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Ding X, Fan S. Purple sweet potato polysaccharide ameliorates concanavalin A-induced hepatic injury by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155652. [PMID: 38663118 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a prevalent liver disease that can potentially lead to hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. The prolonged administration of immunosuppressive medications carries significant risks for patients. Purple sweet potato polysaccharide (PSPP), a macromolecule stored in root tubers, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune-enhancing, and intestinal flora-regulating properties. Nevertheless, investigation into the role and potential mechanisms of PSPP in AIH remains notably scarce. PURPOSE Our aim was to explore the possible protective impacts of PSPP against concanavalin A (Con A)-induced liver injury in mice. METHODS Polysaccharide was isolated from purple sweet potato tubers using water extraction and alcohol precipitation, followed by purification through DEAE-52 cellulose column chromatography and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. A highly purified component was obtained, and its monosaccharide composition was characterized by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Mouse and cellular models induced by Con A were set up to investigate the impacts of PSPP on hepatic histopathology, apoptosis, as well as inflammation- and oxidative stress-related proteins in response to PSPP treatment. RESULTS The administration of PSPP significantly reduced hepatic pathological damage, suppressed elevation of ALT and AST levels, and attenuated hepatic apoptosis in Con A-exposed mice. PSPP was found to mitigate Con A-induced inflammation by suppressing the TLR4-P2X7R/NLRP3 signaling pathway in mice. Furthermore, PSPP alleviated Con A-induced oxidative stress by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in mice. Additionally, PSPP demonstrated the ability to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells induced by Con A in vitro. CONCLUSION PSPP has the potential to ameliorate hepatic inflammation via the TLR4-P2X7R/NLRP3 pathway and inhibit hepatic oxidative stress through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway during the progression of Con A-induced hepatic injury. The results of this study have unveiled the potential hepatoprotective properties of purple sweet potato and its medicinal value for humans. Moreover, this study serves as a valuable reference, highlighting the potential of PSPP-1 as a drug candidate for the treatment of immune liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaohua Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Varkoly K, Beladi R, Hamada M, McFadden G, Irving J, Lucas AR. Viral SERPINS-A Family of Highly Potent Immune-Modulating Therapeutic Proteins. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1393. [PMID: 37759793 PMCID: PMC10526531 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors, SERPINS, are a highly conserved family of proteins that regulate serine proteases in the central coagulation and immune pathways, representing 2-10% of circulating proteins in the blood. Serine proteases form cascades of sequentially activated enzymes that direct thrombosis (clot formation) and thrombolysis (clot dissolution), complement activation in immune responses and also programmed cell death (apoptosis). Virus-derived serpins have co-evolved with mammalian proteases and serpins, developing into highly effective inhibitors of mammalian proteolytic pathways. Through interacting with extracellular and intracellular serine and cysteine proteases, viral serpins provide a new class of highly active virus-derived coagulation-, immune-, and apoptosis-modulating drug candidates. Viral serpins have unique characteristics: (1) function at micrograms per kilogram doses; (2) selectivity in targeting sites of protease activation; (3) minimal side effects at active concentrations; and (4) the demonstrated capacity to be modified, or fine-tuned, for altered protease targeting. To date, the virus-derived serpin class of biologics has proven effective in a wide range of animal models and in one clinical trial in patients with unstable coronary disease. Here, we outline the known viral serpins and review prior studies with viral serpins, considering their potential for application as new sources for immune-, coagulation-, and apoptosis-modulating therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Varkoly
- Department of Internal Medicine, McLaren Macomb Hospital, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, 1000 Harrington St., Mt Clemens, MI 48043, USA;
| | - Roxana Beladi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Ascension Providence Hospital, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, 16001 W Nine Mile Rd., Southfield, MI 48075, USA;
| | - Mostafa Hamada
- College of Medicine, Kansas City University, 1750 Independence Ave, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA;
- Center for Immunotherapy Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E Tyler St., Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
| | - Grant McFadden
- Center for Immunotherapy Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E Tyler St., Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
| | - James Irving
- UCL Respiratory and the Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Alexandra R. Lucas
- Center for Immunotherapy Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E Tyler St., Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E Tyler St., Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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3
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Khaleel A, El-Sheakh AR, Suddek GM. Celecoxib abrogates concanavalin A-induced hepatitis in mice: Possible involvement of Nrf2/HO-1, JNK signaling pathways and COX-2 expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110442. [PMID: 37352567 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Concanavalin A (ConA) is an established model for inducing autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in mice, mimicking clinical features in human. The aimof the current study is to explore the possible protective effect of celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor,on immunological responses elicited in the ConA model of acute hepatitis. ConA (20 mg/kg) was administered intravenously to adult male mice for 6 h. Prior to ConA intoxication, mice in the treatedgroups received daily doses of celecoxib (30 and 60 mg/kg in CMC) for 7 days. Results revealed that administration of celecoxib 60 mg/kg for 7 days significantly protected the liver from ConA-induced liver damage revealed by significant decrease in ALT and AST serum levels. Celecoxib 30 and 60 mg/kg pretreatment enhanced oxidant/antioxidant hemostasis by significantreduction of MDA and NO content and increase hepatic GSH contents and SOD activity. In addition, celecoxib 30 and 60 mg/kg caused significant increase in hepatic nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the stress protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels. Moreover, celecoxib 30 and 60 mg/kg inhibited the release of proinflammatory markers including IL-1β and TNF-α along with significant decrease in p-JNK, AKT phosphorylation ratio and caspase-3 expression. Besides, Con A was correlated to high expression of cyclooxygenase COX-2 and this increasing was improved by administration of celecoxib. These changes were in good agreement with improvement in histological deterioration. The protective effect of celecoxib was also associated with significant reduction of autophagy biomarkers (Beclin-1 and LC3II). In conclusion, celecoxib showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagy activity against Con A-induced immune-mediated hepatitis. These effects could be produced by modulation of Nrf2/HO-1, IL-1B /p-JNK/p-AKT, JNK/caspase-3, and Beclin-1/LC3II signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Khaleel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R El-Sheakh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura National University, Gamasa, Egypt; Future Studies and Risks Management' National Committee of Drugs, Academy of Scientific Research, Ministry of Higher Education, Elsayeda Zeinab, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Suddek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Yao Y, Wang C. Dedifferentiation: inspiration for devising engineering strategies for regenerative medicine. NPJ Regen Med 2020; 5:14. [PMID: 32821434 PMCID: PMC7395755 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-020-00099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell dedifferentiation is the process by which cells grow reversely from a partially or terminally differentiated stage to a less differentiated stage within their own lineage. This extraordinary phenomenon, observed in many physiological processes, inspires the possibility of developing new therapeutic approaches to regenerate damaged tissue and organs. Meanwhile, studies also indicate that dedifferentiation can cause pathological changes. In this review, we compile the literature describing recent advances in research on dedifferentiation, with an emphasis on tissue-specific findings, cellular mechanisms, and potential therapeutic applications from an engineering perspective. A critical understanding of such knowledge may provide fresh insights for designing new therapeutic strategies for regenerative medicine based on the principle of cell dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Yao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510120 Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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Yaron JR, Zhang L, Guo Q, Burgin M, Schutz LN, Awo E, Wise L, Krause KL, Ildefonso CJ, Kwiecien JM, Juby M, Rahman MM, Chen H, Moyer RW, Alcami A, McFadden G, Lucas AR. Deriving Immune Modulating Drugs from Viruses-A New Class of Biologics. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E972. [PMID: 32244484 PMCID: PMC7230489 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9040972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses are widely used as a platform for the production of therapeutics. Vaccines containing live, dead and components of viruses, gene therapy vectors and oncolytic viruses are key examples of clinically-approved therapeutic uses for viruses. Despite this, the use of virus-derived proteins as natural sources for immune modulators remains in the early stages of development. Viruses have evolved complex, highly effective approaches for immune evasion. Originally developed for protection against host immune responses, viral immune-modulating proteins are extraordinarily potent, often functioning at picomolar concentrations. These complex viral intracellular parasites have "performed the R&D", developing highly effective immune evasive strategies over millions of years. These proteins provide a new and natural source for immune-modulating therapeutics, similar in many ways to penicillin being developed from mold or streptokinase from bacteria. Virus-derived serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins), chemokine modulating proteins, complement control, inflammasome inhibition, growth factors (e.g., viral vascular endothelial growth factor) and cytokine mimics (e.g., viral interleukin 10) and/or inhibitors (e.g., tumor necrosis factor) have now been identified that target central immunological response pathways. We review here current development of virus-derived immune-modulating biologics with efficacy demonstrated in pre-clinical or clinical studies, focusing on pox and herpesviruses-derived immune-modulating therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R. Yaron
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (J.R.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.); (M.J.)
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (J.R.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.); (M.J.)
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
| | - Qiuyun Guo
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (J.R.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.); (M.J.)
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Michelle Burgin
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (J.R.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.); (M.J.)
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
| | - Lauren N. Schutz
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (J.R.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.); (M.J.)
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
| | - Enkidia Awo
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (J.R.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.); (M.J.)
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
| | - Lyn Wise
- University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (L.W.); (K.L.K.)
| | - Kurt L. Krause
- University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (L.W.); (K.L.K.)
| | | | - Jacek M. Kwiecien
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Michael Juby
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (J.R.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.); (M.J.)
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
| | - Masmudur M. Rahman
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
| | - Hao Chen
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China;
| | - Richard W. Moyer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Antonio Alcami
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Grant McFadden
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
| | - Alexandra R. Lucas
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (J.R.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.); (M.J.)
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
- St Joseph Hospital, Dignity Health, Creighton University, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
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Mangano K, Cavalli E, Mammana S, Basile MS, Caltabiano R, Pesce A, Puleo S, Atanasov AG, Magro G, Nicoletti F, Fagone P. Involvement of the Nrf2/HO-1/CO axis and therapeutic intervention with the CO-releasing molecule CORM-A1, in a murine model of autoimmune hepatitis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:4156-4165. [PMID: 29034470 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced hepatitis is an experimental model of human autoimmune hepatitis induced in rodents by i.v. injection of Con A. The disease is characterized by increase in serum levels of transaminases and massive immune infiltration of the livers. Type 1, type 2, and type 17 cytokines play a pathogenic role in the development of ConA-induced hepatitis. To understand further the immunoregulatory mechanisms operating in the development and regulation of ConA-induced hepatitis, we have evaluated the role of the anti-inflammatory pathway Nrf2/HO-1/CO (Nuclear Factor E2-related Factor 2/Heme Oxygenase-1/Carbon Monoxide) in this condition and determined whether the in vivo administration of CO via the CO-releasing molecule (CORM) CORM-A1, influences serological and histological development of Con-A-induced hepatitis. We have firstly evaluated in silico the genes belonging to the Nrf2/HO-1/CO pathway that are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The data obtained from the in silico study demonstrate that a significant number of genes modulated in the liver of ConA-challenged mice belong to the Nrf2 pathway; on the other hand, the administration of CORM-A1 determines an improvement in several sero-immunological and histological parameters, and it is able to modulate genes identified by the in silico analysis. Collectively, our data indicate that the Nrf2/HO-1/CO pathway is fundamental for the regulation of the immune responses, and that therapeutic intervention aimed at its modulation by CORM-A1 may represent a valuable strategy to be considered for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Eugenio Cavalli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Santa Mammana
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Sofia Basile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Pesce
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Puleo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Magdalenka, Poland
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gaetano Magro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Microbial inhibitors of cysteine proteases. Med Microbiol Immunol 2016; 205:275-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-016-0454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Dihydroquercetin (DHQ) ameliorated concanavalin A-induced mouse experimental fulminant hepatitis and enhanced HO-1 expression through MAPK/Nrf2 antioxidant pathway in RAW cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:938-44. [PMID: 25916679 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis represents a ubiquitous human health problem and has a poor prognosis. Dihydroquercetin (DHQ), a well-known antioxidant, significantly inhibits fulminant hepatitis through anti-oxidant and anti-inflammation mechanisms. In this study, we show that administration of DHQ ameliorated concanavalin A (ConA)-induced mouse liver injury by increasing the survival rate, reducing the serum ALT and AST level, preventing histopathological injuries and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in hepatic tissue. As macrophages/Kupffer cells in oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mediators play an important role in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated hepatitis, we further exposed mouse RAW264 macrophage cell lines to ConA in vitro and found that DHQ significantly inhibited mRNA expression and secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α in cell culture supernatant. In addition, DHQ significantly enhanced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner via increased Nrf2 expression in cytoplasm and nuclear translocation. Furthermore, DHQ enhanced phosphorylation of three members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, and cell treatment with MEK/ERK (PD98059), p38 (SB203580) and JNK (SP600125) inhibitors reduced DHQ-induced HO-1 expression. These results indicate that DHQ possesses hepatoprotective properties against ConA-induced liver injury, which are attributed to its ability to scavenge oxidative stress and to inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators via upregulation of HO-1 activity through the MAPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway in macrophages/Kupffer cells.
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Ma BL, Zhou PH, Xie T, Shi L, Qiu B, Wang Q. Inhibition of interleukin-1beta-stimulated dedifferentiation of chondrocytes via controlled release of CrmA from hyaluronic acid-chitosan microspheres. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2015; 16:61. [PMID: 25888442 PMCID: PMC4384377 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-015-0521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The previous studies indicated that CrmA could ameliorate the interleukin-1β induced osteoarthritis. In this study, we investigated the controlled-released cytokine response modifier A (CrmA) from hyaluronic acid (HA)-chitosan (CS) microspheres to improve interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-stimulated dedifferentiation of chondrocytes. Methods A rat model of osteoarthritis (OA) in vitro was established using 10 ng/ml IL-1β as modulating and chondrocytes inducing agent. HA-CS-CrmA microspheres were added to the medium after IL-1β was co-cultured with freshly isolated rat chondrocytes for 48 hours. The chondrocytes viability and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content were determined. The level of CrmA secreted was detected by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The protein levels of type II collagen, aggrecan, collagen I and IL-1β were detected using western blotting analyses. Results The CrmA release kinetics were characterized by an initial burst release, which was reduced to a linear release over ten days. The production of GAG and the expression of type II collagen, aggrecan significantly increased compared with the control group, while the expression of collagen I and IL-1β decreased. Conclusions This study demonstrated that HA-CS microspheres containing CrmA could attenuate the degeneration of articular cartilage by maintaining the phenotype of chondrocytes during culture expansion. The suppression of inflammatory cytokines activity within the joint might be one important mechanism of the action of the microspheres in the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-lei Ma
- Department of Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China.
| | - Pang-Hu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ting Xie
- Department of Women Health Care, Hubei Women and Children Hospital, 430070, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bo Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China.
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Wang Y, Feng D, Wang H, Xu MJ, Park O, Li Y, Gao B. STAT4 knockout mice are more susceptible to concanavalin A-induced T-cell hepatitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1785-94. [PMID: 24731448 PMCID: PMC4044716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
STAT4, which is activated mainly by IL-12, promotes inflammatory responses by inducing Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Recent genome-wide association studies indicate that STAT4 gene variants are associated with risk of various types of liver diseases, but how STAT4 contributes to liver disease pathogenesis remains obscure. In this study, STAT4 activation was detected in liver immune cells from patients with viral hepatitis and autoimmune hepatitis, as well as in a mouse model of concanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatitis. Such STAT4 activation was detected mainly in T cells, natural killer T cells, and macrophages and Kupffer cells, and was diminished in Il12a(-/-) and Il12b(-/-) mice. As expected, disruption of the Stat4 gene reduced production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, but surprisingly exacerbated Con A-induced liver injury. Similarly, disruption of Il12a or Il12b also augmented Con A-induced hepatocellular damage. Further studies showed that hepatic natural killer T (NKT) cells from Con A-treated Stat4(-/-) mice had higher levels of FasL expression and increased cytotoxicity against hepatocytes than those from Con A-treated WT mice. In vitro, blocking FasL attenuated Stat4(-/-) NKT cytotoxicity against hepatocytes. In conclusion, despite up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines, STAT4 protects against acute T-cell hepatitis, which is mediated by direct or indirect down-regulation of FasL expression on NKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hua Wang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ming-Jiang Xu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ogyi Park
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yongmei Li
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Shao X, Qian Y, Xu C, Hong B, Xu W, Shen L, Jin C, Wu Z, Tong X, Yao H. The protective effect of intrasplenic transplantation of Ad-IL-18BP/IL-4 gene-modified fetal hepatocytes on ConA-induced hepatitis in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58836. [PMID: 23516562 PMCID: PMC3596329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced hepatitis is an experimental murine model mirroring the pathology of human autoimmune hepatitis. Aim To investigate the effects of intrasplenically transplanted fetal hepatocytes (BNL.CL2) transfected with recombinant adenovirus vector expressing the IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) and IL-4 fusion protein on ConA-induced hepatitis in mice. Methods Ad-IL-18BP/IL-4 was used to infect BNL.CL2 cells. IL-4 and IL-18BP fusion protein expression were detected by ELISA and Western blotting. BNL.CL2 cells infected with Ad-IL-18BP/IL-4 were intrasplenically transplanted into mice. After 10 days, mice were injected with ConA (15 mg/kg), and sacrificed 18 hours later. Liver injury was assessed by serum transaminase and liver histology. TNF-α, IL-18, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12p70 and monocyte-chemoattracting protein (MCP)-1 levels in serum and liver homogenates were detected by ELISA. Signaling molecules in liver homogenates were analyzed by Western blotting. Results Ad-IL-18BP/IL-4 effectively expressed the IL-18BP/IL-4 fusion protein for more than 14 days in BNL.CL12 cells. Treatment of mice with Ad-IL-18BP/IL-4-BNL.CL2 before ConA injection significantly reduced the elevated plasma levels of transaminases compared with ConA control groups. TNF-α, IL-18, IL-12p70 and MCP-1 levels in serum and liver homogenates from mice transplanted with Ad-IL-18BP/IL-4-BNL.CL2 were lower and IL-4 and IL-10 levels were higher than control groups. Phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65, AKT, p38 and JNK1/2 in liver homogenates were markedly suppressed by Ad-IL-18BP/IL-4. Conclusions Ad-IL-18BP/IL-4 was effectively transfected into mouse BNL.CL2 cells. Intrasplenic transplantation of Ad-IL-18BP/IL-4-BNL.CL12 cells alleviated the severity of inflammation in ConA-induced experimental hepatitis and provides a useful basis for the targeted gene therapy of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenhuai Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Hong
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanhong Xu
- Hangzhou High Throughput Drug Screening Center, ACEA Bio, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changzhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangmin Tong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hangping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
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12
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Omoto Y, Yamanaka K, Tokime K, Kitano S, Kakeda M, Akeda T, Kurokawa I, Gabazza EC, Tsutsui H, Katayama N, Yamanishi K, Nakanishi K, Mizutani H. Granzyme B is a novel interleukin-18 converting enzyme. J Dermatol Sci 2010; 59:129-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Although proteolysis mediated by granzymes has an important role in the immune response to infection or tumours, unrestrained granzyme activity may damage normal cells. In this review, we discuss the role of serpins within the immune system, as specific regulators of granzymes. The well-characterised human granzyme B-SERPINB9 interaction highlights the cytoprotective function that serpins have in safeguarding lymphocytes from granzymes that may leak from granules. We also discuss some of the pitfalls inherent in using rodent models of granzyme-serpin interactions and the ways in which our understanding of serpins can help resolve some of the current, contentious issues in granzyme biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kaiserman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Building 77, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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14
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Zhang Y, Li P, Li G, Huang X, Meng Q, Lau WY, Wang X. The Mechanism of How Anti-IL-18 Prevents Concanavalin-A-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis on a Mouse Model. J Surg Res 2007; 142:175-83. [PMID: 17559879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2007.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2006] [Revised: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The administration of concanavalin A (ConA) induces severe hepatic fibrosis in mice. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) were the key cytokines involved in the process. The aim of this research was to explore the effects and the mechanisms of IL-18 and anti-IL-18 on hepatic fibrosis in a ConA induced hepatic fibrosis model in BABL-C mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred eighty BABL-C mice were randomly divided into five groups (Group a, b, c, d, e). The mice were administered saline, immunoglobulin G, ConA, IL-18 + ConA, Anti-IL-18 + ConA, respectively. At 1, 7, 14, 21 wk, the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-4, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2-RNA, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1-mRNA were measured. RESULTS The levels of serum TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma detected in the IL-18 + ConA group was higher than in the anti-IL-18 + ConA group (P < 0.05). Similarly, the levels of MMP-2-RNA and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1-mRNA expressed in IL-18 + ConA group was higher than in the anti-IL-18 + ConA group (P < 0.05). A majority of these cytokines was secreted by CD4(+)T cells. CONCLUSIONS The immunological response to hepatic fibrosis by repeated injection of ConA in the mouse model was aggravated by IL-18 and blocked by anti-IL-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Zhang
- The Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Fujino M, Kawasaki M, Adachi K, Li XK. Differential-display analysis of gene expression in livers from normal and partially hepatectomized mice. Transplant Proc 2007; 38:2701-4. [PMID: 17098044 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Partial hepatectomy, resulting in the removal of approximately 70% of the liver, is widely utilized for studies of liver growth in experimental animals. The regenerative response is proportional to the amount of liver removed. Knowing when and where genes are expressed provides a strong clue as to its biological role. The RNA differential-display (DD) technique facilitates monitoring the differential expression of a large number of activated or suppressed genes under various biological conditions. To reveal mechanisms of liver regeneration, we performed a comparative analysis of gene expression during liver regeneration using DD. We sacrificed male Balb/c mice, aged 10 to 12 weeks, at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours, and 1 and 2 weeks after PHx. The livers were weighed, and the amount of glutamic-oxaloacetate transaminase in serum measured. We extracted the total RNA from frozen liver tissue and confirmed the RNA quality using a lab-chip system. DD analysis was performed essentially as described by Liang and Pardee. Semiquantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to confirm the results of DD analysis. Of the 56 fragments that exhibited changed expression levels during PHx, 39 were cloned and sequenced. There were 31 known genes, 13 unknown genes, and 9 expressed-sequence tags. These results indicated that DD is a powerful approach for monitoring molecular events in the regenerating liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fujino
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Tschoeke SK, Oberholzer A, Moldawer LL. Interleukin-18: a novel prognostic cytokine in bacteria-induced sepsis. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:1225-33. [PMID: 16540967 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000208356.05575.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe inflammation and sepsis remain a serious clinical challenge worldwide. Despite modern supportive medicine and an improved understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, mortality rates remain high in patients suffering from this severe inflammatory process. The often excess production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines frequently found in the circulation of septic patients has stimulated the search for reliable inflammatory mediators that can be used for the diagnosis and prediction of clinical outcome. Interleukin (IL)-18, formerly termed interferon-gamma inducing factor, is a pro-inflammatory and Th1 cytokine suggested to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of this disease. This review focuses on our current understanding of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-18, and its potentially unique role in sepsis. METHODS Bibliographic search of the most recent literature (1995-2005) relating to IL-18 and its role in inflammatory diseases, with emphasis on its pathophysiological importance in sepsis. In addition, a summary of the author's own experimental data from this particular field of research set in the context of current knowledge regarding IL-18. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Several studies have shown elevated plasma IL-18 concentrations to be associated with poor clinical outcome in severe inflammatory and septic conditions. Moreover, a significant increase in IL-18 concentrations has been shown to discriminate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative related sepsis, and, thus, may potentially augment existing diagnostic tools. Biological neutralization of IL-18 via caspase-1 intervention or through the administration of IL-18-binding protein has been promulgated as a promising therapeutic approach, but additional studies are required to evaluate its full potential in acute inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven K Tschoeke
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité--University Hospitals Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Germany
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17
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Abstract
Ectromelia virus (ECTV) is an orthopoxvirus whose natural host is the mouse; it is related closely to Variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, and Monkeypox virus, the cause of an emerging zoonosis. The recent sequencing of its genome, along with an effective animal model, makes ECTV an attractive model for the study of poxvirus pathogenesis, antiviral and vaccine testing and viral immune and inflammatory responses. This review discusses the pathogenesis of mousepox, modulation of the immune response by the virus and the cytokine and cellular components of the skin and systemic immune system that are critical to recovery from infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Esteban
- University of Victoria, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, PO Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria BC, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R Mark L Buller
- St Louis University Health Sciences Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, St Louis, MO 63104, USA
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Hasegawa A, Cheng X, Kajino K, Berezov A, Murata K, Nakayama T, Yagita H, Murali R, Greene MI. Fas-disabling small exocyclic peptide mimetics limit apoptosis by an unexpected mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:6599-604. [PMID: 15084739 PMCID: PMC404091 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0401597101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fas ligand- (FasL) mediated apoptosis is an important element of tissue-specific organ damage. We have developed biologically active small exocyclic peptide mimetics that disable apoptotic functions of Fas. The most effective mimetic binds to both its receptor and FasL with comparable affinity. In vitro, the most effective antagonist blocked FasL-induced cytotoxicity completely and specifically. In vivo, the antagonistic mimetic also prevented Concanavilin A (Con A) induced hepatitis, a CD4(+) T cell-mediated animal model of liver injury. Although current approaches prevent Fas receptor signaling by excluding FasL binding to Fas, the small molecule mimetics reported here disable Fas by promoting a defective Fas-FasL receptor complex. This event desensitizes FasL-mediated apoptosis by inhibiting extracellular signal regulated kinase activity and up-regulating NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 252 John Morgan Building, 36th and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
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