1
|
Todorov LG, Sivaguru M, Krambeck AE, Lee MS, Lieske JC, Fouke BW. GeoBioMed perspectives on kidney stone recurrence from the reactive surface area of SWL-derived particles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18371. [PMID: 36319741 PMCID: PMC9626463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) is an effective and commonly applied clinical treatment for human kidney stones. Yet the success of SWL is counterbalanced by the risk of retained fragments causing recurrent stone formation, which may require retreatment. This study has applied GeoBioMed experimental and analytical approaches to determine the size frequency distribution, fracture patterns, and reactive surface area of SWL-derived particles within the context of their original crystal growth structure (crystalline architecture) as revealed by confocal autofluorescence (CAF) and super-resolution autofluorescence (SRAF) microscopy. Multiple calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones were removed from a Mayo Clinic patient using standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and shock pulse lithotripsy (SPL). This produced approximately 4-12 mm-diameter PCNL-derived fragments that were experimentally treated ex vivo with SWL to form hundreds of smaller particles. Fractures propagated through the crystalline architecture of PCNL-derived fragments in a variety of geometric orientations to form rectangular, pointed, concentrically spalled, and irregular SWL-derived particles. Size frequency distributions ranged from fine silt (4-8 μm) to very fine pebbles (2-4 mm), according to the Wentworth grain size scale, with a mean size of fine sand (125-250 μm). Importantly, these SWL-derived particles are smaller than the 3-4 mm-diameter detection limit of clinical computed tomography (CT) techniques and can be retained on internal kidney membrane surfaces. This creates clinically undetectable crystallization seed points with extremely high reactive surface areas, which dramatically enhance the multiple events of crystallization and dissolution (diagenetic phase transitions) that may lead to the high rates of CaOx kidney stone recurrence after SWL treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G. Todorov
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Mayandi Sivaguru
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Cytometry and Microscopy to Omics Facility, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Amy E. Krambeck
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA ,grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Matthew S. Lee
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - John C. Lieske
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA ,grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Bruce W. Fouke
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behavior, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Harmacek D, Pruijm M, Burnier M, Muller ME, Ghajarzadeh-Wurzner A, Bonny O, Zanchi A. Empagliflozin Changes Urine Supersaturation by Decreasing pH and Increasing Citrate. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:1073-1075. [PMID: 35387874 PMCID: PMC9161803 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021111515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical Trial registry name and registration number: Empagliflozin and Renal Oxygenation in Healthy Volunteers (EMPA-REIN), NCT03093103.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Harmacek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Menno Pruijm
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Burnier
- Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Eve Muller
- Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arlène Ghajarzadeh-Wurzner
- Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Bonny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fribourg State Hospital, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Anne Zanchi
- Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rafeek AD, Choi G, Evans LA. Controlled synthesis of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) from metastable solutions: insights into pathogenic calcification. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:142. [PMID: 34817698 PMCID: PMC8613102 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) compounds may occur in the body as abnormal pathogenic phases in addition to their normal occurrence as bones and teeth. Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD; CaPO4·2H2O), along with other significant CaP phases, have been observed in pathogenic calcifications such as dental calculi, kidney stones and urinary stones. While other studies have shown that polar amino acids can inhibit the growth of CaPs, these studies have mainly focused on hydroxyapatite (HAp; Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) formation from highly supersaturated solutions, while their effects on DCPD nucleation and growth from metastable solutions have been less thoroughly explored. By further elucidating the mechanisms of DCPD formation and the influence of amino acids on those mechanisms, insights may be gained into ways that amino acids could be used in treatment and prevention of unwanted calcifications. The current study involved seeded growth of DCPD from metastable solutions at constant pH in the presence of neutral, acidic and phosphorylated amino acid side chains. As a comparison, solutions were also seeded with calcium pyrophosphate (CPP; Ca2P2O7), a known calcium phosphate inhibitor. The results show that polar amino acids inhibit DCPD growth; this likely occurs due to electrostatic interactions between amino acid side groups and charged DCPD surfaces. Phosphoserine had the greatest inhibitory ability of the amino acids tested, with an effect equal to that of CPP. Clustering of DCPD crystals giving rise to a "chrysanthemum-like" morphology was noted with glutamic acid. This study concludes that molecules containing an increased number of polar side groups will enhance the inhibition of DCPD seeded growth from metastable solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A D Rafeek
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - G Choi
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - L A Evans
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Natural Cyanobacterial Polymer-Based Coating as a Preventive Strategy to Avoid Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18060279. [PMID: 32466349 PMCID: PMC7344411 DOI: 10.3390/md18060279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) represent about 40% of all healthcare-associated infections. Herein, the authors report the further development of an infection preventive anti-adhesive coating (CyanoCoating) meant for urinary catheters, and based on a natural polymer released by a marine cyanobacterium. CyanoCoating performance was assessed against relevant CAUTI etiological agents, namely Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Candida albicans in the presence of culture medium or artificial urine, and under biofilm promoting settings. CyanoCoating displayed a broad anti-adhesive efficiency against all the uropathogens tested (68–95%), even in the presence of artificial urine (58–100%) with exception of P. mirabilis in the latter condition. Under biofilm-promoting settings, CyanoCoating reduced biofilm formation by E. coli, P. mirabilis, and C. albicans (30–60%). In addition, CyanoCoating prevented large crystals encrustation, and its sterilization with ethylene oxide did not impact the coating stability. Therefore, CyanoCoating constitutes a step forward for the implementation of antibiotic-free alternative strategies to fight CAUTIs.
Collapse
|
5
|
Karami H, Maleki H, Baghbeheshti M, Hashemi M, Rouzbeh M, Afkhami Ardakani M. A Short Review on the Relationships Between Nephrolithiasis and Myocardial Infarction. Galen Med J 2019; 8:e1289. [PMID: 34466485 PMCID: PMC8343981 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v8i0.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between organs is a crucial part of modern medicine. As a very prerequisite to manage a disease, practitioners should have a full awareness of the related organs. Kidney and heart are two vital organs that are closely interconnected in various fields. These two organs have a lot of common risk factors for making a person unhealthy; therefore, if you prevent the disease in one of them, the other's morbidity might be alleviated as well. Among them, nephrolithiasis and myocardial infarction (MI) have more risk factors in common, and both could be fatal. Also, these two diseases are important regarding the prevalence, incidence, and burden of disease. Some studies confirm the relationship between MI and nephrolithiasis; however, further researches are needed to discover the exact direction of their relationship. The present review aims to explain the mechanism of MI and nephrolithiasis; clarify the relationship between these two disease based on physiological, pathological, and clinical studies; and propose some solutions for the prevention and treatment of such diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hormoz Karami
- Department of Urology, Shahid Doctor Rahnemoon Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hadi Maleki
- Department of Urology, Shahid Doctor Rahnemoon Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Maryam Baghbeheshti
- Student Research Committee, Yazd Cardiovascular research center, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hashemi
- Department of Urology, Shahid Doctor Rahnemoon Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Rouzbeh
- School of medicine, Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Do teas rich in antioxidants reduce the physicochemical and peroxidative risk factors for calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in humans? Pilot studies with Rooibos herbal tea and Japanese green tea. Urolithiasis 2015; 44:299-310. [PMID: 26721697 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-015-0855-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Several experimental and animal studies have demonstrated that substances rich in antioxidants can reduce the physicochemical and peroxidative risk factors for calcium oxalate (CaOx) renal stone formation in urine and blood. However, there are very few such investigations in humans. In the present pilot study, two varieties of tea, a green one from Japan (JGT) and a herbal one from South Africa (Rooibos) (RT), both rich in antioxidants, were administered to a group of CaOx stone formers (SF) (n = 8) for 30 days. Both teas were analysed for polyphenols by high-performance liquid chromatography and for minerals by plasma atomic and optical emission spectroscopy. 24 h urines (baseline and day 30) were analysed for lithogenic factors. CaOx metastable limits and crystal nucleation and growth kinetics were also determined in each urine sample. Deposited crystals were inspected by scanning electron microscopy. Blood samples were collected (baseline and day 30). Biomarkers of oxidative stress including plasma and urinary thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were also determined. Urinary physicochemical risk factors were also investigated after ingestion of RT for 30 days in two control groups (CG1 and CG2), the latter one of which consisted of habitual JGT drinkers. Statistical analyses were performed using Wilcoxon signed rank tests and Mann-Whitney tests for paired and independent measurements, respectively. Several flavonoids and catechins were quantified in RT and JGT, respectively, confirming that both teas are rich sources of antioxidants. Mineral content was found to be far below dietary reference intakes. There were no significant changes in any of the urinary physicochemical or peroxidative risk factors in the control groups or in SF, except for the supersaturation (SS) of brushite (Bru) which decreased in the latter group after ingestion of JGT. Crystal morphology showed a tendency to change from mixed CaOx mono- and di-hydrate to monohydrate after ingestion of each tea. Since the latter form has a stronger binding affinity for epithelial cells, this effect is not protective. Analysis of the physicochemical and peroxidative risk factors in CG1 and CG2 did not reveal any evidence of a synergistic effect between the two teas. Paradoxically, baseline risk factors in the habitual JGT control group were significantly raised relative to those in CG1. Our preliminary results suggest that ingestion of RT and JGT does not reduce the risk factors for CaOx stone formation in humans, but these findings need to be tested in further studies involving much larger sample sizes.
Collapse
|
8
|
Xie B, Halter T, Borah BM, Nancollas GH. Aggregation of Calcium Phosphate and Oxalate Phases in the Formation of Renal Stones. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2015; 15:204-211. [PMID: 25598742 PMCID: PMC4291782 DOI: 10.1021/cg501209h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The majority of human kidney stones are comprised of multiple calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals encasing a calcium phosphate nucleus. The physiochemical mechanism of nephrolithiasis has not been well determined on the molecular level; this is crucial to the control and prevention of renal stone formation. This work investigates the role of phosphate ions on the formation of calcium oxalate stones; recent work has identified amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) as a rapidly forming initial precursor to the formation of calcium phosphate minerals in vivo. The effect of phosphate on the nucleation of COM has been investigated using the constant composition (CC) method in combination with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our findings indicate COM nucleation is strongly promoted by the presence of phosphate; this occurs at relatively low phosphate concentrations, undersaturated with respect to brushite (dicalcium phosphate dehydrate, DCPD) formation. The results show that ACP plays a crucial role in the nucleation of calcium oxalate stones by promoting the aggregation of amorphous calcium oxalate (ACO) precursors at early induction times. The coaggregations of ACP and ACO precursors induce the multiple-point nucleation of COM. These novel findings expand our knowledge of urinary stone development, providing potential targets for treating the condition at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ballav M. Borah
- Department of Chemistry, University at
Buffalo, The State University of New
York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United
States
| | - George H. Nancollas
- Department of Chemistry, University at
Buffalo, The State University of New
York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United
States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Crystallization of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate with presence of glutamic acid and arginine at 37 °C. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 41:283-91. [PMID: 24907762 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The formations of non-metabolic stones, bones and teeth were seriously related to the morphology, size and surface reactivity of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD). Herein, a facile biomimetic mineralization method with presence of glutamic acid and arginine was employed to fabricate DCPD with well-defined morphology and adjustable crystallite size. In reaction solution containing more arginine, crystallization of DCPD occurred with faster rate of nucleation and higher density of stacked layers due to the generation of more OH(-) ions after hydrolysis of arginine at 37 °C. With addition of fluorescein or acetone, the consumption of OH(-) ions or desolvation reaction of Ca(2+) ions was modulated, which resulted in the fabrication of DCPD with adjustable crystallite sizes and densities of stacked layers. In comparison with fluorescein-loading DCPD, dicalcium phosphate anhydrate was prepared with enhanced photoluminescence properties due to the reduction of self-quenching effect and regular arrangement of encapsulated fluorescein molecules. With addition of more acetone, DCPD was prepared with smaller crystallite size via antisolvent crystallization. The simulated process with addition of amino acids under 37 °C would shed light on the dynamic process of biomineralization for calcium phosphate compounds.
Collapse
|
10
|
Evan AP, Lingeman JE, Worcester EM, Sommer AJ, Phillips CL, Williams JC, Coe FL. Contrasting histopathology and crystal deposits in kidneys of idiopathic stone formers who produce hydroxy apatite, brushite, or calcium oxalate stones. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 297:731-48. [PMID: 24478243 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our previous work has shown that stone formers who form calcium phosphate (CaP) stones that contain any brushite (BRSF) have a distinctive renal histopathology and surgical anatomy when compared with idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formers (ICSF). Here we report on another group of idiopathic CaP stone formers, those forming stone containing primarily hydroxyapatite, in order to clarify in what ways their pathology differs from BRSF and ICSF. Eleven hydroxyapatite stone formers (HASF) (2 males, 9 females) were studied using intra-operative digital photography and biopsy of papillary and cortical regions to measure tissue changes associated with stone formation. Our main finding is that HASF and BRSF differ significantly from each other and that both differ greatly from ICSF. Both BRSF and ICSF patients have significant levels of Randall's plaque compared with HASF. Intra-tubular deposit number is greater in HASF than BRSF and nonexistent in ICSF while deposit size is smaller in HASF than BRSF. Cortical pathology is distinctly greater in BRSF than HASF. Four attached stones were observed in HASF, three in 25 BRSF and 5-10 per ICSF patient. HASF and BRSF differ clinically in that both have higher average urine pH, supersaturation of CaP, and calcium excretion than ICSF. Our work suggests that HASF and BRSF are two distinct and separate diseases and both differ greatly from ICSF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Evan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Urology, International Kidney Stone Institute, Methodist Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gashti MP, Bourquin M, Stir M, Hulliger J. Glutamic acid inducing kidney stone biomimicry by a brushite/gelatin composite. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:1501-1508. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb00088e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
12
|
Bazin D, Daudon M, Combes C, Rey C. Characterization and some physicochemical aspects of pathological microcalcifications. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5092-120. [PMID: 22809072 DOI: 10.1021/cr200068d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Bazin
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang T, Kim C, Jho J, Kim IW. Regulating fluoride uptake by calcium phosphate minerals with polymeric additives. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
14
|
Composition and morphology of phosphate stones and their relation with etiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 38:459-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00240-010-0320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
15
|
Giocondi JL, El-Dasher BS, Nancollas GH, Orme CA. Molecular mechanisms of crystallization impacting calcium phosphate cements. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2010; 368:1937-61. [PMID: 20308110 PMCID: PMC2944390 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2010.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The biomineral calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO(4).2H(2)O), known as brushite, is a malleable material that both grows and dissolves faster than most other calcium minerals, including other calcium phosphate phases, calcium carbonates and calcium oxalates. Within the body, this ready formation and dissolution can play a role in certain diseases, such as kidney stone and plaque formation. However, these same properties, along with brushite's excellent biocompatibility, can be used to great benefit in making resorbable biomedical cements. To optimize cements, additives are commonly used to control crystallization kinetics and phase transformation. This paper describes the use of in situ scanning probe microscopy to investigate the role of several solution parameters and additives in brushite atomic step motion. Surprisingly, this work demonstrates that the activation barrier for phosphate (rather than calcium) incorporation limits growth kinetics and that additives such as magnesium, citrate and bisphosphonates each influence step motion in distinctly different ways. Our findings provide details of how, and where, molecules inhibit or accelerate kinetics. These insights have the potential to aid in designing molecules to target specific steps and to guide synergistic combinations of additives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Giocondi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Sciences, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Bassem S. El-Dasher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Sciences, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - George H. Nancollas
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Christine A. Orme
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Sciences, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Brown K, Halperin LF, Malhotra A, Tsang J, Grynpas M, Halperin ML. Hypocalcaemia and a low cardiac output after intravenous codeine phosphate injection: need for an additional mechanism to remove ionized calcium. NDT Plus 2009; 2:401-4. [PMID: 25949357 PMCID: PMC4421405 DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/sfp054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Brown
- Department of Anesthesia, Montreal Children's Hospital , McGill University , Montreal
| | - Laura F Halperin
- Division of Nephrology, St Michaels Hospital , University of Toronto , Toronto
| | - Ashley Malhotra
- Division of Nephrology, St Michaels Hospital , University of Toronto , Toronto
| | - Janius Tsang
- Department of Anesthesia, Montreal Children's Hospital , McGill University , Montreal
| | - Marc Grynpas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Samuel Lunenfeld Institute of Mount Sinai , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Mitchell L Halperin
- Division of Nephrology, St Michaels Hospital , University of Toronto , Toronto
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Qiu SR, Orme CA. Dynamics of Biomineral Formation at the Near-Molecular Level. Chem Rev 2008; 108:4784-822. [DOI: 10.1021/cr800322u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Roger Qiu
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Mailstop L-367, Livermore, California 94550
| | - Christine A. Orme
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Mailstop L-367, Livermore, California 94550
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Vega D, Maalouf NM, Sakhaee K. Increased propensity for calcium phosphate kidney stones with topiramate use. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2007; 6:547-57. [PMID: 17877442 DOI: 10.1517/14740338.6.5.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Topiramate (TPM) is a neuromodulatory agent that was initially approved as an antiepileptic drug and is increasingly used in the treatment of a number of neurological and metabolic disorders. Among its various pharmacological actions, TPM has been shown to inhibit the activity of specific carbonic anhydrase enzymes in the kidney. This action is associated with the development of metabolic acidosis, hypocitraturia, hypercalciuria and elevated urine pH, leading to an increased risk of kidney stone disease. Despite the cautionary note in the package insert of TPM, the extent of these complications has not been fully explored. Few prescribing physicians are aware of these complications, underscoring the need for improved surveillance. Because the drug is among the most frequently prescribed agents in the US, more controlled studies are required to determine the prevalence of kidney stone disease among TPM users, and the optimal approach to prevent and treat nephrolithiasis in these individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damaris Vega
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8885, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Escobar C, Byer KJ, Khan SR. Naturally produced crystals obtained from kidney stones are less injurious to renal tubular epithelial cells than synthetic crystals. BJU Int 2007; 100:891-7. [PMID: 17550416 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2007.07002.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the differences in cell responses to synthetic and biological crystals of calcium oxalate (CaOx) and brushite MATERIALS AND METHODS Nephrolithiasis depends on crystal retention within the kidneys, often promoted by crystal attachment to the injured renal epithelium; studies often use various crystals that might be injurious to cells and cause the exposure of crystal binding molecules on cell surfaces, thus promoting crystal attachment and retention. The synthetic crystals used in these studies might be more injurious than the biological crystals naturally produced in the kidneys and that form kidney stones. We exposed the renal epithelial cell line NRK 52E in vitro to CaOx or brushite crystals at 67 or 133 microg/cm(2) for 3 or 6 h. Synthetic crystals were purchased and the biocrystals were obtained by pulverizing CaOx and brushite stones. We determined the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and 8-isoprostane (8-IP), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), as markers of injury, oxidative stress and inflammation, respectively. Cells were also examined after trypan blue staining to determine their membrane integrity. We also examined crystals of CaOx by scanning electron microscopy both in the native state as well as after decalcification. RESULTS Exposure to both the synthetic and biological crystals resulted in a significant increase in LDH release and trypan blue staining, as a sign of crystal-induced injury. There was increased production of H(2)O(2) and 8-IP, suggesting the development of oxidative stress. In addition MCP-1 production was also significantly increased. However, the synthetic crystals caused significantly higher increases in all the indicators than the biological crystals. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that even though both synthetic and naturally produced biocrystals invoke a response from the renal epithelial cells, the latter are significantly less injurious and inflammatory. Exposure to low concentrations of these crystals alone might not invoke an inflammatory response, cause the uncovering of crystal binding molecules on epithelial cell surfaces, and promote crystal attachment and retention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Escobar
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|