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Umino Y, Ipponjima S, Denda M. Polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene dimethyl ether (EPDME) random copolymer improves lipid structural ordering in stratum corneum of an epidermal-equivalent model as seen by two-photon microscopy. Skin Res Technol 2021; 27:632-638. [PMID: 33410546 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Topical application of polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene dimethyl ether (EPDME) random copolymer improves the barrier function of skin, whereas polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) are ineffective. The aim of this work was to examine the interaction between these polymers and lipid molecules in the stratum corneum in order to establish whether EPDME-specific changes in the structural ordering of lipids might account for the improvement of barrier function. METHODS We used two-photon microscopy to evaluate the effects of EPDME, PEG, and PPG on the structural ordering of lipids in an epidermal-equivalent model in terms of the fluorescence changes of Laurdan, a fluorescent dye that responds to changes of membrane fluidity. The generalized polarization (GP) value, a parameter that reflects lipid ordering, was measured at various depths from the surface of the stratum corneum. RESULTS EPDME increased the GP value to a depth of about 3 µm from the surface, indicating that lipid ordering was increased in this region, while PEG and PPG of the same molecular weight had no effect. Diffusion of Lucifer yellow into the epidermis was reduced after application of EPDME, indicating that the barrier function was improved. CONCLUSION These results support the view that EPDME improves barrier function by increasing the ordering of lipid structures in the stratum corneum. The methodology described here could be useful for screening new compounds that would improve the structural ordering of lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Umino
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sari Ipponjima
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Liu Y, Zhao F, Dun J, Qi X, Cao D. Lecithin/isopropyl myristate reverse micelles as transdermal insulin carriers: Experimental evaluation and molecular dynamics simulation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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NAKAGAWA K, MINAKAWA S, SAWAMURA D. X-band EPR Spectroscopic Investigation of Seborrheic Keratosis. ANAL SCI 2019; 35:1027-1030. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi NAKAGAWA
- Division of Regional Innovation, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University
| | - Satoko MINAKAWA
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University
| | - Daisuke SAWAMURA
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University
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NAKAGAWA K, MINAKAWA S, ITABASHI C, SAWAMURA D. Investigation of Paraffin-embedded Basal Cell Carcinoma Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance. ANAL SCI 2019; 35:265-269. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18p367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi NAKAGAWA
- Division of Regional Innovation, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University
| | - Satoko MINAKAWA
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University
| | - Chieko ITABASHI
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University
| | - Daisuke SAWAMURA
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University
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Yarovoy Y, Drutis DM, Hancewicz TM, Garczarek U, Ananthapadmanabhan KP, Misra M. Quantification of Lipid Phase Order of In Vivo Human Skin Using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Spectroscopy and Multivariate Curve Resolution Analysis. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 73:182-194. [PMID: 30353745 DOI: 10.1177/0003702818812738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new analysis methodology utilizing multivariate curve resolution (MCR) has been successfully combined with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) measurement of in vivo human skin to resolve lipid phase constituents in the spectra relative to high and low chain ordering. A clinical study was performed to measure lipid order through different depths of stratum corneum of human subjects. Fourier transform IR spectra were collected through the top 10 layers of the skin on four sites on the left and right forearm of 12 individuals. Depth profiling was achieved by tape stripping to remove layers of skin with 10 successive tapes from each site. In vivo ATR FT-IR spectra were collected after removing each tape. Three isolated spectral regions were analyzed, centered around 2850 cm-1, 1460-1480 cm-1, and 730 cm-1, corresponding to stretching, scissoring, and rocking -CH2 vibrational modes, respectively. Both traditional lipid conformation analysis and MCR analysis were performed on the same spectral data. The lipid order ratio, expressed as the fraction of highly ordered orthorhombic (OR) lipids to the total lipids content (orthorhombic + hexagonal [HEX] + liquid crystal [LC]), was assessed as function of depth. Lipid order depth profiles (LODP) show an increase in order with the stratum corneum depth which can be adequately described by an exponential function for the data obtained in this study. The LODP derived from the three vibrational modes show very similar trends, although the absolute order ratios are somewhat different. The variance of the skin LODP across individuals is much greater than between sites within the same individual. The higher arm sites closer to the elbow on the left and right arm show no statistically significant difference and are recommended for use in comparative studies. The scissoring mode shows the highest sensitivity for determination of LODP value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Yarovoy
- 1 Unilever Research & Development, Trumbull, CT, USA
| | - Dane M Drutis
- 1 Unilever Research & Development, Trumbull, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Manoj Misra
- 1 Unilever Research & Development, Trumbull, CT, USA
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Nakagawa K, Minakawa S, Sawamura D, Hara H. Characterization of Melanin Radicals in Paraffin-embedded Malignant Melanoma and Nevus Pigmentosus Using X-band EPR and EPR Imaging. ANAL SCI 2018; 33:1357-1361. [PMID: 29225224 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.33.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW EPR) and X-band (9 GHz) EPR imaging (EPRI) were used to nondestructively investigate the possible differentiation between malignant melanoma (MM) and nevus pigmentosus (NP) melanin radicals in paraffin-embedded specimens. The EPR spectra of both samples were analyzed using linewidth, spectral pattern, and X-band EPRI. The CW-EPR spectra of the MM showed an additional signal overlap. Eumelanin- and pheomelanin-related radicals were observed in the MM specimens. The EPR results revealed that the peak-to-peak linewidths (ΔHpp) of paraffin-embedded MM and NP samples were 0.65 ± 0.01 and 0.69 ± 0.01 mT, respectively. The g-value was 2.005 for both samples. Moreover, the two-dimensional (2D) EPRI of the MM showed different signal intensities at the different tumor stages, unlike the NP, which displayed fewer variations in signal intensity. Thus, the present results suggest that EPR and 2D EPRI can be useful for characterization of the two melanin radicals in the MM and for determination of their size and concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Nakagawa
- Division of Regional Innovation, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University
| | - Satoko Minakawa
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University
| | - Daisuke Sawamura
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University
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Cadavona JJP, Zhu H, Hui X, Jung EC, Maibach HI. Depth-dependent stratum corneum permeability in human skinin vitro. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:1207-13. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanjiang Zhu
- Department of Dermatology; University of California; San Francisco CA 94143-0989 USA
| | - Xiaoying Hui
- Department of Dermatology; University of California; San Francisco CA 94143-0989 USA
| | - Eui-Chang Jung
- Department of Dermatology; University of California; San Francisco CA 94143-0989 USA
| | - Howard I. Maibach
- Department of Dermatology; University of California; San Francisco CA 94143-0989 USA
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Nakagawa K, Minakawa S, Sawamura D, Hara H. Skin surface imaging of psoriasis vulgaris by using an electron paramagnetic resonance spin probe. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 81:71-3. [PMID: 26493103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Nakagawa
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan.
| | - Satoko Minakawa
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sawamura
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hara
- Application, Bruker BioSpin K. K., 3-9, Moriya-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-0022, Japan
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Doucet J, Potter A, Baltenneck C, Domanov YA. Micron-scale assessment of molecular lipid organization in human stratum corneum using microprobe X-ray diffraction. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:2380-8. [PMID: 25180243 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m053389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid and protein components of the stratum corneum (SC) are organized in complex supramolecular arrangements. Exploring spatial relations between various possible substructures is important for understanding the barrier function of this uppermost layer of epidermis. Here, we report the first study where micro-focus X-ray scattering was used for assessing fine structural variations of the human skin barrier with micrometer resolution. We found that the scattering profiles were unchanged when scanning in the direction parallel to the SC surface. Furthermore, small-angle scattering profiles did not change as a function of depth in the SC, confirming that the lipid lamellar spacings remained the same throughout the SC. However, the wide-angle scattering data showed that the orthorhombic phase was more abundant in the middle layers of the SC, whereas the hexagonal phase dominated in the surface layers both at the external and the lowest part of the SC; i.e., the lipids were most tightly packed in the middle region of the SC. Taken together, our results demonstrate that microprobe X-ray diffraction provides abundant information about spatial variations of the SC lipid structure and thus may be a promising tool for assessing the effects of topical formulations on the barrier function of skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Doucet
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France Phi-Axis, Antony, France
| | - Anne Potter
- Skin Biophysics Laboratory, L'Oréal Research & Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Carine Baltenneck
- Skin Biophysics Laboratory, L'Oréal Research & Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Yegor A Domanov
- Skin Biophysics Laboratory, L'Oréal Research & Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
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Lin TK, Crumrine D, Ackerman LD, Santiago JL, Roelandt T, Uchida Y, Hupe M, Fabriàs G, Abad JL, Rice RH, Elias PM. Cellular changes that accompany shedding of human corneocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:2430-2439. [PMID: 22739796 PMCID: PMC3447115 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Corneocyte desquamation has been ascribed to either: 1) proteolytic degradation of corneodesmosomes (CD); 2) disorganization of extracellular lamellar bilayers; and/or 3) ‘swell-shrinkage-slough’ (SSS) from hydration/dehydration. To address the cellular basis for normal exfoliation, we compared changes in lamellar bilayer architecture and CD structure in DSquame® strips from the 1st vs. 5th stripping (‘outer’ vs. ‘mid’-stratum corneum [SC], respectively) from 9 normal adult forearms. Strippings were either processed for standard EM or for ruthenium (Ru-V)- or osmium-tetroxide (Os-V) vapor fixation, followed by immediate epoxy embedment, an artifact-free protocol that to our knowledge is previously unreported. CDs are largely intact in the mid-SC, but replaced by electron-dense (hydrophilic) clefts (lacunae) that expand laterally, splitting lamellar arrays in the outer SC. Some undegraded DSG1/DSC1 redistribute uniformly into corneocyte envelopes (CEs) in the outer SC (shown by proteomics, Z-stack confocal imaging and immunoEM). CEs then thicken, likely facilitating exfoliation by increasing corneocyte rigidity. In vapor-fixed images, hydration only altered the volume of the extracellular compartment, expanding lacunae further separating membrane arrays. During dehydration, air replaced water, maintaining the expanded extracellular compartment. Hydration also provoked degradation of membranes by activating contiguous acidic ceramidase activity. Together, these studies identify several parallel mechanisms that orchestrate exfoliation from the surface of normal human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Kai Lin
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Service, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Debra Crumrine
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Service, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Larry D Ackerman
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Service, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Juan-Luis Santiago
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Service, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Dermatology, Hospital General de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Truus Roelandt
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Service, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yoshikazu Uchida
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Service, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Melanie Hupe
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Service, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gemma Fabriàs
- Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose L Abad
- Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert H Rice
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Peter M Elias
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Service, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
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Spectroscopic evidence of abnormal structure of psoriasis vulgaris stratum corneum. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 65:222-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Nakagawa K, Anzai K. Stratum Corneum Lipid Structure Investigated by EPR Spin-Probe Method: Application of Terpenes. Lipids 2010; 45:1081-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-010-3479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Nakagawa
- RI Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
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Watanabe H, Obata Y, Onuki Y, Ishida K, Takayama K. Novel Preparation of Intercellular Lipid Models of the Stratum Corneum Containing Stereoactive Ceramide. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2010; 58:312-7. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.58.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Investigation of Stratum Corneum Lipid Structure. Lipids 2009; 45:91-6. [PMID: 20049585 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-009-3374-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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