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Singh DK, Carcamo S, Farias EF, Hasson D, Zheng W, Sun D, Huang X, Cheung J, Nobre AR, Kale N, Sosa MS, Bernstein E, Aguirre-Ghiso JA. 5-Azacytidine- and retinoic-acid-induced reprogramming of DCCs into dormancy suppresses metastasis via restored TGF-β-SMAD4 signaling. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112560. [PMID: 37267946 PMCID: PMC10592471 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) in secondary organs can remain dormant for years to decades before reactivating into overt metastasis. Microenvironmental signals leading to cancer cell chromatin remodeling and transcriptional reprogramming appear to control onset and escape from dormancy. Here, we reveal that the therapeutic combination of the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine (AZA) and the retinoic acid receptor ligands all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) or AM80, an RARα-specific agonist, promotes stable dormancy in cancer cells. Treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) or breast cancer cells with AZA+atRA induces a SMAD2/3/4-dependent transcriptional program that restores transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-signaling and anti-proliferative function. Significantly, either combination, AZA+atRA or AZA+AM80, strongly suppresses HNSCC lung metastasis formation by inducing and maintaining solitary DCCs in a SMAD4+/NR2F1+ non-proliferative state. Notably, SMAD4 knockdown is sufficient to drive resistance to AZA+atRA-induced dormancy. We conclude that therapeutic doses of AZA and RAR agonists may induce and/or maintain dormancy and significantly limit metastasis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K Singh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Otolaryngology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Saul Carcamo
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing Facility, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eduardo F Farias
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Otolaryngology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dan Hasson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing Facility, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dan Sun
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Otolaryngology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Julie Cheung
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Otolaryngology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Rita Nobre
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Otolaryngology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nupura Kale
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Soledad Sosa
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Bernstein
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julio A Aguirre-Ghiso
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Otolaryngology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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2
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Iida T, Mizutani Y, Esaki N, Ponik SM, Burkel BM, Weng L, Kuwata K, Masamune A, Ishihara S, Haga H, Kataoka K, Mii S, Shiraki Y, Ishikawa T, Ohno E, Kawashima H, Hirooka Y, Fujishiro M, Takahashi M, Enomoto A. Pharmacologic conversion of cancer-associated fibroblasts from a protumor phenotype to an antitumor phenotype improves the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer to chemotherapeutics. Oncogene 2022; 41:2764-2777. [PMID: 35414659 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous therapeutic attempts to deplete cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) or inhibit their proliferation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) were not successful in mice or patients. Thus, CAFs may be tumor suppressive or heterogeneous, with distinct cancer-restraining and -promoting CAFs (rCAFs and pCAFs, respectively). Here, we showed that induced expression of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein Meflin, a rCAF-specific marker, in CAFs by genetic and pharmacological approaches improved the chemosensitivity of mouse PDAC. A chemical library screen identified Am80, a synthetic, nonnatural retinoid, as a reagent that effectively induced Meflin expression in CAFs. Am80 administration improved the sensitivity of PDAC to chemotherapeutics, accompanied by increases in tumor vessel area and intratumoral drug delivery. Mechanistically, Meflin was involved in the suppression of tissue stiffening by interacting with lysyl oxidase to inhibit its collagen crosslinking activity. These data suggested that modulation of CAF heterogeneity may represent a strategy for PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Iida
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Mizutani
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Esaki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Suzanne M Ponik
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brian M Burkel
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Liang Weng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Keiko Kuwata
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Hisashi Haga
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kunio Kataoka
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinji Mii
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiraki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eizaburo Ohno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawashima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Endoscopy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hirooka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- International Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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3
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Chopra B, Dhingra AK. Natural products: A lead for drug discovery and development. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4660-4702. [PMID: 33847440 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are used since ancient times in folklore for the treatment of various ailments. Plant-derived products have been recognized for many years as a source of therapeutic agents and structural diversity. A literature survey has been carried out to determine the utility of natural molecules and their modified analogs or derivatives as pharmacological active entities. This review presents a study on the importance of natural products in terms of drug discovery and development. It describes how the natural components can be utilized after small modifications in new perspectives. Various new modifications in structure offer a unique opportunity to establish a new molecular entity with better pharmacological potential. It was concluded that in this current era, new attempts are taken to utilize the compounds derived from natural sources as novel drug candidates, with a focus to find and discover new effective molecules that were referred to as "new entities of natural product drug discovery."
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Chopra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Dhingra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, India
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4
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de Almeida NR, Conda-Sheridan M. A review of the molecular design and biological activities of RXR agonists. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1372-1397. [PMID: 30941786 DOI: 10.1002/med.21578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An attractive approach to combat disease is to target theregulation of cell function. At the heart of this task are nuclear receptors (NRs); which control functions such as gene transcription. Arguably, the key player in this regulatory machinery is the retinoid X receptor (RXR). This NR associates with a third of the NRs found in humans. Scientists have hypothesized that controlling the activity of RXR is an attractive approach to control cellular functions that modulate diseases such as cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In this review, we will describe the key features of the RXR, present a historic perspective of the first RXR agonists, and discuss various templates that have been reported to activate RXR with a focus on their molecular structure, biological activity, and limitations. Finally, we will present an outlook of the field and future directions and considerations to synthesize or modulate RXR agonists to make these compounds a clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Conda-Sheridan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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5
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Murakami Y, Kimura Y, Kawahara A, Mitsuyasu S, Miyake H, Tohyama K, Endo Y, Yoshida N, Imamura Y, Watari K, Ono M, Okamura T, Kuwano M. The augmented expression of the cytidine deaminase gene by 5-azacytidine predicts therapeutic efficacy in myelodysplastic syndromes. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2270-2281. [PMID: 31040918 PMCID: PMC6481348 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Azacytidine (5AC), a hypomethylating agent, is clinically used for the treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Cytidine deaminase (CDA) is a key enzyme in the detoxification of 5AC. We investigated whether the CDA expression could predict response to 5AC in MDS. Among leukemia-derived cell lines, MDS-L, an MDS-derived cell line with a relatively low CDA expression level, was found to be the most sensitive to 5AC. Combination with tetrahydrouridine, an inhibitor of CDA, synergistically potentiated the cytotoxic effect of 5AC. Treatment with 5AC markedly enhanced the expression level of CDA mRNA and showed demethylation at CpG sites in the 5′-flanking region of the CDA gene. We further compared the protein expression levels of CDA in matched clinical samples before and after treatment with 5AC in bone marrow cells from 8 MDS patients by an immunohistochemical analysis. The CDA expression level showed an approximately 2- to 3-fold increase after 5AC treatment in 3 of these cases, and these three patients with relatively higher CDA expression levels after 5AC treatment all showed better clinical responses to 5AC. In contrast, the 5 remaining patients, whose CDA expression showed no augmentation, observed no clinical benefit. Taken together, the optimized determination of the CDA expression levels before and after 5AC treatment, and the methylation status at CpG sites of 5′-flanking region of the CDA gene, may contribute to the development of precise 5AC therapy for MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Murakami
- Cancer Translational Research Center, St. Mary's Institute of Health Sciences, Kurume, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshizo Kimura
- Department of Pathology, St. Mary's Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kawahara
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | | | | | - Kaoru Tohyama
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Endo
- Central Research Resource Branch, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Nao Yoshida
- Department of Hematology, St. Mary's Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yutaka Imamura
- Department of Hematology, St. Mary's Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kosuke Watari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ono
- Department of Pharmaceutical Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Okamura
- Hematology and Oncology Center, St. Mary's Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Michihiko Kuwano
- Cancer Translational Research Center, St. Mary's Institute of Health Sciences, Kurume, Japan
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6
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Abramson HN. Kinase inhibitors as potential agents in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:81926-81968. [PMID: 27655636 PMCID: PMC5348443 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of therapeutic options available for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) - from immunomodulating agents to proteasome inhibitors to histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and, most recently, monoclonal antibodies. Used in conjunction with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, these modalities have nearly doubled the disease's five-year survival rate over the last three decades to about 50%. In spite of these advances, MM still is considered incurable as resistance and relapse are common. While small molecule protein kinase inhibitors have made inroads in the therapy of a number of cancers, to date their application to MM has been less than successful. Focusing on MM, this review examines the roles played by a number of kinases in driving the malignant state and the rationale for target development in the design of a number of kinase inhibitors that have demonstrated anti-myeloma activity in both in vitro and in vivo xenograph models, as well as those that have entered clinical trials. Among the targets and their inhibitors examined are receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases, cell cycle control kinases, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway kinases, protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase, casein kinase, integrin-linked kinase, sphingosine kinase, and kinases involved in the unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanley N Abramson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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7
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Guo Z. The modification of natural products for medical use. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:119-136. [PMID: 28303218 PMCID: PMC5343118 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug innovation is characterized by painstaking molecular-level syntheses and modifications as the basic components of research and development. Similarly, natural products are chemically tailored and modified based upon their structural and biological properties. To some extent, the modification of natural products is quite different from de novo structure-based drug discovery. This review describes the general strategies and principles for the modification of natural products to drugs, as illustrated by several successful medicines that originated from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongru Guo
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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8
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Xiao Z, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH. Strategies for the Optimization of Natural Leads to Anticancer Drugs or Drug Candidates. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:32-91. [PMID: 26359649 PMCID: PMC4679534 DOI: 10.1002/med.21377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have made significant contribution to cancer chemotherapy over the past decades and remain an indispensable source of molecular and mechanistic diversity for anticancer drug discovery. More often than not, natural products may serve as leads for further drug development rather than as effective anticancer drugs by themselves. Generally, optimization of natural leads into anticancer drugs or drug candidates should not only address drug efficacy, but also improve absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiles and chemical accessibility associated with the natural leads. Optimization strategies involve direct chemical manipulation of functional groups, structure-activity relationship directed optimization and pharmacophore-oriented molecular design based on the natural templates. Both fundamental medicinal chemistry principles (e.g., bioisosterism) and state-of-the-art computer-aided drug design techniques (e.g., structure-based design) can be applied to facilitate optimization efforts. In this review, the strategies to optimize natural leads to anticancer drugs or drug candidates are illustrated with examples and described according to their purposes. Furthermore, successful case studies on lead optimization of bioactive compounds performed in the Natural Products Research Laboratories at UNC are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Toyama T, Asano Y, Akamata K, Noda S, Taniguchi T, Takahashi T, Ichimura Y, Shudo K, Sato S, Kadono T. Tamibarotene Ameliorates Bleomycin-Induced Dermal Fibrosis by Modulating Phenotypes of Fibroblasts, Endothelial Cells, and Immune Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 136:387-398. [PMID: 26967475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2015.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tamibarotene (Am80) is a synthetic retinoid that modulates the pathologic processes of various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and their animal models. We here investigated the therapeutic potential of Am80 against systemic sclerosis using its animal models. Am80 significantly attenuated dermal and hypodermal fibrosis in bleomycin (BLM)-treated mice and tight skin 1 mice, respectively. Consistently, Am80 significantly suppressed the expression of various molecules related to tissue fibrosis, including transforming growth factor-β1, connective tissue growth factor, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor-α, IFN-γ, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 in the lesional skin of BLM-treated mice. Furthermore, Am80 decreased the proportion of effector T cells, while increasing that of naïve T cells among CD4+ T cells in the draining lymph nodes of BLM-treated mice. Moreover, a series of BLM-induced pathologic events, including endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition; ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells; the infiltration of macrophages, mast cells, and lymphocytes; and M2 macrophage differentiation, were attenuated by Am80. Importantly, Am80 directly reversed the profibrotic phenotype of transforming growth factor-β1-treated dermal fibroblasts, suppressed ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells, and promoted M1 macrophage differentiation in vitro. Collectively, Am80 inhibits the development of experimental dermal fibrosis by reversing the profibrotic phenotype of various cell types and would be a candidate for therapeutic drugs against dermal fibrosis of systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Toyama
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Asano
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kaname Akamata
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Noda
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Ichimura
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Shudo
- Research Foundation ITSUU Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kadono
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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11
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Kanai F, Obi S, Fujiyama S, Shiina S, Tamai H, Mochizuki H, Koike Y, Imamura J, Yamaguchi T, Saida I, Yokosuka O, Omata M. An open-label phase I/II study of tamibarotene in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Int 2013. [PMID: 26202410 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-013-9459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM Tamibarotene is a synthetic retinoid expected to inhibit tumor-cell proliferation and to induce apoptosis by selective interaction with retinoic acid receptor α/β. We conducted an open-label phase I/II study to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended dose (RD), and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety profiles for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Patients with histologically confirmed, measurable, unresectable HCC of Child-Pugh classification A or B and with no effective systemic or local therapies were eligible. In phase I, patients were assigned based on the 3 + 3 dose escalation criteria to receive tamibarotene at 8, 12, and 16 mg/day. The RD determined in phase I was employed for phase II. The planned sample size in phase II was 25, including the RD-treated patients in phase I. RESULTS Thirty-six patients were enrolled. No patients experienced dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) at 8 mg/day. However, two out of six patients experienced the DLTs at 12 mg/day: one experienced thrombosis in a limb vein and pulmonary artery, and the other experienced an increase of γ-GTP. The MTD and RD were determined as 12 and 8 mg/day, respectively. In phase II, one patient achieved partial response, and seven achieved stable disease. The disease control rate was 32 % (95 % CI: 15.0-53.5). The following drug-related serious adverse events were reported: thrombosis in a limb vein, pulmonary artery, and portal vein; interstitial lung disease; and vomiting. CONCLUSIONS Tamibarotene demonstrated the inhibition of tumor cell growth in advanced HCC with acceptable tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Kanai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Shuntaro Obi
- Department of Hepatology, Kyoundo Hospital, 1-8 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan.
| | - Shigetoshi Fujiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, 1-17-27 Shinyashiki, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 862-8655, Japan.
| | - Shuichiro Shiina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Tamai
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu City, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanto Central Hospital, 6-25-1 Kamiyouga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8531, Japan.
| | - Jun Imamura
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8677, Japan.
| | - Takayoshi Yamaguchi
- Clinical Research 1, Zeria Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 10-11 Nihonbashi Kobuna-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8351, Japan.
| | - Isamu Saida
- Clinical Research 1, Zeria Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 10-11 Nihonbashi Kobuna-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8351, Japan.
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Masao Omata
- Yamanashi Prefectural Hospital Organization, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu City, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan.
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Pan J, Fauzee NJS, Wang YL, Sheng YT, Tang Y, Wang JQ, Wu WQ, Yan JX, Xu J. Effect of silencing PARG in human colon carcinoma LoVo cells on the ability of HUVEC migration and proliferation. Cancer Gene Ther 2012; 19:715-22. [PMID: 22918473 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2012.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the influence of silencing poly-(ADP-ribose)glycohydrolase (PARG) in human colon carcinoma LoVo cells on the ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration, proliferation and its possible mechanisms. PARG mRNA expression was detected by reverse transcriptase (RT) and real-time-PCR. PARG, poly-(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP), p38, p-p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p-ERK, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, phosphorylated IκBα (p-IκBα), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9 expressions were detected by western blot. The influence of PARG-short hairpin (sh)RNA on the ability of HUVEC migration and proliferation were observed by transwell migration and Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Both RT-PCR and western blot results showed that the expression of PARG in PARG-shRNA cells was decreased and expressions of PARP, p38, p-p38, ERK, p-ERK, NF-κB, p-IκBα, VEGF, b-FGF, ICAM-1 and MMP-9 in those cells were lower than that in the untransfected and control-shRNA groups (P<0.05). Migration assay showed that migratory inhibition rate for HUVEC was decreased (55.23%) in cocultured PARG-shRNA cells; moreover, CCK-8 assay showed that the proliferation of HUVECs cultured with the supernatant of PARG-shRNA cells was also comparatively lower. Hence, concluding that PARG silencing could inhibit the ability of HUVEC migration and proliferation by downregulating the activity of NF-κB in LoVo cells that in turn decreases angiogenic factors such as VEGF, b-FGF, ICAM-1, MMP-9, as well as phosphorylation of p38 and ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pan
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Malaterre J, McPherson CS, Denoyer D, Lai E, Hagekyriakou J, Lightowler S, Shudo K, Ernst M, Ashley DM, Short JL, Wheeler G, Ramsay RG. Enhanced lithium-induced brain recovery following cranial irradiation is not impeded by inflammation. Stem Cells Transl Med 2012. [PMID: 23197851 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2011-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced brain injury occurs in many patients receiving cranial radiation therapy, and these deleterious effects are most profound in younger patients. Impaired neurocognitive functions in both humans and rodents are associated with inflammation, demyelination, and neural stem cell dysfunction. Here we evaluated the utility of lithium and a synthetic retinoid receptor agonist in reducing damage in a model of brain-focused irradiation in juvenile mice. We found that lithium stimulated brain progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation following cranial irradiation while also preventing oligodendrocyte loss in the dentate gyrus of juvenile mice. In response to inflammation induced by radiation, which may have encumbered the optimal reparative action of lithium, we used the anti-inflammatory synthetic retinoid Am80 that is in clinical use in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Although Am80 reduced the number of cyclooxygenase-2-positive microglial cells following radiation treatment, it did not enhance lithium-induced neurogenesis recovery, and this alone was not significantly different from the effect of lithium on this proinflammatory response. Similarly, lithium was superior to Am80 in supporting the restoration of new doublecortin-positive neurons following irradiation. These data suggest that lithium is superior in its restorative effects to blocking inflammation alone, at least in the case of Am80. Because lithium has been in routine clinical practice for 60 years, these preclinical studies indicate that this drug might be beneficial in reducing post-therapy late effects in patients receiving cranial radiotherapy and that blocking inflammation in this context may not be as advantageous as previously suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordane Malaterre
- Differentiation and Transcription Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Forkhead box transcription factor FoxC1 preserves corneal transparency by regulating vascular growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 109:2015-20. [PMID: 22171010 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1109540109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal vision requires the precise control of vascular growth to maintain corneal transparency. Here we provide evidence for a unique mechanism by which the Forkhead box transcription factor FoxC1 regulates corneal vascular development. Murine Foxc1 is essential for development of the ocular anterior segment, and in humans, mutations have been identified in Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, a disorder characterized by anterior segment dysgenesis. We show that FOXC1 mutations also lead to corneal angiogenesis, and that mice homozygous for either a global (Foxc1(-/-)) or neural crest (NC)-specific (NC-Foxc1(-/-)) null mutation display excessive growth of corneal blood and lymphatic vessels. This is associated with disorganization of the extracellular matrix and increased expression of multiple matrix metalloproteinases. Heterozygous mutants (Foxc1(+/-) and NC-Foxc1(+/-)) exhibit milder phenotypes, such as disrupted limbal vasculature. Moreover, environmental exposure to corneal injury significantly increases growth of both blood and lymphatic vessels in both Foxc1(+/-) and NC-Foxc1(+/-) mice compared with controls. Notably, this amplification of the angiogenic response is abolished by inhibition of VEGF receptor 2. Collectively, these findings identify a role for FoxC1 in inhibiting corneal angiogenesis, thereby maintaining corneal transparency by regulating VEGF signaling.
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Khandare RP, Vaze KR, Bhat SV. Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of New Retinobenzoic Acids. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:841-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sanda T. Transcription Factors as Therapeutic Targets in Lymphoid Malignancies. Int Rev Immunol 2009; 26:305-32. [DOI: 10.1080/08830180701655945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Fukui T, Kodera Y, Nishio K, Masuda N, Tamura T, Koizumi F. Synergistic interactions between the synthetic retinoid tamibarotene and glucocorticoids in human myeloma cells. Cancer Sci 2009; 100:1137-43. [PMID: 19514122 PMCID: PMC11158995 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamibarotene (TM411) is a synthetic retinoic acid receptor-alpha/-beta selective retinoid that is chemically more stable than all-trans retinoic acid. This study was designed to evaluate the activity of TM411 in multiple myeloma (MM) and the effects of TM411 combined with a glucocorticoid (GC). In vitro, five human myeloma cells were treated with TM411 alone, GC alone, or TM411 + GC. Cell survival was analyzed by the tetrazolium dye assay and the Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide double-staining method. The effect of TM411 + GC was assessed by the isobologram method. In vivo, the growth-inhibitory effects of the drugs on RPMI-8226 cell xenografts established in SCID mice were examined. The effects of the agents on IL-6-mediated signaling pathways were also analyzed by Western blotting. TM411 was 2- to 10-fold more potent, in terms of its growth-inhibitory effect, than all-trans retinoic acid. The combination of TM411 and GC was found to show a markedly synergistic interaction. While increased expressions of the IL-6 receptor, phosphorylated MAPK, and Akt were observed after exposure to GC, TM411 attenuated this increase in the expressions, suggesting that such modification of the effect of GC by TM411 might be the possible mechanism underlying the synergistic interaction. Furthermore, TM411 + GC showed a supra-additive inhibitory effect in a xenograft model as compared with TM411 or GC alone. These results imply that the combination of TM411 + GC might be highly effective against MM, and suggest the need for clinical evaluation of TM411 + GC for the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Fukui
- Shien-Lab and Support Facility of Project Ward, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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Satoh T, Higuchi Y, Kawakami S, Hashida M, Kagechika H, Shudo K, Yokoyama M. Encapsulation of the synthetic retinoids Am80 and LE540 into polymeric micelles and the retinoids' release control. J Control Release 2009; 136:187-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2008] [Revised: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Current Awareness in Hematological Oncology. Hematol Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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