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Di Fiore R, Drago-Ferrante R, Suleiman S, Calleja N, Calleja-Agius J. The role of microRNA-9 in ovarian and cervical cancers: An updated overview. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2024:108546. [PMID: 39030109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2024.108546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian and cervical cancers are the two most frequent kind of gynaecological cancers (GCs). In spite of advances in prevention, screening and treatment, cervical cancer still leads to an increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Ovarian cancer is often detected at a late stage, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of available treatments. Therefore, novel methods are desperately needed to improve the clinical care of GC patients. MicroRNAs, also known as short noncoding RNAs (miRNAs/miRs), are a diverse group of RNAs with a length of 22 nucleotides. These typically cause translational repression and mRNA degradation by interacting with target mRNAs' 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR), together with other regions and gene promoters. Under certain conditions, they are also able to activate translation or regulate transcription. It has been demonstrated that miRNAs are crucial to several biological processes leading to tumorigenesis, including GCs. Recent research has shown that miR-9 affects carcinogenesis. In this review, we will provide an overview of current research on the potential utility of miR-9 in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of ovarian and cervical malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Fiore
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, 2080, Msida, Malta; Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Rosa Drago-Ferrante
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, 2080, Msida, Malta; BioDNA Laboratories, Malta Life Sciences Park, SGN, 3000, San Gwann, Malta.
| | - Sherif Suleiman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, 2080, Msida, Malta.
| | - Neville Calleja
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, 2080, Msida, Malta.
| | - Jean Calleja-Agius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, 2080, Msida, Malta.
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2
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Beilankouhi EAV, Maghsoodi MS, Sani MZ, Khosroshahi NS, Zarezadeh R, Nargesi MM, Safaralizadeh R, Valilo M. miRNAs that regulate apoptosis in breast cancer and cervical cancer. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01405-7. [PMID: 38969951 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
In today's world, one of the main problems is cancer, which still has a long way to go to cure it, and it brings a lot of financial and emotional costs to the people of society and governments. Breast cancer (BC) and cervical cancer (CC), two of the most common cancers, are caused by several genetic and environmental factors in women. These two cancers' involvement rate is higher than other cancers in women. microRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNA molecules with a length of 18 to 24 nucleotides, which play an important role in post-translational changes. miRNAs themselves are divided into two categories, oncomiRs and tumor suppressors. OncomiRs have a part in tumor expansion and tumor suppressors prevent tumor development and progress. miRNAs can control cellular processes by regulating various pathways including autophagy, apoptosis, and signaling. Apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death that includes intrinsic and extrinsic pathways and is different from other cell death pathways such as necrosis and ferroptosis. Apoptosis controls the growth, differentiation, and death of cells by regulating the death of damaged and old cells, and since miRNAs are one of the factors that regulate apoptosis, and divided into two categories: pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic. We decided in this study to investigate the relationship between miRNAs and apoptosis in the most common women's cancers, BC and CC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maral Salek Maghsoodi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Zamani Sani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Negin Sadi Khosroshahi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Zarezadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mirsaed Miri Nargesi
- Molecular Virology and Covid Unit, LabPlus, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Auckland City Hospital, Te Whatu Ora Health New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Valilo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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3
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Ji R, Li Y, Huang R, Xiong J, Wang X, Zhang X. Recent Advances and Research Progress in Biomarkers for Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 186:103993. [PMID: 37061073 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.103993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus host disease (cGVHD) is a major risk for patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. With the emergence of novel therapies and the increased understanding of the mechanisms underlying cGVHD, there are more options for cGVHD treatment. Regardless of improvements in treatment, diagnosis mainly depends on identification of symptoms, which makes precise treatment a challenge. Numerous biomarkers for cGVHD have been validated and have demonstrated strong associations with prognosis and response to treatment. The most common biomarkers mainly include critical types of immune cells, chemokines, cytokines, microRNAs, and autoantibodies, all of which play important roles in the development of cGVHD. Compared to traditional tools, biomarkers have several advantages, for example, they can be applied for early diagnosis, to identify cGVHD risk before onset, and predict which therapy is most likely to benefit patients. In this review, we summarize biomarkers with potential clinical value and discuss future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ji
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yue Li
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Ruihao Huang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jingkang Xiong
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Xi Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 400037, China.
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4
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Nail AN, Ferragut Cardoso AP, Montero LK, States JC. miRNAs and arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 96:203-240. [PMID: 36858773 PMCID: PMC10184182 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic-induced carcinogenesis is a worldwide health problem. Identifying the molecular mechanisms responsible for the induction of arsenic-induced cancers is important for developing treatment strategies. MicroRNA (miRNA) dysregulation is known to affect development and progression of human cancer. Several studies have identified an association between altered miRNA expression in cancers from individuals chronically exposed to arsenic and in cell models for arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. This chapter provides a comprehensive review for miRNA dysregulation in arsenic-induced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Nail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Integrative Environmental Health Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Ana P Ferragut Cardoso
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Integrative Environmental Health Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Lakyn K Montero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Integrative Environmental Health Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - J Christopher States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Integrative Environmental Health Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.
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5
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Muthamilselvan S, Ramasami Sundhar Baabu P, Palaniappan A. Microfluidics for Profiling miRNA Biomarker Panels in AI-Assisted Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231185284. [PMID: 37365928 PMCID: PMC10331788 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231185284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of cancers and their precise subtyping are essential to patient stratification and effective cancer management. Data-driven identification of expression biomarkers coupled with microfluidics-based detection shows promise to revolutionize cancer diagnosis and prognosis. MicroRNAs play key roles in cancers and afford detection in tissue and liquid biopsies. In this review, we focus on the microfluidics-based detection of miRNA biomarkers in AI-based models for early-stage cancer subtyping and prognosis. We describe various subclasses of miRNA biomarkers that could be useful in machine-based predictive modeling of cancer staging and progression. Strategies for optimizing the feature space of miRNA biomarkers are necessary to obtain a robust signature panel. This is followed by a discussion of the issues in model construction and validation towards producing Software-as-Medical-Devices (SaMDs). Microfluidic devices could facilitate the multiplexed detection of miRNA biomarker panels, and an overview of the different strategies for designing such microfluidic systems is presented here, with an outline of the detection principles used and the corresponding performance measures. Microfluidics-based profiling of miRNAs coupled with SaMD represent high-performance point-of-care solutions that would aid clinical decision-making and pave the way for accessible precision personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Muthamilselvan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ashok Palaniappan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Chadda KR, Blakey EE, Coleman N, Murray MJ. The clinical utility of dysregulated microRNA expression in paediatric solid tumours. Eur J Cancer 2022; 176:133-154. [PMID: 36215946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-protein-coding genes that regulate the expression of numerous protein-coding genes. Their expression is dysregulated in cancer, where they may function as oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes. As miRNAs are highly resistant to degradation, they are ideal biomarker candidates to improve the diagnosis and clinical management of cancer, including prognostication. Furthermore, miRNAs dysregulated in malignancy represent potential therapeutic targets. The use of miRNAs for these purposes is a particularly attractive option to explore for paediatric malignancies, where the mutational burden is typically low, in contrast to cancers affecting adult patients. As childhood cancers are rare, it has taken time to accumulate the necessary body of evidence showing the potential for miRNAs to improve clinical management across this group of tumours. Here, we review the current literature regarding the potential clinical utility of miRNAs in paediatric solid tumours, which is now both timely and justified. Exploring such avenues is warranted to improve the management and outcomes of children affected by cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan R Chadda
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Ellen E Blakey
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Nicholas Coleman
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK; Department of Paediatric Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Matthew J Murray
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK; Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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7
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Santos A, Cristóbal I, Rubio J, Caramés C, Luque M, Sanz-Álvarez M, Zazo S, Madoz-Gúrpide J, Rojo F, García-Foncillas J. MicroRNA-19b Plays a Key Role in 5-Fluorouracil Resistance and Predicts Tumor Progression in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012447. [PMID: 36293302 PMCID: PMC9604503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard clinical management of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients includes neoadjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by mesorectal excision. MicroRNA (miR)-19b expression levels in LARC biopsies obtained from initial colonoscopy have recently been identified as independent predictors of both patient outcome and pathological response to preoperative CRT in this disease. Moreover, it has been discovered that this miR increases its expression in 5-FU resistant colon cancer cells after 5-FU exposure. Despite the fact that these observations suggest a functional role of miR-19b modulating 5-FU response of LARC cells, this issue still remains to be clarified. Here, we show that downregulation of miR-19b enhances the antitumor effects of 5-FU treatment. Moreover, ectopic miR-19b modulation was able to restore sensitivity to 5-FU treatment using an acquired resistant model to this compound. Notably, we also evaluated the potential clinical impact of miR-19b as a predictive marker of disease progression after tumor surgery resection in LARC patients, observing that miR-19b overexpression significantly anticipates patient recurrence in our cohort (p = 0.002). Altogether, our findings demonstrate the functional role of miR-19b in the progressively decreasing sensitivity to 5-FU treatment and its potential usefulness as a therapeutic target to overcome 5-FU resistance, as well as its clinical impact as predictor of tumor progression and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Santos
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, Health Research Institute (IIS)—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ion Cristóbal
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, Health Research Institute (IIS)—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (J.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-915-504-800 (I.C. & J.G.-F.)
| | - Jaime Rubio
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, Health Research Institute (IIS)—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Caramés
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, Health Research Institute (IIS)—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melani Luque
- Pathology Department, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Sanz-Álvarez
- Pathology Department, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Zazo
- Pathology Department, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Madoz-Gúrpide
- Pathology Department, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (J.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-915-504-800 (I.C. & J.G.-F.)
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8
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Potential therapeutic applications of microRNAs in cancer diagnosis and treatment: Sharpening a double-edged sword? Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 932:175210. [PMID: 35981607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of increased morbidity and mortality worldwide despite advancements in diagnosis and treatment. Lack of early detection and diagnosis of different cancers and adverse effects and toxicity associated with conventional cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation, remains a problem. MicroRNAs can act as oncogenes or tumour suppressors in different types of cancers. Their distinct gene expression in various stages and types of cancerous cells make them attractive targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy. The growing research and clinical interests in gene therapy and nano-drug delivery systems have led to the development of potential miRNA-targeted treatments encompassing miRNA mimics, antagonists, and their use in cancer chemotherapy sensitization. In this review, we discuss the recent advancements in understanding the role of miRNAs in cancer development and their potential use as biomarkers in clinical diagnostics and as targets in chemotherapy of cancer.
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Sebestyén E, Nagy Á, Marosvári D, Rajnai H, Kajtár B, Deák B, Matolcsy A, Brandner S, Storhoff J, Chen N, Bagó AG, Bödör C, Reiniger L. Distinct miRNA Expression Signatures of Primary and Secondary Central Nervous System Lymphomas. J Mol Diagn 2021; 24:224-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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10
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Saintilnord WN, Fondufe-Mittendorf Y. Arsenic-induced epigenetic changes in cancer development. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:195-205. [PMID: 33798722 PMCID: PMC8481342 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a ubiquitous metalloid whose high levels of toxicity pose major health concerns to millions of people worldwide by increasing susceptibility to various cancers and non-cancer illnesses. Since arsenic is not a mutagen, the mechanism by which it causes changes in gene expression and disease pathogenesis is not clear. One possible mechanism is through generation of reactive oxygen species. Another equally important mechanism still very much in its infancy is epigenetic dysregulation. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries underlying arsenic-induced epigenetic changes in cancer development. Importantly, we highlight the proposed mechanisms targeted by arsenic to drive oncogenic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley N Saintilnord
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Cornice J, Capece D, Di Vito Nolfi M, Di Padova M, Compagnoni C, Verzella D, Di Francesco B, Vecchiotti D, Flati I, Tessitore A, Alesse E, Barbato G, Zazzeroni F. Ultrasound-Based Method for the Identification of Novel MicroRNA Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111726. [PMID: 34828332 PMCID: PMC8619582 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of circulating microRNA (miRNA)-based biomarkers represents an innovative, non-invasive method for the early detection of cancer. However, the low concentration of miRNAs released in body fluids and the difficult identification of the tumor site have limited their clinical use as effective cancer biomarkers. To evaluate if ultrasound treatment could amplify the release of extracellular cancer biomarkers, we treated a panel of prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines with an ultrasound-based prototype and profiled the release of miRNAs in the extracellular space, with the aim of identifying novel miRNA-based biomarkers that could be used for PCa diagnosis and the monitoring of tumor evolution. We provide evidence that US-mediated sonoporation amplifies the release of miRNAs from both androgen-dependent (AD) and -independent (AI) PCa cells. We identified four PCa-related miRNAs, whose levels in LNCaP and DU145 supernatants were significantly increased following ultrasound treatment: mir-629-5p, mir-374-5p, mir-194-5p, and let-7d-5p. We further analyzed a publicly available dataset of PCa, showing that the serum expression of these novel miRNAs was upregulated in PCa patients compared to controls, thus confirming their clinical relevance. Our findings highlight the potential of using ultrasound to identify novel cell-free miRNAs released from cancer cells, with the aim of developing new biomarkers with diagnostic and predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Cornice
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (J.C.); (M.D.V.N.); (M.D.P.); (C.C.); (D.V.); (B.D.F.); (D.V.); (I.F.); (A.T.); (E.A.); (F.Z.)
| | - Daria Capece
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (J.C.); (M.D.V.N.); (M.D.P.); (C.C.); (D.V.); (B.D.F.); (D.V.); (I.F.); (A.T.); (E.A.); (F.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0862-433560
| | - Mauro Di Vito Nolfi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (J.C.); (M.D.V.N.); (M.D.P.); (C.C.); (D.V.); (B.D.F.); (D.V.); (I.F.); (A.T.); (E.A.); (F.Z.)
| | - Monica Di Padova
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (J.C.); (M.D.V.N.); (M.D.P.); (C.C.); (D.V.); (B.D.F.); (D.V.); (I.F.); (A.T.); (E.A.); (F.Z.)
| | - Chiara Compagnoni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (J.C.); (M.D.V.N.); (M.D.P.); (C.C.); (D.V.); (B.D.F.); (D.V.); (I.F.); (A.T.); (E.A.); (F.Z.)
| | - Daniela Verzella
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (J.C.); (M.D.V.N.); (M.D.P.); (C.C.); (D.V.); (B.D.F.); (D.V.); (I.F.); (A.T.); (E.A.); (F.Z.)
| | - Barbara Di Francesco
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (J.C.); (M.D.V.N.); (M.D.P.); (C.C.); (D.V.); (B.D.F.); (D.V.); (I.F.); (A.T.); (E.A.); (F.Z.)
| | - Davide Vecchiotti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (J.C.); (M.D.V.N.); (M.D.P.); (C.C.); (D.V.); (B.D.F.); (D.V.); (I.F.); (A.T.); (E.A.); (F.Z.)
| | - Irene Flati
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (J.C.); (M.D.V.N.); (M.D.P.); (C.C.); (D.V.); (B.D.F.); (D.V.); (I.F.); (A.T.); (E.A.); (F.Z.)
| | - Alessandra Tessitore
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (J.C.); (M.D.V.N.); (M.D.P.); (C.C.); (D.V.); (B.D.F.); (D.V.); (I.F.); (A.T.); (E.A.); (F.Z.)
| | - Edoardo Alesse
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (J.C.); (M.D.V.N.); (M.D.P.); (C.C.); (D.V.); (B.D.F.); (D.V.); (I.F.); (A.T.); (E.A.); (F.Z.)
| | - Gaetano Barbato
- Inno-Sol srl, Via della Ricerca Scientifica snc, ed. PP1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Zazzeroni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (J.C.); (M.D.V.N.); (M.D.P.); (C.C.); (D.V.); (B.D.F.); (D.V.); (I.F.); (A.T.); (E.A.); (F.Z.)
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12
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Lal M, Ansari AH, Agrawal A, Mukhopadhyay A. Diagnostic and Prognostic Potential of MiR-379/656 MicroRNA Cluster in Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184071. [PMID: 34575183 PMCID: PMC8467195 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer globally and is one of the most important contributors to cancer-related deaths. Earlier diagnosis is known to reduce mortality, and better biomarkers are needed. MiRNA clusters often co-express and target mRNAs in a coordinated fashion, perturbing entire pathways; they thus merit further exploration for diagnostic or prognostic use. MiR-379/656, at chromosome 14q32, is the second largest miRNA cluster in the human genome and implicated in various malignancies including glioblastoma, melanoma, gastrointestinal tumors and ovarian cancer highlighting its potential importance. In this study, we focus on the diagnostic and prognostic potentials of MiR-379/656 in breast cancer and its molecular subtypes. Materials and Methods: We analyzed miRNA and mRNA next generation sequencing data from 903 primary tumors and 90 normal controls (source: The Cancer Genome Atlas). The differential expression profile between tumor and normal was analyzed using DeSEQ2. Penalized logistic regression modelling (lasso regression) was used to assess the predictive potential of MiR-379/656 expression for tumor and normal samples. The association between MiR-379/656 expression and overall patient survival was studied using Cox Proportional-Hazard Model. The target mRNAs (validated) of MiR-379/656 were annotated via pathway enrichment analysis to understand the biological significance of the cluster in breast cancer. Results: The differential expression analysis for 1390 miRNAs (miRnome) revealed 310 upregulated (22.3%) and 176 downregulated (12.66%) miRNAs in breast cancer patients compared with controls. For MiR-379/656, 32 miRNAs (32/42; 76%) were downregulated. The MiR-379/656 cluster was found to be the most differentially expressed cluster in the human genome (p < 10−30). The Basal and Luminal B subtypes showed at least 83% (35/42) of the miRNAs to be downregulated. The binomial model prioritized 15 miRNAs, which distinguished breast cancer patients from controls with 99.15 ± 0.58% sensitivity and 77.78 ± 5.24% specificity. Overall, the Basal and Luminal B showed the most effective predictive power with respect to the 15 prioritized miRNAs at MiR-379/656 cluster. The decreased expression of MiR-379/656 was found to be associated with poorer clinical outcome in Basal and Luminal B subtypes, increasing tumor stage and tumor size/extent, and overall patient survival. Pathway enrichment for the validated targets of MiR-379/656 was significant for cancer-related pathways, especially DNA repair, transcriptional regulation by p53 and cell cycle checkpoints (adjusted p-value < 0.05). Conclusions: Genome informatics analysis of high throughput data for MiR-379/656 cluster has shown that a subset of 15 miRNAs from MiR-379/656 cluster can be used for the diagnostic and prognostic purpose of breast cancer and its subtypes—especially in Basal and Luminal B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Lal
- Genomics & Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi 110025, India; (M.L.); (A.H.A.); (A.A.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Asgar Hussain Ansari
- Genomics & Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi 110025, India; (M.L.); (A.H.A.); (A.A.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Anurag Agrawal
- Genomics & Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi 110025, India; (M.L.); (A.H.A.); (A.A.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Arijit Mukhopadhyay
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
- Biomedical Research Centre, Translational Medicine Unit, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-0161-295-8129
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13
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Ikeda S, Tagawa H. Impact of hypoxia on the pathogenesis and therapy resistance in multiple myeloma. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3995-4004. [PMID: 34310776 PMCID: PMC8486179 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a refractory plasma cell tumor. In myeloma cells, the transcription factor IRF4, the master regulator of plasma cells, is aberrantly upregulated and plays an essential role in oncogenesis. IRF4 forms a positive feedback loop with MYC, leading to additional tumorigenic properties. In recent years, molecular targeted therapies have contributed to a significant improvement in the prognosis of MM. Nevertheless, almost all patients experience disease progression, which is thought to be a result of treatment resistance induced by various elements of the bone marrow microenvironment. Among these, the hypoxic response, one of the key processes for cellular homeostasis, induces hypoxia‐adapted traits such as undifferentiation, altered metabolism, and dissemination, leading to drug resistance. These inductions are caused by ectopic gene expression changes mediated by the activation of hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs). By contrast, the expression levels of IRF4 and MYC are markedly reduced by hypoxic stress. Notably, an anti‐apoptotic capability is usually acquired under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, but the mechanism is distinct. This fact strongly suggests that myeloma cells may survive by switching their dependent regulatory factors from IRF4 and MYC (normoxic bone marrow region) to HIF (hypoxic bone marrow microenvironment). Therefore, to achieve deep remission, combination therapeutic agents, which are complementarily effective against both IRF4‐MYC‐dominant and HIF‐dominated fractions, may become an important therapeutic strategy for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Ikeda
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tagawa
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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14
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Govindaraj V, Kar S. Role of microRNAs in oncogenesis: Insights from computational and systems‐level modeling approaches. COMPUTATIONAL AND SYSTEMS ONCOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cso2.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandip Kar
- Department of Chemistry IIT Bombay Mumbai India
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15
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Azizi MIHN, Othman I, Naidu R. The Role of MicroRNAs in Lung Cancer Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071716. [PMID: 33916349 PMCID: PMC8038585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short-strand non-coding RNAs that are responsible for post-transcriptional regulation of many biological processes. Their differential expression is important in supporting tumorigenesis by causing dysregulation in normal biological functions including cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis and invasion and cellular metabolism. Cellular metabolic processes are a tightly regulated mechanism. However, cancer cells have adapted features to circumvent these regulations, recognizing metabolic reprogramming as an important hallmark of cancer. The miRNA expression profile may differ between localized lung cancers, advanced lung cancers and solid tumors, which lead to a varying extent of metabolic deregulation. Emerging evidence has shown the relationship between the differential expression of miRNAs with lung cancer metabolic reprogramming in perpetuating tumorigenesis. This review provides an insight into the role of different miRNAs in lung cancer metabolic reprogramming by targeting key enzymes, transporter proteins or regulatory components alongside metabolic signaling pathways. These discussions would allow a deeper understanding of the importance of miRNAs in tumor progression therefore providing new avenues for diagnostic, therapeutic and disease management applications.
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16
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Alshehri B. Plant-derived xenomiRs and cancer: Cross-kingdom gene regulation. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2408-2422. [PMID: 33911956 PMCID: PMC8071896 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) critically regulate several major intracellular and metabolic activities, including cancer evolution. Currently, increasing evidence indicates that exosome harbor and transport these miRNAs from donor cells to neighboring and distantly related recipient cells, often in a cross-species manner. Several studies have reported that plant-based miRNAs can be absorbed into the serum of humans, where they hinder the expression of human disease-related genes. Moreover, few recent studies have demonstrated the role of these xenomiRs in cancer development and progression. However, the cross-kingdom gene regulation hypothesis remains highly debatable, and many follow up studies fail to reproduce the same. There are reports that show no effect of plant-derived miRNAs on mammalian cancers. The foremost cause of this controversy remains the lack of reproducibility of the results. Here, we reassess the latest developments in the field of cross-kingdom transference of miRNAs, emphasizing on the role of the diet-based xenomiRs on cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader Alshehri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Budakoti M, Panwar AS, Molpa D, Singh RK, Büsselberg D, Mishra AP, Coutinho HDM, Nigam M. Micro-RNA: The darkhorse of cancer. Cell Signal 2021; 83:109995. [PMID: 33785398 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of micro RNAs (miRNA) in cancer has opened up new vistas for researchers in recent years. Micro RNAs area set of small, endogenous, highly conserved, non-coding RNAs that control the expression of about 30% genes at post-transcriptional levels. Typically, microRNAs impede the translation and stability of messenger RNAs (mRNA), control genes associated with cellular processes namely inflammation, cell cycle regulation, stress response, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration. Compelling findings revealed that miRNA mutations or disruption correspond to diverse human cancers and suggest that miRNAs can function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Here we summarize the literature on these master regulators in clinical settings from last three decades as both abrupt cancer therapeutics and as an approach to sensitize tumors to chemotherapy. This review highlights (I) the prevailing perception of miRNA genomics, biogenesis, as well as function; (II) the significant advancements in regulatory mechanisms in the expression of carcinogenic genes; and (III) explains, how miRNA is utilized as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for the disease stage indicating survival as well as therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridul Budakoti
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Abhay Shikhar Panwar
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Diksha Molpa
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rahul Kunwar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India.
| | | | - Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India.
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18
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Raue R, Frank AC, Syed SN, Brüne B. Therapeutic Targeting of MicroRNAs in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042210. [PMID: 33672261 PMCID: PMC7926641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor-microenvironment (TME) is an amalgamation of various factors derived from malignant cells and infiltrating host cells, including cells of the immune system. One of the important factors of the TME is microRNAs (miRs) that regulate target gene expression at a post transcriptional level. MiRs have been found to be dysregulated in tumor as well as in stromal cells and they emerged as important regulators of tumorigenesis. In fact, miRs regulate almost all hallmarks of cancer, thus making them attractive tools and targets for novel anti-tumoral treatment strategies. Tumor to stroma cell cross-propagation of miRs to regulate protumoral functions has been a salient feature of the TME. MiRs can either act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes (oncomiRs) and both miR mimics as well as miR inhibitors (antimiRs) have been used in preclinical trials to alter cancer and stromal cell phenotypes. Owing to their cascading ability to regulate upstream target genes and their chemical nature, which allows specific pharmacological targeting, miRs are attractive targets for anti-tumor therapy. In this review, we cover a recent update on our understanding of dysregulated miRs in the TME and provide an overview of how these miRs are involved in current cancer-therapeutic approaches from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Raue
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (R.R.); (A.-C.F.)
| | - Ann-Christin Frank
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (R.R.); (A.-C.F.)
| | - Shahzad Nawaz Syed
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (R.R.); (A.-C.F.)
- Correspondence: (S.N.S.); (B.B.); Tel.: +49-69-6301-7424 (B.B.)
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (R.R.); (A.-C.F.)
- Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.N.S.); (B.B.); Tel.: +49-69-6301-7424 (B.B.)
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19
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Jet T, Gines G, Rondelez Y, Taly V. Advances in multiplexed techniques for the detection and quantification of microRNAs. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4141-4161. [PMID: 33538706 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00609b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA detection is currently a crucial analytical chemistry challenge: almost 2000 papers were referenced in PubMed in 2018 and 2019 for the keywords "miRNA detection method". MicroRNAs are potential biomarkers for multiple diseases including cancers, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Since miRNAs are stably released in bodily fluids, they are of prime interest for the development of non-invasive diagnosis methods, such as liquid biopsies. Their detection is however challenging, as high levels of sensitivity, specificity and robustness are required. The analysis also needs to be quantitative, since the aim is to detect miRNA concentration changes. Moreover, a high multiplexing capability is also of crucial importance, since the clinical potential of miRNAs probably lays in our ability to perform parallel mapping of multiple miRNA concentrations and recognize typical disease signature from this profile. A plethora of biochemical innovative detection methods have been reported recently and some of them provide new solutions to the problem of sensitive multiplex detection. In this review, we propose to analyze in particular the new developments in multiplexed approaches to miRNA detection. The main aspects of these methods (including sensitivity and specificity) will be analyzed, with a particular focus on the demonstrated multiplexing capability and potential of each of these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS SNC5096, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, F-75006 Paris, France.
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20
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Romdhane L, Mezzi N, Dallali H, Messaoud O, Shan J, Fakhro KA, Kefi R, Chouchane L, Abdelhak S. A map of copy number variations in the Tunisian population: a valuable tool for medical genomics in North Africa. NPJ Genom Med 2021; 6:3. [PMID: 33420067 PMCID: PMC7794582 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-020-00166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number variation (CNV) is considered as the most frequent type of structural variation in the human genome. Some CNVs can act on human phenotype diversity, encompassing rare Mendelian diseases and genomic disorders. The North African populations remain underrepresented in public genetic databases in terms of single-nucleotide variants as well as for larger genomic mutations. In this study, we present the first CNV map for a North African population using the Affymetrix Genome-Wide SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) array 6.0 array genotyping intensity data to call CNVs in 102 Tunisian healthy individuals. Two softwares, PennCNV and Birdsuite, were used to call CNVs in order to provide reliable data. Subsequent bioinformatic analyses were performed to explore their features and patterns. The CNV map of the Tunisian population includes 1083 CNVs spanning 61.443 Mb of the genome. The CNV length ranged from 1.017 kb to 2.074 Mb with an average of 56.734 kb. Deletions represent 57.43% of the identified CNVs, while duplications and the mixed loci are less represented. One hundred and three genes disrupted by CNVs are reported to cause 155 Mendelian diseases/phenotypes. Drug response genes were also reported to be affected by CNVs. Data on genes overlapped by deletions and duplications segments and the sequence properties in and around them also provided insights into the functional and health impacts of CNVs. These findings represent valuable clues to genetic diversity and personalized medicine in the Tunisian population as well as in the ethnically similar populations from North Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Romdhane
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, Jarzouna, Tunisia.
| | - Nessrine Mezzi
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamza Dallali
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Messaoud
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jingxuan Shan
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Genetic Intelligence Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid A Fakhro
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rym Kefi
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Chouchane
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Genetic Intelligence Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sonia Abdelhak
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
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21
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Meyer A, Herkt S, Kunze-Schumacher H, Kohrs N, Ringleb J, Schneider L, Kuvardina ON, Oellerich T, Häupl B, Krueger A, Seifried E, Bonig H, Lausen J. The transcription factor TAL1 and miR-17-92 create a regulatory loop in hematopoiesis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21438. [PMID: 33293632 PMCID: PMC7722897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A network of gene regulatory factors such as transcription factors and microRNAs establish and maintain gene expression patterns during hematopoiesis. In this network, transcription factors regulate each other and are involved in regulatory loops with microRNAs. The microRNA cluster miR-17-92 is located within the MIR17HG gene and encodes six mature microRNAs. It is important for hematopoietic differentiation and plays a central role in malignant disease. However, the transcription factors downstream of miR-17-92 are largely elusive and the transcriptional regulation of miR-17-92 is not fully understood. Here we show that miR-17-92 forms a regulatory loop with the transcription factor TAL1. The miR-17-92 cluster inhibits expression of TAL1 and indirectly leads to decreased stability of the TAL1 transcriptional complex. We found that TAL1 and its heterodimerization partner E47 regulate miR-17-92 transcriptionally. Furthermore, miR-17-92 negatively influences erythroid differentiation, a process that depends on gene activation by the TAL1 complex. Our data give example of how transcription factor activity is fine-tuned during normal hematopoiesis. We postulate that disturbance of the regulatory loop between TAL1 and the miR-17-92 cluster could be an important step in cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekarin Meyer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, and German Red Cross Blood Service BaWüHe, Goethe University, Sandhofstraße 1, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefanie Herkt
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, and German Red Cross Blood Service BaWüHe, Goethe University, Sandhofstraße 1, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Heike Kunze-Schumacher
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nicole Kohrs
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 42-44, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julia Ringleb
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 42-44, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lucas Schneider
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, and German Red Cross Blood Service BaWüHe, Goethe University, Sandhofstraße 1, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Olga N Kuvardina
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, and German Red Cross Blood Service BaWüHe, Goethe University, Sandhofstraße 1, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Oellerich
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Björn Häupl
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Krueger
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Erhard Seifried
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, and German Red Cross Blood Service BaWüHe, Goethe University, Sandhofstraße 1, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Halvard Bonig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, and German Red Cross Blood Service BaWüHe, Goethe University, Sandhofstraße 1, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Joern Lausen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, and German Red Cross Blood Service BaWüHe, Goethe University, Sandhofstraße 1, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany. .,Department of Eukaryotic Genetics, Institute of Industrial Genetics, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
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22
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Shah V, Shah J. Recent trends in targeting miRNAs for cancer therapy. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1732-1749. [PMID: 32783235 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of small noncoding RNA employed by the cells for gene regulation. A single miRNA, typically 22 nucleotides in length, can regulate the expression of numerous genes. Over the past decade, the study of miRNA biology in the context of cancer has led to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities. KEY FINDINGS MicroRNA dysregulation is commonly associated with cancer, in part because miRNAs are actively involved in the mechanisms like genomic instabilities, aberrant transcriptional control, altered epigenetic regulation and biogenesis machinery defects. MicroRNAs can regulate oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes and thus when altered can lead to tumorigenesis. Expression profiling of miRNAs has boosted the possibilities of application of miRNAs as potential cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets, although the feasibility of these approaches will require further validation. SUMMARY In this review, we will focus on how miRNAs regulate tumour development and the potential applications of targeting miRNAs for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandit Shah
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Jigna Shah
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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23
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Zaheer U, Faheem M, Qadri I, Begum N, Yassine HM, Al Thani AA, Mathew S. Expression profile of MicroRNA: An Emerging Hallmark of Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:642-653. [PMID: 30914015 DOI: 10.2174/1386207322666190325122821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNAs), a class of small, endogenous non-coding RNA molecules of about 21-24 nucleotides in length, have unraveled a new modulatory network of RNAs that form an additional level of posttranscriptional gene regulation by targeting messenger RNAs (mRNAs). These miRNAs possess the ability to regulate gene expression by modulating the stability of mRNAs, controlling their translation rates, and consequently regulating protein synthesis. Substantial experimental evidence established the involvement of miRNAs in most biological processes like growth, differentiation, development, and metabolism in mammals including humans. An aberrant expression of miRNAs has been implicated in several pathologies, including cancer. The association of miRNAs with tumor growth, development, and metastasis depicts their potential as effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Furthermore, exploitation of the role of different miRNAs as oncogenes or tumor suppressors has aided in designing several miRNA-based therapeutic approaches for treating cancer patients whose clinical trials are underway. In this review, we aim to summarize the biogenesis of miRNAs and the dysregulations in these pathways that result in various pathologies and in some cases, resistance to drug treatment. We provide a detailed review of the miRNA expression signatures in different cancers along with their diagnostic and prognostic utility. Furthermore, we elaborate on the potential employment of miRNAs to enhance cancer cell apoptosis, regress tumor progression and even overcome miRNA-induced drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Zaheer
- Postgraduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College, Kolkata, India
| | - Muhammed Faheem
- Department of Biology, King Abdul Aziz University, 80216 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishtiaq Qadri
- Department of Biology, King Abdul Aziz University, 80216 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nargis Begum
- Postgraduate Department of Biotechnology, Jamal Mohamed College, Trichy, India
| | - Hadi M Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asmaa A Al Thani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shilu Mathew
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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24
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Chen X, Xie D, Zhao Q, You ZH. MicroRNAs and complex diseases: from experimental results to computational models. Brief Bioinform 2019; 20:515-539. [PMID: 29045685 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbx130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plenty of microRNAs (miRNAs) were discovered at a rapid pace in plants, green algae, viruses and animals. As one of the most important components in the cell, miRNAs play a growing important role in various essential and important biological processes. For the recent few decades, amounts of experimental methods and computational models have been designed and implemented to identify novel miRNA-disease associations. In this review, the functions of miRNAs, miRNA-target interactions, miRNA-disease associations and some important publicly available miRNA-related databases were discussed in detail. Specially, considering the important fact that an increasing number of miRNA-disease associations have been experimentally confirmed, we selected five important miRNA-related human diseases and five crucial disease-related miRNAs and provided corresponding introductions. Identifying disease-related miRNAs has become an important goal of biomedical research, which will accelerate the understanding of disease pathogenesis at the molecular level and molecular tools design for disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Computational models have become an important means for novel miRNA-disease association identification, which could select the most promising miRNA-disease pairs for experimental validation and significantly reduce the time and cost of the biological experiments. Here, we reviewed 20 state-of-the-art computational models of predicting miRNA-disease associations from different perspectives. Finally, we summarized four important factors for the difficulties of predicting potential disease-related miRNAs, the framework of constructing powerful computational models to predict potential miRNA-disease associations including five feasible and important research schemas, and future directions for further development of computational models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Di Xie
- School of Mathematics, Liaoning University
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Mathematics, Liaoning University
| | - Zhu-Hong You
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science
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25
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Moyal L, Gorovitz‐Haris B, Yehezkel S, Jacob‐Hirsch J, Bershtein V, Barzilai A, Rotem C, Sherman S, Amitay‐Laish I, Feinmesser M, Hodak E. Unilesional mycosis fungoides is associated with increased expression of micro
RNA
‐17~92 and T helper 1 skewing. Br J Dermatol 2019; 180:1123-1134. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Moyal
- Laboratory for Molecular Dermatology Felsenstein Medical Research Center Petach Tikva Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Dermatology and Rabin Medical Center – Beilinson Hospital Petach TikvaIsrael
| | - B. Gorovitz‐Haris
- Laboratory for Molecular Dermatology Felsenstein Medical Research Center Petach Tikva Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Dermatology and Rabin Medical Center – Beilinson Hospital Petach TikvaIsrael
| | - S. Yehezkel
- Laboratory for Molecular Dermatology Felsenstein Medical Research Center Petach Tikva Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Dermatology and Rabin Medical Center – Beilinson Hospital Petach TikvaIsrael
| | - J. Jacob‐Hirsch
- Cancer Research Center Sheba Medical Center Tel HashomerIsrael
| | - V. Bershtein
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Dermatology and Rabin Medical Center – Beilinson Hospital Petach TikvaIsrael
| | - A. Barzilai
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Dermatology Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer Israel
| | - C. Rotem
- Laboratory for Molecular Dermatology Felsenstein Medical Research Center Petach Tikva Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Dermatology and Rabin Medical Center – Beilinson Hospital Petach TikvaIsrael
| | - S. Sherman
- Laboratory for Molecular Dermatology Felsenstein Medical Research Center Petach Tikva Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Dermatology and Rabin Medical Center – Beilinson Hospital Petach TikvaIsrael
| | - I. Amitay‐Laish
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Dermatology and Rabin Medical Center – Beilinson Hospital Petach TikvaIsrael
| | - M. Feinmesser
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- Institute of Pathology Rabin Medical Center – Beilinson Hospital Petach Tikva Israel
| | - E. Hodak
- Laboratory for Molecular Dermatology Felsenstein Medical Research Center Petach Tikva Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Dermatology and Rabin Medical Center – Beilinson Hospital Petach TikvaIsrael
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26
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Dragomir M, Mafra ACP, Dias SMG, Vasilescu C, Calin GA. Using microRNA Networks to Understand Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071871. [PMID: 29949872 PMCID: PMC6073868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cancers are characterized by deregulated expression of multiple microRNAs (miRNAs), involved in essential pathways that confer the malignant cells their tumorigenic potential. Each miRNA can regulate hundreds of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), while various miRNAs can control the same mRNA. Additionally, many miRNAs regulate and are regulated by other species of non-coding RNAs, such as circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). For this reason, it is extremely difficult to predict, study, and analyze the precise role of a single miRNA involved in human cancer, considering the complexity of its connections. Focusing on a single miRNA molecule represents a limited approach. Additional information could come from network analysis, which has become a common tool in the biological field to better understand molecular interactions. In this review, we focus on the main types of networks (monopartite, association networks and bipartite) used for analyzing biological data related to miRNA function. We briefly present the important steps to take when generating networks, illustrating the theory with published examples and with future perspectives of how this approach can help to better select miRNAs that can be therapeutically targeted in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihnea Dragomir
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 1950, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Fundeni Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Sos. Fundeni nr. 258, Sector 2, 022328 Bucharest, Romania.
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Str. Gh. Marinescu 23, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ana Carolina P Mafra
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 1950, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Rua Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro 10000, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil.
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, P.O. Box 6109, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Sandra M G Dias
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Rua Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro 10000, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil.
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, P.O. Box 6109, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Catalin Vasilescu
- Department of Surgery, Fundeni Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Sos. Fundeni nr. 258, Sector 2, 022328 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 1950, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Center for RNA Inference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 1950, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Ding J, Sha L, Shen P, Huang M, Cai Q, Li J. MicroRNA-18a inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in osteosarcoma by targeting MED27. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:329-338. [PMID: 29693135 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common malignant primary bone tumor and patients with OS are known to have a poor response to chemotherapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are small non-coding RNA molecules (approximately 22 nucleotides in length) and they have recently become a topic for research as regards their role in cancer therapeutics. Previous studies have reported miR‑18a expression in patients with OS is significantly decreased compared with that in normal adjacent tissue. miR‑18a belongs to the miR‑17‑92 cluster encoded by the host gene MIR17HG. However, the detailed role of miR‑18a in OS remains to be determined. In this study, we demonstrated that miR‑18a mimics inhibited MG63 and Saos‑2 cell viability and migration. In addition, flow cytometry assay revealed that miR‑18a induced OS cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis indicated that the expression levels of Bcl‑2 and p‑Akt were downregulated, while the levels of cleaved caspase‑3 and Bax proteins were upregulated by miR‑18a. Moreover, we demonstrated that mediator complex subunit 27 (MED27) was the target of miR‑18a through dual luciferase assay. Finally, data from in vivo experiments indicated that tumor growth in mice was significantly suppressed by miR‑18a mimics, accompanied by a decrease in the percentage of Ki67-positive cells, and by the downregulation in MED27 and p‑Akt protein expression levels. The findings of the present study may aid in the clarification of the function of miR‑18a, particularly as regards its role in the regulation of OS cell apoptosis, and indicate that MED27 may be a potential novel therapeutic target in the treatment of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ding
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Lin Sha
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Pinquan Shen
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Man Huang
- Department of Good Clinical Practice, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tong Ji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Qixun Cai
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jiyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tong Ji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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MicroRNA-17-92 is required for T-cell and B-cell pathogenicity in chronic graft-versus-host disease in mice. Blood 2018. [PMID: 29530952 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-06-789321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is characterized as autoimmune-like fibrosis and antibody production mediated by pathogenic T cells and B cells. MicroRNA-17-92 (miR-17-92) influences the survival, differentiation, and function of lymphocytes in cancer, infections, and autoimmunity. To determine whether miR-17-92 regulates T- and B-cell responses in cGVHD, we generated mice conditionally deficient for miR-17-92 in T cells, B cells, or both. Using murine models of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, we demonstrate that expression of miR-17-92 in donor T and B cells is essential for the induction of both scleroderma and bronchiolitis obliterans in cGVHD. Mechanistically, miR-17-92 expressed in T cells not only enhances the differentiation of pathogenic T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells, but also promotes the generation of follicular Th cells, germinal center (GC) B cells, and plasma cells. In B cells, miR-17-92 expression is required for autoantibody production and immunoglobulin G deposition in the skin. Furthermore, we evaluated a translational approach using antagomirs specific for either miR-17 or miR-19, key members in miR-17-92 cluster. In a lupus-like cGVHD model, systemic administration of anti-miR-17, but not anti-miR-19, alleviates clinical manifestations and proteinuria incidence in recipients through inhibiting donor lymphocyte expansion, B-cell activation, and GC responses. Blockade of miR-17 also ameliorates skin damage by reducing Th17 differentiation in a scleroderma-cGVHD model. Taken together, our work reveals that miR-17-92 is required for T-cell and B-cell differentiation and function, and thus for the development of cGVHD. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of miR-17 represents a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention of cGVHD.
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29
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MicroRNA-10b and the clinical outcomes of various cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 474:14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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30
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Yang HY, Barbi J, Wu CY, Zheng Y, Vignali PDA, Wu X, Tao JH, Park BV, Bandara S, Novack L, Ni X, Yang X, Chang KY, Wu RC, Zhang J, Yang CW, Pardoll DM, Li H, Pan F. MicroRNA-17 Modulates Regulatory T Cell Function by Targeting Co-regulators of the Foxp3 Transcription Factor. Immunity 2017; 45:83-93. [PMID: 27438767 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are important in maintaining self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. The Treg cell transcription factor Foxp3 works in concert with other co-regulatory molecules, including Eos, to determine the transcriptional signature and characteristic suppressive phenotype of Treg cells. Here, we report that the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) actively repressed Eos expression through microRNA-17 (miR-17). miR-17 expression increased in Treg cells in the presence of IL-6, and its expression negatively correlated with that of Eos. Treg cell suppressive activity was diminished upon overexpression of miR-17 in vitro and in vivo, which was mitigated upon co-expression of an Eos mutant lacking miR-17 target sites. Also, RNAi of miR-17 resulted in enhanced suppressive activity. Ectopic expression of miR-17 imparted effector-T-cell-like characteristics to Treg cells via the de-repression of genes encoding effector cytokines. Thus, miR-17 provides a potent layer of Treg cell control through targeting Eos and additional Foxp3 co-regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Yu Yang
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Joseph Barbi
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Chao-Yi Wu
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ying Zheng
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Department of Otolaryngology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Paolo D A Vignali
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Xingmei Wu
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Department of Otolaryngology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jin-Hui Tao
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Benjamin V Park
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Shashika Bandara
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Lewis Novack
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Xuhao Ni
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Kwang-Yu Chang
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; National Institute of Cancer Research, NIH, Tainan 70456, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Chin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Junran Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Yang
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Drew M Pardoll
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Huabin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Department of Otolaryngology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Fan Pan
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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孙 瑞, 龚 建, 邹 海, 张 林, 高 林. miR-17-92基因簇在肿瘤发生发展中作用的研究进展. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:1840-1853. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i20.1840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
肿瘤是威胁全世界人类健康和影响社会经济的重要因素. 近年来, 随着经济的发展, 肿瘤的发病率呈明显上升趋势, 但是其病因尚未完全阐明. 越来越多的证据显示肿瘤的发生和遗传因素有关, 随着病理生理学和遗传学的发展, 许多学者认为生物标志物可以预测癌症甚至指导临床治疗. 微小RNA(microRNA, miRNA)是非编码小分子RNA, 在发育、生理、病理过程以及肿瘤发生等环节中起着重要的调节作用. miR-17-92基因簇是研究较为深入、最有特点的miRNA, 被认为是原癌基因miRNA的代表, 在多种肿瘤的发生发展中起着至关重要的作用. 本文就miR-17-92基因簇在肿瘤发生发展中的作用及功能进行综述.
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32
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Zheng B, Jeong S, Zhu Y, Chen L, Xia Q. miRNA and lncRNA as biomarkers in cholangiocarcinoma(CCA). Oncotarget 2017; 8:100819-100830. [PMID: 29246025 PMCID: PMC5725067 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The microRNAs are a group of 20 nucleotides-long non-coding RNAs. By binding to the 3'UTR region of target mRNA, microRNAs can perform extensive actions mediating gene expression at post-trancriptional stages. It makes microRNAs serve as very crucial regulators in various biological progress including carcinogenesis. Long non-coding RNAs, however, are a subgroup of RNA with the length of 200 nucleotides. Unlike microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs can form secondary of tertiary domain based on their length. With the ability of directly interacting with DNA, RNA, protein, long non-coding RNAs have promoting or inhibitive functions in gene expression regulation. Furthermore, the abnormal expression of certain long non-coding RNAs has roused people's interest in the role of long non-coding RNAs in tumorigenesis. Although the connection between microRNA/long non-coding RNA and CCA has been a hot field to researchers, the link between molecular mechanism and clinical outcome has been barely built. This review takes a retrospect at the latest researches on the link between microRNA/long non-coding RNA and cholangiocarcinoma and the potential of microRNA/long non-coding RNA serving as distinctive biomarkers for CCA in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zheng
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Seogsong Jeong
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yanjing Zhu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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33
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Babapoor S, Wu R, Kozubek J, Auidi D, Grant-Kels JM, Dadras SS. Identification of microRNAs associated with invasive and aggressive phenotype in cutaneous melanoma by next-generation sequencing. J Transl Med 2017; 97:636-648. [PMID: 28218741 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive repertoire of human microRNAs (miRNAs) that could be involved in early melanoma invasion into the dermis remains unknown. To this end, we sequenced small RNAs (18-30 nucleotides) isolated from an annotated series of invasive melanomas (average invasive depth, 2.0 mm), common melanocytic nevi, and matched normal skin (n=28). Our previously established bioinformatics pipeline identified 765 distinct mature known miRNAs and defined a set of top 40 list that clearly segregated melanomas into thin (0.75 mm) and thick (2.7 mm) groups. Among the top, miR-21-5p, let-7b-5p, let-7a-5p, miR-424-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-21-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-182-5p, and miR-205-5p were differentially expressed between thin and thick melanomas. In a validation cohort (n=167), measured expression of miR-21-5p and miR-424-5p, not previously reported in melanoma, were significantly increased in invasive compared with in situ melanomas (P<0.0001). Increased miR-21-5p levels were significantly associated with invasive depth (P=0.038), tumor mitotic index (P=0.038), lymphovascular invasion (P=0.0036), and AJCC stage (P=0.038). In contrast, let-7b levels were significantly decreased in invasive and in situ melanomas compared with common and dysplastic nevi (P<0.0001). Decreased let-7b levels were significantly associated with invasive depth (P=0.011), Clark's level (P=0.013), ulceration (P=0.0043), and AJCC stage (P=0.011). These results define a distinct set of miRNAs associated with invasive and aggressive melanoma phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankhiros Babapoor
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Rong Wu
- CICATS Biostatics Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - James Kozubek
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Donna Auidi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Soheil S Dadras
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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34
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Paul P, Chakraborty A, Sarkar D, Langthasa M, Rahman M, Bari M, Singha RS, Malakar AK, Chakraborty S. Interplay between miRNAs and human diseases. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2007-2018. [PMID: 28181241 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding RNAs, which have evoked a great deal of interest due to their importance in many aspects of homeostasis and diseases. MicroRNAs are stable and are essential components of gene regulatory networks. They play a crucial role in healthy individuals and their dysregulations have also been implicated in a wide range of diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and cancer. This review summarized the current understanding of interactions between miRNAs and different diseases and their role in disease diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosenjit Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | | | - Debasree Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | | | - Musfhia Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Minakshi Bari
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Po Lin
- Division of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94705
| | - Lin He
- Division of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94705
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Ortiz-Quintero B. Cell-free microRNAs in blood and other body fluids, as cancer biomarkers. Cell Prolif 2017; 49:281-303. [PMID: 27218664 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of cell-free microRNAs (miRNAs) in serum, plasma and other body fluids has yielded an invaluable potential source of non-invasive biomarkers for cancer and other non-malignant diseases. miRNAs in the blood and other body fluids are highly stable in biological samples and are resistant to environmental conditions, such as freezing, thawing or enzymatic degradation, which makes them convenient as potential biomarkers. In addition, they are more easily sampled than tissue miRNAs. Altered levels of cell-free miRNAs have been found in every type of cancer analysed, and increasing evidence indicates that they may participate in carcinogenesis by acting as cell-to-cell signalling molecules. This review summarizes the biological characteristics and mechanisms of release of cell-free miRNAs that make them promising candidates as non-invasive biomarkers of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Ortiz-Quintero
- Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosio Villegas, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
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37
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Cruz LO, Hashemifar SS, Wu CJ, Cho S, Nguyen DT, Lin LL, Khan AA, Lu LF. Excessive expression of miR-27 impairs Treg-mediated immunological tolerance. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:530-542. [PMID: 28067667 DOI: 10.1172/jci88415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are tightly regulated in the immune system, and aberrant expression of miRs often results in hematopoietic malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Previously, it was suggested that elevated levels of miR-27 in T cells isolated from patients with multiple sclerosis facilitate disease progression by inhibiting Th2 immunity and promoting pathogenic Th1 responses. Here we have demonstrated that, although mice with T cell-specific overexpression of miR-27 harbor dysregulated Th1 responses and develop autoimmune pathology, these disease phenotypes are not driven by miR-27 in effector T cells in a cell-autonomous manner. Rather, dysregulation of Th1 responses and autoimmunity resulted from a perturbed Treg compartment. Excessive miR-27 expression in murine T cells severely impaired Treg differentiation. Moreover, Tregs with exaggerated miR-27-mediated gene regulation exhibited diminished homeostasis and suppressor function in vivo. Mechanistically, we determined that miR-27 represses several known as well as previously uncharacterized targets that play critical roles in controlling multiple aspects of Treg biology. Collectively, our data show that miR-27 functions as a key regulator in Treg development and function and suggest that proper regulation of miR-27 is pivotal to safeguarding Treg-mediated immunological tolerance.
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38
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Abstract
The immune system protects us from enormously diverse microbial pathogens but needs to be tightly regulated to avoid deleterious immune-mediated inflammation and tissue damage. A wide range of molecular determinants and cellular components work in concert to control the magnitude and duration of a given immune response. In the past decade, microRNAs (miRNAs), a major class of small non-coding RNA species, have been extensively studied as key molecular players in immune regulation. In this chapter, we will discuss how miRNAs function as negative regulators to restrict innate and adaptive immune responses. Moreover, we will review the current reports regarding miRNAs in human immunological diseases. Finally, we will also address the emerging roles of other non-coding RNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in particular, in the regulation of the immune system.
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39
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Interactions between the HIV-1 Unspliced mRNA and Host mRNA Decay Machineries. Viruses 2016; 8:v8110320. [PMID: 27886048 PMCID: PMC5127034 DOI: 10.3390/v8110320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) unspliced transcript is used both as mRNA for the synthesis of structural proteins and as the packaged genome. Given the presence of retained introns and instability AU-rich sequences, this viral transcript is normally retained and degraded in the nucleus of host cells unless the viral protein REV is present. As such, the stability of the HIV-1 unspliced mRNA must be particularly controlled in the nucleus and the cytoplasm in order to ensure proper levels of this viral mRNA for translation and viral particle formation. During its journey, the HIV-1 unspliced mRNA assembles into highly specific messenger ribonucleoproteins (mRNPs) containing many different host proteins, amongst which are well-known regulators of cytoplasmic mRNA decay pathways such as up-frameshift suppressor 1 homolog (UPF1), Staufen double-stranded RNA binding protein 1/2 (STAU1/2), or components of miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC) and processing bodies (PBs). More recently, the HIV-1 unspliced mRNA was shown to contain N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A), allowing the recruitment of YTH N⁶-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 2 (YTHDF2), an m⁶A reader host protein involved in mRNA decay. Interestingly, these host proteins involved in mRNA decay were shown to play positive roles in viral gene expression and viral particle assembly, suggesting that HIV-1 interacts with mRNA decay components to successfully accomplish viral replication. This review summarizes the state of the art in terms of the interactions between HIV-1 unspliced mRNA and components of different host mRNA decay machineries.
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40
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Dal Bo M, Bomben R, Hernández L, Gattei V. The MYC/miR-17-92 axis in lymphoproliferative disorders: A common pathway with therapeutic potential. Oncotarget 2016; 6:19381-92. [PMID: 26305986 PMCID: PMC4637292 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of small non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules acting as master regulators of gene expression post transcriptionally by inhibiting the translation or inducing the degradation of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). In particular, the miR-17-92 cluster is widely expressed in many different cell types and is essential for many developmental and pathogenic processes. As a strong oncogene, miR-17-92 can regulate multiple cellular processes that favor malignant transformation, promoting cell survival, rapid cell proliferation, and increased angiogenesis. The miR-17-92 cluster has been reported to be involved in hematopoietic malignancies including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Given the multiple and potent effects on cellular proliferation and apoptosis exerted by the miR-17-92 cluster, miRNAs belonging to the cluster surely represent attractive targets for cancer therapy also in the context of lymphoproliferative disorders. In the present review, we focus on the role of the miR-17-92 cluster in lymphoproliferative disorders, including diagnostic/prognostic implications, and on the potential applications of anti-miRNAs based therapies targeting miRNAs belonging to the cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Dal Bo
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, I.R.C.C.S., Aviano PN, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bomben
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, I.R.C.C.S., Aviano PN, Italy
| | - Luis Hernández
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valter Gattei
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, I.R.C.C.S., Aviano PN, Italy
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41
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Chen XF, Liu Y. MicroRNA-744 inhibited cervical cancer growth and progression through apoptosis induction by regulating Bcl-2. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 81:379-387. [PMID: 27261616 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that microRNA plays an essential role in the development and metastasis of many tumor progressions, including cervical cancer. Aberrant miR-744 expression has been indicated in many growth of tumor, the mechanism of miR-744 inhibits both the proliferation and metastatic ability for cervical cancer remains unclear. Accumulating evidences reported that Bcl-2 signal pathway plays an important role in the cellular process, such as apoptosis, cell growth and proliferation. The goal of this study was to identify miR-744 that could inhibit the growth, migration, invasion, proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer through targeting Bcl-2 expression. Real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to quantify miR-744 expression in vitro and vivo experiments. The biological functions of miR-744 were determined via cell proliferation. Our study indicated that miR-744 targeted on Bcl-2, which leads to the inactivation of apoptosis signaling and the cell proliferation of cervical cancer cells, ameliorating cervical cancer growth and progression. In addition, both up-regulation of miR-744 and down-regulation of Bcl-2 could stimulate Caspase-3 expression, promoting apoptosis of cervical cancer cells. Therefore, our research revealed the mechanistic links between miR-744 and Bcl-2 in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer through modulation of Caspase-3, leading to the inhibition of cervical cancer cell growth. And targeting miR-744 could be served as a novel strategy for future cervical cancer therapy clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei, 441021, China.
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42
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Zheng L, Tu Q, Meng S, Zhang L, Yu L, Song J, Hu Y, Sui L, Zhang J, Dard M, Cheng J, Murray D, Tang Y, Lian JB, Stein GS, Chen J. Runx2/DICER/miRNA Pathway in Regulating Osteogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:182-91. [PMID: 27064596 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DICER is the central enzyme that cleaves precursor microRNAs (miRNAs) into 21-25 nucleotide duplex in cell lineage differentiation, identity, and survival. In the current study, we characterized the specific bone metabolism genes and corresponding miRNAs and found that DICER and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) expressions increased simultaneously during osteogenic differentiation. Luciferase assay showed that Runx2 significantly increased the expression levels of DICER luciferase promoter reporter. Our analysis also revealed weaker DICER expression in embryos of Runx2 knock out mice (Runx2 -/-) compared with that of Runx2 +/- and Runx2 +/+ mice. We further established the calvarial bone critical-size defect (CSD) mouse model. The bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) transfected with siRNA targeting DICER were combined with silk scaffolds and transplanted into calvarial bone CSDs. Five weeks post-surgery, micro-CT analysis revealed impaired bone formation, and repairing in calvarial defects with the siRNA targeting DICER group. In conclusion, our results suggest that DICER is specifically regulated by osteogenic master gene Runx2 that binds to the DICER promoter. Consequently, DICER cleaves precursors of miR-335-5p and miR-17-92 cluster to form mature miRNAs, which target and decrease the Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), and proapoptotic factor BIM levels, respectively, leading to an enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These intriguing results reveal a central mechanism underlying lineage-specific regulation by a Runx2/DICER/miRNAs cascade during osteogenic differentiation and bone development. Our study, also suggests a potential application of modulating DICER expression for bone tissue repair and regeneration. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 182-191, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zheng
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qisheng Tu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Shu Meng
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lan Zhang
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Liming Yu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Hu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Sui
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jin Zhang
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Michel Dard
- Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | - Jessica Cheng
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dana Murray
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yin Tang
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jake Chen
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
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43
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Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding regulatory RNAs usually consisting of 20-24 nucleotides. During the past decade, increases and decreases in miRNA expression have been shown to associate with various types of diseases, including cancer. Over 4500 miRNAs have been identified in humans, and it is known that nearly all human protein-encoding genes can be controlled by miRNAs in both healthy and malignant cells. Detailed genome-wide miRNA expression analysis has been performed in various malignant lymphoma subtypes, and these analyses have led to the discovery of subtype-specific miRNA alterations. In this chapter, I describe several key miRNAs and their targets in distinct malignant lymphoma subsets and their roles in their pathogenesis, studies of which will lead new therapeutic strategies against aggressive lymphomas.
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44
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Robaina MC, Faccion RS, Mazzoccoli L, Rezende LMM, Queiroga E, Bacchi CE, Thomas-Tikhonenko A, Klumb CE. miR-17-92 cluster components analysis in Burkitt lymphoma: overexpression of miR-17 is associated with poor prognosis. Ann Hematol 2016; 95:881-91. [PMID: 27044389 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-016-2653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B cell lymphoma characterized by the reciprocal translocation of the c-Myc gene with immunoglobulin genes. Recently, MYC has been shown to maintain the neoplastic state via the miR-17-92 microRNA cluster that suppresses chromatin regulatory genes and the apoptosis regulator Bim. However, the expression and prognostic impact of miR-17-92 members in pediatric BL (pBL) are unknown. Therefore, we investigated miR-17, miR-19a, miR-19b, miR-20, and miR-92a expression and prognostic impact in a series of 41 pBL samples. In addition, Bim protein expression was evaluated and compared to miR-17, miR-19a, miR-19b, miR-20, and miR-92a levels and patient outcomes. The expression of miR-17-92 members was evaluated by qPCR and Bim protein by immunohistochemistry. Log-rank test was employed to assess prognostic impact. We found that upregulated expression of miR-17 and miR-20a correlates with lack of pro-apoptotic Bim expression. Patients bearing tumors with upregulated miR-17 displayed decreased overall survival (OS), and multivariate analysis revealed that miR-17 was a significant predictor of shortened OS. Using hairpin inhibitors, we showed that inhibition of miR-17 resulted in enhanced Bim expression in a BL cell line overexpressing the miR-17-92 cluster. Our results describe for the first time miR-17, miR-19a, miR-19b, miR-20a, and miR-92a expression profiles in pBL. The prognostic impact of miR-17 should be validated in a larger series, and may provide new therapeutic avenues in the era of anti-miRNA therapy research. Additional functional studies are further required to understand the specific role of miR-17-92 cluster members in BL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Cristina Robaina
- Programa de Pesquisa em Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roberta Soares Faccion
- Programa de Pesquisa em Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciano Mazzoccoli
- Programa de Pesquisa em Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Andrei Thomas-Tikhonenko
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudete Esteves Klumb
- Programa de Pesquisa em Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23, 6th floor, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 20230-130, Brazil.
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45
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Feng S, Zhu X, Fan B, Xie D, Li T, Zhang X. miR‑19a‑3p targets PMEPA1 and induces prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4030-8. [PMID: 27035427 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignant tumors in men. Studies have observed that microRNA (miR)‑19a‑3p expression levels are downregulated in several types of cancer, and yet the biological function and its underlying mechanisms in the pathogenesis of PCa remain unclear. In the current study, the expression pattern of miR‑19a‑3p in PCa tissues and cell lines was detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The proliferative, migratory and invasive capacity of PCa cells were determined using EdU and Transwell assays following transfection with miR‑19a‑3p mimics. Additionally, the current study investigated the biological impact and regulation of prostate transmembrane protein androgen induced 1 (PMEPA1) in PCa cells by transfection with PMEPA1 small interfering (si)RNA. It was observed that miR‑19a‑3p was upregulated in PCa tissue samples and cell lines in vitro. Functional analysis also confirmed that miR‑19a‑3p overexpression promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of PCa cells. Furthermore, PMEPA1 was identified as a direct target of miR‑19a‑3p, and siRNA knockdown of PMEPA1 resulted in increased proliferation, migration and invasion of PCa cells, which partially accounts for the effect of miR‑19a‑3p in tumor metastasis. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggest that the upregulation of miR‑19a‑3p expression levels contributes to tumor progression and that one of its underlying mechanisms involves inhibition of PMEPA1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Feng
- Institute of Uro‑Nephrology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xuhui Zhu
- Institute of Uro‑Nephrology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Bohan Fan
- Institute of Uro‑Nephrology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Xie
- Institute of Uro‑Nephrology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Uro‑Nephrology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Institute of Uro‑Nephrology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
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46
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Transcription factor C/EBP-β induces tumor-suppressor phosphatase PHLPP2 through repression of the miR-17-92 cluster in differentiating AML cells. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1232-42. [PMID: 26868909 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PHLPP2, a member of the PH-domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase (PHLPP) family, which targets oncogenic kinases, has been actively investigated as a tumor suppressor in solid tumors. Little is known, however, regarding its regulation in hematological malignancies. We observed that PHLPP2 protein expression, but not its mRNA, was suppressed in late differentiation stage acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subtypes. MicroRNAs (miR or miRNAs) from the miR-17-92 cluster, oncomir-1, were shown to inhibit PHLPP2 expression and these miRNAs were highly expressed in AML cells that lacked PHLPP2 protein. Studies showed that miR-17-92 cluster regulation was, surprisingly, independent of transcription factors c-MYC and E2F in these cells; instead all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), a drug used for terminally differentiating AML subtypes, markedly suppressed miR-17-92 expression and increased PHLPP2 protein levels and phosphatase activity. Finally, we demonstrate that the effect of ATRA on miR-17-92 expression is mediated through its target, transcription factor C/EBPβ, which interacts with the intronic promoter of the miR-17-92 gene to inhibit transactivation of the cluster. These studies reveal a novel mechanism for upregulation of the phosphatase activity of PHLPP2 through C/EBPβ-mediated repression of the miR-17-92 cluster in terminally differentiating myeloid cells.
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47
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Peng Y, Croce CM. The role of MicroRNAs in human cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2016; 1:15004. [PMID: 29263891 PMCID: PMC5661652 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2015.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1471] [Impact Index Per Article: 183.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small non-coding RNAs that function in regulation of gene expression. Compelling evidences have demonstrated that miRNA expression is dysregulated in human cancer through various mechanisms, including amplification or deletion of miRNA genes, abnormal transcriptional control of miRNAs, dysregulated epigenetic changes and defects in the miRNA biogenesis machinery. MiRNAs may function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors under certain conditions. The dysregulated miRNAs have been shown to affect the hallmarks of cancer, including sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, activating invasion and metastasis, and inducing angiogenesis. An increasing number of studies have identified miRNAs as potential biomarkers for human cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic targets or tools, which needs further investigation and validation. In this review, we focus on how miRNAs regulate the development of human tumors by acting as tumor suppressors or oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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48
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Chen X, Fan S, Song E. Noncoding RNAs: New Players in Cancers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 927:1-47. [PMID: 27376730 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1498-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The world of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) has gained widespread attention in recent years due to their novel and crucial potency of biological regulation. Noncoding RNAs play essential regulatory roles in a broad range of developmental processes and diseases, notably human cancers. Regulatory ncRNAs represent multiple levels of structurally and functionally distinct RNAs, including the best-known microRNAs (miRNAs), the complicated long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and the newly identified circular RNAs (circRNAs). However, the mechanisms by which they act remain elusive. In this chapter, we will review the current knowledge of the ncRNA field, discussing the genomic context, biological functions, and mechanisms of action of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs. We also highlight the implications of the biogenesis and gene expression dysregulation of different ncRNA subtypes in the initiation and development of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueman Chen
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siting Fan
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erwei Song
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, China.
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49
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Khuu C, Utheim TP, Sehic A. The Three Paralogous MicroRNA Clusters in Development and Disease, miR-17-92, miR-106a-363, and miR-106b-25. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:1379643. [PMID: 27127675 PMCID: PMC4834410 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1379643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) form a class of noncoding RNA genes whose products are small single-stranded RNAs that are involved in the regulation of translation and degradation of mRNAs. There is a fine balance between deregulation of normal developmental programs and tumor genesis. An increasing body of evidence suggests that altered expression of miRNAs is entailed in the pathogenesis of human cancers. Studies in mouse and human cells have identified the miR-17-92 cluster as a potential oncogene. The miR-17-92 cluster is often amplified or overexpressed in human cancers and has recently emerged as the prototypical oncogenic polycistron miRNA. The functional analysis of miR-17-92 is intricate by the existence of two paralogues: miR-106a-363 and miR-106b-25. During early evolution of vertebrates, it is likely that the three clusters commenced via a series of duplication and deletion occurrences. As miR-106a-363 and miR-106b-25 contain miRNAs that are very similar, and in some cases identical, to those encoded by miR-17-92, it is feasible that they regulate a similar set of genes and have overlapping functions. Further understanding of these three clusters and their functions will increase our knowledge about cancer progression. The present review discusses the characteristics and functions of these three miRNA clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuong Khuu
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- *Cuong Khuu:
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, 3004 Drammen, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University College of South East Norway, 3614 Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Amer Sehic
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
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50
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Choi HS, Jain V, Krueger B, Marshall V, Kim CH, Shisler JL, Whitby D, Renne R. Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) Induces the Oncogenic miR-17-92 Cluster and Down-Regulates TGF-β Signaling. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005255. [PMID: 26545119 PMCID: PMC4636184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
KSHV is a DNA tumor virus that causes Kaposi's sarcoma. Upon KSHV infection, only a limited number of latent genes are expressed. We know that KSHV infection regulates host gene expression, and hypothesized that latent genes also modulate the expression of host miRNAs. Aberrant miRNA expression contributes to the development of many types of cancer. Array-based miRNA profiling revealed that all six miRNAs of the oncogenic miR-17-92 cluster are up-regulated in KSHV infected endothelial cells. Among candidate KSHV latent genes, we found that vFLIP and vCyclin were shown to activate the miR-17-92 promoter, using luciferase assay and western blot analysis. The miR-17-92 cluster was previously shown to target TGF-β signaling. We demonstrate that vFLIP and vCyclin induce the expression of the miR-17-92 cluster to strongly inhibit the TGF-β signaling pathway by down-regulating SMAD2. Moreover, TGF-β activity and SMAD2 expression were fully restored when antagomirs (inhibitors) of miR-17-92 cluster were transfected into cells expressing either vFLIP or vCyclin. In addition, we utilized viral genetics to produce vFLIP or vCyclin knock-out viruses, and studied the effects in infected TIVE cells. Infection with wildtype KSHV abolished expression of SMAD2 protein in these endothelial cells. While single-knockout mutants still showed a marked reduction in SMAD2 expression, TIVE cells infected by a double-knockout mutant virus were fully restored for SMAD2 expression, compared to non-infected TIVE cells. Expression of either vFLIP or vCycIin was sufficient to downregulate SMAD2. In summary, our data demonstrate that vFLIP and vCyclin induce the oncogenic miR-17-92 cluster in endothelial cells and thereby interfere with the TGF-β signaling pathway. Manipulation of the TGF-β pathway via host miRNAs represents a novel mechanism that may be important for KSHV tumorigenesis and angiogenesis, a hallmark of KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Seok Choi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Vaibhav Jain
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Brian Krueger
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Vickie Marshall
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chang Hee Kim
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joanna L. Shisler
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Denise Whitby
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rolf Renne
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- UF Institute of Genetics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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