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Goudie C, Cullinan N, Villani A, Mathews N, van Engelen K, Malkin D, Irwin MS, Foulkes WD. Retrospective evaluation of a decision-support algorithm (MIPOGG) for genetic referrals for children with neuroblastic tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:e27390. [PMID: 30117275 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is the most common pediatric extracranial solid tumor. Germline pathogenic variants in ALK and PHOX2B, as well as other cancer predisposition genes, are increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of neuroblastic tumors. A challenge for clinicians is the identification of children with neuroblastoma who require genetics evaluation for underlying cancer predisposition syndromes (CPS). PROCEDURE We developed a decisional algorithm (MIPOGG) to identify which patients with neuroblastic tumors have an increased likelihood of an underlying CPS. This algorithm, comprising 11 Yes/No questions, evaluates features in the tumor, personal and family history that are suggestive of an underlying CPS. We assessed the algorithm's performance in a retrospective cohort. RESULTS Two hundred and nine of 278 consecutive patients with neuroblastic tumors at The Hospital for Sick Children (2007-2016) had sufficient clinical data for retrospective application of the decisional algorithm. Fifty-one of 209 patients had been referred to genetics for CPS evaluation; 6/51 had a genetic or clinical confirmation of a CPS. The algorithm correctly identified all six children (Beckwith-Wiedemann (n = 2), Fanconi anemia, RB1, PHOX2B, chromosome duplication involving ALK) as requiring a genetic evaluation by using clinical features present at diagnosis. The level of agreement between the algorithm and physicians was 83.9%, with 15 more patients identified by the algorithm than by physicians as requiring a genetics referral. CONCLUSIONS This decisional algorithm appropriately detected all patients who, following genetic evaluation, were confirmed to have a CPS and may improve the detection of CPS in patients with neuroblastic tumors compared with current practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Goudie
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Noelle Cullinan
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anita Villani
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Natalie Mathews
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kalene van Engelen
- Department of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Meredith S Irwin
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Cao Y, Jin Y, Yu J, Wang J, Yan J, Zhao Q. Research progress of neuroblastoma related gene variations. Oncotarget 2017; 8:18444-18455. [PMID: 28055978 PMCID: PMC5392342 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor among children, is an embryonal tumor originating from undifferentiated neural crest cell. Neuroblastomas are highly heterogeneous, represented by the wide range of clinical presentations and likelihood of cure, ranging from spontaneous regression to relentless progression despite rigorous multimodal treatments. Approximately, 50% of cases are high-risk with overall survival rates less than 40%. With the efforts to collect large numbers of clinically annotated specimens and the advancements in technologies, researchers have revealed numerous genetic alterations that may drive tumor growth. However, the most lack mutations in genes that are recurrently mutated, which inspires researchers to identify disrupted pathways instead of single mutated genes to unearth biological systems perturbed in neuroblastoma. Stratification of patients and target therapy based on their molecular signatures have been the center of focus. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the recent advances in identification of candidate genes variations, targeted approaches to high-risk neuroblastoma and evaluates the methods utilized for detection, which will provide new avenues to develop therapies and further genetic researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Cao
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Department of Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jingfu Wang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Theruvath J, Russo A, Kron B, Paret C, Wingerter A, El Malki K, Neu MA, Alt F, Staatz G, Stein R, Seidmann L, Prawitt D, Faber J. Next-generation sequencing reveals germline mutations in an infant with synchronous occurrence of nephro- and neuroblastoma. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2016; 33:264-75. [PMID: 27285993 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2016.1184362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although neuro- and nephroblastoma are common solid tumors in children, the simultaneous occurrence is very rare and is often associated with syndromes. Here, we present a unique case of synchronous occurrence of neuro- and nephroblastoma in an infant with no signs of congenital anomalies or a syndrome. We performed genetic testing for possible candidate genes as underlying mutation using the next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach to target 94 genes and 284 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in cancer. We uncovered a novel heterozygous germline missense mutation p.F58L (c.172T→C) in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene and one novel heterozygous rearrangement Q418Hfs(*)11 (c.1254_1264delins TTACTTAGTACAAGAACTG) in the Fanconi anemia gene FANCD2 leading to a truncated protein. Besides, several SNPs associated with the occurrence of neuroblastoma and/or nephroblastoma or multiple primary tumors were identified. The next-generation sequencing approach might in the future be useful not only in understanding tumor etiology but also in recognizing new genetic markers and targets for future personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Theruvath
- a Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology , University Medical Center Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Alexandra Russo
- a Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology , University Medical Center Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Bettina Kron
- a Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology , University Medical Center Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Claudia Paret
- a Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology , University Medical Center Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Arthur Wingerter
- a Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology , University Medical Center Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Khalifa El Malki
- a Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology , University Medical Center Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Marie A Neu
- a Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology , University Medical Center Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Francesca Alt
- a Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology , University Medical Center Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Gundula Staatz
- b Department of Pediatric Radiology , University Medical Center Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Raimund Stein
- c Department of Pediatric Urology , University Medical Center Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Larissa Seidmann
- d Department of Pediatric Pathology , University Medical Center Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Dirk Prawitt
- e Department of Molecular Pediatrics , Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , University Medical Center Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Jörg Faber
- a Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology , University Medical Center Mainz , Mainz , Germany
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Svojgr K, Sumerauer D, Puchmajerova A, Vicha A, Hrusak O, Michalova K, Malis J, Smisek P, Kyncl M, Novotna D, Machackova E, Jencik J, Pycha K, Vaculik M, Kodet R, Stary J. Fanconi anemia with biallelic FANCD1/BRCA2 mutations - Case report of a family with three affected children. Eur J Med Genet 2015; 59:152-7. [PMID: 26657402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia, complementation group D1 with bi-allelic FANCD1 (BRCA2) mutations, is a very rare genetic disorder characterized by early onset of childhood malignancies, including acute leukemia, brain cancer and nephroblastoma. Here, we present a case report of a family with 3 affected children in terms of treatment outcome, toxicity and characterization of the malignancies using comprehensive cytogenetic analysis. The first child was diagnosed with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia when he was 11 months old. During chemotherapy, he suffered from repeated pancytopenia, sepsis and severe vincristine polyneuropathy, and 18 months after primary diagnosis, he succumbed to secondary acute monocytic leukemia. The second child was diagnosed with stage 2 triphasic nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor), when he was 3 years and 11 months old. During chemotherapy, he suffered from vincristine polyneuropathy. Currently, he is in complete remission, 29 months following the initial diagnosis. The third child was diagnosed with medulloblastoma with classical histology, when she was 4 years and 5 months old. After the first cycle of chemotherapy, she suffered from prolonged pancytopenia, sepsis and severe skin and mucosal toxicity. Six weeks after primary diagnosis, a first relapse in the posterior fossa was diagnosed, and at 7 and half months after primary diagnosis, a second relapse was diagnosed that led to the patient's death. Our case report underscores tumor heterogeneity, treatment toxicity and poor outcome in Fanconi anemia patients of complementation group D1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Svojgr
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University in Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - David Sumerauer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University in Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Puchmajerova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University in Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Vicha
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University in Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Hrusak
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University in Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kyra Michalova
- Center of Oncocytogenetics, General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Malis
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University in Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Smisek
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University in Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kyncl
- Department of Radiology, Charles University in Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Drahuse Novotna
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University in Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Machackova
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Karel Pycha
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Charles University in Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Vaculik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charles University in Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Kodet
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Stary
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University in Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Multiple synchronous tumors in a child with Fanconi anemia. J Pediatr Surg 2010; 45:e5-8. [PMID: 20152336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2009.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive inherited syndrome characterized by congenital abnormalities, aplastic anemia, and a high likelihood of developing cancer. We describe a child who presented with 2 synchronous solid tumors (Wilms tumor and neuroblastoma), later found to have FA, who developed severe toxicity and died after a first cycle of chemotherapy. Our experience emphasizes that a predisposing genetic condition should be sought in cases of multiple tumors and that managing FA patients with cancer can be particularly difficult.
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Ripperger T, Gadzicki D, Meindl A, Schlegelberger B. Breast cancer susceptibility: current knowledge and implications for genetic counselling. Eur J Hum Genet 2008; 17:722-31. [PMID: 19092773 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women in the Western world. Except for the high breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers as well as the risk for breast cancer in certain rare syndromes caused by mutations in TP53, STK11, PTEN, CDH1, NF1 or NBN, familial clustering of breast cancer remains largely unexplained. Despite significant efforts, BRCA3 could not be identified, but several reports have recently been published on genes involved in DNA repair and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with an increased breast cancer risk. Although candidate gene approaches demonstrated moderately increased breast cancer risks for rare mutations in genes involved in DNA repair (ATM, CHEK2, BRIP1, PALB2 and RAD50), genome-wide association studies identified several SNPs as low-penetrance breast cancer susceptibility polymorphisms within genes as well as in chromosomal loci with no known genes (FGFR2, TOX3, LSP1, MAP3K1, TGFB1, 2q35 and 8q). Some of these low-penetrance breast cancer susceptibility polymorphisms also act as modifier genes in BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers. This review not only outlines the recent key developments and potential clinical benefit for preventive management and therapy but also discusses the current limitations of genetic testing of variants associated with intermediate and low breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Ripperger
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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The prevalence of PALB2 germline mutations in BRCA1/BRCA2 negative Chinese women with early onset breast cancer or affected relatives. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008; 114:457-62. [PMID: 18446436 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-008-0036-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PALB2 has been recently identified as breast cancer susceptibility gene in western populations. To investigate the contribution of PALB2 mutations to Chinese non-BRCA1/BRCA2 hereditary breast cancer, we screened all coding exons and intron-exon boundaries of PALB2 in 360 Chinese women with early-onset breast cancer or affected relatives from five breast disease clinical centers in China by utilizing PCR-DHPLC and DNA sequencing analysis. Some genetic variants identified in the cases were then studied in 864 normal controls with no personal or family history of breast cancer. Two protein-truncating PALB2 mutations, 751C>T and 1050_1051delAAinsTCT, were identified in three separate families, and 751C>T was a recurrent mutation. Neither of them, however, were present in the controls (P=0.025). All the truncating mutations occurred in exon 4 of PALB2, and there were still three unclassified variants were detected in the same fragment. We found that exon 4 accounted for 44.1% (15/34) of the person-times carrying with any variant in our study. PALB2 mutations were responsible for approximately 1% of Chinese women with early-onset breast cancer and affected relatives. Our results suggested that a detection of exon 4 before the assay of the whole PALB2 gene might be a cost-effective approach to the screening of Chinese population.
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