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β-Xylosidase SRBX1 Activity from Sporisorium reilianum and Its Synergism with Xylanase SRXL1 in Xylose Release from Corn Hemicellulose. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121295. [PMID: 36547628 PMCID: PMC9781407 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sposisorium reilianum is the causal agent of corn ear smut disease. Eleven genes have been identified in its genome that code for enzymes that could constitute its hemicellulosic system, three of which have been associated with two Endo-β-1,4-xylanases and one with α-L-arabinofuranosidase activity. In this study, the native protein extracellular with β-xylosidase activity, called SRBX1, produced by this basidiomycete was analyzed by performing production kinetics and its subsequent purification by gel filtration. The enzyme was characterized biochemically and sequenced. Finally, its synergism with Xylanase SRXL1 was determined. Its activity was higher in a medium with corn hemicellulose and glucose as carbon sources. The purified protein was a monomer associated with the sr16700 gene, with a molecular weight of 117 kDa and optimal activity at 60 °C in a pH range of 4-7, which had the ability to hydrolyze the ρ-nitrophenyl β-D-xylanopyranoside and ρ-Nitrophenyl α-L-arabinofuranoside substrates. Its activity was strongly inhibited by silver ions and presented Km and Vmax values of 2.5 mM and 0.2 μmol/min/mg, respectively, using ρ-nitrophenyl β-D-xylanopyranoside as a substrate. The enzyme degrades corn hemicellulose and birch xylan in combination and in sequential synergism with the xylanase SRXL1.
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β-Xylosidases: Structural Diversity, Catalytic Mechanism, and Inhibition by Monosaccharides. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225524. [PMID: 31698702 PMCID: PMC6887791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylan, a prominent component of cellulosic biomass, has a high potential for degradation into reducing sugars, and subsequent conversion into bioethanol. This process requires a range of xylanolytic enzymes. Among them, β-xylosidases are crucial, because they hydrolyze more glycosidic bonds than any of the other xylanolytic enzymes. They also enhance the efficiency of the process by degrading xylooligosaccharides, which are potent inhibitors of other hemicellulose-/xylan-converting enzymes. On the other hand, the β-xylosidase itself is also inhibited by monosaccharides that may be generated in high concentrations during the saccharification process. Structurally, β-xylosidases are diverse enzymes with different substrate specificities and enzyme mechanisms. Here, we review the structural diversity and catalytic mechanisms of β-xylosidases, and discuss their inhibition by monosaccharides.
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Carvalho DRD, Carli S, Meleiro LP, Rosa JC, Oliveira AHCD, Jorge JA, Furriel RPM. A halotolerant bifunctional β-xylosidase/α-l-arabinofuranosidase from Colletotrichum graminicola: Purification and biochemical characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:741-750. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Duque E, Daddaoua A, Cordero BF, Udaondo Z, Molina‐Santiago C, Roca A, Solano J, Molina‐Alcaide E, Segura A, Ramos J. Ruminal metagenomic libraries as a source of relevant hemicellulolytic enzymes for biofuel production. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:781-787. [PMID: 29663699 PMCID: PMC6011990 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of second-generation (2G) ethanol technology relies on the efficient transformation of hemicellulose into monosaccharides and, particularly, on the full conversion of xylans into xylose for over 18% of fermentable sugars. We sought new hemicellulases using ruminal liquid, after enrichment of microbes with industrial lignocellulosic substrates and preparation of metagenomic libraries. Among 150 000 fosmid clones tested, we identified 22 clones with endoxylanase activity and 125 with β-xylosidase activity. These positive clones were sequenced en masse, and the analysis revealed open reading frames with a low degree of similarity with known glycosyl hydrolases families. Among them, we searched for enzymes that were thermostable (activity at > 50°C) and that operate at high rate at pH around 5. Upon a wide series of assays, the clones exhibiting the highest endoxylanase and β-xylosidase activities were identified. The fosmids were sequenced, and the corresponding genes cloned, expressed and proteins purified. We found that the activity of the most active β-xylosidase was at least 10-fold higher than that in commercial enzymatic fungal cocktails. Endoxylanase activity was in the range of fungal enzymes. Fungal enzymatic cocktails supplemented with the bacterial hemicellulases exhibited enhanced release of sugars from pretreated sugar cane straw, a relevant agricultural residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estrella Duque
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC)Calle Profesor Albareda, 118008GranadaSpain
- Department of BiotechnologyAbengoa ResearchCampus Palmas Altas, Avenida de la Energia 141014SevilleSpain
| | - Abdelali Daddaoua
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC)Calle Profesor Albareda, 118008GranadaSpain
- Faculty of PharmacyDepartment of PharmacologyUniversity of Granada18071GranadaSpain
| | - Baldo F. Cordero
- Department of BiotechnologyAbengoa ResearchCampus Palmas Altas, Avenida de la Energia 141014SevilleSpain
| | - Zulema Udaondo
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC)Calle Profesor Albareda, 118008GranadaSpain
- Department of BiotechnologyAbengoa ResearchCampus Palmas Altas, Avenida de la Energia 141014SevilleSpain
| | - Carlos Molina‐Santiago
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC)Calle Profesor Albareda, 118008GranadaSpain
- Department of BiotechnologyAbengoa ResearchCampus Palmas Altas, Avenida de la Energia 141014SevilleSpain
| | - Amalia Roca
- BioIliberis R&DPolígono JuncarilCalle Capileira 718220AlboloteGranadaSpain
| | - Jennifer Solano
- BioIliberis R&DPolígono JuncarilCalle Capileira 718220AlboloteGranadaSpain
| | | | - Ana Segura
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC)Calle Profesor Albareda, 118008GranadaSpain
- Department of BiotechnologyAbengoa ResearchCampus Palmas Altas, Avenida de la Energia 141014SevilleSpain
| | - Juan‐Luis Ramos
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC)Calle Profesor Albareda, 118008GranadaSpain
- Department of BiotechnologyAbengoa ResearchCampus Palmas Altas, Avenida de la Energia 141014SevilleSpain
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Boyce A, Walsh G. Purification and Characterisation of a Thermostable β-Xylosidase from Aspergillus niger van Tieghem of Potential Application in Lignocellulosic Bioethanol Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 186:712-730. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2761-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Purification and characterization of novel bi-functional GH3 family β-xylosidase/β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger ADH-11. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 109:1260-1269. [PMID: 29174354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
β-Xylosidase plays an important role in xylan degradation by relieving the end product inhibition of endo-xylanase caused by xylo-oligosaccharides. β-Xylosidase has a wide range of applications in food, feed, paper and pulp, pharmaceutical industries and in bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass. Hence, in the present study focused on purification, biochemical characterization and partial sequencing of purified β-xylosidase from xylanolytic strain Aspergillus niger ADH-11. Acetone precipitation followed by GPC using Sephacryl S-200 yielded 20.59-fold purified β-xylosidase with 58.30% recovery. SDS-PAGE analysis of purified β-xylosidase relieved a monomeric subunit with a molecular weight 120.48kDa. Kinetic parameters of purified β-xylosidase viz Km, Vmax, Kcat and catalytic efficiency were assessed. Purified β-xylosidase was additionally active on p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside substrate also. Moreover, peptide mass fingerprinting analysis support our biochemical studies and showed that the purified protein is a novel β-xylosidase with β-glucosidase activity and belongs to the bi-functional GH3 superfamily. Besides, tolerance of purified β-xylosidase towards glucose and xylose was also assessed.
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7
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Kumar S, Arumugam N, Permaul K, Singh S. Chapter 5 Thermostable Enzymes and Their Industrial Applications. Microb Biotechnol 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315367880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
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Mhetras N, Liddell S, Gokhale D. Purification and characterization of an extracellular β-xylosidase from Pseudozyma hubeiensis NCIM 3574 (PhXyl), an unexplored yeast. AMB Express 2016; 6:73. [PMID: 27637943 PMCID: PMC5023640 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports on the production of β-xylosidase from an unexplored yeast, Pseudozyma hubeinsis. The expression of this enzyme could be induced by beech wood xylan when the yeast was grown at 27 °C. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity as a glycoprotein with 23 % glycosylation. The purification protocol involved ammonium sulphate precipitation, QAE-Sephadex A50 ion exchange chromatography and sephacryl-200 column chromatography which resulted in 8.3-fold purification with 53.12 % final recovery. The purified enzyme showed prominent single band on SDS-PAGE. It is a monomeric protein of 110 kDa molecular weight confirmed by SDS-PAGE followed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (112.3 kDa). The enzyme was optimally active at 60 °C and pH 4.5 and stable at pH range (4–9) and at 50 °C for 4 h. Chemical modification studies revealed that active site of the purified enzyme comprised of carboxyl, tyrosine and tryptophan residues. The carboxyl residue is involved in catalysis and tryptophan residue is solely involved in substrate binding. The best match from the search of the NCBInr database was with gi|808364558 glycoside hydrolase of Pseudozyma hubeiensis SY62 with 26 % sequence coverage confirming that it is a glycoside hydrolase/beta-glucosidase. From the search of customized SWISSPROT database, it was revealed that SWISSPROT does not contain any entries that are similar to the purified enzyme.
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Novel pH-Stable Glycoside Hydrolase Family 3 β-Xylosidase from Talaromyces amestolkiae: an Enzyme Displaying Regioselective Transxylosylation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:6380-92. [PMID: 26150469 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01744-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports on a novel β-xylosidase from the hemicellulolytic fungus Talaromyces amestolkiae. The expression of this enzyme, called BxTW1, could be induced by beechwood xylan and was purified as a glycoprotein from culture supernatants. We characterized the gene encoding this enzyme as an intronless gene belonging to the glycoside hydrolase gene family 3 (GH3). BxTW1 exhibited transxylosylation activity in a regioselective way. This feature would allow the synthesis of oligosaccharides or other compounds not available from natural sources, such as alkyl glycosides displaying antimicrobial or surfactant properties. Regioselective transxylosylation, an uncommon combination, makes the synthesis reproducible, which is desirable for its potential industrial application. BxTW1 showed high pH stability and Cu(2+) tolerance. The enzyme displayed a pI of 7.6, a molecular mass around 200 kDa in its active dimeric form, and Km and Vmax values of 0.17 mM and 52.0 U/mg, respectively, using commercial p-nitrophenyl-β-d-xylopyranoside as the substrate. The catalytic efficiencies for the hydrolysis of xylooligosaccharides were remarkably high, making it suitable for different applications in food and bioenergy industries.
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Benassi VM, de Lucas RC, Jorge JA, Polizeli MDLTDM. Screening of thermotolerant and thermophilic fungi aiming β-xylosidase and arabinanase production. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 45:1459-67. [PMID: 25763055 PMCID: PMC4323324 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000400042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cell wall is mainly composed by cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The heterogeneous structure and composition of the hemicellulose are key impediments to its depolymerization and subsequent use in fermentation processes. Thus, this study aimed to perform a screening of thermophilic and thermotolerant filamentous fungi collected from different regions of the São Paulo state, and analyze the production of β-xylosidase and arabinanase at different temperatures. These enzymes are important to cell wall degradation and synthesis of end products as xylose and arabinose, respectively, which are significant sugars to fermentation and ethanol production. A total of 12 fungal species were analyzed and 9 of them grew at 45 °C, suggesting a thermophilic or thermotolerant character. Additionally Aspergillus thermomutatus anamorph of Neosartorya and A. parasiticus grew at 50 °C. Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus thermomutatus were the filamentous fungi with the most expressive production of β-xylosidase and arabinanase, respectively. In general for most of the tested microorganisms, β-xylosidase and arabinanase activities from mycelial extract (intracellular form) were higher in cultures grown at high temperatures (35–40 °C), while the correspondent extracellular activities were favorably secreted from cultures at 30 °C. This study contributes to catalogue isolated fungi of the state of São Paulo, and these findings could be promising sources for thermophilic and thermotolerant microorganisms, which are industrially important due to their enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Machado Benassi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão PretoSP Brazil Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosymar Coutinho de Lucas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão PretoSP Brazil Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - João Atílio Jorge
- Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão PretoSP Brazil Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli
- Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão PretoSP Brazil Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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11
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Xia W, Shi P, Xu X, Qian L, Cui Y, Xia M, Yao B. High level expression of a novel family 3 neutral β-xylosidase from Humicola insolens Y1 with high tolerance to D-xylose. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117578. [PMID: 25658646 PMCID: PMC4320052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel β-xylosidase gene of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 3, xyl3A, was identified from the thermophilic fungus Humicola insolens Y1, which is an innocuous and non-toxic fungus that produces a wide variety of GHs. The cDNA of xyl3A, 2334 bp in length, encodes a 777-residue polypeptide containing a putative signal peptide of 19 residues. The gene fragment without the signal peptide-coding sequence was cloned and overexpressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 at a high level of 100 mg/L in 1-L Erlenmeyer flasks without fermentation optimization. Recombinant Xyl3A showed both β-xylosidase and α-arabinfuranosidase activities, but had no hydrolysis capacity towards polysaccharides. It was optimally active at pH 6.0 and 60°C with a specific activity of 11.6 U/mg. It exhibited good stability over pH 4.0-9.0 (incubated at 37°C for 1 h) and at temperatures of 60°C and below, retaining over 80% maximum activity. The enzyme had stronger tolerance to xylose than most fungal GH3 β-xylosidases with a high Ki value of 29 mM, which makes Xyl3A more efficient to produce xylose in fermentation process. Sequential combination of Xyl3A following endoxylanase Xyn11A of the same microbial source showed significant synergistic effects on the degradation of various xylans and deconstructed xylo-oligosaccharides to xylose with high efficiency. Moreover, using pNPX as both the donor and acceptor, Xyl3A exhibited a transxylosylation activity to synthesize pNPX2. All these favorable properties suggest that Xyl3A has good potential applications in the bioconversion of hemicelluloses to biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Pengjun Shi
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Lichun Qian
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (BY); (LQ)
| | - Ying Cui
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Mengjuan Xia
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (BY); (LQ)
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12
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Discovery and characterization of endo-xylanase and β-xylosidase from a highly xylanolytic bacterium in the hindgut of Holotrichia parallela larvae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Campos E, Negro Alvarez MJ, Sabarís di Lorenzo G, Gonzalez S, Rorig M, Talia P, Grasso DH, Sáez F, Manzanares Secades P, Ballesteros Perdices M, Cataldi AA. Purification and characterization of a GH43 β-xylosidase from Enterobacter sp. identified and cloned from forest soil bacteria. Microbiol Res 2014; 169:213-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Cheng HL, Zhao RY, Chen TJ, Yu WB, Wang F, Cheng KD, Zhu P. Cloning and characterization of the glycoside hydrolases that remove xylosyl groups from 7-β-xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol and its analogues. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:2236-48. [PMID: 23665501 PMCID: PMC3734582 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.030619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel, a natural antitumor compound, is produced by yew trees at very low concentrations, causing a worldwide shortage of this important anticancer medicine. These plants also produce significant amounts of 7-β-xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol, which can be bio-converted into 10-deacetyltaxol for the semi-synthesis of paclitaxel. Some microorganisms can convert 7-β-xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol into 10-deacetyltaxol, but the bioconversion yield needs to be drastically improved for industrial applications. In addition, the related β-xylosidases of these organisms have not yet been defined. We set out to discover an efficient enzyme for 10-deacetyltaxol production. By combining the de novo sequencing of β-xylosidase isolated from Lentinula edodes with RT-PCR and the rapid amplification of cDNA ends, we cloned two cDNA variants, Lxyl-p1-1 and Lxyl-p1-2, which were previously unknown at the gene and protein levels. Both variants encode a specific bifunctional β-d-xylosidase/β-d-glucosidase with an identical ORF length of 2412 bp (97% identity). The enzymes were characterized, and their 3.6-kb genomic DNAs (G-Lxyl-p1-1, G-Lxyl-p1-2), each harboring 18 introns, were also obtained. Putative substrate binding motifs, the catalytic nucleophile, the catalytic acid/base, and potential N-glycosylation sites of the enzymes were predicted. Kinetic analysis of both enzymes showed kcat/Km of up to 1.07 s(-1)mm(-1) against 7-β-xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol. Importantly, at substrate concentrations of up to 10 mg/ml (oversaturated), the engineered yeast could still robustly convert 7-β-xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol into 10-deacetyltaxol with a conversion rate of over 85% and a highest yield of 8.42 mg/ml within 24 h, which is much higher than those reported previously. Therefore, our discovery might lead to significant progress in the development of new 7-β-xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol-converting enzymes for more efficient use of 7-β-xylosyltaxanes to semi-synthesize paclitaxel and its analogues. This work also might lead to further studies on how these enzymes act on 7-β-xylosyltaxanes and contribute to the growing database of glycoside hydrolases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Li Cheng
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Rui-Yu Zhao
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Chen
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wen-Bo Yu
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Fen Wang
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ke-Di Cheng
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Kundu A, Ray RR. Production of intracellular β-xylosidase from the submerged fermentation of citrus wastes by Penicillium janthinellum MTCC 10889. 3 Biotech 2013; 3:241-246. [PMID: 28324373 PMCID: PMC3646107 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-012-0091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of intracellular β-xylosidase was studied in cultures of Penicillium janthinellum grown on citrus fruit waste
supplemented cultivation media. Both dried orange peel and sweet lime peel could
induce the production of this enzyme. The working strain showed a pronounced optimum
pH and temperature for β-xylosidase production at 6.0 and 27 °C, respectively. The
enzyme production was found to remain stable for a long period of 120 h. Orange peel
and sweet lime peel showed different responses in the presence of various nitrogen
sources, probably due to their differences in hemicellulosic contents. This could be
further confirmed by the difference in enzyme production after pretreatment with
acid and alkali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Kundu
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Rina Rani Ray
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India.
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16
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Benassi VM, Silva TMD, Pessela BC, Guisan JM, Mateo C, Lima MS, Jorge JA, Polizeli MDLT. Immobilization and biochemical properties of a β-xylosidase activated by glucose/xylose from Aspergillus niger USP-67 with transxylosylation activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Highly active β-xylosidases of glycoside hydrolase family 43 operating on natural and artificial substrates. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:4415-28. [PMID: 23053115 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4475-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The hemicellulose xylan constitutes a major portion of plant biomass, a renewable feedstock available for conversion to biofuels and other bioproducts. β-xylosidase operates in the deconstruction of the polysaccharide to fermentable sugars. Glycoside hydrolase family 43 is recognized as a source of highly active β-xylosidases, some of which could have practical applications. The biochemical details of four GH43 β-xylosidases (those from Alkaliphilus metalliredigens QYMF, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168, and Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 367) are examined here. Sedimentation equilibrium experiments indicate that the quaternary states of three of the enzymes are mixtures of monomers and homodimers (B. pumilus) or mixtures of homodimers and homotetramers (B. subtilis and L. brevis). k cat and k cat/K m values of the four enzymes are higher for xylobiose than for xylotriose, suggesting that the enzyme active sites comprise two subsites, as has been demonstrated by the X-ray structures of other GH43 β-xylosidases. The K i values for D-glucose (83.3-357 mM) and D-xylose (15.6-70.0 mM) of the four enzymes are moderately high. The four enzymes display good temperature (K t (0.5) ∼ 45 °C) and pH stabilities (>4.6 to <10.3). At pH 6.0 and 25 °C, the enzyme from L. brevis ATCC 367 displays the highest reported k cat and k cat/K m on natural substrates xylobiose (407 s(-1), 138 s(-1) mM(-1)), xylotriose (235 s(-1), 80.8 s(-1) mM(-1)), and xylotetraose (146 s(-1), 32.6 s(-1) mM(-1)).
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Knob A, Carmona EC. Purification and properties of an acid β-xylosidase from Penicillium sclerotiorum. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Knob A, Terrasan CRF, Carmona EC. β-Xylosidases from filamentous fungi: an overview. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-0190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Knob A, Carmona EC. Cell-associated acid β-xylosidase production by Penicillium sclerotiorum. N Biotechnol 2009; 26:60-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2008] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Yan QJ, Wang L, Jiang ZQ, Yang SQ, Zhu HF, Li LT. A xylose-tolerant beta-xylosidase from Paecilomyces thermophila: characterization and its co-action with the endogenous xylanase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:5402-5410. [PMID: 18180153 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2007] [Revised: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An extracellular beta-xylosidase from the thermophilic fungus Paecilomyces thermophila J18 was purified 31.9-fold to homogeneity with a recovery yield of 2.27% from the cell-free culture supernatant. It appeared as a single protein band on SDS-PAGE with a molecular mass of approx 53.5 kDa. The molecular mass of beta-xylosidase was 51.8 kDa determined by Superdex 75 gel filtration. The enzyme was a glycoprotein with a carbohydrate content of 61.5%. It exhibited an optimal activity at 55 degrees C and pH 6.5, respectively. The enzyme was stable in the range of pH 6.0-9.0 and at 55 degrees C. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed xylobiose and higher xylooligosaccharides but was inactive against xylan substrates. It released xylose from xylooligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization ranging between 2 and 5. The rate of xylose released from xylooligosaccharides by the purified enzyme increased with increasing chain length. It had a K(m) of 4.3mM for p-nitrophenol-beta-d-xylopyranoside and was competitively inhibited by xylose with a K(i) value of 139 mM. Release of reducing sugars from xylans by a purified xylanase produced by the same organism increased markedly in the presence of beta-xylosidase. During 24-hour hydrolysis, the amounts of reducing sugar released in the presence of added beta-xylosidase were about 1.5-1.73 times that of the reaction employing the xylanase alone. This is the first report on the purification and characterization of a beta-xylosidase from Paecilomyces thermophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q J Yan
- Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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MERYANDINI ANJA. Characterization of Xylanase from Streptomyces spp. Strain C1-3. HAYATI JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES 2007. [DOI: 10.4308/hjb.14.3.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Katapodis P, Nerinckx W, Claeyssens M, Christakopoulos P. Purification and characterization of a thermostable intracellular β-xylosidase from the thermophilic fungus Sporotrichum thermophile. Process Biochem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2006.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Ohara H, Owaki M, Sonomoto K. Xylooligosaccharide fermentation with Leuconostoc lactis. J Biosci Bioeng 2006; 101:415-20. [PMID: 16781471 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.101.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Accepted: 02/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Strains of Leuconostoc lactis SHO-47 and Le. lactis SHO-54, producing the clinically useful enzyme NAD-specific 6-phosphoglucanate dehydrogenase, were cultivated with a hydrolyzed birch wood xylan as the unique carbon source to produce D-lactic acid for poly(D-lactic acid). In addition to the strains SHO-47 and SHO-54, Lactococcus lactis IO-1, well known as a good xylose-utilizing lactic acid bacterium, was used as a control to confirm the extent of hemicellulose hydrolysis. The fermentation time for lactic acid of strains SHO-47 and SHO-54 was 12 h, and produced respectively 2.3 and 2.2 g/l lactic acid from 8.5 g/l hydrolyzed xylan, whereas the fermentation time of strain IO-1 was 21 h, and produced 1.3 g/l lactic acid. Xylooligosaccharides from xylobiose to xylohexose were utilized more rapidly than xylose in the cultures of strains SHO-47 and SHO-54. However, xylose concentration increased temporarily and then decreased in the culture of strain IO-1. On the other hand, xylooligosaccharides larger than xyloheptaose were not utilized by these three strains. The xylosidase activities of SHO-47, SHO-54, and IO-1 were induced by xylose or a mixture of xylobiose and xylotriose. The xylosidases of these three strains were localized in their cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Ohara
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Microbial Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Purification and partial characterization οf a new β-xylosidase from Humicola grisea var. thermoidea. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-005-9059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Decelle B, Tsang A, Storms RK. Cloning, functional expression and characterization of three Phanerochaete chrysosporium endo-1,4-beta-xylanases. Curr Genet 2004; 46:166-75. [PMID: 15278289 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-004-0520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2004] [Revised: 06/17/2004] [Accepted: 06/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three Phanerochaete chrysosporium endo-1,4-beta-xylanase genes were cloned and expressed in Aspergillus niger. Two of these genes, xynA and xynC, encode family 10 glycoside hydrolases, while the third, xynB, codes for a family 11 glycoside hydrolase. All three xylanases possess a type I carbohydrate-binding domain connected to the catalytic domain by a linker region. The three xylanases were purified to homogeneity by weak anion or Avicell column chromatography and subsequently characterized. The XynA, XynB and XynC enzymes have molecular masses of 52, 30 and 50 kDa, respectively. Optimal activity was obtained at pH 4.5 and 70 degrees C with the family 10 xylanases and pH 4.5 and 60 degrees C with the family 11 xylanase. The measured Km when using birchwood xylan as the substrate was 3.71 +/- 0.69 mg/ml for XynA and XynC and was 9.96 +/- 1.45 mg/ml for XynB. Substrate specificity studies and the products released during the degradation of birchwood xylan suggest differences in catalytic properties between the two family 10 xylanases and the family 11 xylanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Decelle
- Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Saha BC. Purification and properties of an extracellular beta-xylosidase from a newly isolated Fusarium proliferatum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2003; 90:33-38. [PMID: 12835054 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8524(03)00098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An extracellular beta-xylosidase from a newly isolated Fusarium proliferatum (NRRL 26517) capable of utilizing corn fiber xylan as growth substrate was purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B batch adsorption chromatography, CM Bio-Gel A column chromatography, Bio-Gel A-0.5 m gel filtration and Bio-Gel HTP Hydroxyapatite column chromatography. The purified beta-xylosidase (specific activity, 53 U/mg protein) had a molecular weight of 91,200 as estimated by SDS-PAGE. The optimum temperature and pH for the action of the enzyme were 60 degrees C and 4.5, respectively. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed xylobiose and higher xylooligosaccharides but was inactive against xylan substrates. It had a Km value of 0.77 mM (p-nitrophenol-beta-D-xyloside, pH 4.5, 50 degrees C) and was competitively inhibited by xylose with a Ki value of 5 mM. The enzyme did not require any metal ion for activity and stability. Comparative properties of this enzyme with other fungal beta-xylosidases are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badal C Saha
- Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
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Lenartovicz V, de Souza CGM, Moreira FG, Peralta RM. Temperature and carbon source affect the production and secretion of a thermostable β-xylosidase by Aspergillus fumigatus. Process Biochem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(02)00261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Reen FJ, Murray PG, Tuohy MG. Molecular characterisation and expression analysis of the first hemicellulase gene (bxl1) encoding beta-xylosidase from the thermophilic fungus Talaromyces emersonii. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 305:579-85. [PMID: 12763033 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The gene coding for beta-xylosidase, bxl1, has been cloned from the thermophilic filamentous fungus, Talaromyces emersonii. This is the first report of a hemicellulase gene from this novel source. At the genomic level, bxl1 consists of an open reading frame of 2388 nucleotides with no introns that encodes a putative protein of 796 amino acids. The bxl1 translation product contains a signal peptide of 21 amino acids that yields a mature protein of 775 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass of 86.8 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of bxl1 exhibits considerable homology with the primary structures of the Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus oryzae, and Trichoderma reesei beta-xylosidase gene products, and with some beta-glucosidases, all of which have been classified as Family 3 glycosyl hydrolases. Northern blot analysis of the bxl1 gene indicates that it is induced by xylan and methyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside. D-Xylose induced expression of bxl1 but was shown to repress induction of the gene at high concentrations. The presence of six CreA binding sites in the upstream regulatory sequence (URS) of the bxl1 gene indicates that the observed repression by D-glucose may be mediated, at least partly, by this catabolite repressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Reen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Glycobiotechnology Group, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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