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Bhattacharjee A, Singh AK. Delineating the Acquired Genetic Diversity and Multidrug Resistance in Alcaligenes from Poultry Farms and Nearby Soil. J Microbiol 2024; 62:511-523. [PMID: 38904697 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00129-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Alcaligenes faecalis is one of the most important and clinically significant environmental pathogens, increasing in importance due to its isolation from soil and nosocomial environments. The Gram-negative soil bacterium is associated with skin endocarditis, bacteremia, dysentery, meningitis, endophthalmitis, urinary tract infections, and pneumonia in patients. With emerging antibiotic resistance in A. faecalis, it has become crucial to understand the origin of such resistance genes within this clinically significant environmental and gut bacterium. In this research, we studied the impact of antibiotic overuse in poultry and its effect on developing resistance in A. faecalis. We sampled soil and faecal materials from five poultry farms, performed whole genome sequencing & analysis and identified four strains of A. faecalis. Furthermore, we characterized the genes in the genomic islands of A. faecalis isolates. We found four multidrug-resistant A. faecalis strains that showed resistance against vancomycin (MIC >1000 μg/ml), ceftazidime (50 μg/ml), colistin (50 μg/ml) and ciprofloxacin (50 μg/ml). From whole genome comparative analysis, we found more than 180 resistance genes compared to the reference sequence. Parts of our assembled contigs were found to be similar to different bacteria which included pbp1A and pbp2 imparting resistance to amoxicillin originally a part of Helicobacter and Bordetella pertussis. We also found the Mycobacterial insertion element IS6110 in the genomic islands of all four genomes. This prominent insertion element can be transferred and induce resistance to other bacterial genomes. The results thus are crucial in understanding the transfer of resistance genes in the environment and can help in developing regimes for antibiotic use in the food and poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Bhattacharjee
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 220002, India
- Department of Botany, Dibrugarh Hanumanbax Surajmall Kanoi College, Dibrugarh, 786001, Assam, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 220002, India.
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Hou TT, Miao LL, Peng JS, Ma L, Huang Q, Liu Y, Wu MR, Ai GM, Liu SJ, Liu ZP. Dirammox Is Widely Distributed and Dependently Evolved in Alcaligenes and Is Important to Nitrogen Cycle. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:864053. [PMID: 35633697 PMCID: PMC9136411 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.864053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen cycle is an essential process for environmental health. Dirammox (direct ammonia oxidation), encoded by the dnfT1RT2ABCD cluster, was a novel pathway for microbial N2 production defined in Alcaligenes ammonioxydans HO-1. Here, a copy of the cluster dnfT1RT2ABCD as a whole was proved to have existed and very conserved in all Alcaligenes genomes. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and amino acid sequences of DnfAs, together with G + C content data, revealed that dnf cluster was evolved associated with the members of the genus Alcaligenes. Under 20% O2 conditions, 14 of 16 Alcaligenes strains showed Dirammox activity, which seemed likely taxon-related. However, the in vitro activities of DnfAs catalyzing the direct oxidation of hydroxylamine to N2 were not taxon-related but depended on the contents of Fe and Mn ions. The results indicated that DnfA is necessary but not sufficient for Dirammox activity. The fact that members of the genus Alcaligenes are widely distributed in various environments, including soil, water bodies (both freshwater and seawater), sediments, activated sludge, and animal-plant-associated environments, strongly suggests that Dirammox is important to the nitrogen cycle. In addition, Alcaligenes species are also commonly found in wastewater treatment plants, suggesting that they might be valuable resources for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Li Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Sen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Ru Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Min Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang-Jiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi-Pei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Alharbi M, Alshammari A, Alasmari AF, Alharbi S, Tahir ul Qamar M, Abbasi SW, Shaker B, Ahmad S. Whole Proteome-Based Therapeutic Targets Annotation and Designing of Multi-Epitope-Based Vaccines against the Gram-Negative XDR- Alcaligenes faecalis Bacterium. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:462. [PMID: 35335094 PMCID: PMC8955209 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study involved therapeutic targets mining for the extremely drug-resistant bacterial species called Alcaligenes faecalis, which is known to infect humans. The infections caused by this species in different parts of the human body have been linked with a higher degree of resistance to several classes of antibiotics. Meanwhile, alternate therapeutic options are needed to treat these bacterial infections in clinical settings. In the current study, a subtractive proteomics approach was adapted to annotate the whole proteome of Alcaligenes faecalis and prioritize target proteins for vaccine-related therapeutics design. This was followed by targeted protein-specific immune epitope prediction and prioritization. The shortlisted epitopes were further subjected to structural design and in silico validation of putative vaccines against Alcaligenes faecalis. The final vaccine designs were also evaluated for potential interaction analysis with human TLR-2 through molecular docking. Finally, the putative vaccines were subjected to in silico cloning and immune simulation approaches to ensure the feasibility of the target-specific vaccine constructs in further experimental designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (A.A.); (A.F.A.)
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (A.A.); (A.F.A.)
| | - Abdullah F. Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (A.A.); (A.F.A.)
| | | | - Muhammad Tahir ul Qamar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sumra Wajid Abbasi
- NUMS Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Bilal Shaker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
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Alotaibi GF. Occurrence of Potentially Pathogenic Bacteria in Epilithic Biofilm Forming Bacteria isolated from Porter Brook River-stones, Sheffield, UK. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:3405-3414. [PMID: 33304149 PMCID: PMC7715045 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms in aquatic ecosystems develop on wet benthic surfaces and are primarily comprised of various allochthonous microorganisms, including bacteria embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). In such environment, where there is a continuous flow of water, attachment of microbes to surfaces prevents cells being washed out of a suitable habitat with the added benefits of the water flow and the surface itself providing nutrients for growth of attached cells. When watercourses are contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, these can become incorporated into biofilms. This study aimed to isolate and identify the bacterial species within biofilms retrieved from river-stones found in the Porter Brook, Sheffield based on morphological, biochemical characteristics and molecular characteristics, such as 16S rDNA sequence phylogeny analysis. Twenty-two bacterial species were identified. Among these were 10 gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, establishing that potential human pathogens were present within the biofilms. Klebsiella pneumoniae MBB9 isolate showed the greatest ability to form a biofilm using a microtiter plate-based crystal violet assay. Biofilm by K. pneumoniae MBB9 formed rapidly (within 6 h) under static conditions at 37 °C and then increased up to 24 h of incubation before decreasing with further incubation (48 h), whereas the applied shear forces (horizontal orbital shaker; diameter of 25 mm at 150 rpm) had no effect on K. pneumoniae MBB9 biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazay F. Alotaibi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
- Department of Environment and Marine Biology, Saline Water Desalination Technologies Research Institute, P.O. 8328 Al-Jubail 31951 Al-Jubail, Saudi Arabia
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Huang C. Extensively drug-resistant Alcaligenes faecalis infection. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:833. [PMID: 33176714 PMCID: PMC7659064 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05557-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcaligenes faecalis is usually causes opportunistic infections in humans. Alcaligenes faecalis infection is often difficult to treat due to its increased resistance to several antibiotics. The results from a clinical study of patients with Alcaligenes faecalis infection may help improve patients’ clinical care. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients presenting with Alcaligenes faecalis infection from January 2014 to December 2019. The medical records of all patients were reviewed for demographic information, clinical symptoms and signs, comorbidities, use of intravenous antibiotics within the past three months, bacterial culture, antibiotics sensitivity test, and clinical outcomes. Results Sixty-one cases of Alcaligenes faecalis infection were seen during the study period, including 25 cases of cystitis, nine cases of diabetic foot infection, eight cases of pneumonia, seven cases of acute pyelonephritis, three cases of bacteremia, and nine cases of infection at specific sites. Thirty-seven patients (60.7%) had a history of receiving intravenous antibiotics within three months of the diagnosis. Fifty-one (83.6%) cases were mixed with other bacterial infections. Extensively drug-resistant infections have been reported since 2018. The best sensitivity rate to Alcaligenes faecalis was 66.7% for three antibiotics (imipenem, meropenem, and ceftazidime) in 2019. Two antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and piperacillin/tazobactam) sensitivity rates to A. faecalis were less than 50%. Conclusions The most frequent Alcaligenes faecalis infection sites, in order, are the bloodstream, urinary tract, skin and soft tissue, and middle ear. The susceptibility rate of Alcaligenes faecalis to commonly used antibiotics is decreasing. Extensively drug-resistant Alcaligenes faecalis infections have emerged. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-020-05557-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chienhsiu Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Chest Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, NO. 2, Min-Sheng Road. Dalin Town, Chiayi County, Taiwan.
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Felestrino ÉB, Sanchez AB, Caneschi WL, Lemes CGDC, Assis RDAB, Cordeiro IF, Fonseca NP, Villa MM, Vieira IT, Kamino LHY, do Carmo FF, da Silva AM, Thomas AM, Patané JSL, Ferreira FC, de Freitas LG, Varani ADM, Ferro JA, Silva RS, Almeida NF, Garcia CCM, Setubal JC, Moreira LM. Complete genome sequence and analysis of Alcaligenes faecalis strain Mc250, a new potential plant bioinoculant. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241546. [PMID: 33151992 PMCID: PMC7643998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present and analyze the complete genome of Alcaligenes faecalis strain Mc250 (Mc250), a bacterium isolated from the roots of Mimosa calodendron, an endemic plant growing in ferruginous rupestrian grasslands in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The genome has 4,159,911 bp and 3,719 predicted protein-coding genes, in a single chromosome. Comparison of the Mc250 genome with 36 other Alcaligenes faecalis genomes revealed that there is considerable gene content variation among these strains, with the core genome representing only 39% of the protein-coding gene repertoire of Mc250. Mc250 encodes a complete denitrification pathway, a network of pathways associated with phenolic compounds degradation, and genes associated with HCN and siderophores synthesis; we also found a repertoire of genes associated with metal internalization and metabolism, sulfate/sulfonate and cysteine metabolism, oxidative stress and DNA repair. These findings reveal the genomic basis for the adaptation of this bacterium to the harsh environmental conditions from where it was isolated. Gene clusters associated with ectoine, terpene, resorcinol, and emulsan biosynthesis that can confer some competitive advantage were also found. Experimental results showed that Mc250 was able to reduce (~60%) the virulence phenotype of the plant pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri when co-inoculated in Citrus sinensis, and was able to eradicate 98% of juveniles and stabilize the hatching rate of eggs to 4% in two species of agricultural nematodes. These results reveal biotechnological potential for the Mc250 strain and warrant its further investigation as a biocontrol and plant growth-promoting bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica Barbosa Felestrino
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Angélica Bianchini Sanchez
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Washington Luiz Caneschi
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Isabella Ferreira Cordeiro
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Natasha Peixoto Fonseca
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Morghana Marina Villa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DECBI), Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas (ICEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Izadora Tabuso Vieira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DECBI), Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas (ICEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aline Maria da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica (DBQ), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrew Maltez Thomas
- Departamento de Bioquímica (DBQ), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Carla Ferreira
- Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada a Agropecuária (BIOAGRO), Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Leandro Grassi de Freitas
- Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada a Agropecuária (BIOAGRO), Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Alessandro de Mello Varani
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jesus Aparecido Ferro
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Robson Soares Silva
- Faculdade de Computação (FACOM), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Nalvo Franco Almeida
- Faculdade de Computação (FACOM), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Camila Carrião Machado Garcia
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DECBI), Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas (ICEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Setubal
- Departamento de Bioquímica (DBQ), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail: (JCS); (LMM)
| | - Leandro Marcio Moreira
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DECBI), Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas (ICEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
- * E-mail: (JCS); (LMM)
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Huang C. Diabetic Foot Ulcer with Alcaligenes faecalis Infection. DUBAI DIABETES AND ENDOCRINOLOGY JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1159/000508094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Diabetic foot ulcers are an increasingly common complex problem and are associated with a very considerable health care burden. Diabetic foot ulcer with <i>Alcaligenes faecalis</i> infection is rarely reported in the literature. We report a case series of diabetic foot ulcer with <i>A. faecalis</i> infection treated at our facility. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients with diabetic foot ulcer with <i>A. faecalis</i> infection seen from January 2014 to April 2019. We analyzed the clinical characteristics, ulcer lesion classification, comorbidities, prior intravenous antibiotic use within 3 months, wound culture, antibiotics sensitivity test, and clinical outcomes of these patients. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Eight cases of diabetic foot ulcer with <i>A. faecalis</i> infection were seen in 5 males and 3 females. Mean age was 54.6 years. All patients had other comorbidities, and all ulcer lesions were of chronic duration (>14 days). All wound cultures revealed polymicrobial infection, with 2 cases of diabetic foot with extensive drug-resistant <i>A. faecalis</i> infection found in 2019. All patients needed intravenous antibiotic therapy and surgical interventions for the chronic ulcer lesion. The wound failed to heal in 3 patients. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> All diabetic foot ulcers with <i>A. faecalis</i> infection were of chronic duration (>14 days) and had polymicrobial infection. Extensive drug-resistant <i>A. faecalis</i> emerged in 2019. Definitive antibiotic therapy is necessary for all infected wounds and should be based on both the culture results and susceptibility data. All patients will need appropriate wound care, and most will need rapid surgical intervention for an optimal outcome.
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Complications of ocular tattooing: a Canadian case series. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2019; 54:e273-e277. [PMID: 31836111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Puah SM, Puthucheary SD, Chua KH. First Report of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases TEM-116 and OXA-10 in Clinical Isolates of Alcaligenes Species from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Jpn J Infect Dis 2019; 72:266-269. [PMID: 30918144 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2018.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is an alarming increase in the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) present mainly in Enterobacteriaceae and other nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria, such as Alcaligenes faecalis, which is the only species in that genus that is clinically relevant. We investigated Alcaligenes species from 7 cases (6 inpatients and one outpatient) at our tertiary-care hospital. Four patients had urinary tract infections, and one each had systemic lupus erythematosus, pulmonary stenosis, and diabetic ulcer. All 7 isolates were identified as Alcaligenes spp. based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences, and antibiotic susceptibility was determined using a Vitek 2 system with AST-GN87 cards. All the strains were resistant to cefazolin; 6 were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; 5 manifested resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam, cefepime, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin; whereas 5 had multidrug resistance profiles. All the strains (7/7) expressed ESBL activity; PCR screening and sequencing showed evidence of genes blaTEM-116 (7/7) and blaOXA-10 (4/7), and we believe that this is the first report on the presence of TEM-116 and OXA-10 in an Alcaligenes spp. A combination of the 2 genes was present in 4 strains. All 7 strains were found to harbor at least one ESBL gene probably contributing to the drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Moi Puah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya
| | | | - Kek Heng Chua
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya
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Handschuh H, O'Dwyer J, Adley CC. Bacteria that Travel: The Quality of Aircraft Water. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:13938-55. [PMID: 26529000 PMCID: PMC4661625 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121113938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The travelling population is increasing globally year on year. International tourist arrival figures reached 1087 million in 2013 and 1133 million in 2014; of which 53% and 54% respectively accounted for air transport. The water on board aircraft is sourced from surface or ground water; piped to a central filling point and distributed to each aircraft by water service vehicles at the home base or at the destination airport. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the microbial, chemical (pH; Total and Free chlorine) and physical (temperature) quality of water from two aircraft, long- and short-haul, as well as from the original water source and the water service vehicle. A total of 154 water samples were collected and analysed. Long-haul flights were found to be significantly poorer in terms of microbial quality than short haul flights (p = 0.015). Furthermore, correlation and regression analysis showed that the water service vehicle was a significant source of increased microbial load in aircraft. Microbial diversity was also demonstrated, with 37 bacterial species identified belonging to eight classes: γ-Proteobacteria; β-Proteobacteria; α-Proteobacteria; Bacilli; Actinobacteria; Flavobacteria; Sphingobacteria and Cytophaga; using phenotypic and 16S rDNA sequence-based analysis. We present a novel quantified study of aircraft-related potable water supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Handschuh
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Jean O'Dwyer
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Catherine C Adley
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
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Pal SS, Panigrahi PK, Roy R, Nandi K, Das S. Endophthalmitis Caused by Alcaligenes Faecalis: A Case Series. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2013; 21:446-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2013.817592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hwang JH, Kim MJ, Kweon EY, Ahn M, You IC. A Case of Corneal Ulcer by Alcaligenes Faecalis. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2009. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2009.50.9.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ho Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Eui Yong Kweon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Min Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - In Cheon You
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
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Mehrotra A, Gadia R, Venkatesh P, Nayak N, Garg S. Posttraumatic endophthalmitis due to a rare pathogen, Alcaligenes faecalis. Can J Ophthalmol 2007. [PMID: 17508059 DOI: 10.3129/can.j.ophthalmol.i07-064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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