1
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Shen X, Zhang L, Xing S, Zhang XW, Xiong GL, Cong YW, Xiao H, Wang XR, Yu ZY. Inhibition of pyrimidine biosynthesis by strobilurin derivatives induces differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 63:1202-1210. [PMID: 34877904 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.2008382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid-based differentiation therapies have succeeded in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, which is a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Their clinical efficacy is negligible, however, for other subtypes of AML. Here, we showed that strobilurin derivatives, a well-established class of inhibitors of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex III, possessed differentiation-inducing activity in AML cells. Impairment of mitochondrial ETC activity was involved in the differentiation effects of strobilurin derivatives, where reactive oxygen species generation appeared unnecessary. Conversely, strobilurin derivative-mediated differentiation was triggered by pyrimidine deficiency, which resulted from the inhibition of the mitochondrial-coupled dihydroorotate dehydrogenase enzyme. Moreover, strobilurin derivative-mediated pyrimidine depletion led to the activation of the Akt/mTOR cascade, which was required for the differentiation. Our study provided evidence that strobilurin derivatives may represent a novel class of differentiation-inducing agents for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Shen
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The General Hospital of PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Xing
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Wen Zhang
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Lin Xiong
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Wen Cong
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - He Xiao
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Ru Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The General Hospital of PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Zu-Yin Yu
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.,School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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2
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Takahashi S. Kinase Inhibitors and Interferons as Other Myeloid Differentiation Inducers in Leukemia Therapy. Acta Haematol 2021; 145:113-121. [PMID: 34673646 DOI: 10.1159/000519769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation therapy using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is well established for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Several attempts have been made to treat non-APL acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients by employing differentiation inducers, such as hypomethylating agents and low-dose cytarabine, with encouraging results. In the present review, I focus on other possible differentiation inducers: kinase inhibitors and interferons (IFNs). A number of kinase inhibitors have been reported to induce differentiation, including CDK inhibitors, GSK3 inhibitors, Akt inhibitors, p38 MAPK inhibitors, Src family kinase inhibitors, Syk inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, and HSP90 inhibitors. Other powerful inducers are IFNs, which were reported to enhance differentiation with ATRA. Although clinical trials for these kinase modulators remain scarce, their mechanisms of action have been, at least partly, clarified. The Raf/MEK/ERK MAPK pathway and the RARα downstream are affected by many of the kinase inhibitors and IFNs and seem to play a pivotal role for the induction of myeloid differentiation. Further clarification of the mechanisms, as well as the establishment of efficient combination therapies with the kinase inhibitors or IFNs, may lead to the development of effective therapeutic strategies for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Takahashi
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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3
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Transcriptional drug repositioning and cheminformatics approach for differentiation therapy of leukaemia cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12537. [PMID: 34131166 PMCID: PMC8206077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation therapy is attracting increasing interest in cancer as it can be more specific than conventional chemotherapy approaches, and it has offered new treatment options for some cancer types, such as treating acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) by retinoic acid. However, there is a pressing need to identify additional molecules which act in this way, both in leukaemia and other cancer types. In this work, we hence developed a novel transcriptional drug repositioning approach, based on both bioinformatics and cheminformatics components, that enables selecting such compounds in a more informed manner. We have validated the approach for leukaemia cells, and retrospectively retinoic acid was successfully identified using our method. Prospectively, the anti-parasitic compound fenbendazole was tested in leukaemia cells, and we were able to show that it can induce the differentiation of leukaemia cells to granulocytes in low concentrations of 0.1 μM and within as short a time period as 3 days. This work hence provides a systematic and validated approach for identifying small molecules for differentiation therapy in cancer.
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4
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Suzuki M, Minakuchi Y, Mizutani F, Yasukawa T. Discrimination of cell-differentiation using a cell-binding assay based on the conversion of cell-patterns with dielectrophoresis. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 175:112892. [PMID: 33360628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We developed a simple, rapid, and label-free method to obtain the ratio of cells with a specific surface protein from heterogeneous cell populations, and applied it to estimate the cell differentiation states. The repulsive force of negative dielectrophoresis was used to form the first pattern of HL60 cells on a substrate immobilized with anti-CD13 or anti-CD11b antibody. Next, the patterned cells were converted to form the second pattern by switching the pattern of the electric field. The cells exhibiting a specific protein remained in the original position due to the immunorecognition event, while the unwanted cells that were not bound to the antibody on the substrates could be simply removed. The cell-binding efficiencies of substrates modified with anti-CD13 and anti-CD11b decreased and increased, respectively, with increasing duration of cell culture in medium containing differentiation-inducing agents, including all-trans retinoic acid. This is explained by the downregulation of CD13 and upregulation of CD11b throughout the differentiation process of HL60 cells. Furthermore, the assay was applied to investigate the effects of various differentiation-inducing agents. The total assay time required for discriminating the proteins expressed on the cell surface in each differentiation state was as short as 120 s. No fluorescence label is required for the proposed assay. The method could be useful to estimate the cell differentiation and factors that influence the differentiation trajectory for numerous cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Suzuki
- Graduate School of Material Sciences, University of Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuki Minakuchi
- Graduate School of Material Sciences, University of Hyogo, Japan
| | - Fumio Mizutani
- Graduate School of Material Sciences, University of Hyogo, Japan
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5
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Salt-inducible kinase inhibition sensitizes human acute myeloid leukemia cells to all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation. Int J Hematol 2020; 113:254-262. [PMID: 33074481 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-020-03026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation therapies with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) have been successful in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia, a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, their efficacy is limited in the case of other AML subtypes. Here, we show that the combination of ATRA with salt-inducible kinase (SIK) inhibition significantly enhances ATRA-mediated AML differentiation. SIK inhibition augmented the ability of ATRA to induce growth inhibition and G1 cell cycle arrest of AML cells. Moreover, combining ATRA and SIK inhibition synergistically activated the Akt signaling pathway but not the MAPK pathway. Pharmacological blockade of Akt activity suppressed the combination-induced differentiation, indicating an essential role for Akt in the action of the combination treatment. Taken together, our study reveals a novel role for SIK in the regulation of ATRA-mediated AML differentiation, implicating the combination of ATRA and SIK inhibition as a promising approach for future differentiation therapy.
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6
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Zhang T, Wei D, Lu T, Ma D, Yu K, Fang Q, Zhang Z, Wang W, Wang J. CAY10683 and imatinib have synergistic effects in overcoming imatinib resistance via HDAC2 inhibition in chronic myeloid leukemia. RSC Adv 2020; 10:828-844. [PMID: 35494464 PMCID: PMC9048251 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07971h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib (IM) is utilized for targeting the BCR-ABL fusion protein and as such, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is considered to be a curable disorder for which patients can achieve a long survival. However, 15-20% CML cases end up with IM resistance that will develop into the accelerated stage and eventually the blast crisis, thereby restricting the treatment choices and giving rise to a dismal survival rate. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been identified to modulate the oncogene as well as tumor suppressor gene activities, and they play crucial parts in tumorigenesis. It is found recently that IM combined with HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) can serve as a promising means of overcoming IM resistance in CML cases. Santacruzamate A (CAY10683) has been developed as one of the selective and powerful HDACi to resist HDAC2. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine whether CAY10683 combined with IM could serve as the candidate antitumor treatment for CML cases with IM resistance. The influences of CAY10683 combined with IM on the cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and viability of CML cells with IM resistance were investigated, and it was discovered that the combined treatment exerted synergistic effects on managing the IM resistance. Moreover, further studies indicated that CAY10683 combined with IM mainly exerted synergistic effects through inhibiting HDAC2 in K562-R and LAMA84-R cells with IM resistance. Besides, the PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway was found to mediate the HDAC2 regulation of CML cells with IM resistance. Eventually, it was also discovered, based on the xenograft mouse model, that the combined treatment dramatically suppressed CML proliferation in vivo. To sum up, findings in the current study indicate that CAY10683 combined with IM can be potentially used as the candidate treatment for CML with IM resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhuo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China +86 851 675 7898 +86 136 390 89646 .,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre Guiyang 550004 PR China
| | - Danna Wei
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital Guiyang 550002 PR China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China +86 851 675 7898 +86 136 390 89646 .,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre Guiyang 550004 PR China
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China +86 851 675 7898 +86 136 390 89646 .,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre Guiyang 550004 PR China
| | - Kunlin Yu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China +86 851 675 7898 +86 136 390 89646 .,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre Guiyang 550004 PR China
| | - Qin Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China
| | - Zhaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China +86 851 675 7898 +86 136 390 89646 .,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre Guiyang 550004 PR China
| | - Weili Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China +86 851 675 7898 +86 136 390 89646 .,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre Guiyang 550004 PR China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China +86 851 675 7898 +86 136 390 89646 .,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre Guiyang 550004 PR China
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7
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Dembitz V, Tomic B, Kodvanj I, Simon JA, Bedalov A, Visnjic D. The ribonucleoside AICAr induces differentiation of myeloid leukemia by activating the ATR/Chk1 via pyrimidine depletion. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15257-15270. [PMID: 31431503 PMCID: PMC6802504 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic pathways play important roles in proliferation and differentiation of malignant cells. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr), a precursor in purine biosynthesis and a well-established activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), induces widespread metabolic alterations and is commonly used for dissecting the role of metabolism in cancer. We have previously reported that AICAr promotes differentiation and inhibits proliferation of myeloid leukemia cells. Here, using metabolic assays, immunoblotting, flow cytometry analyses, and siRNA-mediated gene silencing in leukemia cell lines, we show that AICAr-mediated differentiation was independent of the known metabolic effects of AMPK, including glucose consumption, but instead depends on the activation of the DNA damage–associated enzyme checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) induced by pyrimidine depletion. LC/MS/MS metabolomics analysis revealed that AICAr increases orotate levels and decreases uridine monophosphate (UMP) levels, consistent with inhibition of UMP synthesis at a step downstream of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). AICAr and the DHODH inhibitor brequinar had similar effects on differentiation markers and S-phase arrest, and genetic or pharmacological Chk1 inactivation abrogated both of these effects. Our results delineate an AMPK-independent effect of AICAr on myeloid leukemia differentiation that involves perturbation of pyrimidine biosynthesis and activation of the DNA damage response network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Dembitz
- Department of Physiology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Tomic
- Department of Physiology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Kodvanj
- Department of Physiology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Julian A Simon
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Antonio Bedalov
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Dora Visnjic
- Department of Physiology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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8
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Visnjic D, Dembitz V, Lalic H. The Role of AMPK/mTOR Modulators in the Therapy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:2208-2229. [PMID: 29345570 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180117105522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia with all-trans retinoic acid represents the most successful pharmacological therapy of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Numerous studies demonstrate that drugs that inhibit mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and activate AMP-kinase (AMPK) have beneficial effects in promoting differentiation and blocking proliferation of AML. Most of these drugs are already in use for other purposes; rapalogs as immunosuppressants, biguanides as oral antidiabetics, and 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr, acadesine) as an exercise mimetic. Although most of these pharmacological modulators have been widely used for decades, their mechanism of action is only partially understood. In this review, we summarize the role of AMPK and mTOR in hematological malignancies and discuss the possible role of pharmacological modulators in proliferation and differentiation of leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Visnjic
- Department of Physiology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vilma Dembitz
- Department of Physiology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Lalic
- Department of Physiology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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9
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Bavelloni A, Focaccia E, Piazzi M, Raffini M, Cesarini V, Tomaselli S, Orsini A, Ratti S, Faenza I, Cocco L, Gallo A, Blalock WL. AKT-dependent phosphorylation of the adenosine deaminases ADAR-1 and -2 inhibits deaminase activity. FASEB J 2019; 33:9044-9061. [PMID: 31095429 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800490rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT) kinases target both cytosolic and nuclear substrates for phosphorylation. Whereas the cytosolic substrates are known to be closely associated with the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy or metabolism and protein synthesis, the nuclear substrates are, for the most part, poorly understood. To better define the role of nuclear AKT, potential AKT substrates were isolated from the nuclear lysates of leukemic cell lines using a phosphorylated AKT substrate antibody and identified in tandem mass spectrometry. Among the proteins identified was adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR)1p110, the predominant nuclear isoform of the adenosine deaminase acting on double-stranded RNA. Coimmunoprecipitation studies and in vitro kinase assays revealed that AKT-1, -2, and -3 interact with both ADAR1p110 and ADAR2 and phosphorylate these RNA editases. Using site-directed mutagenesis of suspected AKT phosphorylation sites, AKT was found to primarily phosphorylate ADAR1p110 and ADAR2 on T738 and T553, respectively, and overexpression of the phosphomimic mutants ADAR1p110 (T738D) and ADAR2 (T553D) resulted in a 50-100% reduction in editase activity. Thus, activation of AKT has a direct and major impact on RNA editing.-Bavelloni, A., Focaccia, E., Piazzi, M., Raffini, M., Cesarini, V., Tomaselli, S., Orsini, A., Ratti, S., Faenza, I., Cocco, L., Gallo, A., Blalock, W. L. AKT-dependent phosphorylation of the adenosine deaminases ADAR-1 and -2 inhibits deaminase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrico Focaccia
- IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), Bologna, Italy.,National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM), Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Piazzi
- IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), Bologna, Italy.,National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM), Bologna, Italy
| | - Mirco Raffini
- IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeriana Cesarini
- Oncohaematology Department, RNA Editing Laboratory, IRCCS-Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; and
| | - Sara Tomaselli
- Oncohaematology Department, RNA Editing Laboratory, IRCCS-Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; and
| | - Arianna Orsini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Faenza
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Gallo
- Oncohaematology Department, RNA Editing Laboratory, IRCCS-Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; and
| | - William L Blalock
- IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), Bologna, Italy.,National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM), Bologna, Italy
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10
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Piredda ML, Gaur G, Catalano G, Divona M, Banella C, Travaglini S, Puzzangara MC, Voso MT, Lo-Coco F, Noguera NI. PML/RARA inhibits expression of HSP90 and its target AKT. Br J Haematol 2018; 184:937-948. [PMID: 30536958 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Essential for cell survival, the 90 kD Heat Shock Proteins (HSP90) are molecular chaperons required for conformational stabilization and trafficking of numerous client proteins. Functional HSP90 is required for the stability of AKT, a serine-threonine kinase phosphorylated in response to growth factor stimulation. AKT plays a crucial regulatory role in differentiation, cell cycle, transcription, translation, metabolism and apoptosis. Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) is characterized by the presence of the promyelocytic leukaemia/retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML/RARA) fusion protein, which deregulates expression of several genes involved in differentiation and apoptosis. Here, we report inhibition of HSP90AA1 and HSP90AB1 isomer transcription in blasts isolated from patients with APL, associated with reduction of HSP90 protein expression and loss of control on AKT protein phosphorylation. We show that in vitro treatment of PML/RARA expressing cells with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) up-regulates HSP90 expression and stabilizes AKT. Addition of the HSP90-inhibitor 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin in combination with ATRA, blocks upregulation of AKT protein, indicating that HSP90 is necessary for ATRA action on AKT. This is the first report proving that expression of HSP90 isomers are directly and differentially repressed by PML/RARA, with critical results on cellular homeostasis of target proteins, such as AKT, in APL blasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Liliana Piredda
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation, I.R.C.C.S., Rome, Italy
| | - Girish Gaur
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation, I.R.C.C.S., Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Catalano
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Banella
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation, I.R.C.C.S., Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Travaglini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Teresa Voso
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Lo-Coco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation, I.R.C.C.S., Rome, Italy
| | - Nelida Ines Noguera
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation, I.R.C.C.S., Rome, Italy
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11
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The c-Raf modulator RRD-251 enhances nuclear c-Raf/GSK-3/VDR axis signaling and augments 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced differentiation of HL-60 myeloblastic leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29515772 PMCID: PMC5839403 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation therapy is used in cancer treatment. Epidemiologic studies showed that higher vitamin D levels are associated with reduced cancer risks. However, the therapeutic doses needed for differentiation are accompanied by hypercalcemia and intolerable pathological sequelae. In the present work we evaluated if RRD-251, a small-molecule, can enhance vitamin D3-induced differentiation of leukemic cells, in the hope of decreasing the needed vitamin D3-dose. We demonstrate that RRD-251 enhances vitamin D3-induced differentiation of leukemic cells, the enrichment of the c-Raf kinase in the nucleus, the binding of nuclear c-Raf to GSK-3, increased phosphorylation of GSK-3 ser 21/9 inhibitory sites, and the binding of GSK-3 to VDR, where GSK-3 inhibition is known to enhance transcriptional activation by VDR. Enhancement of D3-induced p-GSK-3 ser 21/9 by RRD-251 was associated with enhanced Akt-GSK-3 binding, Akt being a known GSK-3 inhibitor, and diminished Erk1/2 binding. Diminishing Erk interaction with GSK-3 was associated with enhanced interaction with Vav1, a known driver of myeloid differentiation. This is redolent of an ATRA/c-Raf/GSK-3/RARα axis we previously reported, although the phosphorylation effects to enhance transcriptional activation on RARα vs VDR diverge. Taken together this indicates potential therapeutic significance for a c-Raf/GSK-3/VDR or RARα axis for leukemic myelo-monocytic differentiation.
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12
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Ruiz A, Dror E, Handschin C, Furrer R, Perez-Schindler J, Bachmann C, Treves S, Zorzato F. Over-expression of a retinol dehydrogenase (SRP35/DHRS7C) in skeletal muscle activates mTORC2, enhances glucose metabolism and muscle performance. Sci Rep 2018; 8:636. [PMID: 29330505 PMCID: PMC5766524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
SRP-35 is a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase belonging to the DHRS7C dehydrogenase/ reductase family 7. Here we show that its over-expression in mouse skeletal muscles induces enhanced muscle performance in vivo, which is not related to alterations in excitation-contraction coupling but rather linked to enhanced glucose metabolism. Over-expression of SRP-35 causes increased phosphorylation of AktS473, triggering plasmalemmal targeting of GLUT4 and higher glucose uptake into muscles. SRP-35 signaling involves RARα and RARγ (non-genomic effect), PI3K and mTORC2. We also demonstrate that all-trans retinoic acid, a downstream product of the enzymatic activity of SRP-35, mimics the effect of SRP-35 in skeletal muscle, inducing a synergistic effect with insulin on AKTS473 phosphorylation. These results indicate that SRP-35 affects skeletal muscle metabolism and may represent an important target for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Ruiz
- Departments of Anesthesia and of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erez Dror
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Regula Furrer
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph Bachmann
- Departments of Anesthesia and of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susan Treves
- Departments of Anesthesia and of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Life Sciences, General Pathology section, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Zorzato
- Departments of Anesthesia and of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Life Sciences, General Pathology section, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44100, Ferrara, Italy.
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13
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Dembitz V, Lalic H, Visnjic D. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside-induced autophagy flux during differentiation of monocytic leukemia cells. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17066. [PMID: 28975042 PMCID: PMC5624282 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological modulators of AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) have been suggested in treatment of cancer. The biguanide metformin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) have been reported to inhibit proliferation of solid tumors and hematological malignancies, but their role in differentiation is less explored. Our previous study demonstrated that AICAR alone induced AMPK-independent expression of differentiation markers in monocytic U937 leukemia cells, and no such effects were observed in response to metformin. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism of AICAR-mediated effects and to test for the possible role of autophagy in differentiation of leukemia cells. The results showed that AICAR-mediated effects on the expression of differentiation markers were not mimicked by A769662, a more specific direct AMPK activator. Long-term incubation of U937 cells with AICAR and other differentiation agents, all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, increased the expression of the autophagy marker LC3B-II, and these effects were not observed in response to metformin. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses of U937 cells treated with bafilomycin A1 or transfected with mRFP-GFP-LC3 proved that the increase in the expression of LC3B-II was due to an increase in autophagy flux, and not to a decrease in lysosomal degradation. 3-Methyladenine inhibited the expression of differentiation markers in response to all inducers, but had stimulatory effects on autophagy flux at dose that effectively inhibited the production of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. The small inhibitory RNA-mediated down-modulation of Beclin 1 and hVPS34 had no effects on AICAR and ATRA-mediated increase in the expression of differentiation markers. These results show that AICAR and other differentiation agents induce autophagy flux in U937 cells and that the effects of AICAR and ATRA on the expression of differentiation markers do not depend on the normal levels of key proteins of the classical or canonical autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Dembitz
- Department of Physiology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 12, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Lalic
- Department of Physiology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 12, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia
| | - Dora Visnjic
- Department of Physiology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 12, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia
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14
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Pein H, Koeberle SC, Voelkel M, Schneider F, Rossi A, Thürmer M, Loeser K, Sautebin L, Morrison H, Werz O, Koeberle A. Vitamin A regulates Akt signaling through the phospholipid fatty acid composition. FASEB J 2017; 31:4566-4577. [PMID: 28687611 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700078r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases, including the serine/threonine kinase Akt, mediate manifold bioactivities of vitamin A, although the mechanisms behind the sustained kinase activation are diffuse. To investigate the role of cellular lipids as targetable factors in Akt signaling, we combined mass spectrometry-based lipidomics with immunologic detection of Akt (Ser473) phosphorylation. A screening campaign revealed retinol (vitamin A alcohol) and all-trans retinoic acid (vitamin A acid) (RA) as hits that time-dependently (≥24 h) deplete phosphatidylcholine-bound polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA-PCs) from NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblasts while inducing Akt activation (EC50 ≈ 0.1-1 µM). Other mitogenic and stress-regulated kinases were hardly affected. Organized in a coregulated phospholipid subcluster, PUFA-PCs compensated for the RA-induced loss of cellular PUFA-PCs and diminished Akt activation when supplemented. The counter-regulation of phospholipids and Akt by RA was mimicked by knockdown of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase-3 or the selective retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist bexarotene and prevented by the selective RXR antagonist Hx531. Treatment of mice with retinol decreased the tissue ratio of PUFA-PC and enhanced basal Akt activation preferentially in brain, which was attributed to astrocytes in dissociated cortical cultures. Together, our findings show that RA regulates the long-term activation of Akt by changes in the phospholipid composition.-Pein, H., Koeberle, S. C., Voelkel, M., Schneider, F., Rossi, A., Thürmer, M., Loeser, K., Sautebin, L., Morrison, H., Werz, O., Koeberle, A. Vitamin A regulates Akt signaling through the phospholipid fatty acid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Pein
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Maria Voelkel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Freya Schneider
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Antonietta Rossi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Thürmer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Lidia Sautebin
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Helen Morrison
- Leibniz Institute of Age Research, Fritz-Lipmann-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany;
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15
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Teimourian S, Moghanloo E. Thwarting PTEN Expression by siRNA Augments HL-60 Cell Differentiation to Neutrophil-Like Cells by DMSO and ATRA. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:591-598. [PMID: 27617494 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2016.3317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal cell differentiation, in particular suppression of terminal cell differentiation, exists in all tumors. Therapeutic interventions to restore terminal differentiation ("differentiation therapy") are a very attractive way to treat cancer, especially leukemia. A variety of chemicals stimulates differentiation of leukemic cells, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Tumor suppressor genes have a vital role in the gateway to terminal cell differentiation. In this study, we inhibited PTEN tumor suppressor gene expression by siRNA to investigate the effect of potentiating cell survival and inhibiting apoptosis on HL-60 cell differentiation by DMSO and ATRA. Our results show that PTEN siRNA increases HL-60 cell differentiation in the presence of DMSO and ATRA. At the same time, the presence of siRNA hampers accumulation of apoptotic cells during incubation. Our study suggests that manipulation of PTEN could hold promise for enhancing efficacy of differentiation therapy of acute myelogenous leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Teimourian
- 1 Department of Medical Genetics, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran .,2 Department of Human Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran .,3 Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Moghanloo
- 2 Department of Human Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran .,3 Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran .,4 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan, Iran
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16
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Koya J, Kataoka K, Sato T, Bando M, Kato Y, Tsuruta-Kishino T, Kobayashi H, Narukawa K, Miyoshi H, Shirahige K, Kurokawa M. DNMT3A R882 mutants interact with polycomb proteins to block haematopoietic stem and leukaemic cell differentiation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10924. [PMID: 27010239 PMCID: PMC4820786 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinical impact of DNMT3A mutation on acute myeloid leukaemia, the molecular mechanisms regarding how this mutation causes leukaemogenesis in vivo are largely unknown. Here we show that, in murine transplantation experiments, recipients transplanted with DNMT3A mutant-transduced cells exhibit aberrant haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) accumulation. Differentiation-associated genes are downregulated without accompanying changes in methylation status of their promoter-associated CpG islands in DNMT3A mutant-transduced stem/progenitor cells, representing a DNA methylation-independent role of mutated DNMT3A. DNMT3A R882H also promotes monoblastic transformation in vitro in combination with HOXA9. Molecularly, the DNMT3A mutant interacts with polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), causing transcriptional silencing, revealing a DNA methylation-independent role of DNMT3A mutation. Suppression of PRC1 impairs aberrant HSC accumulation and monoblastic transformation. From our data, it is shown that DNMT3A mutants can block the differentiation of HSCs and leukaemic cells via PRC1. This interaction could be targetable in DNMT3A-mutated leukaemias. DNMT3A mutations are known to cause acute myeloid leukaemia. Here, Koya et al. show that DNMT3A R882H mutation causes monoblastic transformation and haematopoietic stem cell accumulation in a methylation-independent manner, by suppressing the polycomb repressive complex 1, causing transcriptional silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Koya
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kataoka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sato
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Transfusion Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masashige Bando
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Research Center for Epigenetic Disease, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yuki Kato
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Research Center for Epigenetic Disease, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takako Tsuruta-Kishino
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kensuke Narukawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyoshi
- Subteam for Manipulation of Cell Fate, RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1, Koyadai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shirahige
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Research Center for Epigenetic Disease, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mineo Kurokawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Cell Therapy and Transplantation, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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17
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Chen Y, Sakamuru S, Huang R, Reese DH, Xia M. Identification of compounds that modulate retinol signaling using a cell-based qHTS assay. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 32:287-96. [PMID: 26820057 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In vertebrates, the retinol (vitamin A) signaling pathway (RSP) controls the biosynthesis and catabolism of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), which regulates transcription of genes essential for embryonic development. Chemicals that interfere with the RSP to cause abnormal intracellular levels of atRA are potential developmental toxicants. To assess chemicals for the ability to interfere with retinol signaling, we have developed a cell-based RARE (Retinoic Acid Response Element) reporter gene assay to identify RSP disruptors. To validate this assay in a quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) platform, we screened the Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds (LOPAC) in both agonist and antagonist modes. The screens detected known RSP agonists, demonstrating assay reliability, and also identified novel RSP agonists including kenpaullone, niclosamide, PD98059 and SU4312, and RSP antagonists including Bay 11-7085, LY294002, 3,4-Methylenedioxy-β-nitrostyrene, and topoisomerase inhibitors (camptothecin, topotecan, amsacrine hydrochloride, and idarubicin). When evaluated in the P19 pluripotent cell, these compounds were found to affect the expression of the Hoxa1 gene that is essential for embryo body patterning. These results show that the RARE assay is an effective qHTS approach for screening large compound libraries to identify chemicals that have the potential to adversely affect embryonic development through interference with retinol signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Chen
- Division of Molecular Biology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, United States.
| | - Srilatha Sakamuru
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Ruili Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - David H Reese
- Division of Molecular Biology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, United States
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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18
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Mongiorgi S, Finelli C, Yang YR, Clissa C, McCubrey JA, Billi AM, Manzoli L, Suh PG, Cocco L, Follo MY. Inositide-dependent signaling pathways as new therapeutic targets in myelodysplastic syndromes. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 20:677-87. [PMID: 26610046 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1125885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nuclear inositide signaling pathways specifically regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. Interestingly, the modulation of nuclear inositides in hematological malignancies can differentially affect erythropoiesis or myelopoiesis. This is particularly important in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), who show both defective erythroid and myeloid differentiation, as well as an increased risk of evolution into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the structure and function of specific nuclear inositide enzymes, whose impairment could be linked with disease pathogenesis and cancer. The authors, stemming from literature and published data, discuss and describe the role of nuclear inositides, focusing on specific enzymes and demonstrating that targeting these molecules could be important to develop innovative therapeutic approaches, with particular reference to MDS treatment. EXPERT OPINION Demethylating therapy, alone or in combination with other drugs, is the most common and current therapy for MDS patients. Nuclear inositide signaling molecules have been demonstrated to be important in hematopoietic differentiation and are promising new targets for developing a personalized MDS therapy. Indeed, these enzymes can be ideal targets for drug design and their modulation can have several important downstream effects to regulate MDS pathogenesis and prevent MDS progression to AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mongiorgi
- a Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Carlo Finelli
- b Institute of Hematology "L e A Seràgnoli" , S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital , Bologna , Italy
| | - Yong Ryoul Yang
- c School of Life Sciences , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology , Ulsan , Republic of Korea
| | - Cristina Clissa
- b Institute of Hematology "L e A Seràgnoli" , S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital , Bologna , Italy.,d Hematology and Transplant Center , AORMN , Pesaro , Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- e Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine , East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
| | - Anna Maria Billi
- a Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- a Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- c School of Life Sciences , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology , Ulsan , Republic of Korea
| | - Lucio Cocco
- a Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- a Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
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19
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Norepinephrine and Epinephrine Enhanced the Infectivity of Enterovirus 71. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135154. [PMID: 26252639 PMCID: PMC4529162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infections may be associated with neurological complications, including brainstem encephalitis (BE). Severe EV71 BE may be complicated with autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation and/or pulmonary edema (PE). ANS dysregulation is related to the overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system, which results from catecholamine release. Objective The aims of this study were to explore the effects of catecholamines on severe EV71 infection and to investigate the changes in the percentages of EV71-infected cells, virus titer, and cytokine production on the involvement of catecholamines. Study Design Plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EP) in EV71-infected patients were measured using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. The expression of adrenergic receptors (ADRs) on RD, A549, SK-N-SH, THP-1, Jurkat and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) were detected using flow cytometry. The percentages of EV71-infected cells, virus titer, and cytokine production were investigated after treatment with NE and EP. Results The plasma levels of NE and EP were significantly higher in EV71-infected patients with ANS dysregulation and PE than in controls. Both α1A- and β2-ADRs were expressed on A549, RD, SK-N-SH, HL-60, THP-1, Jurkat cells and hPBMCs. NE treatment elevated the percentages of EV71-infected cells to 62.9% and 22.7% in THP-1 and Jurkat cells, respectively. Via treatment with EP, the percentages of EV71-infected cells were increased to 64.6% and 26.9% in THP-1 and Jurkat cells. The percentage of EV71-infected cells increased upon NE or EP treatment while the α- and β-blockers reduced the percentages of EV71-infected cells with NE or EP treatment. At least two-fold increase in virus titer was observed in EV71-infected A549, SK-N-SH and hPBMCs after treatment with NE or EP. IL-6 production was enhanced in EV71-infected hPBMCs at a concentration of 102 pg/mL NE. Conclusion The plasma levels of NE and EP elevated in EV71-infected patients with ANS dysregulation and PE. Both NE and EP enhanced the percentages of infected cells and virus titers in EV71 infection in vitro. NE and EP may play a role in the pathogenesis of EV71 BE complicated with ANS dysregulation and PE.
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20
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Jensen HA, Bunaciu RP, Varner JD, Yen A. GW5074 and PP2 kinase inhibitors implicate nontraditional c-Raf and Lyn function as drivers of retinoic acid-induced maturation. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1666-75. [PMID: 25817574 PMCID: PMC4529126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The multivariate nature of cancer necessitates multi-targeted therapy, and kinase inhibitors account for a vast majority of approved cancer therapeutics. While acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients are highly responsive to retinoic acid (RA) therapy, kinase inhibitors have been gaining momentum as co-treatments with RA for non-APL acute myeloid leukemia (AML) differentiation therapies, especially as a means to treat relapsed or refractory AML patients. In this study GW5074 (a c-Raf inhibitor) and PP2 (a Src-family kinase inhibitor) enhanced RA-induced maturation of t(15;17)-negative myeloblastic leukemia cells and rescued response in RA-resistant cells. PD98059 (a MEK inhibitor) and Akti-1/2 (an Akt inhibitor) were less effective, but did tend to promote maturation-uncoupled G1/G0 arrest, while wortmannin (a PI3K inhibitor) did not enhance differentiation surface marker expression or growth arrest. PD98059 and Akti-1/2 did not enhance differentiation markers and have potential, antagonistic off-targets effects on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), but neither could the AhR agonist 6-formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole (FICZ) rescue differentiation events in the RA-resistant cells. GW5074 rescued early CD38 expression in RA-resistant cells exhibiting an early block in differentiation before CD38 expression, while for RA-resistant cells with differentiation blocked later, PP2 rescued the later differentiation marker CD11b; but surprisingly, the combination of the two was not synergistic. Kinases c-Raf, Src-family kinases Lyn and Fgr, and PI3K display highly correlated signaling changes during RA treatment, while activation of traditional downstream targets (Akt, MEK/ERK), and even the surface marker CD38, were poorly correlated with c-Raf or Lyn during differentiation. This suggests that an interrelated kinase module involving c-Raf, PI3K, Lyn and perhaps Fgr functions in a nontraditional way during RA-induced maturation or during rescue of RA induction therapy using inhibitor co-treatment in RA-resistant leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Jensen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Rodica P Bunaciu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Varner
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Andrew Yen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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21
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Dembitz V, Lalic H, Ostojic A, Vrhovac R, Banfic H, Visnjic D. The mechanism of synergistic effects of arsenic trioxide and rapamycin in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines lacking typical t(15;17) translocation. Int J Hematol 2015; 102:12-24. [PMID: 25758096 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-015-1776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has potent clinical activity in the treatment of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), but is much less efficacious in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) lacking t(15;17) translocation. Recent studies have indicated that the addition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors may increase the sensitivity of malignant cells to ATO. The aim of the present study was to test for possible synergistic effects of ATO and rapamycin at therapeutically achievable doses in non-APL AML cells. In HL-60 and U937 cell lines, the inhibitory effects of low concentrations of ATO and rapamycin were synergistic and more pronounced in U937 cells. The combination of drugs increased apoptosis in HL-60 cells and increased the percentage of cells in G(0)/G(1) phase in both cell lines. In U937 cells, rapamycin alone increased the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) and the addition of ATO decreased the level of phosphorylated ERK, Ser473 phosphorylated Akt and anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 protein. Primary AML cells show high sensitivity to growth-inhibitory effects of rapamycin alone or in combination with ATO. The results of the present study reveal the mechanism of the synergistic effects of two drugs at therapeutically achievable doses in non-APL AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Dembitz
- Department of Physiology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 3, POB 978, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
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22
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Tanabe H, Yasui T, Kotani H, Nagatsu A, Makishima M, Amagaya S, Inoue M. Retinoic acid receptor agonist activity of naturally occurring diterpenes. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:3204-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Lalic H, Dembitz V, Lukinovic-Skudar V, Banfic H, Visnjic D. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside induces differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 55:2375-83. [PMID: 24359245 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.876633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated kinase (AMPK) modulators have been shown to exert cytotoxic activity in hematological malignancies, but their role in the differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is less explored. In this study, the effects of AMPK agonists on all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-mediated differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and non-APL AML cell lines were investigated. The results show that AMPK agonists inhibit the growth of myeloblastic HL-60, promyelocytic NB4 and monocytic U937 cells. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), an AMPK activator, enhances ATRA-mediated differentiation of NB4 cells. In U937 cells, AICAR alone induces the expression of cell surface markers associated with mature monocytes and macrophages. In both cell lines, AICAR increases the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and the presence of a MAPK inhibitor reduces the expression of differentiation markers. These results reveal beneficial effects of AICAR in AML, including differentiation of non-APL AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Lalic
- Department of Physiology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb , Croatia
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24
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Bavelloni A, Piazzi M, Faenza I, Raffini M, D'Angelo A, Cattini L, Cocco L, Blalock WL. Prohibitin 2 represents a novel nuclear AKT substrate during all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. FASEB J 2014; 28:2009-19. [PMID: 24522204 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-244368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The AKT/PKB kinase is essential for cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation; however, aberrant AKT activation leads to the aggressiveness and drug resistance of many human neoplasias. In the human acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line NB4, nuclear AKT activity increases during all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-mediated differentiation. As nuclear AKT activity is associated with differentiation, we sought to identify the nuclear substrates of AKT that were phosphorylated after ATRA treatment. A proteomics-based search for nuclear substrates of AKT in ATRA-treated NB4 cells was undertaken by using 2D-electrophoresis/mass spectrometry (MS) in combination with an anti-AKT phospho-substrate antibody. Western blot analysis, an in vitro kinase assay, and/or site-directed mutagenesis were performed to further characterize the MS findings. MS analysis revealed prohibitin (PHB)-2, a multifunctional protein involved in cell cycle progression and the suppression of oxidative stress, to be a putative nuclear substrate of AKT. Follow-up studies confirmed that AKT phosphorylates PHB2 on Ser-91 and that forced expression of the PHB2(S91A) mutant results in a rapid loss of viability and apoptotic cell death. Activation of nuclear AKT during ATRA-mediated differentiation results in the phosphorylation of several proteins, including PHB2, which may serve to coordinate nuclear-mitochondrial events during differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bavelloni
- 2IGM-CNR, Bologna, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
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Ma H, Cheng L, Hao K, Li Y, Song X, Zhou H, Jia L. Reversal effect of ST6GAL 1 on multidrug resistance in human leukemia by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway and the expression of P-gp and MRP1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85113. [PMID: 24454800 PMCID: PMC3894187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
β-galactoside α2, 6-sialyltransferse gene (ST6GAL) family has two members, which encode corresponding enzymes ST6Gal I and ST6Gal II. The present atudy was to investigate whether and how ST6GAL family involved in multidrug resistance (MDR) in human leukemia cell lines and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) of leukemia patients. Real-time PCR showed a high expression level of ST6GAL1 gene in both MDR cells and BMMCs (*P<0.05). Alternation of ST6GAL1 levels had a significant impact on drug-resistant phenotype changing of K562 and K562/ADR cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, no significant changes were observed of ST6GAL2 gene. Further data revealed that manipulation of ST6GAL1 modulated the activity of phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling and consequently regulated the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp, *P<0.05) and multidrug resistance related protein 1 (MRP1, *P<0.05), which are both known to be associated with MDR. Therefore we postulate that ST6GAL1 is responsible for the development of MDR in human leukemia cells probably through medicating the activity of PI3K/Akt signaling and the expression of P-gp and MRP1.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Child
- Drug Resistance, Multiple
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Humans
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/enzymology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Sialyltransferases/genetics
- Sialyltransferases/metabolism
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Ma
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Laparoscopic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Keji Hao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Li
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaobo Song
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li Jia
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Deng L, Zhang R, Tang F, Li C, Xing YY, Xi T. Ursolic acid induces U937 cells differentiation by PI3K/Akt pathway activation. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 12:15-9. [PMID: 24484591 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, is used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent. There were few studies on the effects of UA on differentiation, and this is the first time to elucidate the potential effect and molecular mechanism of UA on inducing differentiation in the human leukemia cell line U937. METHODS Wright-Giemsa staining, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction assay and flow cytometric analysis were utilized to demonstrate the differentiation of U937 cells induced by UA. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay were used to investigate the possible mechanism. RESULTS It was found that UA could induce the differentiation of U937cells and Akt-activity was significantly increased during differentiation. Additionally, LY294002, a PI3K-Akt inhibitor, could block the differentiation of U937 cells induced by UA. CONCLUSION UA could induce the differentiation of U937 cells by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway, and it could be a potential candidate as a differentiation-inducing agent for the therapy of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Deng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng Tang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying-Ying Xing
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tao Xi
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Chee LCY, Hendy J, Purton LE, McArthur GA. ATRA and the specific RARα agonist, NRX195183, have opposing effects on the clonogenicity of pre-leukemic murine AML1-ETO bone marrow cells. Leukemia 2012; 27:1369-80. [PMID: 23228968 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is used successfully in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). ATRA enhances hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal through retinoic acid receptor (RAR)γ activation while promoting differentiation of committed myeloid progenitors through RARα activation. Its lack of success in the treatment of non-APL acute myeloid leukemia (AML) may be related to ATRA's non-selectivity for the RARα and RARγ isotypes, and specific RARα activation may be more beneficial in promoting myeloid differentiation. To investigate this hypothesis, the effects of ATRA and the specific RARα agonist NRX195183 was assessed in AML1-ETO (AE)-expressing murine bone marrow (BM) progenitors. ATRA potentiated the in vitro clonogenicity of these cells while NRX195183 had the opposite effect. Morphological and flow cytometric analysis confirmed a predominantly immature myeloid population in the ATRA-treated AE cells while the NRX195183-treated cells demonstrated an increase in the mature myeloid population. Similarly, NRX195183 treatment promoted myeloid differentiation in an AE9a in vivo murine model. In the ATRA-treated AE cells, gene expression analyses revealed functional networks involving SERPINE1 and bone morphogenetic protein 2; AKT phosphorylation was upregulated. Collectively, these findings confirm the contrasting roles of specific RARα and RARγ activation in the clonogenicity and differentiation of AE cells with potential significant implications in the treatment of non-APL AML using a specific RARα agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Y Chee
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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28
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Jiang XJ, Huang KK, Yang M, Qiao L, Wang Q, Ye JY, Zhou HS, Yi ZS, Wu FQ, Wang ZX, Zhao QX, Meng FY. Synergistic effect of panobinostat and bortezomib on chemoresistant acute myelogenous leukemia cells via AKT and NF-κB pathways. Cancer Lett 2012; 326:135-42. [PMID: 22863538 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the synergistic effects of panobinostat and bortezomib on adriamycin-resistant HL60/ADR cells and refractory acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) primary cells. Combination of both agents had synergistic cytotoxicity on these cells, and increased the sensitivity of HL60/ADR cells to adriamycin. Panobinostat plus bortezomib was shown to modulate multiple apoptotic and drug metabolic related molecules, including activation of caspases, down-regulation of XIAP, Bcl-2 and MRP1. These effects were likely to be mediated via inhibition of AKT and NF-κB pathways. These findings provide evidence for clinic protocols using panobinostat and borezomib to overcome drug resistance in refractory AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jie Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang G, Deng Y, Cao X, Lai S, Tong Y, Luo X, Feng Y, Xia X, Gong J, Hu J. Blocking p55PIK signaling inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation of leukemia cells. Cell Death Differ 2012; 19:1870-9. [PMID: 22722333 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2012.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
p55PIK, a regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases, promotes cell cycle progression by interacting with cell cycle modulators such as retinoblastoma protein (Rb) via its unique amino-terminal 24 amino-acid residue (N24). Overexpression of N24 specifically inhibits these interactions and leads to cell cycle arrest. Herein, we describe the generation of a fusion protein (Tat transactivator protein (TAT)-N24) that contains the protein transduction domain and N24, and examined its effects on the proliferation and differentiation of leukemia cells. TAT-N24 not only blocks cell proliferation but remarkably induces differentiation of leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo. Systemically administered TAT-N24 also significantly decreases growth of leukemia cell tumors in animal models. Furthermore, overexpression of p55PIK in leukemia cells leads to increased proliferation; however, TAT-N24 blocks this effect and concomitantly induces differentiation. There is significant upregulation of p55PIK mRNA and protein expression in leukemia cells from patients. TAT-N24 inhibits cell cycle progression and induces differentiation of bone marrow cells derived from patients with several different types of leukemia. These results show that cell-permeable N24 peptide induces leukemia cell differentiation and suggest that p55PIK may be a novel drug target for the treatment of hematopoetic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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30
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Nuclear factor-kappaB as a switch in regulation of resveratrol-mediated apoptosis and erythrocytic differentiation in human leukaemia cells. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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31
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Lalic H, Lukinovic-Skudar V, Banfic H, Visnjic D. Rapamycin enhances dimethyl sulfoxide-mediated growth arrest in human myelogenous leukemia cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:2253-61. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.684351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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32
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Fiume R, Keune WJ, Faenza I, Bultsma Y, Ramazzotti G, Jones DR, Martelli AM, Somner L, Follo MY, Divecha N, Cocco L. Nuclear phosphoinositides: location, regulation and function. Subcell Biochem 2012; 59:335-361. [PMID: 22374096 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-3015-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Lipid signalling in human disease is an important field of investigation and stems from the fact that phosphoinositide signalling has been implicated in the control of nearly all the important cellular pathways including metabolism, cell cycle control, membrane trafficking, apoptosis and neuronal conduction. A distinct nuclear inositide signalling metabolism has been identified, thus defining a new role for inositides in the nucleus, which are now considered essential co-factors for several nuclear processes, including DNA repair, transcription regulation, and RNA dynamics. Deregulation of phoshoinositide metabolism within the nuclear compartment may contribute to disease progression in several disorders, such as chronic inflammation, cancer, metabolic, and degenerative syndromes. In order to utilize these very druggable pathways for human benefit there is a need to identify how nuclear inositides are regulated specifically within this compartment and what downstream nuclear effectors process and integrate inositide signalling cascades in order to specifically control nuclear function. Here we describe some of the facets of nuclear inositide metabolism with a focus on their relationship to cell cycle control and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fiume
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Human Anatomical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,
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Ben-Sasson H, Ben-Meir A, Shushan A, Karra L, Rojansky N, Klein BY, Levitzki R, Ben-Bassat H. All-trans-retinoic acid mediates changes in PI3K and retinoic acid signaling proteins of leiomyomas. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:2080-6. [PMID: 21354561 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.01.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect changes induced by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) on the expression and activation of target proteins of the retinoic acid (RA) and PI3K/Akt pathways involved in leiomyoma growth. DESIGN A study on human tissue cultures. SETTING Hadassah University Hospital. PATIENT(S) Premenopausal women with uterine leiomyomas. INTERVENTION(S) Paired cultures of normal myometrium and leiomyomas, from women undergoing hysterectomy, were obtained. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The effect of ATRA was examined on the expression and phosphorylation of relevant RA, PI3K/Akt, and Bcl2 proteins (immunochemical analysis), cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis. RESULT(S) Applying our cell culture model, we demonstrated that ATRA induced changes in the expression and activation of the RA and PI3K/Akt pathway proteins in leiomyoma cells, with significant increases of alcohol dehydrogenase 1 and cyclin D2 protein levels. In part of the leiomyoma cells, ATRA induced a relative increase of Bax (proapoptotic) as well as a relative decrease of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (proapoptotic). CONCLUSION(S) Our results highlight the involvement of ATRA in the RA and PI3K/Akt pathways, whose specific signaling products may influence the outcome of leiomyoma growth by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and survival. These results might be useful for the on-going research into alternative methods for treating and preventing this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Ben-Sasson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein-Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Abstract
Dysregulation of the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway has been observed in various malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), where the over-expression of ß-catenin is an independent adverse prognostic factor. ß-catenin was found up-regulated in the vast majority of AML samples and more frequently localized in the nucleus of leukemic stem cells compared to normal bone marrow CD34+ cells. The knockdown of ß-catenin, using a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentiviral approach, accelerates ATRA-induced differentiation and impairs the proliferation of HL60 leukemic cell line. Using in vivo quantitative tracking of these cells, we observed a reduced engraftment potential after xenotransplantation when ß-catenin was silenced. However when studying primary AML cells, despite effective down-regulation of ß-catenin we did not observe any impairment of their in vitro long-term maintenance on MS-5 stroma nor of their engraftment potential in vivo. Altogether, these results demonstrate that despite a frequent ß-catenin up-regulation in AML, leukemia initiating cells might not be ‘addicted’ to this pathway and thus targeted therapy against ß-catenin might not be successful in all patients.
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35
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Mise J, Dembitz V, Banfic H, Visnjic D. Combined inhibition of PI3K and mTOR exerts synergistic antiproliferative effect, but diminishes differentiative properties of rapamycin in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Pathol Oncol Res 2011; 17:645-56. [PMID: 21336564 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-011-9365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy has been suggested to enhance rapamycin-based cancer therapy through combining mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-inhibitors with an inhibitor of the phosphatydilinositol 3-kinase PI3K/Akt or mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway. However, recent study demonstrated the potentiating effect of rapamycin on all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-mediated differentiation of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells, prompting us to investigate the effects of longitudinal inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway on both proliferation and differentiative capacity of AML. In NB4, HL-60, U937 and K562 cell lines, rapamycin exerted minimal antiproliferative effects, and combining PI3K inhibitor LY 294002 and rapamycin inhibited proliferation more than LY 294002 alone. Rapamycin potentiated differentiation of ATRA-treated NB4 cells, but the combination of rapamycin and LY 294002 inhibited the expression of CD11b in both ATRA- and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated cells more than PI3K inhibitor alone. These results demonstrate that, although the combination of PI3K inhibitor and rapamycin is more effective in inhibiting proliferation of AML, the concomitant inhibition of PI3K and mTOR by LY 294002 and rapamycin has more inhibitory effects on ATRA-mediated differentiation than the presence of PI3K-inhibitor alone, and diminishes positive effects of rapamycin on leukemia cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josko Mise
- Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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36
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Hsu JW, Huang HC, Chen ST, Wong CH, Juan HF. Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides Induce Macrophage-Like Differentiation in Human Leukemia THP-1 Cells via Caspase and p53 Activation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:358717. [PMID: 19696196 PMCID: PMC3135330 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation therapy by induction of tumor cells is an important method in the treatment of hematological cancers such as leukemia. Tumor cell differentiation ends cancer cells' immortality, thus stopping cell growth and proliferation. In our previous study, we found that fucose-containing polysaccharide fraction F3 extracted from Ganoderma lucidum can bring about cytokine secretion and cell death in human leukemia THP-1 cells. This prompted us to further investigate on how F3 induces the differentiation in human leukemia cells. We integrated time-course microarray analysis and network modeling to study the F3-induced effects on THP-1 cells. In addition, we determined the differentiation effect using Liu's staining, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay, flow cytometer, western blotting and Q-PCR. We also examined the modulation and regulation by F3 during the differentiation process. Dynamic gene expression profiles showed that cell differentiation was induced in F3-treated THP-1 cells. Furthermore, F3-treated THP-1 cells exhibited enhanced macrophage differentiation, as demonstrated by changes in cell adherence, cell cycle arrest, NBT reduction and expression of differentiation markers including CD11b, CD14, CD68, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and myeloperoxidase. In addition, caspase cleavage and p53 activation were found to be significantly enhanced in F3-treated THP-1 cells. We unraveled the role of caspases and p53 in F3-induced THP-1 cells differentiation into macrophages. Our results provide a molecular explanation for the differentiation effect of F3 on human leukemia THP-1 cells and offer a prospect for a potential leukemia differentiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Hsu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Life Science, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, Center for Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
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37
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Nayak S, Shen M, Bunaciu RP, Bloom SE, Varner JD, Yen A. Arsenic trioxide cooperates with all trans retinoic acid to enhance mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and differentiation in PML-RARalpha negative human myeloblastic leukemia cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2010; 51:1734-47. [PMID: 20615082 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2010.501535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) synergistically promotes all trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced differentiation of PML-RARalpha negative HL-60 myeloblastic leukemia cells. In PML-RARalpha positive myeloid leukemia cells, ATO is known to cause degradation of PML-RARalpha with subsequent induced myeloid differentiation. We found that ATO by itself does not cause differentiation of the PML-RARalpha negative HL-60 cells, but enhances ATRA's capability to cause differentiation. ATO augmented ATRA-induced RAF/MEK/ERK axis signaling, expression of CD11b and p47(PHOX), and inducible oxidative metabolism. ATO enhanced ATRA-induced population growth retardation without evidence of apoptosis or enhanced G1/G0 growth arrest. Compared to ATRA-treated cells, the ATRA plus ATO-treated cells progressed more slowly through the cell cycle as detected by a slower rate of accumulation in G2/M following nocodazole treatment. Hoechst/PI staining showed that low-dose ATO did not induce apoptosis. In summary, our results indicate that ATO in conjunction with ATRA is of potential chemotherapeutic use in PML-RARalpha negative leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyaprakash Nayak
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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38
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Kim SH, Yoo JC, Kim TS. Nargenicin enhances 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)- and all-trans retinoic acid-induced leukemia cell differentiation via PKCbetaI/MAPK pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 77:1694-701. [PMID: 19428323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Revised: 02/28/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A major goal in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is to achieve terminal differentiation and prevent drug resistance and side effects. Combined treatment with low doses of ATRA or 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) that do not induce toxicity with another drug is one useful strategy for the treatment of AML. Actinomycetes are the well known sources of antibiotics and bioactive molecules. Previously, we isolated nargenicin from the culture broth of an actinomycete isolate, Nocardia sp. CS682. In this study, we evaluated the effects of nargenicin on cellular differentiation in a human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cell system. Nargenicin inhibited cell proliferation and induced HL-60 cell differentiation when administered in combination with 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) or ATRA. In addition, western blot analyses and kinase inhibitor studies demonstrated that nargenicin primarily enhanced leukemia cell differentiation via PKCbeta1/MAPK pathways. The results of this study indicate that nargenicin has the ability to induce differentiation and suggest that it may be useful for the treatment of neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
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39
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Billottet C, Banerjee L, Vanhaesebroeck B, Khwaja A. Inhibition of Class I Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Activity Impairs Proliferation and Triggers Apoptosis in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia without Affecting Atra-Induced Differentiation. Cancer Res 2009; 69:1027-36. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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The activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase is required during G2/M phase before metaphase–anaphase transition in synchronized leukemia cell lines. Int J Hematol 2009; 89:159-166. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-008-0248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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41
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Sánchez Y, Amrán D, de Blas E, Aller P. Regulation of genistein-induced differentiation in human acute myeloid leukaemia cells (HL60, NB4) Protein kinase modulation and reactive oxygen species generation. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 77:384-96. [PMID: 19038232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Revised: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While it has been reported that genistein induces differentiation in multiple tumour cell models, the signalling and regulation of isoflavone-provoked differentiation are poorly known. We here demonstrate that genistein causes G(2)/M cycle arrest and expression of differentiation markers in human acute myeloid leukaemia cells (HL60, NB4), and cooperates with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in inducing differentiation, while ATRA attenuates the isoflavone-provoked toxicity. Genistein rapidly stimulates Raf-1, MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation/activation, but does not stimulate and instead causes a late decrease in Akt phosphorylation/activation which is attenuated by ATRA. Both differentiation and G(2)/M arrest are attenuated by MEK/ERK inhibitors (PD98059, U0126) and ERK1-/ERK2-directed small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, but not by the p38-MAPK inhibitor SB203580. Genistein stimulates p21(waf1/cip1) and cyclin B1 expression, phosphorylation/activation of ATM and Chk2 kinases, and Tyr15-phosphorylation/inactivation of Cdc2 (Cdk1) kinase, and these effects are attenuated by MEK/ERK inhibitors, while LY294002 also attenuates ERK and ATM phosphorylation. Caffeine abrogates the genistein-provoked G(2)/M blockade and alterations in cell cycle regulatory proteins, and also suppresses differentiation. Finally, genistein causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) over-accumulation, but the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine fails to prevent ERK activation, G(2)/M arrest, and differentiation induction. By contrast, N-acetyl-L-cysteine and p38-MAPK inhibitor attenuate the apoptosis-sensitizing (pro-apoptotic) action of genistein when combined with the antileukaemic agent arsenic trioxide. In summary, genistein-induced differentiation in acute myeloid leukaemia cells is a ROS-independent, Raf-1/MEK/ERK-mediated and PI3K-dependent response, which is coupled and co-regulated with G(2)/M arrest, but uncoupled to the pro-apoptotic action of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Sánchez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Missiroli S, Etro D, Buontempo F, Ye K, Capitani S, Neri LM. Nuclear translocation of active AKT is required for erythroid differentiation in erythropoietin treated K562 erythroleukemia cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 41:570-7. [PMID: 18694847 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Erythroid differentiation of human erythroleukemia cell line K562 induced by erythropoietin is a complex process that involves modifications at nuclear level, including nuclear translocation of phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase. In this work we show that erythropoietin stimulation of K562 cells can induce nuclear translocation of active Akt, a downstream molecule of the phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase signaling pathway. Akt shows a peak of activity in whole cell homogenates at earlier stage when compared to the nucleus, which shows a peak delayed of 10 min. Akt increases its intranuclear amount and activity rapidly and transiently in response to EPO. Almost all Akt kinase that translocates to the nucleus shows a marked phosphorylation on serine 473. Nuclear enzyme translocation is blocked by the phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase inhibitor Ly294002 or Wortmannin. The specific Akt pharmacological inhibitor VI, VII and VIII that act as blocking enzyme activation inhibited translocation as well, whereas Akt inhibitor IX, that inhibits Akt activity, did not block Akt nuclear translocation. When cells were treated by means of siRNA sequences or with the Akt inhibitors the differentiation process was arrested, thus showing the requirement of the nuclear translocation of the active enzyme to differentiate. These findings strongly suggest that the intranuclear translocation of active Akt kinase represents an important step in the signaling pathway that mediates erythropoietin-induced erythroid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Missiroli
- Dipartimento di Morfologia ed Embriologia, Sezione di Anatomia Umana, Signal Transduction Unit, Universita' di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Scholl S, Bondeva T, Liu Y, Clement JH, Höffken K, Wetzker R. Additive effects of PI3-kinase and MAPK activities on NB4 cell granulocyte differentiation: potential role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gamma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2008; 134:861-72. [PMID: 18288489 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-008-0356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Accepted: 12/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) the chromosome translocation t(15;17) resulting in the PML-RAR alpha fusion protein is responsible for a blockage of myeloid differentiation. In this study we investigated the expression of different Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) isoforms during granulocyte differentiation of NB4 cells induced by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), 9-cis-retinoic acid (9cisRA) or retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonists. METHODS NB4 cells were analysed for their ability to differentiate into granulocytic lineage by the use of ATRA, 9cisRA or RAR agonists. Expression of signalling proteins was investigated by western blot and real-time PCR. PI3K activity was determined by in vitro kinase assays. RESULTS Co-treatment of NB4 cells with either LY294002 to inhibit PI3Ks or PD98059 in order to suppress MEK activity led to significant reduction of CD11b surface expression during ATRA, 9cisRA or the RAR alpha agonist Ro40-6055 dependent NB4 cells granulocyte differentiation. We also show that only the G-protein coupled receptor activated PI3Kgamma isoform demonstrates up-regulated protein and mRNA expression during myeloid differentiation of NB4 cells via RAR alpha and RAR beta-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, activation of MAPK cascade including phosphorylation of MEK increases during retinoid induced differentiation of NB4 cells. Interestingly, protein kinase assays of immunoprecipitated PI3Kgamma revealed a protein of about 50 kDa that is phosphorylated when NB4 cells were treated with the RAR alpha agonist Ro40-6055. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data suggest additive effects of PI3K and MAPK activity on ATRA-dependent NB4 cells granulocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Scholl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical Faculty at Friedrich Schiller University, Erlanger Allee 101, 07740, Jena, Germany.
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Hughes PJ, Lee JS, Reiner NE, Brown G. The vitamin D receptor-mediated activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3Kα) plays a role in the 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-stimulated increase in steroid sulphatase activity in myeloid leukaemic cell lines. J Cell Biochem 2008; 103:1551-72. [PMID: 17879954 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this article we show that 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)) stimulates the activity of the class IA phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase PI3Kalpha and its downstream target Akt in HL60, U937 and THP-1 myeloid leukaemic cell lines. Furthermore, we show that the classical nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR(nuc)) is involved in this activation of the PI3K/Akt signalling in these cell lines. We have previously shown that the activity of steroid sulphatase is stimulated in HL60, U937 and THP-1 myeloid leukaemic cell lines by 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) (Hughes et al., [2001] Biochem J 355:361-371; Hughes et al., [2005] J Cell Biochem 94:1175-1189; Hughes and Brown [2006] J Cell Biochem 98:590-617). In this article we show that the 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)-stimulated increase in signalling via the PI3K/Akt pathway plays a role in the increase in steroid sulphatase activity in the HL60 U937 and THP-1 cell lines. We used a variety of pharmacological and biochemical approaches to show that activation of PI3Kalpha mediates the 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)-stimulated increase in steroid sulphatase activity in myeloid leukaemic cells. We also show that the PI3K/Akt dependent activation of NF-kappaB plays a role in the 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)-stimulated increase in steroid sulphatase activity in myeloid leukaemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Hughes
- Division of Immunity and Infection, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Proapoptotic activity and chemosensitizing effect of the novel Akt inhibitor perifosine in acute myelogenous leukemia cells. Leukemia 2007; 22:147-60. [PMID: 17928881 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase Akt, a downstream effector of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), is known to play an important role in antiapoptotic signaling and has been implicated in the aggressiveness of a number of different human cancers including acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). We have investigated the therapeutic potential of the novel Akt inhibitor, perifosine, on human AML cells. Perifosine is a synthetic alkylphospholipid, a new class of antitumor agents, which target plasma membrane and inhibit signal transduction networks. Perifosine was tested on THP-1 and MV 4-11 cell lines, as well as primary leukemia cells. Perifosine treatment induced cell death by apoptosis in AML cell lines. Perifosine caused Akt and ERK 1/2 dephosphorylation as well as caspase activation. In THP-1 cells, the proapoptotic effect of perifosine was partly dependent on the Fas/FasL system and c-jun-N-kinase activation. In MV 4-11 cells, perifosine downregulated phosphorylated Akt, but not phosphorylated FLT3. Moreover, perifosine reduced the clonogenic activity of AML, but not normal, CD34(+) cells, and markedly increased blast cell sensitivity to etoposide. Our findings indicate that perifosine, either alone or in combination with existing drugs, might be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of those AML cases characterized by upregulation of the PI3K-Akt survival pathway.
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Visnjic D, Banfic H. Nuclear phospholipid signaling: phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Pflugers Arch 2007; 455:19-30. [PMID: 17558519 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-007-0288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, numerous studies have demonstrated the existence of nuclear phosphoinositide signaling distinct from the one at the plasma membrane. The activation of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), the generation of diacylglycerol, and the accumulation of the 3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides have been documented in the nuclei of different cell types. In this review, we summarize some recent studies of the subnuclear localization, mechanisms of activation, and the possible physiological roles of the nuclear PI-PLC and PI-3 kinases in the regulation of cell cycle, survival, and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Visnjic
- Department of Physiology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 3, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Tazzari PL, Cappellini A, Ricci F, Evangelisti C, Papa V, Grafone T, Martinelli G, Conte R, Cocco L, McCubrey JA, Martelli AM. Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 expression is under the control of the phosphoinositide 3 kinase/Akt signal transduction network in human acute myelogenous leukemia blasts. Leukemia 2007; 21:427-38. [PMID: 17215852 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A high incidence of relapses following induction chemotherapy is a major hindrance to patient survival in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). There is strong evidence that activation of the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling network plays a significant role in rendering AML blasts drug resistant. An important mechanism underlying drug resistance is represented by overexpression of membrane drug transporters such as multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) or 170-kDa P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Here, we present evidence that MRP1, but not P-gp, expression is under the control of the PI3K/Akt axis in AML blasts. We observed a highly significant correlation between levels of phosphorylated Akt and MRP1 expression in AML cells. Furthermore, incubation of AML blasts with wortmannin, a PI3K pharmacological inhibitor, resulted in lower levels of phosphorylated Akt, downregulated MRP1 expression, and decreased Rhodamine 123 extrusion in an in vitro functional dye efflux assay. We also demonstrate that wortmannin-dependent PI3K/Akt inhibition upregulated p53 protein levels in most AML cases, and this correlated with diminished MRP1 expression and enhanced phosphorylation of murine double minute 2 (MDM2). Taken together, these data suggest that PI3K/Akt activation may lead to the development of chemoresistance in AML blasts through a mechanism involving a p53-dependent suppression of MRP1 expression.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Acute Disease
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Androstadienes/pharmacology
- Bone Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Fluorescent Dyes/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/physiology
- Genes, p53
- Humans
- Jurkat Cells/drug effects
- Jurkat Cells/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/pathology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/biosynthesis
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Osteosarcoma/pathology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/physiology
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/physiology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2/biosynthesis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2/genetics
- Rhodamine 123/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/biosynthesis
- Wortmannin
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Tazzari
- Servizio di Immunoematologia e Trasfusionale, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
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