1
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Thompson KA, Brandvain Y, Coughlan JM, Delmore KE, Justen H, Linnen CR, Ortiz-Barrientos D, Rushworth CA, Schneemann H, Schumer M, Stelkens R. The Ecology of Hybrid Incompatibilities. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041440. [PMID: 38151331 PMCID: PMC11368197 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Ecologically mediated selection against hybrids, caused by hybrid phenotypes fitting poorly into available niches, is typically viewed as distinct from selection caused by epistatic Dobzhansky-Muller hybrid incompatibilities. Here, we show how selection against transgressive phenotypes in hybrids manifests as incompatibility. After outlining our logic, we summarize current approaches for studying ecology-based selection on hybrids. We then quantitatively review QTL-mapping studies and find traits differing between parent taxa are typically polygenic. Next, we describe how verbal models of selection on hybrids translate to phenotypic and genetic fitness landscapes, highlighting emerging approaches for detecting polygenic incompatibilities. Finally, in a synthesis of published data, we report that trait transgression-and thus possibly extrinsic hybrid incompatibility in hybrids-escalates with the phenotypic divergence between parents. We discuss conceptual implications and conclude that studying the ecological basis of hybrid incompatibility will facilitate new discoveries about mechanisms of speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken A Thompson
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Yaniv Brandvain
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - Jenn M Coughlan
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Kira E Delmore
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Hannah Justen
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Catherine R Linnen
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Daniel Ortiz-Barrientos
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Catherine A Rushworth
- Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA
| | - Hilde Schneemann
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, United Kingdom
| | - Molly Schumer
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas de las Huastecas "Aguazarca," A.C., Calnali 43240, Mexico
- Hanna H. Gray Fellow, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA
| | - Rike Stelkens
- Division of Population Genetics, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Ballén-Guapacha AV, Ospina-Garcés SM, Guevara R, Sánchez-Guillén RA. Reproductive character displacement: insights from genital morphometrics in damselfly hybrid zones. Heredity (Edinb) 2024:10.1038/s41437-024-00719-9. [PMID: 39155287 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-024-00719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Reproductive Character Displacement (RCD) refers to the phenomenon of greater differences in reproductive characters between two species when they occur in sympatry compared to when they occur in allopatry to prevent maladaptive hybridization. We explored whether reinforcement of a mechanical barrier involved in the first contact point between male and female genital traits during copulation in the cross between Ischnura graellsii males and Ischnura elegans females has led to RCD, and whether it supports the lock-and-key hypothesis of genital evolution. We employed geometric morphometrics to analyze the shape and size of male and female genital traits, controlling for environmental and geographic factors. Consistent with an increase in mechanical isolation via reinforcement, we detected larger divergence in genital traits between the species in sympatry than in allopatry, and also stronger signal in females than in males. In the Northwest (NW) hybrid zone, we detected RCD in I. graellsii males and I. elegans females, while in the Northcentral (NC) hybrid zone we detected RCD only in I. elegans females and I. elegans males. The detection of RCD in both sexes of I. elegans was consistent with the lock-and-key hypothesis of genital evolution via female choice for conspecific males in this species. Our study highlights the importance of using geometric morphometrics to deal with the complexity of female reproductive structures while controlling for environmental and geographic factors to investigate RCD. This study contributes valuable insights into the dynamics of reproductive isolation mechanisms and genital coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Milena Ospina-Garcés
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, CP 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Roger Guevara
- Instituto de Ecología A. C. (INECOL), Red de Biología Evolutiva, 91093, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Rosa Ana Sánchez-Guillén
- Instituto de Ecología A. C. (INECOL), Red de Biología Evolutiva, 91093, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
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3
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Nishimura T, Terada K, Xia T, Takami Y. Relationships between reproductive character displacement in genital morphology and the population-level cost of interspecific mating: implications for the Templeton effect. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Natural selection against maladaptive interspecific reproductive interactions may cause greater divergence in mating traits between sympatric populations than between allopatric populations in a pair of species, known as reproductive character displacement (RCD) which is evidence for the lock-and-key hypothesis of genital evolution. However, the relative importance of various processes contributing to RCD in genital morphology (e.g. reinforcement, reproductive interference, and population filtering or the Templeton effect) is not clear. Here, we examined hypotheses for RCD in genital morphology, with a special focus on the Templeton effect (which predicts that only highly differentiated populations can exist in sympatry). We examined population-level fitness costs in interspecific mating between Carabus maiyasanus and Carabus iwawakianus with RCD in genital morphology. A mating experiment using populations with various degrees of RCD in genital morphology showed no evidence for consistently lower interspecific mating costs in C. maiyasanus populations in contact with displacement in genital morphology than in remote populations, contrary to the predictions of the Templeton effect. Alternatively, interspecific mating costs varied among populations. Observed relationships between the sizes of genital parts concerning isolation and interspecific mating costs across populations suggested that population-level fitness costs do not necessarily decrease during the process leading to RCD. Our results provide insight into ecological and evolutionary processes during secondary contact in closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taira Nishimura
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University , Tsurukabuto 3-11, Nada, Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Karen Terada
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University , Tsurukabuto 3-11, Nada, Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Tian Xia
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University , Tsurukabuto 3-11, Nada, Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Yasuoki Takami
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University , Tsurukabuto 3-11, Nada, Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
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4
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Nomura S, Sota T. Evolutionary changes in gene expression profiles associated with the coevolution of male and female genital parts among closely related ground beetle species. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:637. [PMID: 36076166 PMCID: PMC9454128 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The coevolutionary dynamics of corresponding male and female sexual traits, including genitalia, may be driven by complex genetic mechanisms. Carabus (Ohomopterus) ground beetles show correlated evolution in the size of their functionally corresponding male and female genital parts. To reveal the genetic mechanisms involved in the evolution of size, we investigated interspecific differences in gene expression profiles in four closely related species (two species each with long and short genital parts) using transcriptome data from genital tissues in the early and late pupal stages. Results We detected 1536 and 1306 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the species in males and 546 and 1959 DEGs in females in the two pupal stages, respectively. The DEGs were clustered by species-specific expression profiles for each stage and sex to identify candidate gene clusters for genital size based on the expression patterns among the species and gene ontology. We identified one and two gene clusters in females and males, respectively, all from the late pupal stage; one cluster of each sex showed similar expression profiles in species with similar genital size, which implies a common gene expression change associated with similar genital size in each sex. However, the remaining male cluster showed different expression profiles between species with long genital parts, which implies species-specific gene expression changes. These clusters did not show sex-concordant expression profiles for genital size differences. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that sex-independent and partly species-specific gene expression underlies the correlated evolution of male and female genital size. These results may reflect the complex evolutionary history of male and female genitalia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08865-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Nomura
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Sakyo, 606-8502, Japan. .,Division of Evolutionary Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38, Nishigonaka, Okazaki, Myodaiji, 444- 8585, Japan.
| | - Teiji Sota
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Sakyo, 606-8502, Japan.
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5
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Nishimura T, Nagata N, Terada K, Xia T, Kubota K, Sota T, Takami Y. Reproductive character displacement in genital morphology in Ohomopterus ground beetles. Am Nat 2021; 199:E76-E90. [DOI: 10.1086/717864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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6
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Nomura S, Fujisawa T, Sota T. Role of sex-concordant gene expression in the coevolution of exaggerated male and female genitalia in a beetle group. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:3593-3605. [PMID: 33905498 PMCID: PMC8382896 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Some sexual traits, including genitalia, have undergone coevolutionary diversification
toward exaggerated states in both sexes among closely related species, but the underlying
genetic mechanisms that allow correlated character evolution between the sexes are poorly
understood. Here, we studied interspecific differences in gene expression timing profiles
involved in the correlated evolution of corresponding male and female genital parts in
three species of ground beetle in Carabus (Ohomopterus).
The male and female genital parts maintain morphological matching, whereas large
interspecific variation in genital part size has occurred in the genital coevolution
between the sexes toward exaggeration. We analyzed differences in gene expression involved
in the interspecific differences in genital morphology using whole transcriptome data from
genital tissues during genital morphogenesis. We found that the gene expression variance
attributed to sex was negligible for the majority of differentially expressed genes, thus
exhibiting sex-concordant expression, although large variances were attributed to stage
and species differences. For each sex, we obtained co-expression gene networks and hub
genes from differentially expressed genes between species that might be involved in
interspecific differences in genital morphology. These gene networks were common to both
sexes, and both sex-discordant and sex-concordant gene expression were likely involved in
species-specific genital morphology. In particular, the gene expression related to
exaggerated genital size showed no significant intersexual differences, implying that the
genital sizes in both sexes are controlled by the same gene network with sex-concordant
expression patterns, thereby facilitating the coevolution of exaggerated genitalia between
the sexes while maintaining intersexual matching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Nomura
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomochika Fujisawa
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.,The Center for Data Science Education and Research, Shiga University, Hikone, Shiga, 522-8522, Japan
| | - Teiji Sota
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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7
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Thompson KA, Urquhart-Cronish M, Whitney KD, Rieseberg LH, Schluter D. Patterns, Predictors, and Consequences of Dominance in Hybrids. Am Nat 2021; 197:E72-E88. [PMID: 33625966 DOI: 10.1086/712603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCompared to those of their parents, are the traits of first-generation (F1) hybrids typically intermediate, biased toward one parent, or mismatched for alternative parental phenotypes? To address this empirical gap, we compiled data from 233 crosses in which traits were measured in a common environment for two parent taxa and their F1 hybrids. We find that individual traits in F1s are halfway between the parental midpoint and one parental value. Considering pairs of traits together, a hybrid's bivariate phenotype tends to resemble one parent (parent bias) about 50% more than the other, while also exhibiting a similar magnitude of mismatch due to different traits having dominance in conflicting directions. Using data from an experimental field planting of recombinant hybrid sunflowers, we illustrate that parent bias improves fitness, whereas mismatch reduces fitness. Our study has three major conclusions. First, hybrids are not phenotypically intermediate but rather exhibit substantial mismatch. Second, dominance is likely determined by the idiosyncratic evolutionary trajectories of individual traits and populations. Finally, selection against hybrids likely results from selection against both intermediate and mismatched phenotypes.
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8
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Terada K, Nishimura T, Hirayama A, Takami Y. Heterochrony and growth rate variation mediate the development of divergent genital morphologies in closely related
Ohomopterus
ground beetles. Evol Dev 2020; 23:19-27. [DOI: 10.1111/ede.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Terada
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment Kobe University Kobe Japan
| | - Taira Nishimura
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment Kobe University Kobe Japan
| | | | - Yasuoki Takami
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment Kobe University Kobe Japan
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9
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Nomura S, Fujisawa T, Sota T. Gene expression during genital morphogenesis in the ground beetle Carabus maiyasanus. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:975-986. [PMID: 31318143 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the developmental genetics of genital formation in the carabid beetle Carabus maiyasanus, we compared gene expression patterns among five stages using transcriptomic RNA sequencing data from abdominal segments and genitalia in the third (last) larval instar (including prepupa) and pupal stages. We identified 18 839 genes, of which 10 796 were differentially expressed among stages or between sexes. There were relatively few differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the sexes (3%). The DEGs were clustered into six groups, mainly according to stage-specific expression patterns. Genes in clusters 1-3 showed high expression levels before pupation and low expression levels during the pupal period, whereas genes in clusters 4-6 showed high expression levels from the prepupal to the pupal stages. Genes related to the initial pupation process and differentiation of genital discs in Drosophila were involved in clusters 4 and 6 and showed low expression levels at early third instar and elevated expression levels from the early prepupal stage, suggesting that the pupation process and genital differentiation started in the prepupal stage. Clusters 4 and 5 included developmental genes related to organ size control, which may be important in the formation of internal genital structures during the pupal stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Nomura
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomochika Fujisawa
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teiji Sota
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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10
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Lafuente E, Beldade P. Genomics of Developmental Plasticity in Animals. Front Genet 2019; 10:720. [PMID: 31481970 PMCID: PMC6709652 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental plasticity refers to the property by which the same genotype produces distinct phenotypes depending on the environmental conditions under which development takes place. By allowing organisms to produce phenotypes adjusted to the conditions that adults will experience, developmental plasticity can provide the means to cope with environmental heterogeneity. Developmental plasticity can be adaptive and its evolution can be shaped by natural selection. It has also been suggested that developmental plasticity can facilitate adaptation and promote diversification. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the evolution of plasticity and on the impact of plasticity on adaptive evolution, and we identify recent advances and important open questions about the genomics of developmental plasticity in animals. We give special attention to studies using transcriptomics to identify genes whose expression changes across developmental environments and studies using genetic mapping to identify loci that contribute to variation in plasticity and can fuel its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrícia Beldade
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- CNRS-UMR5174, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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11
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Fujisawa T, Sasabe M, Nagata N, Takami Y, Sota T. Genetic basis of species-specific genitalia reveals role in species diversification. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav9939. [PMID: 31249868 PMCID: PMC6594765 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav9939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of genital morphology among closely related animals with internal fertilization is well known, but the genetic backgrounds are unclear. Here, we show that, in Carabus (Ohomopterus) beetles showing correlated evolution of male and female genital parts, only a few major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) determine differences in genital dimensions between sister species, and sequence divergence is pronounced in the genomic regions containing genital QTLs. The major QTLs for male and female genital dimensions reside in different locations within the same linkage group, implying that coevolution between the sexes is only loosely constrained and can respond to sexually antagonistic selection. The same genomic regions containing the major QTLs show elevated divergence between three pairs of parapatric species with marked differences in genital parts. Our study demonstrates that species diversification can follow coevolution of genitalia between the sexes, even without tight linkage of loci affecting male and female genital dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomochika Fujisawa
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masataka Sasabe
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Nagata
- Division of Collections Conservation, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan
| | - Yasuoki Takami
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Teiji Sota
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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12
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Schultz NG, Ingels J, Hillhouse A, Wardwell K, Chang PL, Cheverud JM, Lutz C, Lu L, Williams RW, Dean MD. The Genetic Basis of Baculum Size and Shape Variation in Mice. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2016; 6:1141-51. [PMID: 26935419 PMCID: PMC4856068 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.027888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The rapid divergence of male genitalia is a preeminent evolutionary pattern. This rapid divergence is especially striking in the baculum, a bone that occurs in the penis of many mammalian species. Closely related species often display diverse baculum morphology where no other morphological differences can be discerned. While this fundamental pattern of evolution has been appreciated at the level of gross morphology, nearly nothing is known about the genetic basis of size and shape divergence. Quantifying the genetic basis of baculum size and shape variation has been difficult because these structures generally lack obvious landmarks, so comparing them in three dimensions is not straightforward. Here, we develop a novel morphometric approach to quantify size and shape variation from three-dimensional micro-CT scans taken from 369 bacula, representing 75 distinct strains of the BXD family of mice. We identify two quantitative trait loci (QTL) that explain ∼50% of the variance in baculum size, and a third QTL that explains more than 20% of the variance in shape. Together, our study demonstrates that baculum morphology may diverge relatively easily, with mutations at a few loci of large effect that independently modulate size and shape. Based on a combination of bioinformatic investigations and new data on RNA expression, we prioritized these QTL to 16 candidate genes, which have hypothesized roles in bone morphogenesis and may enable future genetic manipulation of baculum morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Schultz
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Jesse Ingels
- University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Andrew Hillhouse
- Texas A & M, Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas 77845
| | | | - Peter L Chang
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - James M Cheverud
- Loyola University, Department of Biology, Chicago, Illinois 60626
| | | | - Lu Lu
- University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Robert W Williams
- University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Matthew D Dean
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
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13
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Takahashi T, Nagata N, Sota T. Application of RAD-based phylogenetics to complex relationships among variously related taxa in a species flock. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 80:137-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Mendonça VJ, Alevi KCC, Medeiros LMDO, Nascimento JD, de Azeredo-Oliveira MTV, da Rosa JA. Cytogenetic and morphologic approaches of hybrids from experimental crosses between Triatoma lenti Sherlock & Serafim, 1967 and T. sherlocki Papa et al., 2002 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 26:123-31. [PMID: 24861813 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reproductive capacity between Triatoma lenti and Triatoma sherlocki was observed in order to verify the fertility and viability of the offspring. Cytogenetic, morphological and morphometric approaches were used to analyze the differences that were inherited. Experimental crosses were performed in both directions. The fertility rate of the eggs in crosses involving T. sherlocki females was 65% and 90% in F1 and F2 offspring, respectively. In reciprocal crosses, it was 7% and 25% in F1 and F2 offspring, respectively. The cytogenetic analyses of the male meiotic process of the hybrids were performed using lacto-acetic orcein, C-banding and Feulgen techniques. The male F1 offspring presented normal chromosome behavior, a finding that was similar to those reported in parental species. However, cytogenetic analysis of F2 offspring showed errors in chromosome pairing. This post-zygotic isolation, which prevents hybrids in nature, may represent the collapse of the hybrid. This phenomenon is due to a genetic dysregulation that occurs in the chromosomes of F1. The results were similar in the hybrids from both crosses. Morphological features, such as color and size of connexive and the presence of red-orange rings on the femora, were similar to T. sherlocki, while wins size was similar to T. lenti in F1 offspring. The eggshells showed characteristics that were similar to species of origin, whereas the median process of the pygophore resulted in intermediate characteristics in the F1 and a segregating pattern in F2 offspring. Geometric morphometric techniques used on the wings showed that both F1 and F2 offspring were similar to T. lenti. These studies on the reproductive capacity between T. lenti and T. sherlocki confirm that both species are evolutionarily closed; hence, they are included in the brasiliensis subcomplex. The extremely reduced fertility observed in the F2 hybrids confirmed the specific status of the species that were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagner José Mendonça
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas/UNESP - Araraquara/SP, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú, Km 1, CEP 14801-902 Araraquara/SP, Brazil.
| | - Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas/UNESP - São José do Rio Preto/SP, Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265, CEP 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto/SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia Maria de Oliveira Medeiros
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas/UNESP - Araraquara/SP, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú, Km 1, CEP 14801-902 Araraquara/SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Damieli Nascimento
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas/UNICAMP, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, CEP 13083-862 Campinas/SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Tercília Vilela de Azeredo-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas/UNESP - São José do Rio Preto/SP, Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265, CEP 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto/SP, Brazil
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas/UNESP - Araraquara/SP, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú, Km 1, CEP 14801-902 Araraquara/SP, Brazil
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15
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Kulikov AM, Mel’nikov AI, Gornostaev NG, Lazebny OE. Dominance status of shape of male genitalia in interspecific crosses of some Drosophila virilis group species. RUSS J GENET+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795413060069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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170 Years of "Lock-and-Key": Genital Morphology and Reproductive Isolation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 2011; 2012:247352. [PMID: 22263116 PMCID: PMC3235471 DOI: 10.1155/2012/247352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The divergent genital morphology observed among closely related animal species has long been posited as a mechanism of reproductive isolation. Despite the intuitive appeal that rapidly evolving genitalia might cause speciation, evidence for its importance—or even its potential—in reproductive isolation is mixed. Most tests of genital structural isolation between species often fail to find convincing evidence that differences in morphology prevent copulation or insemination between species. However, recent work suggests that differences in genital morphology might contribute to reproductive isolation in less obvious ways through interactions with sensory mechanisms that result in lowered reproductive fitness in heterospecific matings. In this paper, I present a brief history of the “lock-and-key” hypothesis, summarize the evidence for the involvement of genital morphology in different mechanisms of reproductive isolation, discuss progress in identifying the molecular and genetic bases of species differences in genital morphology, and discuss prospects for future work on the role of genitalia in speciation. L'armure copulatrice est un organe ou mieux un instrument ingénieusement compliqué, destiné à s'adapter aux parties sexuelles externes de la femelle pour l'accomplissement de l'acte copulatif; elle est la garantie de la conservation des types, la sauvegarde de la légitimité de l'espèce. [The copulation armor is an organ or better an instrument ingeniously complicated, destined to adapt to sexual parts external to the female for the completion of copulation; it is the guarantee of the preservation of the standards, the safeguard of the legitimacy of the species.] L. Dufour, 1844
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Schäfer MA, Routtu J, Vieira J, Hoikkala A, Ritchie MG, Schlötterer C. Multiple quantitative trait loci influence intra-specific variation in genital morphology between phylogenetically distinct lines of Drosophila montana. J Evol Biol 2011; 24:1879-86. [PMID: 21635604 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02316.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of animal genitalia has gained renewed interest because of their potential roles during sexual selection and early stages of species formation. Although central to understanding the evolutionary process, knowledge of the genetic basis of natural variation in genital morphology is limited to a very few species. Using an outbred cross between phylogenetically distinct lines of Drosophila montana, we characterized quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting the size and shape of the distiphallus, a prominent part of the male intromittent organ. Our microsatellite-based linkage analysis shows that intra-specific variation in the distiphallus involves several QTLs of largely additive effect and that a highly significant QTL co-localizes with the same inversion where we have earlier localized a large QTL for a sexually selected courtship song trait. The latter indicates that inversions can play an important role in shaping the evolution of rapidly evolving traits with a potential influence on speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Schäfer
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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SASABE MASATAKA, TAKAMI YASUOKI, SOTA TEIJI. QTL for the species-specific male and female genital morphologies in Ohomopterus ground beetles. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:5231-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04883.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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RYMER PAULD, MANNING JOHNC, GOLDBLATT PETER, POWELL MARTYNP, SAVOLAINEN VINCENT. Evidence of recent and continuous speciation in a biodiversity hotspot: a population genetic approach in southern African gladioli (
Gladiolus
; Iridaceae). Mol Ecol 2010; 19:4765-82. [PMID: 20735739 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04794.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- PAUL D. RYMER
- Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Jodrell Laboratory, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK
| | - JOHN C. MANNING
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - PETER GOLDBLATT
- Missouri Botanical Garden, PO Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166‐0299, USA
| | - MARTYN P. POWELL
- Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
| | - VINCENT SAVOLAINEN
- Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Jodrell Laboratory, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK
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Sota T, Nagata N. Diversification in a fluctuating island setting: rapid radiation of Ohomopterus ground beetles in the Japanese Islands. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008; 363:3377-90. [PMID: 18765360 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Japanese Islands have been largely isolated from the East Asian mainland since the Early Pleistocene, allowing the diversification of endemic lineages. Here, we explore speciation rates and historical biogeography of the ground beetles of the subgenus Ohomopterus (genus Carabus) based on nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences. Ohomopterus diverged into 15 species during the Pleistocene. The speciation rate was 1.92 Ma(-1) and was particularly fast (2.37 Ma(-1)) in a group with highly divergent genitalia. Speciation occurred almost solely within Honshu, the largest island with complex geography. Species diversity is highest in central Honshu, where closely related species occur parapatrically and different-sized species co-occur. Range expansion of some species in the past has resulted in such species assemblages. Introgressive hybridization, at least for mitochondrial DNA, has occurred repeatedly between species in contact, but has not greatly disturbed species distinctness. Small-island populations of some species were separated from main-island populations only after the last glacial (or the last interglacial) period, indicating that island isolation had little role in speciation. Thus, the speciation and formation of the Ohomopterus assemblage occurred despite frequent opportunities for secondary contact and hybridization and the lack of persistent isolation. This radiation was achieved without substantial ecological differentiation, but with marked differentiation in mechanical agents of reproductive isolation (body size and genital morphology).
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Affiliation(s)
- Teiji Sota
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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