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Xie Y, Yuan Q, Cao X, Qiu Y, Zeng J, Cao Y, Xie Y, Meng X, Huang K, Yi F, Zhang C. Deficiency of Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3 Aggravates Diabetic Kidney Disease by Impairing Podocyte Autophagy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308378. [PMID: 38483947 PMCID: PMC11109634 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are important transcriptional factors that mediate autophagy, preventing podocyte injury and the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the role of nuclear receptor coactivators that are powerful enhancers for the transcriptional activity of NRs in DKD remains unclear. In this study, a significant decrease in Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3 (NCOA3) is observed in injured podocytes caused by high glucose treatment. Additionally, NCOA3 overexpression counteracts podocyte damage by improving autophagy. Further, Src family member, Fyn is identified to be the target of NCOA3 that mediates the podocyte autophagy process. Mechanistically, NCOA3 regulates the transcription of Fyn in a nuclear receptor, PPAR-γ dependent way. Podocyte-specific NCOA3 knockout aggravates albuminuria, glomerular sclerosis, podocyte injury, and autophagy in DKD mice. However, the Fyn inhibitor, AZD0530, rescues podocyte injury of NCOA3 knockout DKD mice. Renal NCOA3 overexpression with lentivirus can ameliorate podocyte damage and improve podocyte autophagy in DKD mice. Taken together, the findings highlight a novel target, NCOA3, that protects podocytes from high glucose injury by maintaining autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430000China
| | - Qian Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430000China
| | - Xinyi Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430000China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430000China
| | - Jieyu Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430000China
| | - Yiling Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430000China
| | - Yajuan Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430000China
| | - Xianfang Meng
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430000China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430000China
| | - Fan Yi
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong ProvinceDepartment of PharmacologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430000China
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Balestra E, Barbi E, Ceconi V, Di Maso V, Conversano E, Pennesi M. Pioglitazone, a PPAR-y agonist, as one of the new therapeutic candidates for C3 glomerulopathy. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:309-314. [PMID: 37493956 PMCID: PMC10673980 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C3-glomerulopathy (C3G) is a rare pediatric kidney disease characterised by dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway, with glomerular deposition of C3. C3G may often present as a steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), and there is no established effective therapy: the usual treatment involves corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs. Pioglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist with a protective action on podocytes, was reported in a few cases as helpful in reducing proteinuria when combined with steroids. CASE-DIAGNOSIS/TREATMENT We report the case of a 13-year-old girl with silent past medical history who presented with SRNS. A kidney biopsy showed findings indicative of C3G. A low sodium diet and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor were started; immunosuppressive treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was administered due to the cortico-resistance. Because of poor response to the immunosuppressant, a trial with eculizumab was attempted without significant response and persistence of proteinuria in the nephrotic range. A further therapeutic trial was performed with tacrolimus with no disease remission. Due to a severe deterioration in her condition, the girl was hospitalized and treated with high-dose steroid bolus. A daily dose of oral prednisone and MMF were re-started without benefit with persistent levels of nephrotic range proteinuria. The administration of pioglitazone consistently lowered proteinuria levels for the first time since the onset of the disease, with a maintenance of the effect and normalization (< 0.15 g/24 h) at the 10-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS In this patient affected by C3G, pioglitazone proved effective in reducing proteinuria levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Balestra
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Egidio Barbi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Paediatric Department, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Viola Ceconi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Vittorio Di Maso
- Department of Nephrology, Cattinara Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy
| | - Ester Conversano
- Paediatric Department, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Pennesi
- Paediatric Department, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
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3
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Hejazian SM, Ardalan M, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Rahbar Saadat Y, Barzegari A, Gueguen V, Meddahi-Pellé A, Anagnostou F, Zununi Vahed S, Pavon-Djavid G. Biofactors regulating mitochondrial function and dynamics in podocytes and podocytopathies. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2206-2227. [PMID: 37659096 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes are terminally differentiated kidney cells acting as the main gatekeepers of the glomerular filtration barrier; hence, inhibiting proteinuria. Podocytopathies are classified as kidney diseases caused by podocyte damage. Different genetic and environmental risk factors can cause podocyte damage and death. Recent evidence shows that mitochondrial dysfunction also contributes to podocyte damage. Understanding alterations in mitochondrial metabolism and function in podocytopathies and whether altered mitochondrial homeostasis/dynamics is a cause or effect of podocyte damage are issues that need in-depth studies. This review highlights the roles of mitochondria and their bioenergetics in podocytes. Then, factors/signalings that regulate mitochondria in podocytes are discussed. After that, the role of mitochondrial dysfunction is reviewed in podocyte injury and the development of different podocytopathies. Finally, the mitochondrial therapeutic targets are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Abolfazl Barzegari
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Virginie Gueguen
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Anne Meddahi-Pellé
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Fani Anagnostou
- Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 7052 INSERM U1271, B3OA, Paris, France
| | | | - Graciela Pavon-Djavid
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
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Carrasco AG, Izquierdo-Lahuerta A, Valverde ÁM, Ni L, Flores-Salguero E, Coward RJ, Medina-Gómez G. The protective role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in lipotoxic podocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159329. [PMID: 37156296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes are specialized epithelial cells that maintain the glomerular filtration barrier. These cells are susceptible to lipotoxicity in the obese state and irreversibly lost during kidney disease leading to proteinuria and renal injury. PPARγ is a nuclear receptor whose activation can be renoprotective. This study examined the role of PPARγ in the lipotoxic podocyte using a PPARγ knockout (PPARγKO) cell line and since the activation of PPARγ by Thiazolidinediones (TZD) is limited by their side effects, it explored other alternative therapies to prevent podocyte lipotoxic damage. Wild-type and PPARγKO podocytes were exposed to the fatty acid palmitic acid (PA) and treated with the TZD (Pioglitazone) and/or the Retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist Bexarotene (BX). It revealed that podocyte PPARγ is essential for podocyte function. PPARγ deletion reduced key podocyte proteins including podocin and nephrin while increasing basal levels of oxidative and ER stress causing apoptosis and cell death. A combination therapy of low-dose TZD and BX activated both the PPARγ and RXR receptors reducing PA-induced podocyte damage. This study confirms the crucial role of PPARγ in podocyte biology and that their activation in combination therapy of TZD and BX may be beneficial in the treatment of obesity-related kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena G Carrasco
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Dpto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Avda. de Atenas s/n. 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana Izquierdo-Lahuerta
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Dpto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Avda. de Atenas s/n. 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- Institute of Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBER-dem), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; MEMORISM Research Unit of University Rey Juan Carlos-Institute of Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lan Ni
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elena Flores-Salguero
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Dpto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Avda. de Atenas s/n. 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Richard J Coward
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gema Medina-Gómez
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Dpto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Avda. de Atenas s/n. 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain; MEMORISM Research Unit of University Rey Juan Carlos-Institute of Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Hunley TE, Hidalgo G, Ng KH, Shirai Y, Miura K, Beng HM, Wu Q, Hattori M, Smoyer WE. Pioglitazone enhances proteinuria reduction in complicated pediatric nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:1127-1138. [PMID: 35969278 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common pediatric kidney disease, yet current treatments for complicated NS are only partially effective and have significant toxicity. There is no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)- or European Medicines Agency (EMA)-approved safe and effective treatment for NS. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) have been shown to reduce proteinuria in both diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease and in preclinical studies to directly protect podocytes from injury and reduce proteinuria. Here, we report on the potential utility of the addition of the TZD pioglitazone (PIO) to enhance proteinuria reduction in 8 children and young adults with steroid dependent NS and steroid resistant NS. METHODS Clinical data were analyzed in comparable time periods before and after the addition of PIO to their medical regimens. Eight NS patients with minimal change NS (n = 2), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (n = 4), or collapsing FSGS (n = 2) were evaluated. RESULTS Prior to PIO initiation, all children and young adults had already received multiple immunosuppressive medications (mean = 3.75). Five of eight patients (63%; "Responders") had notable proteinuria reduction within 1 month of PIO initiation (62% reduction; P = 0.04) and normalization within 6 months (97% reduction; P = 0.04). PIO-related benefits among the responders included notable increases in serum albumin (2.5 to 3.7 g/dl; P = 0.08), dramatic reductions in hospitalizations for IV albumin infusions and diuresis (11 to 0; P < 0.01), and considerable reduction in total immunosuppression (43% reduction; P > 0.1). Importantly, no patients experienced any adverse events attributable to PIO during a total of 136 patient-months of treatment. CONCLUSIONS While confirmatory safety and efficacy studies are needed, these findings suggest pioglitazone (a non-immunosuppressive drug) may be useful to enhance proteinuria reduction in some children and young adults with complicated NS. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy E Hunley
- Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Guillermo Hidalgo
- Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
- K. Hovnanian Children's Hospital, HMH School of Medicine, Neptune, NJ, USA
| | - Kar Hui Ng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yoko Shirai
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hostensia M Beng
- Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Qiang Wu
- East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | | | - William E Smoyer
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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6
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Bryant C, Webb A, Banks AS, Chandler D, Govindarajan R, Agrawal S. Alternatively Spliced Landscape of PPARγ mRNA in Podocytes Is Distinct from Adipose Tissue. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213455. [PMID: 36359851 PMCID: PMC9653906 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are highly differentiated epithelial cells, and their structural and functional integrity is compromised in a majority of glomerular and renal diseases, leading to proteinuria, chronic kidney disease, and kidney failure. Traditional agonists (e.g., pioglitazone) and selective modulators (e.g., GQ-16) of peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-γ (PPARγ) reduce proteinuria in animal models of glomerular disease and protect podocytes from injury via PPARγ activation. This indicates a pivotal role for PPARγ in maintaining glomerular function through preservation of podocytes distinct from its well-understood role in driving insulin sensitivity and adipogenesis. While its transcriptional role in activating adipokines and adipogenic genes is well-established in adipose tissue, liver and muscle, understanding of podocyte PPARγ signaling remains limited. We performed a comprehensive analysis of PPARγ mRNA variants due to alternative splicing, in human podocytes and compared with adipose tissue. We found that podocytes express the ubiquitous PPARγ Var 1 (encoding γ1) and not Var2 (encoding γ2), which is mostly restricted to adipose tissue and liver. Additionally, we detected expression at very low level of Var4, and barely detectable levels of other variants, Var3, Var11, VartORF4 and Var9, in podocytes. Furthermore, a distinct podocyte vs. adipocyte PPAR-promoter-response-element containing gene expression, enrichment and pathway signature was observed, suggesting differential regulation by podocyte specific PPARγ1 variant, distinct from the adipocyte-specific γ2 variant. In summary, podocytes and glomeruli express several PPARγ variants, including Var1 (γ1) and excluding adipocyte-specific Var2 (γ2), which may have implications in podocyte specific signaling and pathophysiology. This suggests that that new selective PPARγ modulators can be potentially developed that will be able to distinguish between the two forms, γ1 and γ2, thus forming a basis of novel targeted therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bryant
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Amy Webb
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Alexander S. Banks
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dawn Chandler
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disease, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rajgopal Govindarajan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Translational Therapeutics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shipra Agrawal
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Correspondence:
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Sharma V, Patial V. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and its natural agonists in the treatment of kidney diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:991059. [PMID: 36339586 PMCID: PMC9634118 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.991059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is one of the leading non-communicable diseases related to tremendous health and economic burden globally. Diabetes, hypertension, obesity and cardiovascular conditions are the major risk factors for kidney disease, followed by infections, toxicity and autoimmune causes. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor that plays an essential role in kidney physiology and disease. The synthetic agonists of PPAR-γ shows a therapeutic effect in various kidney conditions; however, the associated side effect restricts their use. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in exploring natural products with PPARγ-activating potential, which can be a promising solution to developing effective and safe treatment of kidney diseases. In this review, we have discussed the role of PPAR-γ in the pathophysiology of kidney disease and the potential of natural PPAR-γ agonists in treating various kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, diabetic kidney disease, obesity-induced nephropathy, hypertension nephropathy and IgA nephropathy. PPAR-γ is a potential target for the natural PPAR-γ agonists against kidney disease; however, more studies are required in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinesh Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP, India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP, India
- *Correspondence: Vikram Patial, ,
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Fan C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Li J, Wang Y, Gao L, Han S. The effect of D-chiro-inositol on renal protection in diabetic mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:3416-3424. [PMID: 35439732 PMCID: PMC9085239 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
D-Chiro-inositol (DCI) exerts a hypoglycaemic effect, participates in lipid metabolism and reduces kidney damage. In this study, we preliminarily explored the protective effect of DCI on renal injury in diabetic mice. Male db/db mice were used in this study. After treatment with DCI (35 and 70 mg/kg/d) for 6 consecutive weeks, random blood glucose (RBG) measurements were conducted at 0 and 6 weeks. Creatinine (Cr) and serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were measured using assay kit, and morphological changes in the kidneys were observed by HE staining, Masson staining and electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical and Western blot experiments were used to examine the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). We discovered that the increased RBG levels were alleviated after treatment with DCI. Moreover, the Cr and BUN levels were reduced, glomerular mesangial hyperplasia was alleviated, and the degree of renal fibrosis was reduced. In addition, DCI improved the protein expression of MMP-9 and PPAR-γ in kidney tissue, which in turn inhibited NF-κB protein expression, as shown by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Our findings showed that DCI ameliorated the renal injury induced by diabetes by upregulating MMP-9 and PPAR-γ expression and downregulating NF-κB expression. We preliminarily concluded that the renal protective effect of DCI on diabetic mice may occurs through the MMP-9/NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxue Fan
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, PR China.,Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, Tangshan Key Laboratory for Preclinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, PR China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, PR China
| | - Junling Zhang
- School of Nursing and Health, Caofeidian College of Technology, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, PR China
| | - Jinwei Li
- School of Nursing and Health, Caofeidian College of Technology, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Nursing and Health, Caofeidian College of Technology, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, PR China
| | - Linghuan Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, PR China.,Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, Tangshan Key Laboratory for Preclinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, PR China
| | - Shuying Han
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, PR China.,Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, Tangshan Key Laboratory for Preclinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, PR China.,School of Nursing and Health, Caofeidian College of Technology, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, PR China
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9
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Wen Y, Rashid F, Fazal Z, Singh R, Spinella MJ, Irudayaraj J. Nephrotoxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)-effect on transcription and epigenetic factors. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2022; 8:dvac010. [PMID: 35633893 PMCID: PMC9134076 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a widespread persistent environmental pollutant implicated in nephrotoxicity with altered metabolism, carcinogenesis, and fibrosis potential. We studied the underlying epigenetic mechanism involving transcription factors of PFOS-induced kidney injury. A 14-day orally dosed mouse model was chosen to study acute influences in vivo. Messenger RNA expression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis were performed to elucidate the relationship between epigenetic regulators, transcription factors, kidney disease, and metabolism homeostasis. PFOS was found to accumulate in mouse kidney in a dose-dependent manner. Kidney injury markers Acta2 and Bcl2l1 increased in expression significantly. Transcription factors, including Nef2l2, Hes1, Ppara, and Ppard, were upregulated, while Smarca2 and Pparg were downregulated. Furthermore, global DNA methylation levels decreased and the gene expression of histone demethylases Kdm1a and Kdm4c were upregulated. Our work implicates PFOS-induced gene expression alterations in epigenetics, transcription factors, and kidney biomarkers with potential implications for kidney fibrosis and kidney carcinogenesis. Future experiments can focus on epigenetic mechanisms to establish a panel of PFOS-induced biomarkers for nephrotoxicity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zeeshan Fazal
- Biomedical Research Center, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, 509 W University Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ratnakar Singh
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Michael J Spinella
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- *Correspondence address. Biomedical Research Center, 3rd Floor Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, 509 W University Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Tel: (+217) 300-0525; E-mail:
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10
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Bryant C, Rask G, Waller AP, Webb A, Galdino-Pitta MR, Amato AA, Cianciolo R, Govindarajan R, Becknell B, Kerlin BA, Neves FA, Fornoni A, Agrawal S. Selective modulator of nuclear receptor PPARγ with reduced adipogenic potential ameliorates experimental nephrotic syndrome. iScience 2022; 25:104001. [PMID: 35310946 PMCID: PMC8927998 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular disease manifests as nephrotic syndrome (NS) with high proteinuria and comorbidities, and is frequently refractory to standard treatments. We hypothesized that a selective modulator of PPARγ, GQ-16, will provide therapeutic advantage over traditional PPARγ agonists for NS treatment. We demonstrate in a pre-clinical NS model that proteinuria is reduced with pioglitazone to 64%, and robustly with GQ-16 to 81% of nephrosis, comparable to controls. Although both GQ-16 and pioglitazone restore glomerular-Nphs1, hepatic-Pcsk9 and serum-cholesterol, only GQ-16 restores glomerular-Nrf2, and reduces hypoalbuminemia and hypercoagulopathy. GQ-16 and pioglitazone restore common and distinct glomerular gene expression analyzed by RNA-seq and induce insulin sensitizing adipokines to various degrees. Pioglitazone but not GQ-16 induces more lipid accumulation and aP2 in adipocytes and white adipose tissue. We conclude that selective modulation of PPARγ by a partial agonist, GQ-16, is more advantageous than pioglitazone in reducing proteinuria, NS associated comorbidities, and adipogenic side effects of full PPARγ agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bryant
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Galen Rask
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amanda P. Waller
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amy Webb
- The Ohio State University, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marina R. Galdino-Pitta
- Laboratory of Design and Drug Synthesis, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Angelica A. Amato
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Rachel Cianciolo
- Deptartment of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rajgopal Govindarajan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brian Becknell
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bryce A. Kerlin
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Francisco A.R. Neves
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Peggy and Harold Katz Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shipra Agrawal
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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11
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Wu WY, Wang ZX, Li TS, Ding XQ, Liu ZH, Yang J, Fang L, Kong LD. SSBP1 drives high fructose-induced glomerular podocyte ferroptosis via activating DNA-PK/p53 pathway. Redox Biol 2022; 52:102303. [PMID: 35390676 PMCID: PMC8990215 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
High fructose consumption is a significant risking factor for glomerular podocyte injury. However, the causes of high fructose-induced glomerular podocyte injury are still unclear. In this study, we reported a novel mechanism by which high fructose induced ferroptosis, a newly form of programmed cell death, in glomerular podocyte injury. We performed quantitative proteomic analysis in glomeruli of high fructose-fed rats to identify key regulating proteins involved in glomerular injury, and found that mitochondrial single-strand DNA-binding protein 1 (SSBP1) was markedly upregulated. Depletion of SSBP1 could alleviate high fructose-induced ferroptotic cell death in podocytes. Subsequently, we found that SSBP1 positively regulated a transcription factor p53 by interacting with DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and p53 to drive ferroptosis in high fructose-induced podocyte injury. Mechanically, SSBP1 activated DNA-PK to induce p53 phosphorylation at serine 15 (S15) to promote the nuclear accumulation of p53, and thereby inhibited expression of ferroptosis regulator solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) in high fructose-exposed podocytes. Natural antioxidant pterostilebene was showed to downregulate SSBP1 and then inhibit DNA-PK/p53 pathway in its alleviation of high fructose-induced glomerular podocyte ferroptosis and injury. This study identified SSBP1 as a novel intervention target against high fructose-induced podocyte ferroptosis and suggested that the suppression of SSBP1 by pterostilbene may be a potential therapy for the treatment of podocyte ferroptosis in glomerular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Tu-Shuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lei Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.
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12
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Gao J, Gu Z. The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Kidney Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:832732. [PMID: 35308207 PMCID: PMC8931476 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.832732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. Accumulating evidence suggests that PPARs may play an important role in the pathogenesis of kidney disease. All three members of the PPAR subfamily, PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, have been implicated in many renal pathophysiological conditions, including acute kidney injury, diabetic nephropathy, and chronic kidney disease, among others. Emerging data suggest that PPARs may be potential therapeutic targets for renal disease. This article reviews the physiological roles of PPARs in the kidney and discusses the therapeutic utility of PPAR agonists in the treatment of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyan Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaoyan Gu,
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13
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PPARγ and TGFβ-Major Regulators of Metabolism, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in the Lungs and Kidneys. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910431. [PMID: 34638771 PMCID: PMC8508998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a type II nuclear receptor, initially recognized in adipose tissue for its role in fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism. It promotes lipid uptake and adipogenesis by increasing insulin sensitivity and adiponectin release. Later, PPARγ was implicated in cardiac development and in critical conditions such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and kidney failure. Recently, a cluster of different papers linked PPARγ signaling with another superfamily, the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), and its receptors, all of which play a major role in PAH and kidney failure. TGFβ is a multifunctional cytokine that drives inflammation, fibrosis, and cell differentiation while PPARγ activation reverses these adverse events in many models. Such opposite biological effects emphasize the delicate balance and complex crosstalk between PPARγ and TGFβ. Based on solid experimental and clinical evidence, the present review summarizes connections and their implications for PAH and kidney failure, highlighting the similarities and differences between lung and kidney mechanisms as well as discussing the therapeutic potential of PPARγ agonist pioglitazone.
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14
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Wang D, Zhao T, Zhao Y, Yin Y, Huang Y, Cheng Z, Wang B, Liu S, Pan M, Sun D, Wang Z, Zhu G. PPARγ Mediates the Anti-Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Effects of FGF1 ΔHBS in Chronic Kidney Diseases via Inhibition of TGF-β1/SMAD3 Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:690535. [PMID: 34149434 PMCID: PMC8209477 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.690535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are essential components of the glomerular basement membrane. Epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) in podocytes results in proteinuria. Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) protects renal function against diabetic nephropathy (DN). In the present study, we showed that treatment with an FGF1 variant with decreased mitogenic potency (FGF1ΔHBS) inhibited podocyte EMT, depletion, renal fibrosis, and preserved renal function in two nephropathy models. Mechanistic studies revealed that the inhibitory effects of FGF1ΔHBS podocyte EMT were mediated by decreased expression of transforming growth factor β1 via upregulation of PPARγ. FGF1ΔHBS enhanced the interaction between PPARγ and SMAD3 and suppressed SMAD3 nuclei translocation. We found that the anti-EMT activities of FGF1ΔHBS were independent of glucose-lowering effects. These findings expand the potential uses of FGF1ΔHBS in the treatment of diseases associated with EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhong Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences and Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tianyang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yushuo Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuli Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zizhao Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sidan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Minling Pan
- Institute of Life Sciences and Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Difei Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences and Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zengshou Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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15
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Sharma A, Bourey RE, Edwards JC, Brink DS, Albert SG. Nephrotic range proteinuria associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis reversed with pioglitazone therapy in a patient with Dunnigan type lipodystrophy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 172:108620. [PMID: 33316307 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Familial partiallipodystrophy (FPLD)is a rare disorder associated withsevere insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, lowserumHDLcholesterol and proteinuricrenaldisease. Although proteinuric renal disease is not common among in patients with partial lipodystrophy, we report a patient with Dunnigan type FPLD complicated by nephrotic syndrome which resolved following treatment with thePPARγagonist pioglitazone, CPAP, diet, and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjul Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Raymond E Bourey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, United States
| | | | | | - Stewart G Albert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, United States
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16
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Abstract
Nuclear receptors have a broad spectrum of biological functions in normal physiology and in the pathology of various diseases, including glomerular disease. The primary therapies for many glomerular diseases are glucocorticoids, which exert their immunosuppressive and direct podocyte protective effects via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). As glucocorticoids are associated with important adverse effects and a substantial proportion of patients show resistance to these therapies, the beneficial effects of selective GR modulators are now being explored. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonism using thiazolidinediones has potent podocyte cytoprotective and nephroprotective effects. Repurposing of thiazolidinediones or identification of novel PPARγ modulators are potential strategies to treat non-diabetic glomerular disease. Retinoic acid receptor-α is the key mediator of the renal protective effects of retinoic acid, and repair of the endogenous retinoic acid pathway offers another potential therapeutic strategy for glomerular disease. Vitamin D receptor, oestrogen receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor modulators regulate podocyte injury in experimental models. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms of these nuclear receptors, evaluate their synergistic pathways and identify their novel modulators. Here, we focus on the role of nuclear receptors in podocyte biology and non-diabetic glomerular disease.
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17
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Dai ZW, Cai KD, Xu LC, Wang LL. Perilipin2 inhibits diabetic nephropathy-induced podocyte apoptosis by activating the PPARγ signaling pathway. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 53:101584. [PMID: 32387304 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Podocyte apoptosis plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of perilipin2 on high glucose (HG)-induced podocyte apoptosis and associated mechanisms. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in BTBR ob/ob mice vs. nondiabetic mice kidneys were obtained from GSE106841 dataset and picked out using the 'limma' package. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and was visualized by Cytoscape. Perilipin2 was a hub gene using the cytoHubba plug-in from Cytoscape. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the 126 overlapping DEGs were mainly enriched in 'oxidation reduction' [biological process, (BP)], metal ion binding' [molecular function, (MF)] and 'extracellular region' [cellular component, (CC)]. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that perilipin2 was mainly involved in 'PPAR signaling pathway'. DN inhibited perilipin2 expression and PPARγ expression, as by both in vitro and in vivo studies. In vitro experiments demonstrated that perilipin2 inhibition could not only reduced PPARγ expression in podocytes, it could also promote the apoptosis, and inhibit the viability in HG treated podocytes using western blot, CCK8 and flow cytometry assays. Perilipin2 overexpression reversed the effects of HG on inhibiting podocalyxin, nephrin, precursor (pro)-caspase-3/-9 and PPARγ protein expression and increasing cleaved caspase-3/-9 protein expression. Furthermore, the functions of perilipin2 overexpression reversing HG-induced podocyte apoptosis were inhibited by PPARγ inhibitor. In conclusion, the functions of DN-induced podocyte apoptosis were inhibited by activation of the PPARγ signaling pathway caused by perilipin2 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315010, China; Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315010, China.
| | - Ke-Dan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315010, China; Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315010, China
| | - Ling-Cang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315010, China; Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315010, China
| | - Lai-Liang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315010, China; Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315010, China
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18
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PPAR γ and Its Agonists in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Nephrol 2020; 2020:2917474. [PMID: 32158560 PMCID: PMC7060840 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2917474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a global healthcare issue. CKD can progress to irreversible end-stage renal diseases (ESRD) or renal failure. The major risk factors for CKD include obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the key process involved in the disease development may lead to novel interventive strategies, which is currently lagging behind. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is one of the ligand-activated transcription factor superfamily members and is globally expressed in human tissues. Its agonists such as thiazolidinediones (TZDs) have been applied as effective antidiabetic drugs as they control insulin sensitivity in multiple metabolic tissues. Besides, TZDs exert protective effects in multiple other CKD risk disease contexts. As PPARγ is abundantly expressed in major kidney cells, its physiological roles in those cells have been studied in both cell and animal models. The function of PPARγ in the kidney ranges from energy metabolism, cell proliferation to inflammatory suppression, although major renal side effects of existing agonists (including TZDs) have been reported, which limited their application in treating CKD. In the current review, we systemically assess the function of PPARγ in CKDs and the benefits and current limitations of its agonists in the clinical applications.
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19
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Pioglitazone attenuates kidney injury in an experimental model of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13689. [PMID: 31548602 PMCID: PMC6757036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49835-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gentamicin, belonging to the aminoglycosides, possesses the greatest nephrotoxic effect of all other antibiotics from this group. On the other hand, pioglitazone, which represents peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist recently showed antiinflamatory, antioxidative effects, amelioration of endothelial dysfunction etc. Therefore, the goal of our study was to investigate the effects of pioglitazone on kidney injury in an experimental model of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. These effects were observed by following values of biochemical (serum urea and creatinine) parametars, total histological kidney score, urine level of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as well as parametars of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, total oxidant status, total antioxidant status, oxidative stress index and advanced oxidation protein products). It seems that pioglitazone protects the injured rat kidney in a U-shaped manner. Medium dose of pioglitazone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was protective regarding biochemical (serum urea and creatinine), total histological score and the values of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) (P < 0.05 vs. control group, i.e. rats injected with gentamicin only). This finding could be of great importance for the wider use of aminoglycosides, with therapy that would reduce the occurrence of serious adverse effects, such as nephrotoxicity and acute renal failure.
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20
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Hénique C, Lenoir O, Karras A, Tharaux PL. Local miscommunications between glomerular cells as potential therapeutic targets for crescentic glomerulonephritides. Nephrol Ther 2019; 15 Suppl 1:S1-S5. [PMID: 30981386 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing and crescentic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis or crescentic glomerulonephritis is one of the severest forms of acquired glomerular diseases with significant mortality. Risk of end-stage renal failure at 5 years is near 30%, with a number of patients developing chronic kidney disease. Currently, autoimmune crescentic glomerulonephritides are treated with broad-spectrum immunosuppression inducing remission of the injury in the majority of patients. However, treatment is associated with significant side effects and by the time remission is achieved the majority of patients have developed renal tissue damage and significant impairment of their kidney function with a steep slope of deterioration within the first weeks following initiation of immunosuppression. It is therefore important to develop complementary strategies that would be immediately active on the common process of destructive epithelial processes. We have worked to identify the major cellular pathways contributing to glomerular destruction in this context by a systematic comparison of patient tissues and experimental models. Our studies demonstrate the pivotal role of local intra- and intercellular communications in orchestrating the global glomerular tolerance to a severe rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis model with excellent anatomoclinical correlative expressions in kidney biopsies of individuals diagnosed with crescentic glomerulonephritis, irrespectively of the causal immune disorder. We hope that such approaches deciphering mechanisms of cellular adaptation that underlie kidney damage control in response to vasculitides, integrating both stress and damage responses, will delineate novel complementary therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Hénique
- Inserm, Paris Cardiovascular Centre (Parcc), 56, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 12, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Inserm, équipe 21, U955 institut Mondor de recherche biomédicale, 8, rue du Général-Sarrail, 94010 Créteil cedex, France; Université Paris Est Créteil, 8, rue du Général-Sarrail, 94010 Créteil cedex, France
| | - Olivia Lenoir
- Inserm, Paris Cardiovascular Centre (Parcc), 56, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 12, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Karras
- Inserm, Paris Cardiovascular Centre (Parcc), 56, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 12, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Renal Division, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, Assistance publique-hôpitaux de Paris, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- Inserm, Paris Cardiovascular Centre (Parcc), 56, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 12, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.
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21
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Empitu MA, Kadariswantiningsih IN, Aizawa M, Asanuma K. MAGI-2 and scaffold proteins in glomerulopathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1336-F1344. [PMID: 30110567 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00292.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In many cells and tissues, including the glomerular filtration barrier, scaffold proteins are critical in optimizing signal transduction by enhancing structural stability and functionality of their ligands. Recently, mutations in scaffold protein membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted 2 (MAGI-2) encoding gene were identified among the etiology of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. MAGI-2 interacts with core proteins of multiple pathways, such as transforming growth factor-β signaling, planar cell polarity pathway, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in podocyte and slit diaphragm. Through the interaction with its ligand, MAGI-2 modulates the regulation of apoptosis, cytoskeletal reorganization, and glomerular development. This review aims to summarize recent findings on the role of MAGI-2 and some other scaffold proteins, such as nephrin and synaptopodin, in the underlying mechanisms of glomerulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulana A Empitu
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University , Chiba , Japan.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia
| | - Ika N Kadariswantiningsih
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University , Chiba , Japan.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia
| | - Masashi Aizawa
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University , Chiba , Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Asanuma
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University , Chiba , Japan
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22
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Guo H, Wang B, Li H, Ling L, Niu J, Gu Y. Glucagon-like peptide-1 analog prevents obesity-related glomerulopathy by inhibiting excessive autophagy in podocytes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 314:F181-F189. [PMID: 29070572 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00302.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of glucagon-like peptide-1 analog (GLP-1) in high-fat diet-induced obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG). Male C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet for 12 wk were treated with GLP-1 (200 μg/kg) or 0.9% saline for 4 wk. Fasting blood glucose and insulin and the expression of podocin, nephrin, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), glucose transporter type (Glut4), and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) were assayed. Glomerular morphology and podocyte foot structure were evaluated by periodic acid-Schiff staining and electron microscopy. Podocytes were treated with 150 nM GLP-1 and incubated with 400 μM palmitic acid (PA) for 12 h. The effect on autophagy was assessed by podocyte-specific Glut4 siRNA. Insulin resistance and autophagy were assayed by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The high-fat diet resulted in weight gain, ectopic glomerular lipid accumulation, increased insulin resistance, and fusion of podophyte foot processes. The decreased translocation of Glut4 to the plasma membrane and excess autophagy seen in mice fed a high-fat diet and in PA-treated cultured podocytes were attenuated by GLP-1. Podocyte-specific Glut4 siRNA promoted autophagy, and rapamycin-enhanced autophagy worsened the podocyte injury caused by PA. Excess autophagy in podocytes was induced by inhibition of Glut4 translocation to the plasma membrane and was involved in the pathology of ORG. GLP-1 restored insulin sensitivity and ameliorated renal injury by decreasing the level of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Guo
- Division of Nephrology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital), Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Division of Nephrology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Lilu Ling
- Division of Nephrology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jianying Niu
- Division of Nephrology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yong Gu
- Division of Nephrology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital and Institute of Nephrology, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
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23
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Platt C, Coward RJ. Peroxisome proliferator activating receptor-γ and the podocyte. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017; 32:423-433. [PMID: 27697843 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades it has become clear that the glomerular podocyte is a key cell in preventing albuminuria, kidney failure and cardiovascular morbidity. Understanding the key pathways that protect the podocyte in times of glomerular stress, which can also be therapeutically manipulated, are highly attractive. In the following review we assess the evidence that the peroxisome proliferator activating receptor (PPAR) agonists are beneficial for podocyte and kidney function with a focus on PPAR-γ. We explain our current understanding of the mechanisms of action of these agonists and the evidence they are beneficial in diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease. We also outline why these drugs have not been widely used for kidney disease in the past but they may be in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard J Coward
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, United Kingdom
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24
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Rinschen MM, Hoppe AK, Grahammer F, Kann M, Völker LA, Schurek EM, Binz J, Höhne M, Demir F, Malisic M, Huber TB, Kurschat C, Kizhakkedathu JN, Schermer B, Huesgen PF, Benzing T. N-Degradomic Analysis Reveals a Proteolytic Network Processing the Podocyte Cytoskeleton. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2867-2878. [PMID: 28724775 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated intracellular proteostasis, controlled in part by proteolysis, is essential in maintaining the integrity of podocytes and the glomerular filtration barrier of the kidney. We applied a novel proteomics technology that enables proteome-wide identification, mapping, and quantification of protein N-termini to comprehensively characterize cleaved podocyte proteins in the glomerulus in vivo We found evidence that defined proteolytic cleavage results in various proteoforms of important podocyte proteins, including those of podocin, nephrin, neph1, α-actinin-4, and vimentin. Quantitative mapping of N-termini demonstrated perturbation of protease action during podocyte injury in vitro, including diminished proteolysis of α-actinin-4. Differentially regulated protease substrates comprised cytoskeletal proteins as well as intermediate filaments. Determination of preferential protease motifs during podocyte damage indicated activation of caspase proteases and inhibition of arginine-specific proteases. Several proteolytic processes were clearly site-specific, were conserved across species, and could be confirmed by differential migration behavior of protein fragments in gel electrophoresis. Some of the proteolytic changes discovered in vitro also occurred in two in vivo models of podocyte damage (WT1 heterozygous knockout mice and puromycin aminonucleoside-treated rats). Thus, we provide direct and systems-level evidence that the slit diaphragm and podocyte cytoskeleton are regulated targets of proteolytic modification, which is altered upon podocyte damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Rinschen
- Department II of Internal Medicine.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC).,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), and.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (Sybacol), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Hoppe
- Department II of Internal Medicine.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)
| | - Florian Grahammer
- Department of Medicine III, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Kann
- Department II of Internal Medicine.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)
| | - Linus A Völker
- Department II of Internal Medicine.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)
| | - Eva-Maria Schurek
- Department II of Internal Medicine.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)
| | - Julie Binz
- Department II of Internal Medicine.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)
| | - Martin Höhne
- Department II of Internal Medicine.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC).,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), and.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (Sybacol), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fatih Demir
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Milena Malisic
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- Department of Medicine III, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies and Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany; and
| | - Christine Kurschat
- Department II of Internal Medicine.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)
| | - Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC).,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), and.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (Sybacol), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pitter F Huesgen
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany;
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine, .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC).,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), and.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (Sybacol), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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25
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Guo H, Cao A, Chu S, Wang Y, Zang Y, Mao X, Wang H, Wang Y, Liu C, Zhang X, Peng W. Astragaloside IV Attenuates Podocyte Apoptosis Mediated by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress through Upregulating Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2+-ATPase 2 Expression in Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:500. [PMID: 28066247 PMCID: PMC5174081 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. This protein has been recognized as a potential target for diabetic therapy. In this study, we identified astragaloside IV (AS-IV) as a potent modulator of SERCA inhibiting renal injury in diabetic status. Increasing doses of AS-IV (2, 6, and 18 mg kg-1 day-1) were administered intragastrically to db/db mice for 8 weeks. Biochemical and histopathological approaches were conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects of AS-IV. Cultured mouse podocytes were used to further explore the underlying mechanism in vitro. AS-IV dose-dependently increased SERCA activity and SERCA2 expression, and suppressed ER stress-mediated and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in db/db mouse kidney. AS-IV also normalized glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, improved renal function, and ameliorated glomerulosclerosis and renal inflammation in db/db mice. In palmitate stimulated podocytes, AS-IV markedly improved inhibitions of SERCA activity and SERCA2 expression, restored intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and attenuated podocyte apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner with a concomitant abrogation of ER stress as evidenced by the downregulation of GRP78, cleaved ATF6, phospho-IRE1α and phospho-PERK, and the inactivation of both ER stress-mediated and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathways. Furthermore, SERCA2b knockdown eliminated the effect of AS-IV on ER stress and ER stress-mediated apoptotic pathway, whereas its overexpression exhibited an anti-apoptotic effect. Our data obtained from in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate that AS-IV attenuates renal injury in diabetes subsequent to inhibiting ER stress-induced podocyte apoptosis through restoring SERCA activity and SERCA2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengjiang Guo
- Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Aili Cao
- Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Chu
- Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjun Zang
- Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Mao
- Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Yunman Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Experimental Research Center, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Peng
- Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China; Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China
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26
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Zhang SS, Wu Z, Zhang Z, Xiong ZY, Chen H, Huang QB. Glucagon-like peptide-1 inhibits the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts to prevent podocyte apoptosis induced by advanced oxidative protein products. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:1413-1419. [PMID: 27965099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether and how glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) can protect podocytes from apoptosis induced by advanced oxidative protein products (AOPPs). METHODS Murine podocytes were stimulated with 200 μg/ml AOPP for 48 h in the presence or absence of GLP-1. Cell viability was assessed using the cell counting kit-8 assay. Podocyte apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 staining. Superoxide radical production was assayed using lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence, and Western blotting was used to measure expression of RAGE, NADPH oxidase subunits p47phox and gp91phox, as well as apoptosis-associated proteins p53, Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3. RESULTS Incubating podocytes with AOPPs reduced cell viability, triggered changes in cell morphology and promoted apoptosis. GLP-1 partially inhibited AOPP-induced apoptosis, O2- overproduction, and AOPP-induced expression of RAGE. GLP-1 inhibited expression of p47phox and gp91phox in AOPP-treated podocytes, and it attenuated AOPP-induced expression of p53, Bax and cleaved caspase-3, whereas it restored expression of Bcl-2. CONCLUSION GLP-1 partially inhibits AOPP-induced apoptosis in podocytes, perhaps by interfering with the AOPP-RAGE axis, decreasing oxidative stress and inhibiting the downstream p53/Bax/caspase-3 apoptotic pathway. GLP-1 may be a useful anti-apoptotic agent for early intervention in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Shuang Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Wu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou-Yi Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qiao-Bing Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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27
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Sonneveld R, Hoenderop JG, Isidori AM, Henique C, Dijkman HB, Berden JH, Tharaux PL, van der Vlag J, Nijenhuis T. Sildenafil Prevents Podocyte Injury via PPAR- γ-Mediated TRPC6 Inhibition. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:1491-1505. [PMID: 27895156 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015080885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential channel C6 (TRPC6) gain-of-function mutations and increased TRPC6 expression in podocytes induce glomerular injury and proteinuria. Sildenafil reduces TRPC6 expression and activity in nonrenal cell types, although the mechanism is unknown. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) is a downstream target of sildenafil in the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-activated protein kinase G (PKG) axis. PPAR-γ agonists, like pioglitazone, appear antiproteinuric. We hypothesized that sildenafil inhibits TRPC6 expression in podocytes through PPAR-γ-dependent mechanisms, thereby counteracting podocyte injury and proteinuria. Treatment with sildenafil, the cGMP derivative 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate sodium salt (8-Br-cGMP), or pioglitazone dose-dependently downregulated podocyte injury-induced TRPC6 expression in vitro Knockdown or application of antagonists of PKG or PPAR-γ enhanced TRPC6 expression in podocytes and counteracted effects of sildenafil and 8-Br-cGMP. We observed similar effects on TRPC6 promoter activity and TRPC6-dependent calcium influx. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed PPAR-γ binding to the TRPC6 promoter. Sildenafil or pioglitazone treatment prevented proteinuria and the increased TRPC6 expression in rats with adriamycin-induced nephropathy and mice with hyperglycemia-induced renal injury. Rats receiving PPAR-γ antagonists displayed proteinuria and increased podocyte TRPC6 expression, as did podocyte-specific PPAR-γ knockout mice, which were more sensitive to adriamycin and not protected by sildenafil. Thus, sildenafil ameliorates podocyte injury and prevents proteinuria through cGMP- and PKG-dependent binding of PPAR-γ to the TRPC6 promoter, which inhibits TRPC6 promoter activity, expression, and activity. Because sildenafil is approved for clinical use, our results suggest that additional clinical study of its antiproteinuric effect in glomerular disease is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carole Henique
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; and
| | - Henry B Dijkman
- Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; and.,Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
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28
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Calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporin A and tacrolimus protect against podocyte injury induced by puromycin aminonucleoside in rodent models. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32087. [PMID: 27580845 PMCID: PMC5007516 DOI: 10.1038/srep32087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury and the appearance of proteinuria are features of minimal-change disease (MCD). Cyclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506) has been reported to reduce proteinuria in patients with nephrotic syndrome, but mechanisms remain unknown. We, therefore, investigated the protective mechanisms of CsA and FK506 on proteinuria in a rat model of MCD induced by puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) and in vitro cultured mouse podocytes. Our results showed that CsA and FK506 treatment decreased proteinuria via a mechanism associated to a reduction in the foot-process fusion and desmin, and a recovery of synaptopodin and podocin. In PAN-treated mouse podocytes, pre-incubation with CsA and FK506 restored the distribution of the actin cytoskeleton, increased the expression of synaptopodin and podocin, improved podocyte viability, and reduced the migrating activities of podocytes. Treatment with CsA and FK506 also inhibited PAN-induced podocytes apoptosis, which was associated with the induction of Bcl-xL and inhibition of Bax, cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved PARP expression. Further studies revealed that CsA and FK506 inhibited PAN-induced p38 and JNK signaling, thereby protecting podocytes from PAN-induced injury. In conclusion, CsA and FK506 inhibit proteinuria by protecting against PAN-induced podocyte injury, which may be associated with inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway.
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29
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Matsushita K, Yang HC, Mysore MM, Zhong J, Shyr Y, Ma LJ, Fogo AB. Effects of combination PPARγ agonist and angiotensin receptor blocker on glomerulosclerosis. J Transl Med 2016; 96:602-9. [PMID: 26999660 PMCID: PMC6117161 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously observed that high-dose angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) can induce regression of existing glomerulosclerosis. We also found that proliferator-activated recepto-γ (PPARγ) agonist can attenuate glomerulosclerosis in a nondiabetic model of kidney disease, with specific protection of podocytes. We now assessed effects of combination therapy with ARB and pioglitazone on established glomerulosclerosis. Sprague-Dawley male rats underwent 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) at week 0 and renal biopsy at week 8. Rats were randomized to groups with equal starting moderate glomerulosclerosis, and treated with ARB, PPARγ agonist (pioglitazone), combination or vehicle from weeks 8 to 12. Body weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and urinary protein (UP) were measured at intervals. In rats with established sclerosis, SBP, UP, and GS were equal in all groups at week 8 before treatment by study design. Untreated control rats had hypertension, decreased GFR, and progressive proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis at week 12. Only combination therapy significantly ameliorated hypertension and proteinuria. ARB alone or pioglitazone alone had only numerically lower SBP and UP than vehicle at week 12. Both pioglitazone alone and combination had significantly less decline in GFR than vehicle. Combination-induced regression of glomerulosclerosis in more rats from weeks 8 to 12 than ARB or pioglitazone alone. In parallel, combination treatment reduced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression and macrophage infiltration, and preserved podocytes compared with vehicle. These results were linked to increased AT2 receptor and Mas1 mRNA in the combination group. PPARγ agonists in combination with ARB augment regression of glomerulosclerosis, with downregulation of injurious RAAS components vs PPARγ alone, with increased anti-fibrotic/healing RAAS components, enhanced podocyte preservation, and decreased inflammation and profibrotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Matsushita
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hai-Chun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Manu M Mysore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA and
| | - Jianyong Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yu Shyr
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Li-Jun Ma
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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30
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Agrawal S, Chanley MA, Westbrook D, Nie X, Kitao T, Guess AJ, Benndorf R, Hidalgo G, Smoyer WE. Pioglitazone Enhances the Beneficial Effects of Glucocorticoids in Experimental Nephrotic Syndrome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24392. [PMID: 27142691 PMCID: PMC4855145 DOI: 10.1038/srep24392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are the primary therapy for nephrotic syndrome (NS), but have serious side effects and are ineffective in ~20-50% of patients. Thiazolidinediones have recently been suggested to be renoprotective, and to modulate podocyte glucocorticoid-mediated nuclear receptor signaling. We hypothesized that thiazolidinediones could enhance glucocorticoid efficacy in NS. We found that puromycin aminonucleoside-induced proteinuria in rats was significantly reduced by both high-dose glucocorticoids (79%) and pioglitazone (61%), but not low-dose glucocorticoids (25%). Remarkably, pioglitazone + low-dose glucocorticoids also reduced proteinuria (63%) comparably to high-dose glucocorticoids, whereas pioglitazone + high-dose glucocorticoids reduced proteinuria to almost control levels (97%). Molecular analysis revealed that both glucocorticoids and pioglitazone enhanced glomerular synaptopodin and nephrin expression, and reduced COX-2 expression, after injury. Furthermore, the glomerular phosphorylation of glucocorticoid receptor and Akt, but not PPARγ, correlated with treatment-induced reductions in proteinuria. Notably, clinical translation of these findings to a child with refractory NS by the addition of pioglitazone to the treatment correlated with marked reductions in both proteinuria (80%) and overall immunosuppression (64%). These findings together suggest that repurposing pioglitazone could potentially enhance the proteinuria-reducing effects of glucocorticoids during NS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Agrawal
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M A Chanley
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D Westbrook
- James and Connie Maynard Children's Hospital, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - X Nie
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T Kitao
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - A J Guess
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - R Benndorf
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - G Hidalgo
- James and Connie Maynard Children's Hospital, Greenville, NC, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - W E Smoyer
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Abstract
In the last few decades, rapid changes in lifestyle have led to an alarming increase in the prevalence of obesity and obesity-associated complications. Obese patients are at increased risk of developing hypertension, heart disease, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes and kidney disease. The surplus of calories is normally stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue. However, excess lipids can also accumulate ectopically in other organs, including the kidney, contributing to their damage through toxic processes named lipotoxicity. The kidney is negatively affected by dyslipidemia, lipid accumulation and changes in circulating adipokines that bring about alterations in renal lipid metabolism and promote insulin resistance, generation of reactive oxygen species and endoplasmic reticulum stress, ultimately leading to alterations in the glomerular filtration barrier and renal failure. This review focuses on the pathogenic molecular mechanisms associated with renal lipotoxicity, and presents new insights about potential new therapeutic targets and biomarkers such as microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, of relevance for the early detection of lipid-associated kidney disease.
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32
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Podocyte directed therapy of nephrotic syndrome-can we bring the inside out? Pediatr Nephrol 2016; 31:393-405. [PMID: 25939817 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-015-3116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several of the drugs currently used for the treatment of glomerular diseases are prescribed for their immunotherapeutic or anti-inflammatory properties, based on the current understanding that glomerular diseases are mediated by immune responses. In recent years our understanding of podocytic signalling pathways and the crucial role of genetic predispositions in the pathology of glomerular diseases has broadened. Delineation of those signalling pathways supports the hypothesis that several of the medications and immunosuppressive agents used to treat glomerular diseases directly target glomerular podocytes. Several central downstream signalling pathways merge into regulatory pathways of the podocytic actin cytoskeleton and its connection to the slit diaphragm. The slit diaphragm and the cytoskeleton of the foot process represent a functional unit. A breakdown of the cytoskeletal backbone of the foot processes leads to internalization of slit diaphragm molecules, and internalization of slit diaphragm components in turn negatively affects cytoskeletal signalling pathways. Podocytes display a remarkable ability to recover from complete effacement and to re-form interdigitating foot processes and intact slit diaphragms after pharmacological intervention. This ability indicates an active inside-out signalling machinery which stabilizes integrin complex formations and triggers the recycling of slit diaphragm molecules from intracellular compartments to the cell surface. In this review we summarize current evidence from patient studies and model organisms on the direct impact of immunosuppressive and supportive drugs on podocyte signalling pathways. We highlight new therapeutic targets that may open novel opportunities to enhance and stabilize inside-out pathways in podocytes.
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Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 protects podocytes from apoptosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21664. [PMID: 26876672 PMCID: PMC4753499 DOI: 10.1038/srep21664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of podocytes is an early feature of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and predicts its progression. We found that treatment of podocytes with sera from normoalbuminuric type 1 diabetes patients with high lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activity, known to predict progression of DN, downregulated CDK2 (cyclin-dependent kinase 2). LPS-treatment of mice also reduced CDK2 expression. LPS-induced downregulation of CDK2 was prevented in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway using immunomodulatory agent GIT27. We also observed that CDK2 is downregulated in the glomeruli of obese Zucker rats before the onset of proteinuria. Knockdown of CDK2, or inhibiting its activity with roscovitine in podocytes increased apoptosis. CDK2 knockdown also reduced expression of PDK1, an activator of the cell survival kinase Akt, and reduced Akt phosphorylation. This suggests that CDK2 regulates the activity of the cell survival pathway via PDK1. Furthermore, PDK1 knockdown reduced the expression of CDK2 suggesting a regulatory loop between CDK2 and PDK1. Collectively, our data show that CDK2 protects podocytes from apoptosis and that reduced expression of CDK2 associates with the development of DN. Preventing downregulation of CDK2 by blocking the TLR pathway with GIT27 may provide a means to prevent podocyte apoptosis and progression of DN.
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Up-regulation of Serum MiR-130b-3p Level is Associated with Renal Damage in Early Lupus Nephritis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12644. [PMID: 26316103 PMCID: PMC4551961 DOI: 10.1038/srep12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common but severe autoimmune systemic inflammatory disease. Lupus nephritis (LN) is a serious complication of SLE,affecting up to 70% of SLE patients. Circulating microRNAs (miRNA) are emerging as biomarkers for pathological conditions and play significant roles in intercellular communication. In present research, serum samples from healthy control, early and late stage LN patients were used to analyze the expression profile of miRNAs by microarray. Subsequent study demonstrated that miR-130b-3p in serum of patients with early stage LN were significantly up-regulated when compared with healthy controls. In addition,we have also observed that the expression of a large amount of circulating microRNAs significantly decreased in patients with late stage LN. The further analysis found that the expression of serum miR-130b-3p was positively correlated with 24-hour proteinuria and renal chronicity index in patients with early stage LN.Transfection of renal tubular cellline(HK-2)with miR-130b-3p mimics can promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The opposite effects were observed when transfected with miR-130b-3p inhibitors. MiR-130b-3p negatively regulated ERBB2IP expression by directly targeting the 3′-UTR of ERBB2IP The circulating miR-130b-3p might serve as a biomarker and play an important role in renal damage in early stage LN patients.
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Zhou YS, Ihmoda IA, Phelps RG, Bellamy CO, Turner AN. Following specific podocyte injury captopril protects against progressive long term renal damage. F1000Res 2015; 4:172. [PMID: 26629332 PMCID: PMC4642846 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.4030.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) reduce proteinuria and preserve kidney function in proteinuric renal diseases. Their nephroprotective effect exceeds that attributable to lowering of blood pressure alone. This study examines the potential of ACEi to protect from progression of injury after a highly specific injury to podocytes in a mouse model. METHODS We created transgenic (Podo-DTR) mice in which graded specific podocyte injury could be induced by a single injection of diphtheria toxin. Transgenic and wild-type mice were given the ACEi captopril in drinking water, or water alone, commencing 24h after toxin injection. Kidneys were examined histologically at 8 weeks and injury assessed by observers blinded to experimental group. RESULTS After toxin injection, Podo-DTR mice developed acute proteinuria, and at higher doses transient renal impairment, which subsided within 3 weeks to be followed by a slow glomerular scarring process. Captopril treatment in Podo-DTR line 57 after toxin injection at 5ng/g body weight reduced proteinuria and ameliorated glomerular scarring, matrix accumulation and glomerulosclerosis almost to baseline (toxin: 17%; toxin + ACEi 10%, p<0.04; control 7% glomerular scarring). Podocyte counts were reduced after toxin treatment and showed no recovery irrespective of captopril treatment (7.1 and 7.3 podocytes per glomerular cross section in water and captopril-treated animals compared with 8.2 of wild-type controls, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Observations in Podo-DTR mice support the hypothesis that continuing podocyte dysfunction is a key abnormality in proteinuric disease. Our model is ideal for studying strategies to protect the kidney from progressive injury following podocyte depletion. Demonstrable protective effects from captopril occur, despite indiscernible preservation or restoration of podocyte counts, at least after this degree of relatively mild injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu S Zhou
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Renal Medicine, University of Edinburgh and Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Ihmoda A Ihmoda
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Renal Medicine, University of Edinburgh and Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Richard G Phelps
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Renal Medicine, University of Edinburgh and Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Christopher Os Bellamy
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Renal Medicine, University of Edinburgh and Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - A Neil Turner
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Renal Medicine, University of Edinburgh and Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
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Henique C, Bollee G, Lenoir O, Dhaun N, Camus M, Chipont A, Flosseau K, Mandet C, Yamamoto M, Karras A, Thervet E, Bruneval P, Nochy D, Mesnard L, Tharaux PL. Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Drives Podocyte-Specific Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Essential for Resistance to Crescentic GN. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:172-88. [PMID: 25999406 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014111080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing and crescentic rapidly progressive GN (RPGN) is a life-threatening syndrome characterized by a rapid loss of renal function. Evidence suggests that podocyte expression of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) may prevent podocyte injury, but the function of glomerular PPARγ in acute, severe inflammatory GN is unknown. Here, we observed marked loss of PPARγ abundance and transcriptional activity in glomerular podocytes in experimental RPGN. Blunted expression of PPARγ in podocyte nuclei was also found in kidneys from patients diagnosed with crescentic GN. Podocyte-specific Pparγ gene targeting accentuated glomerular damage, with increased urinary loss of albumin and severe kidney failure. Furthermore, a PPARγ gain-of-function approach achieved by systemic administration of thiazolidinedione (TZD) failed to prevent severe RPGN in mice with podocyte-specific Pparγ gene deficiency. In nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-deficient mice, loss of podocyte PPARγ was observed at baseline. NRF2 deficiency markedly aggravated the course of RPGN, an effect that was partially prevented by TZD administration. Furthermore, delayed administration of TZD, initiated after the onset of RPGN, still alleviated the severity of experimental RPGN. These findings establish a requirement for the NRF2-PPARγ cascade in podocytes, and we suggest that these transcription factors have a role in augmenting the tolerance of glomeruli to severe immune-complex mediated injury. The NRF2-PPARγ pathway may be a therapeutic target for RPGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Henique
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France;
| | - Guillaume Bollee
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivia Lenoir
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Neeraj Dhaun
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence (BHF CoRE), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marine Camus
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anna Chipont
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Kathleen Flosseau
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Mandet
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Alexandre Karras
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Nephrology and
| | - Eric Thervet
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Nephrology and
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; and
| | - Dominique Nochy
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; and
| | - Laurent Mesnard
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 702, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Nephrology and
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Xing Y, Ye S, Chen Y, Hu W, Chen Y. Hydrochloride pioglitazone protects diabetic rats against podocyte injury through preserving glomerular podocalyxin expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 58:630-9. [PMID: 25211446 DOI: 10.1590/0004-2730000003141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to test the effect of different dosages of pioglitazone (PIO) on the glomerular expression of podocalyxin and urinary sediment podocalyxin excretion and to explore the potential renoprotective mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Type 1 diabetes induced with streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) in 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to be treated with vehicle or 10, 20, 30 mg/kg/d PIO respectively for 8 weeks. Eight rats were enrolled in the normal control group. RESULTS At 8th week, rats were sacrificed for the observation of kidney injury through electron microscope. Glomerular podocalyxin production including mRNA and protein were determined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively. Levels of urinary albumin excretion and urinary sediment podocalyxin, kidney injury index were all significantly increased, whereas expression of glomerular podocalyxin protein and mRNA were decreased significantly in diabetic rats compared to normal control. Dosages-dependent analysis revealed that protective effect of PIO ameliorated the physiopathological changes and reached a peak at dosage of 20 mg/kg/d. CONCLUSION PIO could alleviate diabetic kidney injury in a dose-dependent pattern and the role may be associated with restraining urinary sediment podocalyxin excretion and preserving the glomerular podocalyxin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Shandong Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Yumi Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Endocrinological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
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Thiazolidinediones and Edema: Recent Advances in the Pathogenesis of Thiazolidinediones-Induced Renal Sodium Retention. PPAR Res 2015; 2015:646423. [PMID: 26074951 PMCID: PMC4446477 DOI: 10.1155/2015/646423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are one of the major classes of antidiabetic drugs that are used widely. TZDs improve insulin resistance by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and ameliorate diabetic and other nephropathies, at least, in experimental animals. However, TZDs have side effects, such as edema, congestive heart failure, and bone fracture, and may increase bladder cancer risk. Edema and heart failure, which both probably originate from renal sodium retention, are of great importance because these side effects make it difficult to continue the use of TZDs. However, the pathogenesis of edema remains a matter of controversy. Initially, upregulation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the collecting ducts by TZDs was thought to be the primary cause of edema. However, the results of other studies do not support this view. Recent data suggest the involvement of transporters in the proximal tubule, such as sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter and sodium-proton exchanger. Other studies have suggested that sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 in the thick ascending limb of Henle and aquaporins are also possible targets for TZDs. This paper will discuss the recent advances in the pathogenesis of TZD-induced sodium reabsorption in the renal tubules and edema.
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Gemigliptin improves renal function and attenuates podocyte injury in mice with diabetic nephropathy. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 761:116-24. [PMID: 25977232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes participate in the formation and regulation of the glomerular filtration barrier. Loss of podocytes occurs during the early stages of diabetic nephropathy and impairs glomerular filtration. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are widely used as anti-diabetic agents in clinical practice. In this study, we showed that gemigliptin, a novel DPP-4 inhibitor, reduced podocyte apoptosis in type 2 diabetic db/db mice without reducing hyperglycemia. Gemigliptin (100mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 12 weeks in db/db mice. Blood glucose levels and albuminuria were measured. The renal cortex was collected for histological examination, and molecular assays were used to detect 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and integrin-linked kinase (ILK). Type 2 diabetic db/db mice exhibited albuminuria, renal histopathological changes, and podocyte loss. Administration of gemigliptin to db/db mice suppressed albuminuria, enzyme activity and expression of DPP-4, and podocyte apoptosis. The effect of gemigliptin on diabetes-induced podocyte loss was associated with the suppression of oxidative damage, AOPP accumulation, RAGE expression, and ILK expression. These results indicate the possible benefits of using gemigliptin in diabetes patients to treat renal impairment without affecting glycemic control.
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40
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Li Y, Shen Y, Li M, Su D, Xu W, Liang X, Li R. Inhibitory effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonists on collagen IV production in podocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 405:233-41. [PMID: 25920446 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonists have beneficial effects on the kidney diseases through preventing microalbuminuria and glomerulosclerosis. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain to be fully understood. In this study, we investigate the effects of PPAR-γ agonist, rosiglitazone (Rosi) and pioglitazone (Pio), on collagen IV production in mouse podocytes. The endogenous expression of PPAR-γ was found in the primary podocytes and can be upregulated by Rosi and Pio, respectively, detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. PPAR-γ agonist markedly blunted the increasing of collagen IV expression and extraction in podocytes induced by TGF-β. In contrast, adding PPAR-γ antagonist, GW9662, to podocytes largely prevented the inhibition of collagen IV expression from Pio treatment. Our data also showed that phosphorylation of Smad2/3 enhanced by TGF-β in a time-dependent manner was significantly attenuated by adding Pio. The promoter region of collagen IV gene contains one putative consensus sequence of Smad-binding element (SBE) by promoter analysis, Rosi and Pio significantly ameliorated TGF-β-induced SBE4-luciferase activity. In conclusion, PPAR-γ activation by its agonist, Rosi or Pio, in vitro directly inhibits collagen IV expression and synthesis in primary mouse podocytes. The suppression of collagen IV production was related to the inhibition of TGF-β-driven phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and decreased response activity of SBEs of collagen IV in PPAR-γ agonist-treated mouse podocytes. This represents a novel mechanistic support regarding PPAR-γ agonists as podocyte protective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, Shanxi, China
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Shengyou Y, Li Y, Zhihong H, Yuanyuan M. Influence of tacrolimus on podocyte injury inducted by angiotensin II. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2015; 16:260-6. [PMID: 25650384 DOI: 10.1177/1470320314568520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shengyou
- Department of Pediatric, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Pediatric, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Hao Zhihong
- Department of Pediatric, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Ma Yuanyuan
- Department of Pediatric, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, China
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Jeong KH, Asanuma K, Lydia A, Takagi M, Asao R, Kodama F, Asanuma E, Tomino Y. Combination therapy with telmisartan and oxacalcitriol suppresses the progression of murine adriamycin nephropathy. Nephron Clin Pract 2015; 129:143-54. [PMID: 25661164 DOI: 10.1159/000369346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system plays a key role in suppressing the progression of renal diseases. It has not been well established whether this therapy provides additional effects when combined with vitamin D or its analog in a model of adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy. METHODS We evaluated the effect of an angiotensin II subtype 1 receptor blocker (telmisartan) combined with a vitamin D analog (oxacalcitriol) on mice ADR-induced nephropathy (9.5 mg/kg single intravenous injection). We also tested immortalized murine podocytes to examine the effects on podocyte apoptosis. RESULTS Mice with ADR-induced nephropathy developed progressive albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis within 30 days accompanied by decreased expression of slit diaphragm (SD)-associated proteins (nephrin and podocin), reduced numbers of podocytes, and increased systolic blood pressure. Treatment with telmisartan or oxacalcitriol alone moderately ameliorated kidney injury. The combined treatment most effectively reduced the albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis. These effects were accompanied by the restoration of SD-associated proteins, reduction of podocyte apoptosis, and prevention of podocyte depletion in the glomeruli. Treatment with telmisartan, oxacalcitriol, and the combination therapy resulted in similar reductions in systolic blood pressure. In cultured murine podocytes, ADR stimulated the expression of Bax/Bcl-2 and apoptosis as determined by Hoechst 33342 staining. These changes were effectively inhibited by telmisartan or oxacalcitriol, but the combination treatment most effectively reduced these effects. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrated that application of a renin-angiotensin system blocker plus a vitamin D analog effectively prevented renal injury in ADR-induced nephropathy. The observed amelioration of renal injury may be partly attributable to antiapoptotic effects in podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hwan Jeong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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43
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Shengyou Y, Li Y. The effects of siRNA-silenced TRPC6 on podocyte autophagy and apoptosis induced by AngII. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 16:1266-73. [PMID: 25143325 DOI: 10.1177/1470320314543724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shengyou
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, affiliate to Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, affiliate to Guangzhou Medical University, China
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Small DM, Morais C, Coombes JS, Bennett NC, Johnson DW, Gobe GC. Oxidative stress-induced alterations in PPAR-γ and associated mitochondrial destabilization contribute to kidney cell apoptosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F814-22. [PMID: 25122050 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00205.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism(s) underlying renoprotection by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonists in diabetic and nondiabetic kidney disease are not well understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress contribute to kidney disease. PPAR-γ upregulates proteins required for mitochondrial biogenesis. Our aim was to determine whether PPAR-γ has a role in protecting the kidney proximal tubular epithelium (PTE) against mitochondrial destabilisation and oxidative stress. HK-2 PTE cells were subjected to oxidative stress (0.2-1.0 mM H₂O₂) for 2 and 18 h and compared with untreated cells for apoptosis, mitosis (morphology/biomarkers), cell viability (MTT), superoxide (dihydroethidium), mitochondrial function (MitoTracker red and JC-1), ATP (luminescence), and mitochondrial ultrastructure. PPAR-γ, phospho-PPAR-γ, PPAR-γ coactivator (PGC)-1α, Parkin (Park2), p62, and light chain (LC)3β were investigated using Western blots. PPAR-γ was modulated using the agonists rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, and troglitazone. Mitochondrial destabilization increased with H₂O₂concentration, ATP decreased (2 and 18 h; P < 0.05), Mitotracker red and JC-1 fluorescence indicated loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and superoxide increased (18 h, P < 0.05). Electron microscopy indicated sparse mitochondria, with disrupted cristae. Mitophagy was evident at 2 h (Park2 and LC3β increased; p62 decreased). Impaired mitophagy was indicated by p62 accumulation at 18 h (P < 0.05). PPAR-γ expression decreased, phospho-PPAR-γ increased, and PGC-1α decreased (2 h), indicating aberrant PPAR-γ activation and reduced mitochondrial biogenesis. Cell viability decreased (2 and 18 h, P < 0.05). PPAR-γ agonists promoted further apoptosis. In summary, oxidative stress promoted mitochondrial destabilisation in kidney PTE, in association with increased PPAR-γ phosphorylation. PPAR-γ agonists failed to protect PTE. Despite positive effects in other tissues, PPAR-γ activation appears to be detrimental to kidney PTE health when oxidative stress induces damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Small
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christudas Morais
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nigel C Bennett
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - David W Johnson
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
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Albumin-induced podocyte injury and protection are associated with regulation of COX-2. Kidney Int 2014; 86:1150-60. [PMID: 24918154 PMCID: PMC4245399 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Albuminuria is both a hallmark and a risk factor for progressive glomerular disease, and results in increased exposure of podocytes to serum albumin with its associated factors. Here in vivo and in vitro models of serum albumin overload were used to test the hypothesis that albumin-induced proteinuria and podocyte injury directly correlate with COX-2 induction. Albumin induced COX-2, MCP-1, CXCL1 and the stress protein HSP25 in both rat glomeruli and cultured podocytes, while B7-1 and HSP70i were also induced in podocytes. Podocyte exposure to albumin induced both mRNA and protein and enhanced the mRNA stability of COX-2, a key regulator of renal hemodynamics and inflammation, which renders podocytes susceptible to injury. Podocyte exposure to albumin also stimulated several kinases (p38 MAPK, MK2, JNK/SAPK and ERK1/2), inhibitors of which (except JNK/SAPK) down-regulated albumin-induced COX-2. Inhibition of AMPK, PKC and NFκB also down-regulated albumin-induced COX-2. Critically, albumin-induced COX-2 was also inhibited by glucocorticoids and thiazolidinediones, both of which directly protect podocytes against injury. Furthermore, specific albumin-associated fatty acids were identified as important contributors to COX-2 induction, podocyte injury and proteinuria. Thus, COX-2 is associated with podocyte injury during albuminuria, as well as with the known podocyte protection imparted by glucocorticoids and thiazolidinediones. Moreover, COX-2 induction, podocyte damage and albuminuria appear mediated largely by serum albumin-associated fatty acids.
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Roles of renal proximal tubule transport in acid/base balance and blood pressure regulation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:504808. [PMID: 24982885 PMCID: PMC4058521 DOI: 10.1155/2014/504808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-coupled bicarbonate absorption from renal proximal tubules (PTs) plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of systemic acid/base balance. Indeed, mutations in the Na+-HCO3− cotransporter NBCe1, which mediates a majority of bicarbonate exit from PTs, cause severe proximal renal tubular acidosis associated with ocular and other extrarenal abnormalities. Sodium transport in PTs also plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. For example, PT transport stimulation by insulin may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension associated with insulin resistance. Type 1 angiotensin (Ang) II receptors in PT are critical for blood pressure homeostasis. Paradoxically, the effects of Ang II on PT transport are known to be biphasic. Unlike in other species, however, Ang II is recently shown to dose-dependently stimulate human PT transport via nitric oxide/cGMP/ERK pathway, which may represent a novel therapeutic target in human hypertension. In this paper, we will review the physiological and pathophysiological roles of PT transport.
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Noone D, Licht C. Chronic kidney disease: a new look at pathogenetic mechanisms and treatment options. Pediatr Nephrol 2014; 29:779-92. [PMID: 23471475 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-013-2436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The concept of renoprotection has evolved significantly, driven by improved understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the advent of novel treatment options. Glomerular hyperfiltration, hypertension and proteinuria represent key mediators of CKD progression. It is increasingly recognized that proteinuria may actually be pathological and etiological in CKD progression and not just symptomatic. It initiates a sequence of events involving activation of proinflammatory and profibrotic signaling pathways in proximal tubular epithelial cells with transmission of the disease to the tubulointerstitium and progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Although the etiology and epidemiology of pediatric CKD differs to that in adults, studies in the various animal models of kidney disease, from obstructive uropathy to glomerulonephritis, have revealed that many common proinflammatory and profibrotic pathways are induced in progressive proteinuric CKD, irrespective of the primary disease. This pathomechanistic overlap therefore translates into the potential for common treatment targets for a wide spectrum of kidney diseases. In this review we therefore discuss the experimental and clinical evidence for an array of prospective future drug treatments of CKD progression. While conceptually promising, clear definitive evidence beyond preclinical data does not exist for many of these treatments, and others are limited by serious adverse effects. More studies are needed before general recommendations can be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Noone
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1X8, ON, Canada
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Speeckaert MM, Vanfraechem C, Speeckaert R, Delanghe JR. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists in a battle against the aging kidney. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 14:1-18. [PMID: 24503003 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As aging is a complex phenomenon characterized by intraindividual and interindividual diversities in the maintenance of the homeostatic condition of cells and tissues, changes in renal function are not uniform and depend on associated diseases and environmental factors. Multiple studies have investigated the possible underlying mechanisms of age-related decline in kidney function. Evolutionary, molecular, cellular and systemic theories have been postulated to explain the primary disease independent age-related changes and adaptive responses. As peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are involved in a broad spectrum of biological processes, PPAR activation might have an effect on the prevention of cell senescence. In this review, we will focus on the experimental and clinical evidence of PPAR agonists in a battle against the aging kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joris R Delanghe
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
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Ochodnicky P, Mesarosova L, Cernecka H, Klimas J, Krenek P, Goris M, van Dokkum RPE, Henning RH, Kyselovic J. Pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, provides comparable protection to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril against adriamycin nephropathy in rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 730:51-60. [PMID: 24582928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists have been shown to ameliorate diabetic nephropathy, but much less are known about their effects in non-diabetic nephropathies. In the present study, metabolic parameters, blood pressure, aortic endothelial function along with molecular and structural markers of glomerular and tubulointerstitial renal damage, were studied in a rat model of normotensive nephropathy induced by adriamycin and treated with PPARγ agonist pioglitazone (12mg/kg, po), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor ramipril (1mg/kg, po) or their combination. Pioglitazone had no effect on systolic blood pressure, marginally reduced glycemia and improved aortic endothelium-dependent relaxation. In the kidney, pioglitazone prevented the development of proteinuria and focal glomerulosclerosis to the similar extent as blood-pressure lowering ramipril. Renoprotection provided by either treatment was associated with a reduction in the cortical expression of profibrotic plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and microvascular damage-inducing endothelin-1, and a limitation of interstitial macrophage influx. Treatment with PPARγ agonist, as well as ACE inhibitor comparably affected renal expression of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components, normalizing increased renal expression of ACE and enhancing the expression of Mas receptor. Interestingly, combined pioglitazone and ramipril treatment did not provide any additional renoprotection. These results demonstrate that in a nondiabetic renal disease, such as adriamycin-induced nephropathy, PPARγ agonist pioglitazone provides renoprotection to a similar extent as an ACE inhibitor by interfering with the expression of local RAS components and attenuating related profibrotic and inflammatory mechanisms. The combination of the both agents, however, does not lead to any additional renal benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ochodnicky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Lucia Mesarosova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Hana Cernecka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Klimas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Krenek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Maaike Goris
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) and Groningen Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard P E van Dokkum
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) and Groningen Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert H Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) and Groningen Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Kyselovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Jia Z, Sun Y, Yang G, Zhang A, Huang S, Heiney KM, Zhang Y. New Insights into the PPAR γ Agonists for the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy. PPAR Res 2014; 2014:818530. [PMID: 24624137 PMCID: PMC3927865 DOI: 10.1155/2014/818530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication of diabetes and serves as the leading cause of chronic renal failure. In the past decades, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)/angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) based first-line therapy can slow but cannot stop the progression of DN, which urgently requests the innovation of therapeutic strategies. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), the synthetic exogenous ligands of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ (PPAR γ ), had been thought to be a promising candidate for strengthening the therapy of DN. However, the severe adverse effects including fluid retention, cardiovascular complications, and bone loss greatly limited their use in clinic. Recently, numerous novel PPAR γ agonists involving the endogenous PPAR γ ligands and selective PPAR γ modulators (SPPARMs) are emerging as the promising candidates of the next generation of antidiabetic drugs instead of TZDs. Due to the higher selectivity of these novel PPAR γ agonists on the regulation of the antidiabetes-associated genes than that of the side effect-associated genes, they present fewer adverse effects than TZDs. The present review was undertaken to address the advancements and the therapeutic potential of these newly developed PPAR γ agonists in dealing with diabetic kidney disease. At the same time, the new insights into the therapeutic strategies of DN based on the PPAR γ agonists were fully addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Pediatric Laboratory of Nanjing City, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Pediatric Laboratory of Nanjing City, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Guangrui Yang
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Pediatric Laboratory of Nanjing City, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Songming Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Pediatric Laboratory of Nanjing City, Nanjing 210008, China
| | | | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Pediatric Laboratory of Nanjing City, Nanjing 210008, China
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