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Spiga J, Pellicioli P, Manger SP, Duffy JA, Bravin A. Experimental benchmarking of Monte Carlo simulations for radiotherapy dosimetry using monochromatic X-ray beams in the presence of metal-based compounds. Phys Med 2019; 66:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2019.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Albers J, Pacilé S, Markus MA, Wiart M, Vande Velde G, Tromba G, Dullin C. X-ray-Based 3D Virtual Histology-Adding the Next Dimension to Histological Analysis. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:732-741. [PMID: 29968183 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Histology and immunohistochemistry of thin tissue sections have been the standard diagnostic procedure in many diseases for decades. This method is highly specific for particular tissue regions or cells, but mechanical sectioning of the specimens is required, which destroys the sample in the process and can lead to non-uniform tissue deformations. In addition, regions of interest cannot be located beforehand and the analysis is intrinsically two-dimensional. Micro X-ray computed tomography (μCT) on the other hand can provide 3D images at high resolution and allows for quantification of tissue structures, as well as the localization of small regions of interest. These advantages advocate the use of μCT for virtual histology tool with or without subsequent classical histology. This review summarizes the most recent examples of virtual histology and provides currently known possibilities of improving contrast and resolution of μCT. Following a background in μCT imaging, ex vivo staining procedures for contrast enhancement are presented as well as label-free virtual histology approaches and the technologies, which could rapidly advance it, such as phase-contrast CT. Novel approaches such as zoom tomography and nanoparticulate contrast agents will also be considered. The current evidence suggests that virtual histology may present a valuable addition to the workflow of histological analysis, potentially reducing the workload in pathology, refining tissue classification, and supporting the detection of small malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Albers
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Pacilé
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - M A Markus
- Translational Molecular Imaging, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Wiart
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500, Bron, France
| | - G Vande Velde
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Tromba
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Dullin
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. .,Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy. .,Translational Molecular Imaging, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
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Thomlinson W, Elleaume H, Porra L, Suortti P. K-edge subtraction synchrotron X-ray imaging in bio-medical research. Phys Med 2018; 49:58-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.04.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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4
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Lovric G, Mokso R, Arcadu F, Vogiatzis Oikonomidis I, Schittny JC, Roth-Kleiner M, Stampanoni M. Tomographic in vivo microscopy for the study of lung physiology at the alveolar level. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12545. [PMID: 28970505 PMCID: PMC5624921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lungs represent the essential part of the mammalian respiratory system, which is reflected in the fact that lung failure still is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Establishing the connection between macroscopic observations of inspiration and expiration and the processes taking place at the microscopic scale remains crucial to understand fundamental physiological and pathological processes. Here we demonstrate for the first time in vivo synchrotron-based tomographic imaging of lungs with pixel sizes down to a micrometer, enabling first insights into high-resolution lung structure. We report the methodological ability to study lung inflation patterns at the alveolar scale and its potential in resolving still open questions in lung physiology. As a first application, we identified heterogeneous distension patterns at the alveolar level and assessed first comparisons of lungs between the in vivo and immediate post mortem states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Lovric
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland. .,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Centre d'Imagerie BioMédicale, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Rajmund Mokso
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland.,Max IV Laboratory, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Filippo Arcadu
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Vogiatzis Oikonomidis
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland.,Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Matthias Roth-Kleiner
- Clinic of Neonatology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Stampanoni
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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Coles JA, Myburgh E, Brewer JM, McMenamin PG. Where are we? The anatomy of the murine cortical meninges revisited for intravital imaging, immunology, and clearance of waste from the brain. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 156:107-148. [PMID: 28552391 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rapid progress is being made in understanding the roles of the cerebral meninges in the maintenance of normal brain function, in immune surveillance, and as a site of disease. Most basic research on the meninges and the neural brain is now done on mice, major attractions being the availability of reporter mice with fluorescent cells, and of a huge range of antibodies useful for immunocytochemistry and the characterization of isolated cells. In addition, two-photon microscopy through the unperforated calvaria allows intravital imaging of the undisturbed meninges with sub-micron resolution. The anatomy of the dorsal meninges of the mouse (and, indeed, of all mammals) differs considerably from that shown in many published diagrams: over cortical convexities, the outer layer, the dura, is usually thicker than the inner layer, the leptomeninx, and both layers are richly vascularized and innervated, and communicate with the lymphatic system. A membrane barrier separates them and, in disease, inflammation can be localized to one layer or the other, so experimentalists must be able to identify the compartment they are studying. Here, we present current knowledge of the functional anatomy of the meninges, particularly as it appears in intravital imaging, and review their role as a gateway between the brain, blood, and lymphatics, drawing on information that is scattered among works on different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Coles
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davis Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom.
| | - Elmarie Myburgh
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - James M Brewer
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davis Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G McMenamin
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, School of Biomedical and Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 10 Chancellor's Walk, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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6
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Zhu Y, Samadi N, Martinson M, Bassey B, Wei Z, Belev G, Chapman D. SpectralK-edge subtraction imaging. Phys Med Biol 2014; 59:2485-503. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/10/2485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Walker C, Gupta S, Raj V, Siddiqui S, Brightling CE. Imaging advances in asthma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 5:453-65. [PMID: 23484630 DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2011.609886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma is a global burden, affecting 5% of the general adult population, with approximately 5 - 10% suffering from severe asthma. Severe asthma is a complex heterogeneous disease entity, with high morbidity and mortality. Recent years have seen the introduction of a vast array of new imaging technologies, which have provided the ability to comprehensively, non-invasively and functionally assess the lungs. These advances have resulted in a better understanding of the pathophysiology in severe asthma and have the unprecedented potential to unravel the structure-function relationship of severe asthma in the future. AREAS COVERED This review article chronologically describes the technological advances currently used and to be used in the future. The article covers pitfalls in imaging of the airways and lung parenchyma in asthma from chest x-rays, CT scans, MRI, confocal florescence endomicroscopy to computational fluid dynamics. EXPERT OPINION Novel qualitative and quantitative imaging techniques have enabled us to study the large airway architecture in detail, assess the small airway structure and perform functional or novel physiological evaluations. Despite spectacular advances in imaging techniques and the birth of new modalities, there is an urgent need for both proof-of-concept studies, large cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical trials in severe asthma to validate and clinically correlate imaging-derived measures. This will extend our current understanding of the pathophysiology of severe asthma, and unravel the structure-function relationship, with the potential to discover novel severe asthma phenotypes, predict mortality, morbidity and response to existing and novel pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Walker
- University of Leicester , Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection , Inflammation and Immunity, Leicester , UK
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How stereological analysis of vascular morphology can quantify the blood volume fraction as a marker for tumor vasculature: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2012; 32:489-501. [PMID: 22068227 PMCID: PMC3293112 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2011.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To assess angiogenesis noninvasively in a C6 rat brain tumor model, the rapid-steady-state-T(1) (RSST(1)) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method was used for microvascular blood volume fraction (BVf) quantification with a novel contrast agent gadolinium per (3,6 anhydro) α-cyclodextrin (Gd-ACX). In brain tissue contralateral to the tumor, equal BVfs were obtained with Gd-ACX and the clinically approved gadoterate meglumine (Gd-DOTA). Contrary to Gd-DOTA, which leaks out of the tumor vasculature, Gd-ACX was shown to remain vascular in the tumor tissue allowing quantification of the tumor BVf. We sought to confirm the obtained tumor BVf using an independent method: instead of using a 'standard' two-dimensional histologic method, we study here how vascular morphometry combined with a stereological technique can be used for three-dimensional assessment of the vascular volume fraction (V(V)). The V(V) is calculated from the vascular diameter and length density. First, the technique is evaluated on simulated data and the healthy rat brain vasculature and is then applied to the same C6 tumor vasculature previously quantified by RSST(1)-MRI with Gd-ACX. The mean perfused V(V) and the BVf obtained by MRI in tumor regions are practically equal and the technique confirms the spatial heterogeneity revealed by MRI.
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10
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Abstract
Significant advances continue in the subjective and quantifiable imaging features of asthma. Radiologists need to be aware of not only the general features, but also potential asthma mimics as well as complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyn Q Woods
- Division of Radiology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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Balvay D, Troprès I, Billet R, Joubert A, Péoc'h M, Cuenod CA, Le Duc G. Mapping the Zonal Organization of Tumor Perfusion and Permeability in a Rat Glioma Model by Using Dynamic Contrast-enhanced Synchrotron Radiation CT. Radiology 2009; 250:692-702. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2501071929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Adam JF, Bayat S, Porra L, Elleaume H, Estève F, Suortti P. QUANTITATIVE FUNCTIONAL IMAGING AND KINETIC STUDIES WITH HIGH-Z CONTRAST AGENTS USING SYNCHROTRON RADIATION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 36:95-106. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.05043.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bayat S, Porra L, Suhonen H, Janosi T, Strengell S, Habre W, Petak F, Hantos Z, Suortti P, Sovijärvi A. Imaging of lung function using synchrotron radiation computed tomography: what's new? Eur J Radiol 2008; 68:S78-83. [PMID: 18606518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in imaging techniques as non-invasive means of quantitatively measuring regional lung structure and function. Abnormalities in lung ventilation due to alterations in airway function such as those observed in asthma and COPD are highly heterogeneous, and experimental methods to study this heterogeneity are crucial for better understanding of disease mechanisms and drug targeting strategies. In severe obstructive diseases requiring mechanical ventilation, the optimal ventilatory strategy to achieve recruitment of poorly ventilated lung zones remains a matter of considerable debate. We have used synchrotron radiation computed tomography (SRCT) for the in vivo study of regional lung ventilation and airway function. This imaging technique allows direct quantification of stable Xenon (Xe) gas used as an inhaled contrast agent using K-edge subtraction imaging. Dynamics of Xe wash-in can be used to calculate quantitative maps of regional specific lung ventilation. More recently, the development of Spiral-CT has allowed the acquisition of 3D images of the pulmonary bronchial tree and airspaces. This technique gives access to quantitative measurements of regional lung volume, ventilation, and mechanical properties. Examples of application in an experimental model of allergic asthma and in imaging lung recruitment as a function of mechanical ventilation parameters will be presented. The future orientations of this technique will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Bayat
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Département de Physiologie, DMAG EA 3901, 3 Rue des Louvels, 80036 Amiens Cedex 1, France.
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15
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Barriers in the brain: a renaissance? Trends Neurosci 2008; 31:279-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2008.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Revised: 03/06/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Alric C, Taleb J, Le Duc G, Mandon C, Billotey C, Le Meur-Herland A, Brochard T, Vocanson F, Janier M, Perriat P, Roux S, Tillement O. Gadolinium chelate coated gold nanoparticles as contrast agents for both X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:5908-15. [PMID: 18407638 DOI: 10.1021/ja078176p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized gold nanoparticles were applied as contrast agents for both in vivo X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging. These particles were obtained by encapsulating gold cores within a multilayered organic shell which is composed of gadolinium chelates bound to each other through disulfide bonds. The contrast enhancement in MRI stems from the presence of gadolinium ions which are entrapped in the organic shell, whereas the gold core provides a strong X-ray absorption. This study revealed that these particles suited for dual modality imaging freely circulate in the blood vessels without undesirable accumulation in the lungs, spleen, and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Alric
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Luminescents, UMR 5620 CNRS-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Suhonen H, Porra L, Bayat S, Sovijärvi ARA, Suortti P. Simultaneousin vivosynchrotron radiation computed tomography of regional ventilation and blood volume in rabbit lung using combined K-edge and temporal subtraction. Phys Med Biol 2008; 53:775-91. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/53/3/016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Vérant P, Serduc R, Van Der Sanden B, Rémy C, Vial JC. A direct method for measuring mouse capillary cortical blood volume using multiphoton laser scanning microscopy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2007; 27:1072-81. [PMID: 17063147 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the blood volume per unit volume of brain tissue is important for understanding brain function in health and disease. We describe a direct method using two-photon laser scanning microscopy to obtain in vivo the local capillary blood volume in the cortex of anesthetized mouse. We infused fluorescent dyes in the circulating blood and imaged the blood vessels, including the capillaries, to a depth of 600 microm below the dura at the brain surface. Capillary cortical blood volume (CCBV) was calculated without any form recognition and segmentation, by normalizing the total fluorescence measured at each depth and integrating the collected intensities all over the stack. Theoretical justifications are presented and numerical simulations were performed to validate this method which was weakly sensitive to background noise. Then, CCBV had been estimated on seven healthy mice between 2%+/-0.3% and 2.4%+/-0.4%. We showed that this measure of CCBV is reproductible and that this method is highly sensitive to the explored zones in the cortex (vessel density and size). This method, which dispenses with form recognition, is rapid and would allow to study in vivo temporal and highly resolute spatial variations of CCBV under different conditions or stimulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Vérant
- CNRS, UMR5588, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique, Grenoble, France
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Sarnelli A, Elleaume H, Taibi A, Gambaccini M, Bravin A. K-edge digital subtraction imaging with dichromatic x-ray sources: SNR and dose studies. Phys Med Biol 2006; 51:4311-28. [PMID: 16912383 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/51/17/012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to analytically evaluate the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the delivered dose in K-edge digital subtraction imaging (KES) using two types of x-ray sources: a monochromatic x-ray source (available at synchrotron radiation facilities and considered as gold standard) and a quasi-monochromatic compact source. The energy separation DeltaE between the two monochromatic beams is 1 keV and 4 keV for the two sources, respectively. The evaluation has been performed for both radiography and computed tomography. Different geometries have been studied to mimic clinical situations. In mammography, a pathology perfused by a contrast agent has been modelled; in angiography, a vessel superimposed to a ventricle or a stand-alone artery stenosis has been studied. The SNR and the skin dose have been calculated as a function of the detail diameter, the contrast agent (iodine and gadolinium), and its concentration in the tissues. Results show that for DeltaE = 4 keV a slightly higher delivered dose is required to obtain the same SNR with respect to DeltaE < 1 keV. A similar study has been performed for KES-CT. Computer simulations of CT images performed with Snark software are shown to validate the analytical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sarnelli
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Horowitz, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France.
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