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A Case Report of Leptomeningeal Myelomatosis and Rapid Improvement with Regimen Consisting of Daratumumab, Pomalidomide, Vincristine, Procarbazine, and Dexamethasone. Case Rep Hematol 2022; 2022:4081971. [PMID: 36092151 PMCID: PMC9453015 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4081971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in multiple myeloma (MM) (MM-CNS) in the form of leptomeningeal myelomatosis or brain parenchyma plasmacytoma is rare, causing challenges in clinical diagnosis and treatment. We would like to report a case of leptomeningeal myelomatosis and illustrated the challeges. A 61-year-old man was diagnosed with MM with left paravertebral plasmacytoma, R-ISS II with high suspicion of double-hit MM, either biallelic aberrancy of TP53 or del(17p) and IGH aberrancy depending on the definition chosen, treated with lenalidomide-bortezomib-dexamethasone and local radiotherapy, later developed systemic relapse and progression to MM-CNS in the form of leptomeningeal myelomatosis. A modified CNS-based treatment not reported before, consisting of daratumumab, pomalidomide, vincristine, procarbazine, and dexamethasone, brought a rapid clinical improvement and warrants a further study. Incorporation of intrathecal thiotepa into the regimen would likely increase the efficacy.
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Babin L, Darchen A, Robert E, Aid Z, Borry R, Soudais C, Piganeau M, De Cian A, Giovannangeli C, Bawa O, Rigaud C, Scoazec JY, Couronné L, Veleanu L, Cieslak A, Asnafi V, Sibon D, Lamant L, Meggetto F, Mercher T, Brunet E. De novo generation of the NPM-ALK fusion recapitulates the pleiotropic phenotypes of ALK+ ALCL pathogenesis and reveals the ROR2 receptor as target for tumor cells. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:65. [PMID: 35246138 PMCID: PMC8895835 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anaplastic large cell lymphoma positive for ALK (ALK+ ALCL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This lymphoma is caused by chromosomal translocations involving the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK). In this study, we aimed to identify mechanisms of transformation and therapeutic targets by generating a model of ALK+ ALCL lymphomagenesis ab initio with the specific NPM-ALK fusion. Methods We performed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing of the NPM-ALK chromosomal translocation in primary human activated T lymphocytes. Results Both CD4+ and CD8+ NPM-ALK-edited T lymphocytes showed rapid and reproducible competitive advantage in culture and led to in vivo disease development with nodal and extra-nodal features. Murine tumors displayed the phenotypic diversity observed in ALK+ ALCL patients, including CD4+ and CD8+ lymphomas. Assessment of transcriptome data from models and patients revealed global activation of the WNT signaling pathway, including both canonical and non-canonical pathways, during ALK+ ALCL lymphomagenesis. Specifically, we found that the WNT signaling cell surface receptor ROR2 represented a robust and genuine marker of all ALK+ ALCL patient tumor samples. Conclusions In this study, ab initio modeling of the ALK+ ALCL chromosomal translocation in mature T lymphocytes enabled the identification of new therapeutic targets. As ROR2 targeting approaches for other cancers are under development (including lung and ovarian tumors), our findings suggest that ALK+ ALCL cases with resistance to current therapies may also benefit from ROR2 targeting strategies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-022-01520-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loélia Babin
- Laboratory of the « Genome Dynamics in the Immune System », Équipe Labellisée La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université de Paris, Université Paris Saclay, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Alice Darchen
- Laboratory of the « Genome Dynamics in the Immune System », Équipe Labellisée La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université de Paris, Université Paris Saclay, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Elie Robert
- Programme PEDIAC, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, OPALE Carnot Institute, Université Paris Saclay, INSERM Unité U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Zakia Aid
- Programme PEDIAC, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, OPALE Carnot Institute, Université Paris Saclay, INSERM Unité U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Rosalie Borry
- Laboratory of the « Genome Dynamics in the Immune System », Équipe Labellisée La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université de Paris, Université Paris Saclay, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Claire Soudais
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Marion Piganeau
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR 7196, Sorbonne Universités, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 43 rue Cuvier, F-75231, Paris, France
| | - Anne De Cian
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR 7196, Sorbonne Universités, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 43 rue Cuvier, F-75231, Paris, France
| | - Carine Giovannangeli
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR 7196, Sorbonne Universités, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 43 rue Cuvier, F-75231, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Bawa
- PETRA platform, AMMICa, University Paris Saclay, CNRS-UMS 3655 Inserm US23, Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Charlotte Rigaud
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Yves Scoazec
- Department of Pathology, AMMICa CNRS UMS3655 Inserm US23 Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Lucile Couronné
- Laboratory of Onco Hematology, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP); Laboratory of Normal and pathological lymphoid differentiation, University of Paris, INSERM U1151, INEM Institute, Paris, France
| | - Layla Veleanu
- Université de Paris, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, AP-HP Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Agata Cieslak
- Université de Paris, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, AP-HP Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Vahid Asnafi
- Université de Paris, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, AP-HP Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - David Sibon
- Université de Paris, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, AP-HP Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Lamant
- Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer-TOUCAN, Équipe Labellisée La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, CNRS UMR5071, Inserm, UMR1037, CRCT, F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabienne Meggetto
- Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer-TOUCAN, Équipe Labellisée La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, CNRS UMR5071, Inserm, UMR1037, CRCT, F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Mercher
- Programme PEDIAC, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, OPALE Carnot Institute, Université Paris Saclay, INSERM Unité U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France.
| | - Erika Brunet
- Laboratory of the « Genome Dynamics in the Immune System », Équipe Labellisée La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université de Paris, Université Paris Saclay, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.
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The Leukemic Phase of ALK-Negative Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Is Associated with CD7 Positivity, Complex Karyotype, TP53 Deletion, and a Poor Prognosis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246316. [PMID: 34944936 PMCID: PMC8699426 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a systemic peripheral T-cell neoplasm characterized by strong and uniform CD30 expression and, usually, the aberrant loss of one or more T-cell antigens. ALCL is further classified into anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive and ALK-negative types. ALCL rarely involves the peripheral blood. The reported leukemic phase ALCL cases are almost all pediatric patients with ALK-positive ALCL, which are frequently associated with the small cell morphology, t(2;5)(p23;q35), and a poorer prognosis. Leukemic phase ALK-negative ALCL is extremely rare, with approximately ten cases reported in the literature to date, mostly as single case reports. Here we report on nine patients with leukemic ALK-negative ALCL—the largest case series to date—and we compare these cases with 39 non-leukemic cases of ALK-negative ALCL. We show that the patients with leukemic ALK-negative ALCL have a greater frequency of absolute lymphocytosis, thrombocytopenia, bone marrow involvement, CD7 positivity, complex karyotype, TP53 deletion, and a dismal outcome. These data suggest that leukemic phase ALK-negative ALCL is associated with a number of poor prognostic factors and affected patients may need more aggressive treatment. Abstract Patients with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) rarely develop a leukemic phase of the disease. The reported leukemic ALCL cases are almost all ALK-positive, which are frequently associated with small cell morphology, t(2;5)(p23;q35), and a poorer prognosis. Rare leukemic ALK-negative ALCL cases have been reported. In the present study, we investigated the clinical and pathologic features and outcomes of nine patients with leukemic ALK-negative ALCL and compared these features with 39 patients without leukemic disease. Compared with the non-leukemic ALK-negative ALCL group, patients with leukemic disease more often had absolute lymphocytosis (50% vs. 0%, p = 0.008), thrombocytopenia (60% vs. 11%, p = 0.03), bone marrow involvement (50% vs. 14%, p = 0.04), and CD7 positivity (71% vs. 19%, p = 0.02). Four of five (80%) patients with leukemic ALK-negative ALCL had a complex karyotype, which was significantly higher than that of the patients in the non-leukemic group. A fluorescence in situ hybridization for TP53 was performed on six leukemic ALK-negative ALCL cases and all (100%) had TP53 deletion. There were no significant differences in the other clinicopathologic features, treatment, and complete remission rates between patients in the leukemic versus non-leukemic group (all p > 0.05). The median follow-up of this cohort was 18 months with a range of 0.3–140 months. Eight of nine (90%) patients with leukemic ALK-negative ALCL died, and their overall survival was significantly shorter than that of the patients with non-leukemic disease (median 15.5 vs. 60 months, p = 0.001). In conclusion, we show that the leukemic phase of ALK-negative ALCL is associated with high-risk biologic features and, in particular, a complex karyotype and TP53 deletion. Compared with the non-leukemic ALK-negative ALCL patients, the patients with a leukemic phase of disease have poorer survival and may require more aggressive treatment.
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Resistance to Targeted Agents Used to Treat Paediatric ALK-Positive ALCL. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236003. [PMID: 34885113 PMCID: PMC8656581 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In general, the non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) diagnosed in childhood has a good survival outcome when treated with multi-agent chemotherapy. However, side effects of treatment are common, and outcomes are poorer after relapse, which occurs in up to 30% of cases. New drugs are required that are more effective and have fewer side effects. Targeted therapies are potential solutions to these problems, however, the development of resistance may limit their impact. This review summarises the potential resistance mechanisms to these targeted therapies. Abstract Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the third most common malignancy diagnosed in children. The vast majority of paediatric NHL are either Burkitt lymphoma (BL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), or lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL). Multi-agent chemotherapy is used to treat all of these types of NHL, and survival is over 90% but the chemotherapy regimens are intensive, and outcomes are generally poor if relapse occurs. Therefore, targeted therapies are of interest as potential solutions to these problems. However, the major problem with all targeted agents is the development of resistance. Mechanisms of resistance are not well understood, but increased knowledge will facilitate optimal management strategies through improving our understanding of when to select each targeted agent, and when a combinatorial approach may be helpful. This review summarises currently available knowledge regarding resistance to targeted therapies used in paediatric anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive ALCL. Specifically, we outline where gaps in knowledge exist, and further investigation is required in order to find a solution to the clinical problem of drug resistance in ALCL.
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Kawaharada M, Maruyama S, Abé T, Yamazaki M, Kurokawa A, Katagiri W, Takagi R, Hayashi T, Kobayashi T, Tanuma JI. Other iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders in the oral cavity: a clinicopathologic study of 4 cases and literature review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021; 132:687-697. [PMID: 34511340 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Other iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (OI-LPD) have been reported as one of the adverse effects of immunosuppressive therapy. The aim of this study was to describe the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of OI-LPD in the oral cavity. STUDY DESIGN Immunohistochemistry was performed to describe the immunohistochemical features in our 4 cases. The results were analyzed along with 62 cases of oral OI-LPD in the English and Japanese literature to define clinical and pathologic characteristic features. RESULTS In our immunohistochemical analysis, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive OI-LPD showed a higher percentage of mouse double minute 2-positive cells than EBV-negative samples. A literature survey revealed that OI-LPD (including the present cases) arises primarily in the gingiva, followed by the tongue, and usually occurs with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.9. The rate of EBV positivity was 93.8%. Further, 31 of 66 patients had osteonecrosis of the jaw and 24 of 31 patients had taken multiple immunosuppressive drugs in combination. CONCLUSIONS We can therefore conclude that the overexpression of mouse double minute 2 in OI-LPD is associated with EBV infection, and the combination of multiple immunosuppressive drugs may be a risk factor for osteonecrosis of the jaw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Kawaharada
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maruyama
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Abé
- Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Manabu Yamazaki
- Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akira Kurokawa
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Wataru Katagiri
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ritsuo Takagi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hayashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tadaharu Kobayashi
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Tanuma
- Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
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Bonzheim I, Quintanilla-Martinez L. All activated signaling pathways lead to anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 62:1541-1543. [PMID: 34020569 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1924373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Bonzheim
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Sinatkas V, Stathopoulou K, Xagoraris I, Ye J, Vyrla D, Atsaves V, Leventaki V, Medeiros LJ, Rassidakis GZ, Drakos E. MDMX/MDM4 is highly expressed and contributes to cell growth and survival in anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 62:1563-1573. [PMID: 33569988 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1876871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that murine double minute X (MDMX), a negative p53-regulator, may be involved in dysfunctional p53-signaling in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive and ALK-negative, characterized frequently by non-mutated TP53 (wt-p53). By western blot analysis, MDMX was highly expressed in ALK + ALCL and expressed at variable levels in ALK- ALCL cell lines. By immunohistochemistry, high MDMX levels were observed more frequently in ALK + ALCL (36/46; 78%), compared with ALK- ALCL tumors (12/29; 41%) (p < .0018, Mann-Whitney-test). FISH analysis showed MDMX-amplification in 1 of 13 (8%) ALK- ALCL tumors, and low-level MDMX copy gains in 2 of 13 (15%) ALK- ALCL and 3 of 11 (27%) ALK + ALCL tumors. MDMX-pharmacologic inhibition or siRNA-mediated MDMX-silencing were associated with activated p53 signaling, growth inhibition and apoptotic cell death in wt-p53 ALCL cells, providing evidence that targeting MDMX may provide a new therapeutic approach for ALCL patients with wt-p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaios Sinatkas
- Department of Pathology, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Ioanna Xagoraris
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jingjing Ye
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dimitra Vyrla
- Department of Pathology, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vasilios Atsaves
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vasiliki Leventaki
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George Z Rassidakis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elias Drakos
- Department of Pathology, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, Greece.,Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Uchihara Y, Tago K, Tamura H, Funakoshi‐Tago M. EBP2, a novel NPM-ALK-interacting protein in the nucleolus, contributes to the proliferation of ALCL cells by regulating tumor suppressor p53. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:167-194. [PMID: 33040459 PMCID: PMC7782078 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic fusion protein nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK), found in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL), localizes to the cytosol, nucleoplasm, and nucleolus. However, the relationship between its localization and transforming activity remains unclear. We herein demonstrated that NPM-ALK localized to the nucleolus by binding to nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), a nucleolar protein that exhibits shuttling activity between the nucleolus and cytoplasm, in a manner that was dependent on its kinase activity. In the nucleolus, NPM-ALK interacted with Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1-binding protein 2 (EBP2), which is involved in rRNA biosynthesis. Moreover, enforced expression of NPM-ALK induced tyrosine phosphorylation of EBP2. Knockdown of EBP2 promoted the activation of the tumor suppressor p53, leading to G0 /G1 -phase cell cycle arrest in Ba/F3 cells transformed by NPM-ALK and ALCL patient-derived Ki-JK cells, but not ALCL patient-derived SUDH-L1 cells harboring p53 gene mutation. In Ba/F3 cells transformed by NPM-ALK and Ki-JK cells, p53 activation induced by knockdown of EBP2 was significantly inhibited by Akt inhibitor GDC-0068, mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin, and knockdown of Raptor, an essential component of mTORC1. These results suggest that the knockdown of EBP2 triggered p53 activation through the Akt-mTORC1 pathway in NPM-ALK-positive cells. Collectively, the present results revealed the critical repressive mechanism of p53 activity by EBP2 and provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ALCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Uchihara
- Division of Hygienic ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyKeio UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Kenji Tago
- Division of Structural BiochemistryDepartment of BiochemistryJichi Medical UniversityShimotsuke‐shiJapan
| | - Hiroomi Tamura
- Division of Hygienic ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyKeio UniversityTokyoJapan
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Methotrexate significantly induces apoptosis by inhibiting STAT3 activation in NPM-ALK-positive ALCL cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 170:113666. [PMID: 31654627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is associated with a characteristic chromosomal translocation that generates the oncogenic fusion protein, nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK). Methotrexate is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug in the treatment of multiple cancers due to its inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), which suppresses the synthesis of DNA. In the present study, we found that low-dose methotrexate significantly induced apoptosis in transformed Ba/F3 cells expressing NPM-ALK by inhibiting the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (STAT3), a critical downstream molecule of NPM-ALK. Although methotrexate prevented the phosphorylation of STAT3, it did not affect the activity of NPM-ALK. A co-treatment with folinic acid prevented the methotrexate-induced inhibition of STAT3 activation and induction of apoptosis, suggesting that methotrexate exerts its cytotoxic effects by depleting tetrahydrofolate (THF) in transformed cells by NPM-ALK. Furthermore, methotrexate induced the down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic protein, MCL-1, DNA damage, and the activation of a p53 tumor suppressor, leading to apoptosis through the inhibition of STAT3. Methotrexate significantly induced apoptosis in ALK inhibitor-resistant cells expressing the NPM-ALK mutant harboring the point mutation, G262R, and in ALCL patient-derived NPM-ALK-positive Ki-JK cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential therapeutic application of methotrexate, which inhibits the activation of STAT3, to NPM-ALK-positive ALCL.
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10
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Richardson AI, Yin CC, Cui W, Li N, Medeiros LJ, Li L, Zhang D. p53 and β-Catenin Expression Predict Poorer Prognosis in Patients With Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2019; 19:e385-e392. [PMID: 31078446 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a major target of p53. β-Catenin/p53 coexpression predicts poorer survival in carcinoma patients. Conversely, CD99 inhibits tumor metastasis through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. We therefore assessed p53, β-catenin, and CD99 by immunohistochemistry. PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied 45 patients with systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL), including 20 anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive and 25 ALK-negative ALCL. β-Catenin expression was analyzed using phospho-β-catenin-S552 antibody because its nuclear localization indicates Wnt signaling. RESULTS In this cohort, p53 expression was associated with ALK-negative ALCL. Furthermore, p53 or β-catenin expression alone or β-catenin/p53 double expression showed poorer overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with ALCL overall and in patients with ALK-negative ALCL. CD99 expression was more frequent in ALK-positive ALCL but had no prognostic significance. CONCLUSION This is the first study to evaluate phospho-β-catenin-S552 expression in ALCL. The results of this study, although limited by small patient size, suggest that β-catenin and p53 may play a role in pathogenesis and may be helpful in risk stratification of ALCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Ibricevic Richardson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - C Cameron Yin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Nianyi Li
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Linheng Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO
| | - Da Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS.
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11
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Gerbe A, Alame M, Dereure O, Gonzalez S, Durand L, Tempier A, De Oliveira L, Tourneret A, Costes-Martineau V, Cacheux V, Szablewski V. Systemic, primary cutaneous, and breast implant-associated ALK-negative anaplastic large-cell lymphomas present similar biologic features despite distinct clinical behavior. Virchows Arch 2019; 475:163-174. [PMID: 30953147 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02570-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite distinct clinical presentation and outcome, systemic, primary cutaneous, and breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphomas (S-, PC-, BI-ALCL) ALK-negative (ALK-) show similar histopathological features including the presence of the "hallmark" cells with horseshoe-shaped nuclei and CD30 protein expression. The purpose was to better characterize these three entities using immunohistochemistry and FISH (Fluorescent in situ hybridization) to identify biomarkers differently expressed and that might be involved in their pathogenesis. Twenty-two S-ALCL ALK-, 13 PC-ALCL, and 2 BI-ALCL were included. Cases were tested for P53, P63, MUM1, MYC, GATA3, p-STAT3, PD1, and PDL1 protein expression and DUP22, TP53, TP63, MYC, and PDL1 chromosomal aberrations. As expected, S-ALCL ALK- patients had adverse outcome compare to PC and BI-ALCL. No difference was observed between the three groups concerning protein expression except for MUM1 that was significantly more frequently expressed in S-ALCL ALK- compared to PC-ALCL. In particular, constitutive activation of the STAT3 pathway and PDL1/PD1 immune-checkpoint expression was present in the three entities. TP53 deletion and PDL1 gene amplification were the commonest cytogenetic alterations and were present in the three entities. None of the studied biological parameters was associated with prognosis. Despite distinct clinical behavior, S-ALCL ALK-, PC-ALCL, and BI-ALCL share similar biological features. Larger series should be investigated with the current approach to determine more precisely the activity and the prognostic value of these biomarkers and pathways in each group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gerbe
- Département de Biopathologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire des Tumeurs, CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Gui De Chauliac, 34275, Montpellier, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Montpellier, 2 rue école de Médecine, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Melissa Alame
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Montpellier, 2 rue école de Médecine, 34060, Montpellier, France
- Département d'Hématologie biologique, CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Saint Eloi, 34275, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Dereure
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Montpellier, 2 rue école de Médecine, 34060, Montpellier, France
- Département de Dermatologie, CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Saint Eloi, 34275, Montpellier, France
| | - Samia Gonzalez
- Département de Pathologie, CHU Nîmes, Carémeau, 30009, Nîmes, France
| | | | - Ariane Tempier
- Département de Biopathologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire des Tumeurs, CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Gui De Chauliac, 34275, Montpellier, France
| | - Laura De Oliveira
- Département de Biopathologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire des Tumeurs, CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Gui De Chauliac, 34275, Montpellier, France
| | - Alicia Tourneret
- Département de Biopathologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire des Tumeurs, CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Gui De Chauliac, 34275, Montpellier, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Montpellier, 2 rue école de Médecine, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Costes-Martineau
- Département de Biopathologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire des Tumeurs, CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Gui De Chauliac, 34275, Montpellier, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Montpellier, 2 rue école de Médecine, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Valère Cacheux
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Montpellier, 2 rue école de Médecine, 34060, Montpellier, France
- Département d'Hématologie biologique, CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Saint Eloi, 34275, Montpellier, France
| | - Vanessa Szablewski
- Département de Biopathologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire des Tumeurs, CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Gui De Chauliac, 34275, Montpellier, France.
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Montpellier, 2 rue école de Médecine, 34060, Montpellier, France.
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12
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Abstract
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder occurring in patients with breast implants. Genomic characterization performed in BIA-ALCL to date has demonstrated qualitatively similar molecular abnormalities to those seen in its more common counterpart [ALK-negative systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (sALCL)] including JAK/STAT activation and MYC/TP53 dysregulation. Despite these observed similarities at the molecular level, the outcomes of sALCL and BIA-ALCL are markedly different with sALCL typically associated with an aggressive course and inferior outcomes compared with BIA-ALCL. This review describes the findings of high-throughput sequencing and other genomic characterization to date in BIA-ALCL and the insights these studies have given into the molecular drivers of this rare lymphoma subtype.
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13
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Targeting ALK in Cancer: Therapeutic Potential of Proapoptotic Peptides. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030275. [PMID: 30813562 PMCID: PMC6468335 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
ALK is a receptor tyrosine kinase, associated with many tumor types as diverse as anaplastic large cell lymphomas, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, breast and renal cell carcinomas, non-small cell lung cancer, neuroblastomas, and more. This makes ALK an attractive target for cancer therapy. Since ALK–driven tumors are dependent for their proliferation on the constitutively activated ALK kinase, a number of tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been developed to block tumor growth. While some inhibitors are under investigation in clinical trials, others are now approved for treatment, notably in ALK-positive lung cancer. Their efficacy is remarkable, however limited in time, as the tumors escape and become resistant to the treatment through different mechanisms. Hence, there is a pressing need to target ALK-dependent tumors by other therapeutic strategies, and possibly use them in combination with kinase inhibitors. In this review we will focus on the therapeutic potential of proapoptotic ALK-derived peptides based on the dependence receptor properties of ALK. We will also try to make a non-exhaustive list of several alternative treatments targeting ALK-dependent and independent signaling pathways.
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14
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Blombery P, Thompson E, Ryland GL, Joyce R, Byrne DJ, Khoo C, Lade S, Hertzberg M, Hapgood G, Marlton P, Deva A, Lindeman G, Fox S, Westerman D, Prince M. Frequent activating STAT3 mutations and novel recurrent genomic abnormalities detected in breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:36126-36136. [PMID: 30546832 PMCID: PMC6281423 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare form of T-cell lymphoma that occurs after implantation of breast prostheses. We performed comprehensive next generation sequencing based genomic characterization of 11 cases of BIA-ALCL including sequence variant detection on 180 genes frequently mutated in haematological malignancy, genome-wide copy number assessment, structural variant detection involving the T-cell receptor loci and TRB deep-sequencing. We observed sequence variants leading to JAK/STAT activation in 10 out of 11 patients. We also observed germline TP53 mutations in two cases. In addition we detected a recurrent copy number loss involving RPL5 as well as copy number amplifications involving TNFRSF11A [RANK] (in 2 cases), MYC, P2RX7, TMEM119 and PDGFRA. In summary, our comprehensive genomic characterisation of 11 cases of BIA-ALCL has provided insight into potential pathobiological mechanisms (JAK/STAT, MYC and TP53) as well as identifying targets for future therapeutic intervention (TNFRSF11A, PDGFRA) in this rare entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piers Blombery
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ella Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Georgina L Ryland
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel Joyce
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Byrne
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine Khoo
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen Lade
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Hertzberg
- Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Greg Hapgood
- Department of Haematology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paula Marlton
- Department of Haematology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anand Deva
- Surgical Infection Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Lindeman
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen Fox
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David Westerman
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Miles Prince
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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15
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Oncogenic activation of the STAT3 pathway drives PD-L1 expression in natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Blood 2018; 132:1146-1158. [PMID: 30054295 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-01-829424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature T-cell lymphomas, including peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) and extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTL), represent a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas with dismal outcomes and limited treatment options. To determine the extent of involvement of the JAK/STAT pathway in this malignancy, we performed targeted capture sequencing of 188 genes in this pathway in 171 PTCL and NKTL cases. A total of 272 nonsynonymous somatic mutations in 101 genes were identified in 73% of the samples, including 258 single-nucleotide variants and 14 insertions or deletions. Recurrent mutations were most frequently located in STAT3 and TP53 (15%), followed by JAK3 and JAK1 (6%) and SOCS1 (4%). A high prevalence of STAT3 mutation (21%) was observed specifically in NKTL. Novel STAT3 mutations (p.D427H, E616G, p.E616K, and p.E696K) were shown to increase STAT3 phosphorylation and transcriptional activity of STAT3 in the absence of cytokine, in which p.E616K induced programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression by robust binding of activated STAT3 to the PD-L1 gene promoter. Consistent with these findings, PD-L1 was overexpressed in NKTL cell lines harboring hotspot STAT3 mutations, and similar findings were observed by the overexpression of p.E616K and p.E616G in the STAT3 wild-type NKTL cell line. Conversely, STAT3 silencing and inhibition decreased PD-L1 expression in STAT3 mutant NKTL cell lines. In NKTL tumors, STAT3 activation correlated significantly with PD-L1 expression. We demonstrated that STAT3 activation confers high PD-L1 expression, which may promote tumor immune evasion. The combination of PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies and STAT3 inhibitors might be a promising therapeutic approach for NKTL, and possibly PTCL.
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16
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Derenzini E, Rossi A, Treré D. Treating hematological malignancies with drugs inhibiting ribosome biogenesis: when and why. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:75. [PMID: 29855342 PMCID: PMC5984324 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that chemotherapy can cure only some cancers in advanced stage, mostly those with an intact p53 pathway. Hematological cancers such as lymphoma and certain forms of leukemia are paradigmatic examples of such scenario. Recent evidence indicates that the efficacy of many of the alkylating and intercalating agents, antimetabolites, topoisomerase, and kinase inhibitors used in cancer therapy is largely due to p53 stabilization and activation consequent to the inhibition of ribosome biogenesis. In this context, innovative drugs specifically hindering ribosome biogenesis showed preclinical activity and are currently in early clinical development in hematological malignancies. The mechanism of p53 stabilization after ribosome biogenesis inhibition is a multistep process, depending on specific factors that can be altered in tumor cells, which can affect the antitumor efficacy of ribosome biogenesis inhibitors (RiBi). In the present review, the basic mechanisms underlying the anticancer activity of RiBi are discussed based on the evidence deriving from available preclinical and clinical studies, with the purpose of defining when and why the treatment with drugs inhibiting ribosomal biogenesis could be highly effective in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Derenzini
- European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Rossi
- European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Treré
- DIMES, Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna, Italy.
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17
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Yi S, Sun J, Qiu L, Fu W, Wang A, Liu X, Yang Y, Kadin ME, Tu P, Wang Y. Dual Role of EZH2 in Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: Promoting Tumor Cell Survival and Regulating Tumor Microenvironment. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1126-1136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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18
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Nikitakis NG, Rassidakis GZ, Tasoulas J, Gkouveris I, Kamperos G, Daskalopoulos A, Sklavounou A. Alterations in the expression of DNA damage response-related molecules in potentially preneoplastic oral epithelial lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018; 125:637-649. [PMID: 29705090 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression levels of DNA damage response (DDR) markers in potentially preneoplastic oral epithelial lesions (PPOELs). STUDY DESIGN Immunohistochemical expression of DDR markers (γΗ2 ΑΧ, pChk2, 53 BP1, p53, and phosphorylated at Ser 15 p53) was assessed in 41 oral leukoplakias, ranging from hyperplasia (H) to dysplasia (D) and in comparison with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and normal mucosa (NM). Statistical and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed. RESULTS γH2 AX immunoexpression demonstrated a gradual increase and upper layer extension from NM to H to higher D degrees to OSCC. pChk2 expression was minimal in NM, relatively low in PPOELs, with an increasing tendency from H to D, and higher in OSCC. 53 BP1 demonstrated higher levels in OSCC than in NM, whereas its expression in PPOELs was heterogeneous, gradually increasing according to D. p53 demonstrated progressively higher levels and upper layer extension from H to D to OSCC. Phosphorylated p53 was absent in NM and relatively low in PPOELs and OSCC. CONCLUSIONS DDR markers' expression is variable in PPOELs, showing a tendency to increase along with dysplasia. Activated DDR mechanisms may play an important protective role at early stages of oral carcinogenesis, but probably suffer progressive deregulation, eventually failing to suppress malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Nikitakis
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Jason Tasoulas
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Gkouveris
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Diagnostics and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Georgios Kamperos
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Argyrios Daskalopoulos
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Sklavounou
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
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19
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Lobello C, Bikos V, Janikova A, Pospisilova S. The Role of Oncogenic Tyrosine Kinase NPM-ALK in Genomic Instability. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10030064. [PMID: 29510549 PMCID: PMC5876639 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic stability is crucial for cell life and transmitting genetic material is one of the primary tasks of the cell. The cell needs to be able to recognize any possible error and quickly repair it, and thus, cells have developed several mechanisms to detect DNA damage and promote repair during evolution. The DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair pathways ensure the control of possible errors that could impair the duplication of genetic information and introduce variants in the DNA. Endogenous and exogenous factors compromise genomic stability and cause dysregulation in the DDR and DNA repair pathways. Cancer cells often impair these mechanisms to overcome cellular barriers (cellular senescence and/or apoptosis), leading to malignancy. NPM (nucleophosmin)-ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) is an oncogenic tyrosine kinase that is involved in the development of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). NPM-ALK is known to be involved in the activation of proliferative and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways. New evidence reveals that NPM-ALK translocation also impairs the ability of cells to maintain the genomic stability through both DDR and DNA repair pathways. This review aims to highlight the role of the oncogenic tyrosine kinase NPM-ALK in the cell, and pointing to new possible therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Lobello
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vasilis Bikos
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrea Janikova
- Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Sarka Pospisilova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
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20
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Margolskee E, Jobanputra V, Jain P, Chen J, Ganapathi K, Nahum O, Levy B, Morscio J, Murty V, Tousseyn T, Alobeid B, Mansukhani M, Bhagat G. Genetic landscape of T- and NK-cell post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37636-37648. [PMID: 27203213 PMCID: PMC5122338 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders of T- or NK-cell origin (T/NK-PTLD) are rare entities and their genetic basis is unclear. We performed targeted sequencing of 465 cancer-related genes and high-resolution copy number analysis in 17 T-PTLD and 2 NK-PTLD cases. Overall, 377 variants were detected, with an average of 20 variants per case. Mutations of epigenetic modifier genes (TET2, KMT2C, KMT2D, DNMT3A, ARID1B, ARID2, KDM6B, n=11). and inactivation of TP53 by mutation and/or deletion(n=6) were the most frequent alterations, seen across disease subtypes, followed by mutations of JAK/STAT pathway genes (n=5). Novel variants, including mutations in TBX3 (n=3), MED12 (n=3) and MTOR (n=1), were observed as well. High-level microsatellite instability was seen in 1 of 14 (7%) cases, which had a heterozygous PMS2 mutation. Complex copy number changes were detected in 8 of 16 (50%) cases and disease subtype-specific aberrations were also identified. In contrast to B-cell PTLDs, the molecular and genomic alterations observed in T/NK-PTLD appear similar to those reported for peripheral T-cell lymphomas occurring in immunocompetent hosts, which may suggest common genetic mechanisms of lymphoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Margolskee
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vaidehi Jobanputra
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Preti Jain
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinli Chen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karthik Ganapathi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Odelia Nahum
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brynn Levy
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie Morscio
- Department of Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Laboratory, UZ Leuven/KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vundavalli Murty
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Tousseyn
- Department of Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Laboratory, UZ Leuven/KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bachir Alobeid
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mahesh Mansukhani
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Govind Bhagat
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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21
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Gan R, Xie X, He J, Liu X, Hong L, Tang Y, Liu F, Xie H. Gene Analysis of Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Lymphomas in Hu-PBL/SCID Chimeras. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 96:465-72. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161009600315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background The mechanisms of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated tumor development are incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the gene expression of EBV-associated lymphomas in hu-PBL/SCID mice. Methods Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (hu-PBL) from EBV-seropositive donors were transplanted into severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. In situ hybridization was used to detect EBV-encoded small RNA-1 (EBER1) in tumor tissues. Mutation of TP53 exons 5–8 in EBV-induced lymphomas was analyzed by PCR-SSCP. Immunohistochemical staining was used to examine EBV gene products and cellular oncoproteins. Results Twenty-one of 29 mice developed tumors. EBER1 was positive in the nuclei of almost all tumor cells. Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining of LMP1, EBNA2 and ZEBRA in a small number of tumor cells. Immunohistochemically detectable p53 protein expression was common (85.7%), but TP53 gene mutations were identified in only four cases (19.1%) of EBV-associated lymphomas. Positivity rates of C-myc, Bcl-2 and Bax expression were 100%, 95.2%, and 90.5%, respectively, in the 21 cases of EBV-associated lymphomas. Conclusions Our preliminary findings suggest that EBV-associated lymphomas in hu-PBL/SCID chimeras show EBV infection, expression of oncogenic viral genes, and overexpression of cellular oncogenes. TP53 gene mutations are rare but p53 protein is commonly expressed in EBV-associated lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runliang Gan
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jie He
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Li Hong
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yunlian Tang
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Hailong Xie
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan 421001, China
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22
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Pastorello RG, D’Almeida Costa F, Osório CABT, Makdissi FBA, Bezerra SM, de Brot M, Campos AHJFM, Soares FA, Vassallo J. Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma in a Li-FRAUMENI patient: a case report. Diagn Pathol 2018; 13:10. [PMID: 29370815 PMCID: PMC5784673 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-018-0688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare malignancy, recently recognized as a provisional entity by the World Health Organization. Although increasing data have been published on this entity in recent years, a great number of patients and health professionals remain unaware of this diagnosis. CASE PRESENTATION We herein report the case of a 56-year-old female with Li-FRAUMENI syndrome who presented with late right-sided recurrent breast swelling after prophylactic adenomastectomy with implant reconstruction. Imaging scans revealed an heterogeneous mass adjacent to the implant fibrous capsule. A biopsy of the lesion rendered the diagnosis of a BIA-ALCL. CONCLUSIONS This case presents similarities with previous reports, but also some particularities, which should be stressed in order to make the diagnosis the earliest possible. The most distinct feature is that this is the second report of BIA-ALCL arising in the setting of Li-FRAUMENI syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Garcia Pastorello
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, 211 Professor Antônio Prudente Street, Sao Paulo, Zip code 01509-900 Brazil
| | - Felipe D’Almeida Costa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, 211 Professor Antônio Prudente Street, Sao Paulo, Zip code 01509-900 Brazil
| | - Cynthia A. B. T. Osório
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, 211 Professor Antônio Prudente Street, Sao Paulo, Zip code 01509-900 Brazil
| | | | - Stephania Martins Bezerra
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, 211 Professor Antônio Prudente Street, Sao Paulo, Zip code 01509-900 Brazil
| | - Marina de Brot
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, 211 Professor Antônio Prudente Street, Sao Paulo, Zip code 01509-900 Brazil
| | - Antonio Hugo J. F. M. Campos
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, 211 Professor Antônio Prudente Street, Sao Paulo, Zip code 01509-900 Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto Soares
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, 211 Professor Antônio Prudente Street, Sao Paulo, Zip code 01509-900 Brazil
- Department of Breast Surgery, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Vassallo
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, 211 Professor Antônio Prudente Street, Sao Paulo, Zip code 01509-900 Brazil
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23
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Ceccon M, Merlo MEB, Mologni L, Poggio T, Varesio LM, Menotti M, Bombelli S, Rigolio R, Manazza AD, Di Giacomo F, Ambrogio C, Giudici G, Casati C, Mastini C, Compagno M, Turner SD, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Chiarle R, Voena C. Excess of NPM-ALK oncogenic signaling promotes cellular apoptosis and drug dependency. Oncogene 2015; 35:3854-3865. [PMID: 26657151 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most of the anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) cases carry the t(2;5; p23;q35) that produces the fusion protein NPM-ALK (nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase). NPM-ALK-deregulated kinase activity drives several pathways that support malignant transformation of lymphoma cells. We found that in ALK-rearranged ALCL cell lines, NPM-ALK was distributed in equal amounts between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Only the cytoplasmic portion was catalytically active in both cell lines and primary ALCL, whereas the nuclear portion was inactive because of heterodimerization with NPM1. Thus, about 50% of the NPM-ALK is not active and sequestered as NPM-ALK/NPM1 heterodimers in the nucleus. Overexpression or relocalization of NPM-ALK to the cytoplasm by NPM genetic knockout or knockdown caused ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2) increased phosphorylation and cell death through the engagement of an ATM/Chk2- and γH2AX (phosphorylated H2A histone family member X)-mediated DNA-damage response. Remarkably, human NPM-ALK-amplified cell lines resistant to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) underwent apoptosis upon drug withdrawal as a consequence of ERK1/2 hyperactivation. Altogether, these findings indicate that an excess of NPM-ALK activation and signaling induces apoptosis via oncogenic stress responses. A 'drug holiday' where the ALK TKI treatment is suspended could represent a therapeutic option in cells that become resistant by NPM-ALK amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Ceccon
- Department of Health Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Boggio Merlo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Mologni
- Department of Health Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Teresa Poggio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Lydia M Varesio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Matteo Menotti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Bombelli
- Department of Health Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberta Rigolio
- Surgery and Translational Medicine department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea D Manazza
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Filomena Di Giacomo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Ambrogio
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giovanni Giudici
- Tettamanti Research Centre, Pediatric Clinic, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Mastini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Mara Compagno
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy.,Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini
- Department of Health Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Section of Haematology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiarle
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy.,Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Claudia Voena
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
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24
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ALK: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase. Mol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139046947.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
Key Points
The commonest lesions in anaplastic large cell lymphomas are losses at 17p13 and at 6q21, concomitant in up to one-quarter of the cases. PRDM1 (BLIMP1) gene (6q21) is inactivated by multiple mechanisms and acts as a tumor suppressor gene in anaplastic large B-cell lymphoma.
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MDM2 phenotypic and genotypic profiling, respective to TP53 genetic status, in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with rituximab-CHOP immunochemotherapy: a report from the International DLBCL Rituximab-CHOP Consortium Program. Blood 2013; 122:2630-40. [PMID: 23982177 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-12-473702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MDM2 is a key negative regulator of the tumor suppressor p53, however, the prognostic significance of MDM2 overexpression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has not been defined convincingly. In a p53 genetically-defined large cohort of de novo DLBCL patients treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) chemotherapy, we assessed MDM2 and p53 expression by immunohistochemistry (n = 478), MDM2 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (n = 364), and a single nucleotide polymorphism in the MDM2 promoter, SNP309, by SNP genotyping assay (n = 108). Our results show that MDM2 overexpression, unlike p53 overexpression, is not a significant prognostic factor in overall DLBCL. Both MDM2 and p53 overexpression do not predict for an adverse clinical outcome in patients with wild-type p53 but predicts for significantly poorer survival in patients with mutated p53. Variable p53 activities may ultimately determine the survival differences, as suggested by the gene expression profiling analysis. MDM2 amplification was observed in 3 of 364 (0.8%) patients with high MDM2 expression. The presence of SNP309 did not correlate with MDM2 expression and survival. This study indicates that evaluation of MDM2 and p53 expression correlating with TP53 genetic status is essential to assess their prognostic significance and is important for designing therapeutic strategies that target the MDM2-p53 interaction.
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Genome-wide analysis reveals recurrent structural abnormalities of TP63 and other p53-related genes in peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Blood 2012; 120:2280-9. [PMID: 22855598 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-03-419937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are aggressive malignancies of mature T lymphocytes with 5-year overall survival rates of only ∼ 35%. Improvement in outcomes has been stymied by poor understanding of the genetics and molecular pathogenesis of PTCL, with a resulting paucity of molecular targets for therapy. We developed bioinformatic tools to identify chromosomal rearrangements using genome-wide, next-generation sequencing analysis of mate-pair DNA libraries and applied these tools to 16 PTCL patient tissue samples and 6 PTCL cell lines. Thirteen recurrent abnormalities were identified, of which 5 involved p53-related genes (TP53, TP63, CDKN2A, WWOX, and ANKRD11). Among these abnormalities were novel TP63 rearrangements encoding fusion proteins homologous to ΔNp63, a dominant-negative p63 isoform that inhibits the p53 pathway. TP63 rearrangements were seen in 11 (5.8%) of 190 PTCLs and were associated with inferior overall survival; they also were detected in 2 (1.2%) of 164 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. As TP53 mutations are rare in PTCL compared with other malignancies, our findings suggest that a constellation of alternate genetic abnormalities may contribute to disruption of p53-associated tumor suppressor function in PTCL.
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Leventaki V, Rodic V, Tripp SR, Bayerl MG, Perkins SL, Barnette P, Schiffman JD, Miles RR. TP53 pathway analysis in paediatric Burkitt lymphoma reveals increased MDM4 expression as the only TP53 pathway abnormality detected in a subset of cases. Br J Haematol 2012; 158:763-71. [PMID: 22845047 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The TP53 (p53) pathway can be inhibited by TP53 mutation or deletion or by MDM2 overexpression. Both occur in Burkitt lymphoma (BL), but many cases lack either abnormality. Expression patterns of the TP53 inhibitor MDM4 have not been reported in BL, and increased MDM4 could deregulate the TP53 pathway in cases without TP53 or MDM2 abnormalities. We investigated TP53 pathway disruption in paediatric BL patient samples (n = 30) by studying MDM4, MDM2, and CDKN1A (p21) protein and mRNA expression; TP53 mutations; TP53 protein expression; and gene copy number abnormalities. MDM4 protein was expressed in 30/30 tumours, and MDM2 protein was weakly expressed in 7/30 (23%). All cases were negative for CDKN1A protein, and CDKN1A mRNA levels were decreased. TP53 mutations were detected in 5/28 (18%) cases and confirmed by sequencing. TP53 protein was expressed in 15/30 (50%) cases, including 7/8 with TP53 genetic alterations. MDM2 protein and mRNA expression levels did not correlate with lack of TP53 genetic changes or TP53 protein expression; however, there was an inverse relationship between detectable TP53 protein expression and MDM4 copy number gains and mRNA expression. The TP53 pathway is deregulated in paediatric BL cases, and increased MDM4 expression may be the primary mechanism in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Leventaki
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0565, USA
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The lymphoma-associated NPM-ALK oncogene elicits a p16INK4a/pRb-dependent tumor-suppressive pathway. Blood 2011; 117:6617-26. [PMID: 21518927 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-08-301135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is a barrier for tumor development. Oncogene-dependent DNA damage and activation of the ARF/p53 pathway play a central role in OIS and, accordingly, ARF and p53 are frequently mutated in human cancer. A number of leukemia/lymphoma-initiating oncogenes, however, inhibit ARF/p53 and only infrequently select for ARF or p53 mutations, suggesting the involvement of other tumor-suppressive pathways. We report that NPM-ALK, the initiating oncogene of anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs), induces DNA damage and irreversibly arrests the cell cycle of primary fibroblasts and hematopoietic progenitors. This effect is associated with inhibition of p53 and is caused by activation of the p16INK4a/pRb tumor-suppressive pathway. Analysis of NPM-ALK lymphomagenesis in transgenic mice showed p16INK4a-dependent accumulation of senescent cells in premalignant lesions and decreased tumor latency in the absence of p16INK4a. Accordingly, human ALCLs showed no expression of either p16INK4a or pRb. Up-regulation of the histone-demethylase Jmjd3 and de-methylation at the p16INK4a promoter contributed to the effect of NPM-ALK on p16INK4a, which was transcriptionally regulated. These data demonstrate that p16INK4a/pRb may function as an alternative pathway of oncogene-induced senescence, and suggest that the reactivation of p16INK4a expression might be a novel strategy to restore the senescence program in some tumors.
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30
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McDuff FKE, Turner SD. Aberrant anaplastic lymphoma kinase activity induces a p53 and Rb-dependent senescence-like arrest in the absence of detectable p53 stabilization. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17854. [PMID: 21423761 PMCID: PMC3056788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase aberrantly
expressed in a variety of tumor types, most notably in Anaplastic Large Cell
Lymphoma (ALCL) where a chromosomal translocation generates the oncogenic fusion
protein, Nucleophosmin-ALK (NPM-ALK). Whilst much is known regarding the
mechanism of transformation by NPM-ALK, the existence of cellular defence
pathways to prevent this pathological process has not been investigated.
Employing the highly tractable primary murine embryonic fibroblast (MEF) system
we show that cellular transformation is not an inevitable consequence of NPM-ALK
activity but is combated by p53 and Rb. Activation of p53 and/or Rb by NPM-ALK
triggers a potent proliferative block with features reminiscent of senescence.
While loss of p53 alone is sufficient to circumvent NPM-ALK-induced senescence
and permit cellular transformation, sole loss of Rb permits continued
proliferation but not transformation due to p53-imposed restraints. Furthermore,
NPM-ALK attenuates p53 activity in an Rb and MDM2 dependent manner but this
activity is not sufficient to bypass senescence. These data indicate that
senescence may constitute an effective barrier to ALK-induced malignancies that
ultimately must be overcome for tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Kate Elizabeth McDuff
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Dawn Turner
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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31
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Martin P, Attygalle AD, Swansbury J, Min T, Morilla A, Hockley SL, Wotherspoon A, Morgan GJ, Catovsky D, Dearden CE, Matutes E. p53 protein overexpression in bone marrow biopsies from chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is associated with TP53 deletion and resistance to fludarabine. J Hematop 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12308-010-0068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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32
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Berge G, Mælandsmo GM. Evaluation of potential interactions between the metastasis-associated protein S100A4 and the tumor suppressor protein p53. Amino Acids 2010; 41:863-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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The therapeutic potential of p53 reactivation by nutlin-3a in ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma with wild-type or mutated p53. Leukemia 2009; 23:2290-9. [PMID: 19741726 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
p53 is expressed frequently, but is rarely mutated in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) tumours. Nutlin-3a is a recently developed small molecule that targets Mdm2, a critical negative regulator of p53, and disrupts the p53-Mdm2 interaction resulting in p53 stabilization and activation. We show that nutlin-3a activates p53 in ALK+ ALCL cells carrying a wild type (wt) or mutated but partially functional p53 gene resulting in p53-dependent cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Cell-cycle arrest was associated with upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Nutlin-3a-induced apoptotic cell death was accompanied by Bax and Puma upregulation, downregulation of Bcl-xl, survivin, and caspase-3 cleavage, and this was reduced when p53-dependent transactivation activity was inhibited by pifithrin-alpha, or when pifithrin-mu was used to inhibit direct p53 targeting of mitochondria. Nutlin-3a sensitized the activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway in wt-p53 ALK+ ALCL cells, in part, through upregulation of DR-5 and downregulation of c-Flip(S/L), and was synergistic with TRAIL in cell death induction. In addition, nutlin-3a treatment enhanced doxorubicin cytotoxicity against ALK+ ALCL cells harbouring mt p53, and this was associated with p73 upregulation. These data suggest that disruption of the p53-mdm2 interaction by nutlin-3a offers a novel therapeutic approach for ALK+ ALCL patients.
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Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is characterized by the presence of the t(2;5)(p23;q35) generating the nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK) fusion protein, a hyperactive kinase with transforming properties. Among these properties is the ability to regulate activity of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. In many human cancers, p53 is inactivated by mutation or other means, in some cases as a result of up-regulation of the negative regulator MDM2. However, the majority of ALK-expressing ALCL carry wild-type p53 and do not over express MDM2. We demonstrate a novel p53-dependent pathogenetic mechanism in ALK-expressing lymphoma. We confirm previously published reports of NPM-ALK-induced activation of the phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) stress-activated protein (SAP) kinase proteins, but in this study demonstrate a role for these in the regulation of p53 activity in an intricate signaling system. Specifically, constitutive ALK signaling leads to the functional inactivation and/or degradation of p53 in JNK and MDM2 dependent manners. We also show nuclear exclusion of p53 in a PI 3-kinase-dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate that reactivation of p53 in ALK-expressing cells as a result of pharmacologic inhibition of JNK, PI 3-kinase, and/or MDM2 activities results in the induction of apoptosis suggesting a novel therapeutic modality.
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35
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Salaverria I, Beà S, Lopez-Guillermo A, Lespinet V, Pinyol M, Burkhardt B, Lamant L, Zettl A, Horsman D, Gascoyne R, Ott G, Siebert R, Delsol G, Campo E. Genomic profiling reveals different genetic aberrations in systemic ALK-positive and ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphomas. Br J Haematol 2008; 140:516-26. [PMID: 18275429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06924.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a T/null-cell neoplasm characterized by chromosomal translocations involving the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene (ALK). Tumours with similar morphology and phenotype but negative for ALK have been also recognized. The secondary chromosomal imbalances of these lymphomas are not well known. We have examined 74 ALCL, 43 ALK-positive and 31 ALK-negative, cases by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and locus-specific alterations for TP53 and ATM were examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Chromosomal imbalances were detected in 25 (58%) ALK-positive and 20 (65%) ALK-negative ALCL. ALK-positive ALCL with NPM-ALK or other ALK variant translocations showed a similar profile of secondary genetic alterations. Gains of 17p and 17q24-qter and losses of 4q13-q21, and 11q14 were associated with ALK-positive cases (P = 0.05), whereas gains of 1q and 6p21 were more frequent in ALK-negative tumours (P = 0.03). Gains of chromosome 7 and 6q and 13q losses were seen in both types of tumours. ALCL-negative tumours had a significantly worse prognosis than ALK-positive. However no specific chromosomal alterations were associated with survival. In conclusion, ALK-positive and negative ALCL have different secondary genomic aberrations, suggesting they correspond to different genetic entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Salaverria
- Haematopathology Section, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Istitute d'Inverstigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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36
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Citak EC, Oguz A, Karadeniz C, Akyurek N. Role of gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), TIMP-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and microvessel density on the clinicopathological behavior of childhood non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2008; 25:55-66. [PMID: 18231955 DOI: 10.1080/08880010701826866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to clarify the role of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and microvessel density (MVD) in the clinicopathologic behavior of childhood B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens from 25 children with NHL were studied by immunohistochemically and the correlate the expression of these markers to clinicopathologic characteristics. Positive MMP-9 staining was associated with an increased prevalence of B-symptoms (p = .046). High microvessel density (MVD) showed a tendency toward an adverse outcome and it was correlated with clinical stage (p = .023). The event-free survival of high MVD patients was less than for those with low MVD, but the difference was not statistically significant (64.1% vs. 85.71% respectively, p = 0.15). The overall survival of high MVD patients was less than for those low with MVD and the difference was statistically significant (55.53% vs. 100% respectively, p = .039). Neither gelatinases nor VEGF correlated with age, sex, disease stage, the occurrence of bulky disease, or extranodal disease. The results showed that angiogenesis and angiogenic factors might have a role in development and clinical behavior of childhood NHL. Larger series of patients are needed to determine the prognostic value of angiogenesis in childhood non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvan Caglar Citak
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Drakos E, Thomaides A, Medeiros LJ, Li J, Leventaki V, Konopleva M, Andreeff M, Rassidakis GZ. Inhibition of p53-murine double minute 2 interaction by nutlin-3A stabilizes p53 and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in Hodgkin lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:3380-7. [PMID: 17545546 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-2581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE p53 is frequently expressed but rarely mutated in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). p53 protein levels are regulated by murine double minute 2 (MDM2) through a well-established autoregulatory feedback loop. In this study, we investigated the effects of nutlin-3A, a recently developed small molecule that antagonizes MDM2 and disrupts the p53-MDM2 interaction, on p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cultured HRS cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN HL cell lines carrying wild-type (wt) or mutated p53 gene were treated with the potent MDM2 inhibitor nutlin-3A or a 150-fold less active enantiomer, nutlin-3B. RESULTS We show that nutlin-3A, but not nutlin-3B, stabilizes p53 in cultured HRS cells carrying wt p53 gene resulting in p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Cell cycle arrest was associated with up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Nutlin-3A-induced apoptotic cell death was accompanied by Bax and Puma up-regulation and caspase-3 cleavage and was abrogated, in part, by inhibition of caspase-9 and caspase-3 activity. By contrast, no effects on cell cycle or apoptosis were found in HL cell lines harboring mutated p53 gene. Furthermore, combined treatment with nutlin-3A and doxorubicin revealed enhanced cytotoxicity in HRS cells with wt p53 gene. Blocking of nuclear export by leptomycin B, or inhibition of proteasome by MG132, stabilized p53 at a level comparable with that of nutlin-3A treatment in HRS cells with wt p53. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that nutlin-3A stabilized p53 by preventing MDM2-mediated p53 degradation in HRS cells. wt p53 stabilization and activation by nutlin-3A may be a novel therapeutic approach for patients with HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Drakos
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Chang H, Yeung J, Qi C, Xu W. Aberrant nuclear p53 protein expression detected by immunohistochemistry is associated with hemizygous P53 deletion and poor survival for multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2007; 138:324-9. [PMID: 17555471 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hemizygous TP53 deletion is an adverse risk factor in multiple myeloma (MM) but its relationship with p53 protein expression is unclear. We investigated 105 newly diagnosed myeloma patients and correlated nuclear p53 protein immunoreactivity with TP53 deletion status, myeloma-associated genetic risk factors and survival. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) detected hemizygous TP53 deletions in 13 (12%) patients while immunohistochemistry detected nuclear p53 protein expression in 12 (11%). Ten (77%) of the 13 del(TP53) cases expressed nuclear p53 protein while 10 (83%) of the 12 nuclear p53 immunoreactive cases had hemizygous TP53 deletions. Hemizygous TP53 deletion and p53 protein expression were strongly correlated (P < 0.001). The overall survival of patients with p53 protein expression was significantly shorter than that of patients without p53 expression (P < 0.001). A multivariate analysis including other myeloma-associated genetic risk factors confirmed p53 expression as an independent risk factor for survival. Our data indicate that nuclear p53 protein expression, detected by a widely available immunohistochemical method, is strongly associated with TP53 deletion and an adverse clinical outcome for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chang
- Laboratory Hematology, and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Wehbe H, Henson R, Lang M, Meng F, Patel T. Pifithrin-α Enhances Chemosensitivity by a p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Modulation of the Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E in Malignant Cholangiocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 319:1153-61. [PMID: 16982703 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.109835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pifithrin-alpha is the lead compound for a novel group of small molecules that are being developed for use as anticancer agents. The eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF-4E) is overexpressed in many cancers, it can mediate sensitivity to therapy, and it may be regulated by p53. We examined the utility of pifithrin-alpha as an adjunct to therapy for the treatment of human cholangiocarcinoma, a tumor that is highly refractory to therapy, and we assessed the involvement of p53-dependent eIF-4E regulation in cellular responses to pifithrin-alpha. The expression of eIF-4E was increased in human cholangiocarcinomas compared with normal liver. Modulation of eIF-4E expression by RNA interference enhanced the efficacy of gemcitabine in KMCH cholangiocarcinoma cells. Preincubation of KMCH cells with pifithrin-alpha enhanced gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity in an eIF-4E-dependent manner. Furthermore, pifithrin-alpha increased eIF-4E phosphorylation at serine 209 via activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Pifithrin-alpha was shown to activate aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling and p38 MAPK activation. Sequencing analysis indicated the presence of a functionally inactivating p53 mutation in KMCH cells, and small interfering RNA to p53 did not modulate chemosensitization by pifithrin-alpha. Pifithrin-alpha enhanced chemosensitivity by a mechanism independent of p53 and involving AhR and p38 MAPK deregulation of eIF-4E phosphorylation. Thus, pifithrin-alpha may prove useful for enhancing chemosensitivity in tumors with mutated p53. Moreover, modulation of eIF-4E is an attractive therapeutic target for intervention in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hania Wehbe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scott and White Clinic, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas 76508, USA
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Akyurek N, Ren Y, Rassidakis GZ, Schlette EJ, Medeiros LJ. Expression of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins in B-cell non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphomas. Cancer 2006; 107:1844-51. [PMID: 16983704 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.22219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) inhibit apoptosis by binding specific caspases, and possibly by other mechanisms. Eight IAPs have been identified in humans, of which cIAP1, cIAP2, and XIAP are well known. IAPs are being investigated as potential treatment targets in cancer patients. METHODS cIAP1, cIAP2, and XIAP were assessed in lymphoma cell lines, 240 B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) tumors, and 40 Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) tumors. RESULTS All IAPs were expressed in most NHL and all HL cell lines. In NHL tumors, cIAP1 was expressed in 174 (73%), cIAP2 in 115 (48%), and XIAP in 37 (15%). cIAP1 was positive in all precursor B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia (LBL) and nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZL), over 90% of follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and approximately 50% to 60% of myeloma, Burkitt lymphoma (BL), lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (LPL/WM), small lymphocytic lymphoma/ chronic lymphocytic leukemia (SLL/CLL), extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT-lymphoma), splenic MZL, and mantle cell lymphoma. cIAP2 was positive in all MALT-lymphoma, over 90% of precursor B-cell LBL (94%), most BL (75%), LPL/WM (71%), and SLL/CLL (67%), and approximately 40% to 60% of follicular lymphoma, myeloma, and DLBCL. XIAP was positive most cases of precursor B-cell LBL (57%) and approximately 30% to 40% of nodal MZL, BL, and DLBCL. In HL tumors, cIAP1 was positive in 30 (75%), cIAP2 in 27 (68%), and XIAP in 23 (58%), and did not correlate with histologic type. CONCLUSIONS Differential expression of IAPs in B-cell lymphomas suggests differences in pathogenesis that may have implications for novel treatment strategies targeting IAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalan Akyurek
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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