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Gajdhane SB, Bhagwat PK, Dandge PB. Response surface methodology-based optimization of production media and purification of α-galactosidase in solid-state fermentation by Fusarium moniliforme NCIM 1099. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:260. [PMID: 28330332 PMCID: PMC5148754 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Response surface methodology was used to enhance the production of α-galactosidase from Fusarium moniliforme NCIM 1099 in solid-state fermentation. Plackett–Burman design was employed for selection of critical media constituents which were optimized by central composite rotatable design. Wheat bran, peptone and FeSO4·7H2O were identified as significant medium components using PB design. Further CCRD optimized medium components as wheat bran; 4.62 μg, peptone; 315.42 μg, FeSO4·7H2O; 9.04 μg. RSM methodological optimization increased the enzyme production from 13.17 to 207.33 U/g showing 15.74-fold enhancement. The α-galactosidase was purified by 70% fractionation followed by DEAE anion exchange column chromatography which yields 23.33% with 28.68-fold purification. The molecular weight of α-galactosidase was 57 kDa which was determined by SDS-PAGE analysis. Purified enzyme has optimum pH of 4.0 and was found to be stable in wide pH range of 3.0–9.0. Its optimum temperature was 50 °C, whereas its activity remains above 50% up to 2 h at 75 °C. Hg2+ was found to be a potent inhibitor and Mg2+ acted as an activator of enzyme. No significant change was observed in enzyme activity for galactose concentration, ranging from 1 to 100 mM. The Km values of enzyme for substrates p-nitrophenyl-α-d-galactopyranoside, melibiose and raffinose were 0.20, 1.36, and 3.66 mM, respectively. Low Km and stability to various physiological conditions of enzyme represents its potential which can be exploited in various industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjivani B Gajdhane
- Department of Microbiology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant K Bhagwat
- Department of Microbiology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Padma B Dandge
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra, India.
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Chen Z, Yan Q, Jiang Z, Liu Y, Li Y. High-level expression of a novel α-galactosidase gene from Rhizomucor miehei in Pichia pastoris and characterization of the recombinant enyzme. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 110:107-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Djambaski P, Aleksieva P, Emanuilova E, Chernev G, Spasova D, Nacheva L, Kabaivanova L, Salvado IM, Samuneva B. Sol-Gel Nanomaterials with Algal Heteropolysaccharide for Immobilization of Microbial Cells, Producing A-Galactosidase and Nitrilase. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2009.10817652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Immobilization in Nanomatrices of Humicola Lutea Mycelium for Alpha-Galactosidase Biosynthesis in Laboratory Air-Lift Bioreactor. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/v10133-010-0041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Analysis of an ethanol precipitate from ileal digesta: evaluation of a method to determine mucin. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3145. [PMID: 24192816 PMCID: PMC6505962 DOI: 10.1038/srep03145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The precipitation of mucin using high concentrations of ethanol has been used by many researchers while others have questioned the validity of the technique. In this study, analysis of an ethanol precipitate, from the soluble fraction of ileal digesta from pigs was undertaken using molecular weight profiling and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The precipitate contained 201 mg·g-1 protein, 87% of which had a molecular weight >20 KDa. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis stained with Coomassie blue and periodic acid/Schiff, revealed that most glycoprotein had a molecular weight between 37–100 KDa. The molecular weight of glycoprotein in the precipitate was therefore lower than that of intact mucin. These observations indicated that the glycoprotein in the ethanol precipitate was significantly degraded. The large amount of protein and carbohydrate in the supernatant from ethanol precipitation indicated that the precipitation of glycoprotein was incomplete. As a method for determining the concentration of mucin in digesta, ethanol precipitation is unreliable.
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Katrolia P, Rajashekhara E, Yan Q, Jiang Z. Biotechnological potential of microbial α-galactosidases. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 34:307-17. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.794124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Du F, Zhu M, Wang H, Ng T. Purification and characterization of an α-galactosidase from Phaseolus coccineus seeds showing degrading capability on raffinose family oligosaccharides. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 69:49-53. [PMID: 23727589 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An acidic α-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22) designated as Phaseolus coccineus seeds galactosidase (PCG) was purified from P. coccineus seeds using ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE- and CM-cellulose, Q- and SP-Sepharose and gel filtration on Superdex 75. The molecular weight of PCG was 43 kDa as judged by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration. Two inner peptides of PCG were sequenced by MALDI-TOF-MS. The optimum pH and temperature was 3.0 and 70 °C, respectively but was stable up to 60 °C for 30 min. The enzyme activity was inhibited by NBS signifying the pivotal role played by tryptophan in the catalytic activity of the enzyme. The Km for hydrolysis of pNPGal was 0.0025 mM. Besides hydrolyzing pNPGal, α-galactosidases also hydrolyzed natural substrates such as melibiose, raffinose and stachyose. Hence it can be exploited commercially for improving the nutritional value of soymilk. Thus the PCG has great potential in the feed industries for removal of non-digestible oligosaccharide from legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Katrolia P, Jia H, Yan Q, Song S, Jiang Z, Xu H. Characterization of a protease-resistant α-galactosidase from the thermophilic fungus Rhizomucor miehei and its application in removal of raffinose family oligosaccharides. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 110:578-586. [PMID: 22349190 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The α-galactosidase gene, RmGal36, from Rhizomucor miehei was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The gene has an open reading frame of 2256bp encoding 751 amino acid residues. RmGal36 was optimally active at pH 4.5 and 60°C, but is stable between pH 4.5 and 10.0 and at a temperature of up to 55°C for 30min retaining more than 80% of its relative activity. It displayed remarkable resistance to proteases and its activity was not inhibited by galactose concentrations of 100mM. The relative specificity of RmGal36 towards various substrates is in the order of p-nitrophenyl α-galactopyranoside>melibiose>stachyose>raffinose, with a K(m) of 0.36, 16.9, 27.6, and 47.9mM, respectively. The enzyme completely hydrolyzed raffinose and stachyose present in soybeans and kidney beans at 50°C within 60min. These features make RmGal36 useful in the food and feed industries and in processing of beet-sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Katrolia
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Saad RR, Fawzi EM. Purification and characterization of a thermostable α-galactosidase from Thielavia terrestris NRRL 8126 in solid state fermentation. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2012; 63:138-50. [PMID: 22453806 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.63.2012.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Several seeds and husks of some plants belonging to leguminosae, Graminae, Compositae and Palmae were evaluated as carbon substrates to produce α-galactosidase (α-Gal) by the thermophilic fungus, Thielavia terrestris NRRL 8126 in solid substrate fermentation. The results showed that Cicer arietinum (chick pea seed) was the best substrate for α-Gal production. The crude enzyme was precipitated by ammonium sulphate (60%) and purified by gel filtration on sephadex G-100 followed by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Cellulose. The final purification fold of the enzyme was 30.42. The temperature and pH optima of purified α-Gal from Thielavia terrestris were 70 °C and 6.5, respectively. The enzyme showed high thermal stability at 70 °C and 75 °C and the half-life of the α-Gal at 90 °C was 45 min. Km of the purified enzyme was 1.31 mM. The purified enzyme was inhibited by Ag2+, Hg2+, Zn2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, Mn2+ and Fe2+ at 5 mM and 10 mM. Also, EDTA, sodium arsenate, L-cysteine and iodoacetate inhibited the enzyme activity. On the other hand, Ca2+, Cu2+, K+ and Na+ slightly enhanced the enzyme activity at 5 mM while at 10 mM they caused inhibition. The molecular weight of the α-Gal was estimated to be 82 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This enzyme displays a number of biochemical properties that make it a potentially strong candidate for biotechnological and medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawia R Saad
- Biological & Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Roxy, Cairo Egypt
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Ferreira JG, Reis AP, Guimarães VM, Falkoski DL, Fialho LDS, de Rezende ST. Purification and characterization of Aspergillus terreus α-galactosidases and their use for hydrolysis of soymilk oligosaccharides. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 164:1111-25. [PMID: 21331589 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
α-Galactosidases has the potential to hydrolyze α-1-6 linkages in raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO). Aspergillus terreus cells cultivated on wheat bran produced three extracellular forms of α-galactosidases (E1, E2, and E3). E1 and E2 α-galactosidases presented maximal activities at pH 5, while E3 α-galactosidase was more active at pH 5.5. The E1 and E2 enzymes showed stability for 6 h at pH 4-7. Maximal activities were determined at 60, 55, and 50 °C, for E1, E2, and E3 α-galactosidase, respectively. E2 α-galactosidase retained 90% of its initial activity after 70 h at 50 °C. The enzymes hydrolyzed ρNPGal, melibiose, raffinose and stachyose, and E1 and E2 enzymes were able to hydrolyze guar gum and locust bean gum substrates. E1 and E3 α-galactosidases were completely inhibited by Hg²⁺, Ag⁺, and Cu²⁺. The treatment of RFO present in soy milk with the enzymes showed that E1 α-galactosidase reduced the stachyose content to zero after 12 h of reaction, while E2 promoted total hydrolysis of raffinose. The complete removal of the oligosaccharides in soy milk could be reached by synergistic action of both enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gasperazzo Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36.570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Miner-Williams W, Moughan PJ, Fuller MF. Methods for mucin analysis: a comparative study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:6029-6035. [PMID: 19610201 DOI: 10.1021/jf901036r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to compare five techniques commonly used to quantify mucin concentrations in ileal digesta collected from three growing pigs that had been fed a diet in which the sole protein was casein. Ileal mucin output was estimated by the periodic acid-Schiff, ethanol precipitation, and phenol-sulfuric acid methods as 25.1, 19.3, and 20.7 g kg-1 of dry matter intake (DMI), respectively. The mucin concentration estimated from sialic acid was only 5.9 g kg-1 of DMI. On the basis of the concentrations of the hexosamines N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine, mucin output was estimated as 44.9 g kg-1 pf DMI. Of the five assays studied, the ethanol precipitation, periodic acid-Schiff, phenol-sulfuric acid, and sialic acid methods may considerably underestimate mucin in the digesta, which calls into question the accuracy of all of these approaches. In contrast, the gas chromatography method for the determination of hexosamines gave more information on the type and state of the mucin present.
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Dhananjay SK, Mulimani VH. Three-phase partitioning of alpha-galactosidase from fermented media of Aspergillus oryzae and comparison with conventional purification techniques. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 36:123-8. [PMID: 18846399 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-008-0479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Simple, attractive and versatile technique, three-phase partitioning (TPP) was used to purify alpha-galactosidase from fermented media of Aspergillus oryzae. The various conditions required for attaining efficient purification of the alpha-galactosidase fractions were optimized. The addition of n-butanol, t-butanol, and isopropanol in the presence of ammonium sulfate pushes the protein out of the solution to form an interfacial precipitate layer between the lower aqueous and upper organic layers. The single step of three-phase partitioning, by saturating final concentration of ammonium sulfate (60%) with 1:1 t-butanol, gave activity recovery of 92% with 12-fold purification at second phase of TPP. The final purified enzyme after TPP showed considerable purification on SDS-PAGE with a molecular weight of 64 kDa. The enzyme after TPP showed improved activity in organic solvents. Results are compared with conventional established processes for the purification of alpha-galactosidase produced by Aspergillus oryzae and overall the proposed TPP technique resulted in 70% reduction of purification cost compared to conventional chromatographic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Dhananjay
- Department of Biochemistry, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, Karnataka, 585106, India.
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Bae HC, Choi JW, Nam MS. Purification and Characterization of α-Galactosidase from Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius Nam27. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2007. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2007.27.1.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Immobilization of Aspergillus oryzae α-galactosidase in gelatin and its application in removal of flatulence-inducing sugars in soymilk. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-006-9343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Modeling of the simultaneous hydrolysis–ultrafiltration of whey permeate by a thermostable β-galactosidase from Aspergillus niger. Biochem Eng J 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2005.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Gote M, Umalkar H, Khan I, Khire J. Thermostable α-galactosidase from Bacillus stearothermophilus (NCIM 5146) and its application in the removal of flatulence causing factors from soymilk. Process Biochem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2003.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Onal S, Telefoncu A. Preparation and properties of alpha-galactosidase chemically attached to activated chitin. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, BLOOD SUBSTITUTES, AND IMMOBILIZATION BIOTECHNOLOGY 2003; 31:339-55. [PMID: 12906314 DOI: 10.1081/bio-120023163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
alpha-Galactosidase (alpha-D-galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.22) from watermelon was covalently immobilized on chitin. The immobilized alpha-galactosidase exhibited an activity of 0.61 U per g of carrier and an activity yield of 67%. The properties of free and immobilized alpha-galactosidase were also searched and compared. The results showed that, optimum conditions for activity were not affected by immobilization. The optimum pH and temperature for free and immobilized enzyme found as pH 6.0 and 65 degress C, respectively. Compared with the free enzyme, the temperature and pH stabilities of the immobilized enzyme were similar. Both the enzymes were stable between pH 2-10 and below 50 degrees C. The Km values for free and immobilized enzyme were determined using p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside (PNPG) and raffinose as substrates. Operational stability of the immobilized enzyme was investigated by using both substrates. The operational half-life (t 1/2) was calculated as 34 h for PNPG and 28 h for raffinose. The immobilized alpha-galactosidase was also utilized in the hydrolysis of raffinose. The immobilization procedure on chitin was cheap and also easy to carry out, and the immobilized enzyme had good properties that the potential for practical application is considerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seçil Onal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey.
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Enzymic degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides in soymilk by immobilized α-galactosidase from Gibberella fujikuroi. Process Biochem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(02)00010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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