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Mortlock SA, Asada MC, Soh PXY, Hsu WT, Lee C, Bennett PF, Taylor RM, Khatkar MS, Williamson P. Genomic Analysis of Lymphoma Risk in Bullmastiff Dogs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:703. [PMID: 38133254 PMCID: PMC10747964 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma is the most common haematological malignancy affecting dogs and has a high incidence in the Bullmastiff breed. The aim of this study was to identify risk loci predisposing this breed to the disease. The average age of lymphoma diagnosis in 55 cases was less than 6 years, similar to the median age of 64 cases from our clinical and pathology databases. When fine-scale population structure was explored using NETVIEW, cases were distributed throughout an extended pedigree. When genotyped cases (n = 49) and dogs from the control group (n = 281) were compared in a genome-wide association analysis of lymphoma risk, the most prominent associated regions were detected on CFA13 and CFA33. The top SNPs in a 5.4 Mb region on CFA13 were significant at a chromosome-wide level, and the region was fine-mapped to ~1.2 Mb (CFA13: 25.2-26.4 Mb; CanFam3.1) with four potential functional candidates, including the MYC proto-oncogene bHLH transcription factor (MYC) and a region syntenic with the human and mouse lncRNA Pvt1 oncogene (PVT1). A 380 Kb associated region at CFA33: 7.7-8.1 Mb contained the coding sequence for SUMO specific peptidase7 (SENP7) and NFK inhibitor zeta (NFKBIZ) genes. These genes have annotations related to cancer, amongst others, and both have functional links to MYC regulation. Genomic signatures identified in lymphoma cases suggest that increased risk contributed by the regions identified by GWAS may complement a complex predisposing genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A. Mortlock
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia (M.S.K.)
| | - Monica C. Asada
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia (M.S.K.)
| | - Pamela Xing Yi Soh
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Wei-Tse Hsu
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia (M.S.K.)
| | - Carol Lee
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia (M.S.K.)
| | - Peter F. Bennett
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia (M.S.K.)
| | - Rosanne M. Taylor
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia (M.S.K.)
| | - Mehar S. Khatkar
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia (M.S.K.)
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Peter Williamson
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia (M.S.K.)
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Chon E, Sakthikumar S, Tang M, Hamilton MJ, Vaughan A, Smith A, Sommer B, Robat C, Manley C, Mullin C, Ohashi E, Manor E, Custis J, Intile J, Shiu KB, Parshley L, Bergman N, Sheppard‐Olivares S, Hafeman S, Wright Z, Haworth D, Hendricks W, Wang G. Novel genomic prognostic biomarkers for dogs with cancer. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:2410-2421. [PMID: 37801037 PMCID: PMC10658597 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence from dogs and humans supports the abundance of mutation-based biomarkers in tumors of dogs. Increasing the use of clinical genomic diagnostic testing now provides another powerful data source for biomarker discovery. HYPOTHESIS Analyzed clinical outcomes in dogs with cancer profiled using SearchLight DNA, a cancer gene panel for dogs, to identify mutations with prognostic value. ANIMALS A total of 127 cases of cancer in dogs were analyzed using SearchLight DNA and for which clinical outcome information was available. METHODS Clinical data points were collected by medical record review. Variables including mutated genes, mutations, signalment, and treatment were fitted using Cox proportional hazard models to identify factors associated with progression-free survival (PFS). The log-rank test was used to compare PFS between patients receiving and not receiving targeted treatment before first progression. RESULTS Combined genomic and outcomes analysis identified 336 unique mutations in 89 genes across 26 cancer types. Mutations in 6 genes (CCND1, CCND3, SMARCB1, FANCG, CDKN2A/B, and MSH6) were significantly associated with shorter PFS. Dogs that received targeted treatment before first progression (n = 45) experienced significantly longer PFS compared with those that did not (n = 82, P = .01). This significance held true for 29 dogs that received genomically informed targeted treatment compared with those that did not (P = .05). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE We identified novel mutations with prognostic value and demonstrate the benefit of targeted treatment across multiple cancer types. These results provide clinical evidence of the potential for genomics and precision medicine in dogs with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Chon
- Vidium Animal HealthA Subsidiary of The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen)ScottsdaleArizonaUSA
| | - Sharadha Sakthikumar
- Vidium Animal HealthA Subsidiary of The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen)ScottsdaleArizonaUSA
| | - Min Tang
- STATBEYOND Consulting LLCIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | - Ashley Smith
- Department of Clinical SciencesAuburn University College of Veterinary MedicineAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Breann Sommer
- Wisconsin Veterinary Referral Center by EthosWaukeshaWisconsinUSA
| | - Cecilia Robat
- VCA Veterinary Emergency Service & Veterinary Specialty CenterMiddletonWisconsinUSA
| | | | | | - Emi Ohashi
- VCA Animal Specialty GroupLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Emily Manor
- VCA Advanced Veterinary Care CenterFishersIndianaUSA
| | | | - Joanne Intile
- North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kai Biu Shiu
- VCA Veterinary Emergency Service & Veterinary Specialty CenterMiddletonWisconsinUSA
| | - Lisa Parshley
- Olympia Veterinary Specialists – The Cancer CenterOlympiaWashingtonUSA
| | - Noelle Bergman
- Department of Clinical SciencesAuburn University College of Veterinary MedicineAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | | | - Scott Hafeman
- VCA Highlands Ranch Animal Specialty and Emergency CenterHighlands RanchColoradoUSA
| | | | - David Haworth
- Vidium Animal HealthA Subsidiary of The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen)ScottsdaleArizonaUSA
| | - William Hendricks
- Vidium Animal HealthA Subsidiary of The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen)ScottsdaleArizonaUSA
| | - Guannan Wang
- Vidium Animal HealthA Subsidiary of The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen)ScottsdaleArizonaUSA
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Simultaneous Analysis of the p16 Gene and Protein in Canine Lymphoma Cells and Their Correlation with pRb Phosphorylation. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080393. [PMID: 36006308 PMCID: PMC9416461 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lymphoma is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in dogs. The most common epigenetic alteration is gene methylation. Methylation of the p16 gene leads to decreased expression of its protein. The p16 protein inhibits the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase, as a negative control of the cell cycle to prevent phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (pRb) protein. The methylation of the p16 gene has been reported in canine lymphomas, however, p16 protein expression has not been examined in previous studies. In this study, the gene and protein expression of p16, and phosphorylation of pRb, were examined simultaneously in canine lymphoma/leukemia cell lines treated with or without a demethylation drug in vitro. We identified the hypermethylation of the p16 gene, the decreased expression of p16 protein and the hyperphosphorylation of pRb in four out of eight cell lines. Furthermore, we revealed that the expression of the p16 protein was more stable than that of the p16 gene and more closely related to the phosphorylation of pRb. In conclusion, the p16 protein expression is suggested as a promising biomarker for canine lymphoma cells, and the p16–pRb pathway could be a target for the better treatment of canine lymphomas. Abstract Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16 (CDKN2A) primarily functions as a negative regulator of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) pathway to prevent pRb phosphorylation, thus playing a critical role in cell cycle arrest. In canine lymphoma cells, methylation due to inactivation of the p16 gene has been reported. However, its protein expression has not been examined in previous studies. In our in vitro study, the gene and protein expression of p16 and phosphorylated pRb were examined simultaneously in eight canine lymphoma and leukemia cell lines (17-71, CLBL-1, GL-1, CLC, CLGL-90, Ema, Nody-1, and UL-1). Methylation of the p16 gene was also explored using the demethylation drug 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza). After 5-Aza treatment, p16 gene and protein expression increased and pRb phosphorylation decreased, suggesting that both hypermethylation of the p16 gene and pRb hyperphosphorylation occurred in four out of eight cell lines (CLBL-1, CLC, Nody-1, and UL-1). Moreover, the estimation of p16’s protein expression was better than that of p16’s mRNA expression because the expression of the protein was more stable than those of the gene, and highly related to the phosphorylation of pRb. These results revealed that p16’s protein expression could be a promising biomarker for canine lymphoma cells.
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4
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Morinaga Y, Igase M, Yanase T, Sakai Y, Sakai H, Fujiwara-Igarashi A, Tsujimoto H, Okuda M, Mizuno T. Expression of DEP Domain-Containing 1B in Canine Lymphoma and Other Types of Canine Tumours. J Comp Pathol 2021; 185:55-65. [PMID: 34119232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Canine lymphoma is the most common haematological malignancy in dogs and is typically treated with multidrug chemotherapy. Most cases are at risk of relapse after several courses of chemotherapy and the oncogenic mechanism remains unknown. This study was aimed at identifying genes expressed in canine lymphoma by cDNA microarray. We found elevated expression of Dishevelled, EGL-10 and pleckstrin (DEP) domain-containing 1B (DEPDC1B) in canine lymphoma cells compared with cells and tissues from healthy dogs. Canine DEPDC1B protein was detected in 13 of 41 lymphoma specimens by immunohistochemistry, but was not detected in lymph nodes from normal dogs. Immunoreactive DEPDC1B protein was also detected in several other types of canine tumour. This is the first report documenting the association of DEPDC1B with canine cancer and the results suggest that DEPDC1B might serve as a potential marker or therapeutic target for canine malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Morinaga
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Japan
| | - Masaya Igase
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Japan
| | - Takuma Yanase
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Aki Fujiwara-Igarashi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Okuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takuya Mizuno
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Japan.
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Abstract
Comparative oncology clinical trials play an important and growing role in cancer research and drug development efforts. These trials, typically conducted in companion (pet) dogs, allow assessment of novel anticancer agents and combination therapies in a veterinary clinical setting that supports serial biologic sample collections and exploration of dose, schedule and corresponding pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships. Further, an intact immune system and natural co-evolution of tumour and microenvironment support exploration of novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Substantial improvements in our collective understanding of the molecular landscape of canine cancers have occurred in the past 10 years, facilitating translational research and supporting the inclusion of comparative studies in drug development. The value of the approach is demonstrated in various clinical trial settings, including single-agent or combination response rates, inhibition of metastatic progression and randomized comparison of multiple agents in a head-to-head fashion. Such comparative oncology studies have been purposefully included in the developmental plan for several US FDA-approved and up-and-coming anticancer drugs. Challenges for this field include keeping pace with technology and data dissemination/harmonization, improving annotation of the canine genome and immune system, and generation of canine-specific validated reagents to support integration of correlative biology within clinical trial efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K LeBlanc
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Christina N Mazcko
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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6
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Graves SS, Parker MH, Storb R. Animal Models for Preclinical Development of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. ILAR J 2018; 59:263-275. [PMID: 30010833 PMCID: PMC6808062 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its inception in the 1950s, hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has become a highly effective clinical treatment for malignant and nonmalignant hematological disorders. This milestone in cancer therapy was only possible through decades of intensive research using murine and canine animal models that overcame what appeared in the early days to be insurmountable obstacles. Conditioning protocols for tumor ablation and immunosuppression of the recipient using irradiation and chemotherapeutic drugs were developed in mouse and dog models as well as postgrafting immunosuppression methods essential for dependable donor cell engraftment. The random-bred canine was particularly important in defining the role of histocompatibility barriers and the development of the nonmyeloablative transplantation procedure, making HCT available to elderly patients with comorbidities. Two complications limit the success of HCT: disease relapse and graft versus host disease. Studies in both mice and dogs have made significant progress toward reducing and to some degree eliminating patient morbidity and mortality associated with both disease relapse and graft versus host disease. However, more investigation is needed to make HCT more effective, safer, and available as a treatment modality for other non-life-threatening diseases such as autoimmune disorders. Here, we focus our review on the contributions made by both the murine and canine models for the successful past and future development of HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott S Graves
- Clinical Research Division of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington
| | - Maura H Parker
- Clinical Research Division of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington
| | - Rainer Storb
- Clinical Research Division of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington in Seattle, Washington
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7
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Target-Triggered, Dual Amplification Strategy for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of a Lymphoma-associated MicroRNA. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Ruple A, Avery AC, Morley PS. Differences in the geographic distribution of lymphoma subtypes in Golden retrievers in the USA. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:1590-1597. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Ruple
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - A. C. Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - P. S. Morley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
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9
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Panjwani MK, Smith JB, Schutsky K, Gnanandarajah J, O'Connor CM, Powell DJ, Mason NJ. Feasibility and Safety of RNA-transfected CD20-specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in Dogs with Spontaneous B Cell Lymphoma. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1602-14. [PMID: 27401141 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical murine models of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy are widely applied, but are greatly limited by their inability to model the complex human tumor microenvironment and adequately predict safety and efficacy in patients. We therefore sought to develop a system that would enable us to evaluate CAR T cell therapies in dogs with spontaneous cancers. We developed an expansion methodology that yields large numbers of canine T cells from normal or lymphoma-diseased dogs. mRNA electroporation was utilized to express a first-generation canine CD20-specific CAR in expanded T cells. The canine CD20 (cCD20) CAR expression was efficient and transient, and electroporated T cells exhibited antigen-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secretion and lysed cCD20+ targets. In a first-in-canine study, autologous cCD20-ζ CAR T cells were administered to a dog with relapsed B cell lymphoma. Treatment was well tolerated and led to a modest, but transient, antitumor activity, suggesting that stable CAR expression will be necessary for durable clinical remissions. Our study establishes the methodologies necessary to evaluate CAR T cell therapy in dogs with spontaneous malignancies and lays the foundation for use of outbred canine cancer patients to evaluate the safety and efficacy of next-generation CAR therapies and their optimization prior to translation into humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kazim Panjwani
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jenessa B Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Keith Schutsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Josephine Gnanandarajah
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Powell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicola J Mason
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Richards KL, Suter SE. Man's best friend: what can pet dogs teach us about non-Hodgkin's lymphoma? Immunol Rev 2015; 263:173-91. [PMID: 25510277 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Animal models are essential for understanding lymphoma biology and testing new treatments prior to human studies. Spontaneously arising lymphomas in pet dogs represent an underutilized resource that could be used to complement current mouse lymphoma models, which do not adequately represent all aspects of the human disease. Canine lymphoma resembles human lymphoma in many important ways, including characteristic translocations and molecular abnormalities and similar therapeutic responses to chemotherapy, radiation, and newer targeted therapies (e.g. ibrutinib). Given the large number of pet dogs and high incidence of lymphoma, particularly in susceptible breeds, dogs represent a largely untapped resource for advancing the understanding and treatment of human lymphoma. This review highlights similarities in molecular biology, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes between human and canine lymphoma. It also describes resources that are currently available to study canine lymphoma, advantages to be gained by exploiting the genetic breed structure in dogs, and current and future challenges and opportunities to take full advantage of this resource for lymphoma studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy L Richards
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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11
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Abstract
Key Points
TRAF3 is genetically inactivated in a substantial fraction of cBCLs. Focal genetic loss of TRAF3 is recurrent in human DLBCLs.
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12
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Flesner BK, Kumar SR, Bryan JN. 6-Thioguanine and zebularine down-regulate DNMT1 and globally demethylate canine malignant lymphoid cells. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:290. [PMID: 25480665 PMCID: PMC4272768 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0290-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The antimetabolite 6-thioguanine (6-TG) has been used to treat both human and canine lymphoid malignancies. 6-TG has been shown to be epigenetically active as a demethylating agent in a human lymphoma cell line, causing downregulation of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) through ubiquitin-targeted degradation. Zebularine (Zeb), a similar cytidine analog, also has demethylating activity as well as oral bioavailability. The hypothesis of the present study was that 6-TG and Zeb would cause downregulation of DNMT1 and globally demethylate the genomic DNA of canine lymphoma cells. The secondary hypothesis was that these agents would cause a dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation in canine lymphoma cells. Canine CLGL-90 malignant T cells and CLL 17–7 cells were incubated in modified RPMI media. They were treated with 6-TG, Zeb, or control media at biologically relevant concentrations. Results Following treatment with each agent, DNMT1 protein and global DNA methylation were significantly decreased. A dose-dependent decrease in cell survival was also observed, with apoptosis being the primary mode of cell death in the CLGL-90 cell line. Conclusions These results confirm the demethylating action of 6-TG and Zeb in canine cells which is similar to that shown in human cell lines. Confirmation of this mechanism supports the clinical application of these compounds as demethylating drugs in veterinary patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K Flesner
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Comparative Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, 900 E. Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Current address: School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - Senthil R Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Comparative Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, 900 E. Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Jeffrey N Bryan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Comparative Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, 900 E. Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Ito D, Brewer S, Modiano JF, Beall MJ. Development of a novel anti-canine CD20 monoclonal antibody with diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 56:219-25. [PMID: 24724777 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.914193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In humans, passive immunotherapy with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has created immeasurable improvements in outcomes of patients with B-cell malignancies. However, the lack of comparable reagents has precluded development of this approach in dogs. We developed a novel anti-canine CD20 mAb designated as 6C8. 6C8 recognized the extracellular domain of canine CD20 and showed high-affinity binding to canine CD20 in solution, as well as in its native conformation on canine B-cells. The 6C8 target was expressed invariably in B-cell lineage cells, but not in T-cells or myeloid cells. 6C8 promoted phagocytosis of B-cell lymphoma cells by macrophages, but in its current framework, it did not induce direct cytotoxicity or complement dependent cytotoxicity. In summary, we have established a novel anti-canine CD20 mAb that is useful as a diagnostic tool to phenotype B-cells, and which could be integrated as a tool for passive immunotherapy to treat dogs with B-cell disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ito
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN , USA
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14
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Fujiwara-Igarashi A, Goto-Koshino Y, Sato M, Maeda S, Igarashi H, Takahashi M, Fujino Y, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H. Prognostic significance of the expression levels of the p16, p15, and p14 genes in dogs with high-grade lymphoma. Vet J 2014; 199:236-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Feeney D, Sharkey L, Steward S, Bahr K, Henson M, Ito D, O'Brien T, Jessen C, Husbands B, Borgatti A, Modiano J. Applicability of 3T Body MRI in Assessment of Nonfocal Bone Marrow Involvement of Hematopoietic Neoplasia in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:1165-71. [DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D.A. Feeney
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; University of Minnesota; St. Paul MN
| | - L.C. Sharkey
- Masonic Cancer Center; University of Minnesota; St. Paul MN
| | - S.M. Steward
- Veterinary Medical Center; University of Minnesota; St. Paul MN
| | - K.L. Bahr
- Metropolitan Veterinary Hospital; Akron OH
| | - M.S. Henson
- Masonic Cancer Center; University of Minnesota; St. Paul MN
| | - D. Ito
- Masonic Cancer Center; University of Minnesota; St. Paul MN
| | - T.D. O'Brien
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine; University of Minnesota; St. Paul MN
| | - C.R. Jessen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; University of Minnesota; St. Paul MN
| | | | - A. Borgatti
- Masonic Cancer Center; University of Minnesota; St. Paul MN
| | - J. Modiano
- Masonic Cancer Center; University of Minnesota; St. Paul MN
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16
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Fujiwara-Igarashi A, Goto-Koshino Y, Mochizuki H, Maeda S, Fujino Y, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H. Simultaneous inactivation of the p16, p15 and p14 genes encoding cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in canine T-lymphoid tumor cells. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 75:733-42. [PMID: 23343657 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The p16, p15 and p14 genes are widely known as tumor suppressor genes in human medicine. Although a large number of genetic and epigenetic aberrations in these genes have been reported in human malignancies, canine malignancies have not been well analyzed on the aberrations of these genes. In this study, the full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) of the canine p16 gene was cloned using the 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends methods. Based on the sequence data, primers specific for p16, p15 and p14 were designed. Using these primers, the expression of p16, p15 and p14 mRNAs could be individually evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Genomic aberrations were also examined using genomic polymerase chain reaction. Two of the 6 canine lymphoid tumor cell lines did not express detectable levels of p16, p15 and p14 mRNAs, and wide-ranging deletions in the p15-p14-p16 genomic locus were suspected. Wide-ranging deletions were also speculated in 2 of 14 dogs with T-cell lymphoid tumors. On the other hand, similar failure of amplification suggesting wide-ranging deletions were not observed in any of the 14 dogs with B-cell lymphoma. Deletion of the p15-p14-p16 genomic locus could be one of the molecular aberrations in canine lymphoid tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Fujiwara-Igarashi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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17
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Frantz AM, Sarver AL, Ito D, Phang TL, Karimpour-Fard A, Scott MC, Valli VEO, Lindblad-Toh K, Burgess KE, Husbands BD, Henson MS, Borgatti A, Kisseberth WC, Hunter LE, Breen M, O'Brien TD, Modiano JF. Molecular profiling reveals prognostically significant subtypes of canine lymphoma. Vet Pathol 2012; 50:693-703. [PMID: 23125145 DOI: 10.1177/0300985812465325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We performed genomewide gene expression analysis of 35 samples representing 6 common histologic subtypes of canine lymphoma and bioinformatics analyses to define their molecular characteristics. Three major groups were defined on the basis of gene expression profiles: (1) low-grade T-cell lymphoma, composed entirely by T-zone lymphoma; (2) high-grade T-cell lymphoma, consisting of lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified; and (3) B-cell lymphoma, consisting of marginal B-cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and Burkitt lymphoma. Interspecies comparative analyses of gene expression profiles also showed that marginal B-cell lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in dogs and humans might represent a continuum of disease with similar drivers. The classification of these diverse tumors into 3 subgroups was prognostically significant, as the groups were directly correlated with event-free survival. Finally, we developed a benchtop diagnostic test based on expression of 4 genes that can robustly classify canine lymphomas into one of these 3 subgroups, enabling a direct clinical application for our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Frantz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
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18
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Ito D, Frantz AM, Williams C, Thomas R, Burnett RC, Avery AC, Breen M, Mason NJ, O'Brien TD, Modiano JF. CD40 ligand is necessary and sufficient to support primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells in culture: a tool for in vitro preclinical studies with primary B-cell malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:1390-8. [PMID: 22229753 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.654337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Established cell lines are utilized extensively to study tumor biology and preclinical therapeutic development. However, they may not accurately recapitulate the heterogeneity of their corresponding primary disease. B-cell tumor cells are especially difficult to maintain under conventional culture conditions, limiting access to samples that faithfully represent this disease for preclinical studies. Here, we used primary canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma to establish a culture system that reliably supports the growth of these cells. CD40 ligand, either expressed by feeder cells or provided as a soluble two-trimeric form, was sufficient to support primary lymphoma cells in vitro. The tumor cells retained their original phenotype, clonality and known karyotypic abnormalities after extended expansion in culture. Finally, we illustrate the utility of the feeder cell-free culture system for comparable assessment of cytotoxicity using dog and human B-cell malignancies. We conclude that this system has broad applications for in vitro preclinical development for B-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ito
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 5455, USA.
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19
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Ito D, Endicott MM, Jubala CM, Helm KM, Burnett RC, Husbands BD, Borgatti A, Henson MS, Burgess KE, Bell JS, Kisseberth WC, Valli VE, Cutter GR, Avery AC, Hahn KA, O'Brien TD, Modiano JF. A tumor-related lymphoid progenitor population supports hierarchical tumor organization in canine B-cell lymphoma. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25:890-6. [PMID: 21777289 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0756.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumors have heterogeneous properties, which could be explained by the existence of hierarchically and biologically distinct tumor cells such as tumor-initiating cells (TICs). This model is clinically important, as TICs are promising targets for cancer therapies. However, TICs in spontaneous B-cell lymphoma have not been conclusively identified. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Tumor cells with a progenitor phenotype exist in B-cell lymphoma, reflecting a hierarchical organization. ANIMALS Twenty-eight client-owned dogs with previously untreated B-cell lymphoma and 6 healthy dogs. METHODS This was a prospective study. Flow cytometry was used to identify lymphoid progenitor cells (LPCs) that coexpressed hematopoietic progenitor antigens CD34, CD117, and CD133, with lymphoid differentiation markers CD21 and/or CD22 in B-cell lymphoma. The polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangements was used to analyze clonality and relatedness of tumor populations. A xenograft model with NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγ(-/-) mice was adapted to expand and serially transplant primary canine B-cell lymphoma. RESULTS LPCs were expanded in lymph nodes from 28 dogs with B-cell lymphoma compared with 6 healthy dogs (P= .0022). LPCs contained a clonal antigen receptor gene rearrangement identical to that of the bulk of tumor cells. Canine B-cell lymphoma xenografts in recipient mice that maintained LPCs in the tumors were recurrently observed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE These results suggest the presence of a hierarchy of tumor cells in B-cell lymphoma as has been demonstrated in other cancers. These findings have the potential to impact not only the understanding of lymphoma pathogenesis but also the development of lymphoma therapies by providing novel targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ito
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA.
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20
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Thomas R, Seiser EL, Motsinger-Reif A, Borst L, Valli VE, Kelley K, Suter SE, Argyle D, Burgess K, Bell J, Lindblad-Toh K, Modiano JF, Breen M. Refining tumor-associated aneuploidy through 'genomic recoding' of recurrent DNA copy number aberrations in 150 canine non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 52:1321-35. [PMID: 21375435 PMCID: PMC4304668 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.559802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the genomic regions most intimately associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) pathogenesis is confounded by the genetic heterogeneity of human populations. We hypothesize that the restricted genetic variation of purebred dogs, combined with the contrasting architecture of the human and canine karyotypes, will increase the penetrance of fundamental NHL-associated chromosomal aberrations in both species. We surveyed non-random aneuploidy in 150 canine NHL cases, revealing limited genomic instability compared to their human counterparts and no evidence for CDKN2A/B deletion in canine B-cell NHL. 'Genomic recoding' of canine NHL data into a 'virtual human' chromosome format showed remarkably few regions of copy number aberration (CNA) shared between both species, restricted to regions of dog chromosomes 13 and 31, and human chromosomes 8 and 21. Our data suggest that gene discovery in NHL may be enhanced through comparative studies exploiting the less complex association between CNAs and tumor pathogenesis in canine patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Thomas
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Eric L. Seiser
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Alison Motsinger-Reif
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Department of Statistics, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Patterson Hall, 2501 Founders Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Cancer Genetics Program, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Luke Borst
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Victor E. Valli
- VDx Veterinary Diagnostics, 2019 Anderson Rd Suite C, Davis CA 95616, USA
| | - Kathryn Kelley
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Steven E. Suter
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Cancer Genetics Program, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - David Argyle
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland, UK
| | - Kristine Burgess
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| | - Jerold Bell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jaime F. Modiano
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Cancer Genetics Program, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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21
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Hedan B, Thomas R, Motsinger-Reif A, Abadie J, Andre C, Cullen J, Breen M. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of canine histiocytic sarcoma: A spontaneous model for human histiocytic cancer identifies deletion of tumor suppressor genes and highlights influence of genetic background on tumor behavior. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:201. [PMID: 21615919 PMCID: PMC3121728 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Histiocytic malignancies in both humans and dogs are rare and poorly understood. While canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is uncommon in the general domestic dog population, there is a strikingly high incidence in a subset of breeds, suggesting heritable predisposition. Molecular cytogenetic profiling of canine HS in these breeds would serve to reveal recurrent DNA copy number aberrations (CNAs) that are breed and/or tumor associated, as well as defining those shared with human HS. This process would identify evolutionarily conserved cytogenetic changes to highlight regions of particular importance to HS biology. Methods Using genome wide array comparative genomic hybridization we assessed CNAs in 104 spontaneously occurring HS from two breeds of dog exhibiting a particularly elevated incidence of this tumor, the Bernese Mountain Dog and Flat-Coated Retriever. Recurrent CNAs were evaluated further by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization and loss of heterozygosity analyses. Statistical analyses were performed to identify CNAs associated with tumor location and breed. Results Almost all recurrent CNAs identified in this study were shared between the two breeds, suggesting that they are associated more with the cancer phenotype than with breed. A subset of recurrent genomic imbalances suggested involvement of known cancer associated genes in HS pathogenesis, including deletions of the tumor suppressor genes CDKN2A/B, RB1 and PTEN. A small number of aberrations were unique to each breed, implying that they may contribute to the major differences in tumor location evident in these two breeds. The most highly recurrent canine CNAs revealed in this study are evolutionarily conserved with those reported in human histiocytic proliferations, suggesting that human and dog HS share a conserved pathogenesis. Conclusions The breed associated clinical features and DNA copy number aberrations exhibited by canine HS offer a valuable model for the human counterpart, providing additional evidence towards elucidation of the pathophysiological and genetic mechanisms associated with histiocytic malignancies. Extrapolation of data derived from canine histiocytic disorders to human histiocytic proliferation may help to further our understanding of the propagation and cancerization of histiocytic cells, contributing to development of new and effective therapeutic modalities for both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Hedan
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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22
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Bienzle D, Vernau W. The Diagnostic Assessment of Canine Lymphoma: Implications for Treatment. Clin Lab Med 2011; 31:21-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Bryan JN, Jabbes M, Berent LM, Arthur GL, Taylor KH, Rissetto KC, Henry CJ, Rahmatpanah F, Rankin WV, Villamil JA, Lewis MR, Caldwell CW. Hypermethylation of the DLC1 CpG island does not alter gene expression in canine lymphoma. BMC Genet 2009; 10:73. [PMID: 19912643 PMCID: PMC2784477 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-10-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study is a comparative epigenetic evaluation of the methylation status of the DLC1 tumor suppressor gene in naturally-occurring canine lymphoma. Canine non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has been proposed to be a relevant preclinical model that occurs spontaneously and may share causative factors with human NHL due to a shared home environment. The canine DLC1 mRNA sequence was derived from normal tissue. Using lymphoid samples from 21 dogs with NHL and 7 normal dogs, the methylation status of the promoter CpG island of the gene was defined for each sample using combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA), methylation-specific PCR (MSP), and bisulfite sequencing methods. Relative gene expression was determined using real-time PCR. Results The mRNA sequence of canine DLC1 is highly similar to the human orthologue and contains all protein functional groups, with 97% or greater similarity in functional regions. Hypermethylation of the 5' and 3' flanking regions of the promoter was statistically significantly associated with the NHL phenotype, but was not associated with silencing of expression or differences in survival. Conclusion The canine DLC1 is constructed highly similarly to the human gene, which has been shown to be an important tumor suppressor in many forms of cancer. As in human NHL, the promoter CpG island of DLC1 in canine NHL samples is abnormally hypermethylated, relative to normal lymphoid tissue. This study confirms that hypermethylation occurs in canine cancers, further supporting the use of companion dogs as comparative models of disease for evaluation of carcinogenesis, biomarker diagnosis, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey N Bryan
- Dept of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, 65211, USA.
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24
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Nadella MVP, Kisseberth WC, Nadella KS, Thudi NK, Thamm DH, McNiel EA, Yilmaz A, Boris-Lawrie K, Rosol TJ. NOD/SCID mouse model of canine T-cell lymphoma with humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy: cytokine gene expression profiling and in vivo bioluminescent imaging. Vet Comp Oncol 2009; 6:39-54. [PMID: 19178662 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2007.00139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma is a malignant neoplasm arising from B or T lymphocytes. In dogs, one-third of lymphomas are highly aggressive multicentric T-cell lymphomas that are often associated with humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy (HHM). There are no cell lines or animal models to investigate the pathogenesis of T-cell lymphoma and HHM in dogs. We developed the first xenograft model by injecting lymphoma cells from an Irish Wolfhound intraperitoneally into NOD/SCID mice. The mice developed multicentric lymphoma along with HHM and increased parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) as occurs in dogs with T-cell lymphoma. Using cytokine complementary DNA arrays, we identified genes that have potential implications in the pathogenesis of T-cell lymphoma. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of T-cell lymphoma samples from hypercalcaemic canine patients showed that PTHrP likely plays a central role in the pathogenesis of HHM and that hypercalcaemia is the result of a combinatorial effect of different hypercalcaemic factors. Finally, we monitored in vivo tumour progression and metastases in the mouse model by transducing the lymphoma cells with a lentiviral vector that encodes a luciferase-yellow fluorescent protein reporter and showed that in vivo trafficking patterns in this model were similar to those seen in dogs. This unique mouse model will be useful for translational research in lymphoma and for investigating the pathogenesis of T-cell lymphoma and HHM in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V P Nadella
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA
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25
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Abstract
DNA structural variation (SV) comprises a major portion of genetic diversity, but its biological impact is unclear. We propose that the genetic history and extraordinary phenotypic variation of dogs make them an ideal mammal in which to study the effects of SV on biology and disease. The hundreds of existing dog breeds were created by selection of extreme morphological and behavioral traits. And along with those traits, each breed carries increased risk for different diseases. We used array CGH to create the first map of DNA copy number variation (CNV) or SV in dogs. The extent of this variation, and some of the gene classes affected, are similar to those of mice and humans. Most canine CNVs affect genes, including disease and candidate disease genes, and are thus likely to be functional. We identified many CNVs that may be breed or breed class specific. Cluster analysis of CNV regions showed that dog breeds tend to group according to breed classes. Our combined findings suggest many CNVs are (1) in linkage disequilibrium with flanking sequence, and (2) associated with breed-specific traits. We discuss how a catalog of structural variation in dogs will accelerate the identification of the genetic basis of canine traits and diseases, beginning with the use of whole genome association and candidate-CNV/gene approaches.
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26
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Lurie DM, Milner RJ, Suter SE, Vernau W. Immunophenotypic and cytomorphologic subclassification of T-cell lymphoma in the boxer breed. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 125:102-10. [PMID: 18579219 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Revised: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The boxer breed is at high risk for developing lymphoma and, in contrast to the general canine population, is predisposed to the T-cell variant of the disease. The purpose of this study was to more accurately classify lymphoma in this breed. Clinical, cytomorphologic and immunophenotypic data were examined in 43 boxers with lymphoma. Twenty-five cases were collected prospectively and a further 18 cases were obtained retrospectively. Lymphomas were classified as multicentric (n=29), mediastinal (n=6) and intestinal (n=8). Of the 40 immunophenotyped samples, 34 (85%) were T-cell, 5 (12.5%) were B-cell and 1 was a non-B-cell non-T-cell lymphoma. Immunophenotypic subtyping was done on prospectively collected T-cell lymphoma samples (n=22) to differentiate CD4 (helper) from CD8 (cytotoxic) T-cell origin as well as to determine the T-cell receptor (TCR) expression (TCRalphabeta vs. TCRdeltagamma). Phenotypic expression was CD4+ (n=12), double negative (DN) (n=6), double positive (DP) (n=1) and CD8+ (n=1), respectively, while two samples had no interpretable result. 20/22 samples were TCRalphabeta+ with only 1 sample being TCRdeltagamma+ and 1 with no interpretable result. Cytomorphologic analysis was done on the same 22 samples using the World Health Organization (WHO) classification scheme. According to this scheme, 17/22 samples were classified as lymphoblastic, 2/22 as large cell peripheral T-cell lymphoma-not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), 2/22 as large granular lymphoma (LGL) high-grade and 1/22 as small lymphocytic. The results of this study indicate that lymphoma in the boxer breed is a disease comprised predominantly of TCRalphabeta+, CD4+ (helper) T-cells with lymphoblastic (high-grade) morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Lurie
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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27
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Fosmire SP, Thomas R, Jubala CM, Wojcieszyn JW, Valli VEO, Getzy DM, Smith TL, Gardner LA, Ritt MG, Bell JS, Freeman KP, Greenfield BE, Lana SE, Kisseberth WC, Helfand SC, Cutter GR, Breen M, Modiano JF. Inactivation of the p16 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor in high-grade canine non-Hodgkin's T-cell lymphoma. Vet Pathol 2007; 44:467-78. [PMID: 17606508 DOI: 10.1354/vp.44-4-467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The significance of p16/Rb tumor suppressor pathway inactivation in T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) remains incompletely understood. We used naturally occurring canine NHL to test the hypothesis that p16 inactivation has specific pathologic correlates. Forty-eight samples (22 T-cell NHL and 26 B-cell NHL) were included. As applicable, metaphase- or array-based comparative genomic hybridization, Southern blotting, promoter methylation, and Rb phosphorylation were used to determine the presence, expression, and activity of p16. Fisher's exact test was used to test for significance. Deletion of p16 (or loss of dog chromosome 11) was restricted to high-grade T-cell NHL (lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified). These were characterized by a concomitant increase of tumor cells with Rb phosphorylation at canonical CDK4 sites. Rb phosphorylation also was seen in high-grade B-cell NHL (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt-type lymphoma), but in those cases, it appeared to be associated with c-Myc overexpression. The data show that p16 deletion or inactivation occurs almost exclusively in high-grade T-cell NHL; however, alternative pathways can generate functional phenotypes of Rb deficiency in low-grade T-cell NHL and in high-grade B-cell NHL. Both morphologic classification according to World Health Organization criteria and assessment of Rb phosphorylation are prognostically valuable parameters for canine NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Fosmire
- Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, AMC Campus, 1600 Pierce, Denver, CO 80214, USA
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28
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Kisseberth WC, Nadella MVP, Breen M, Thomas R, Duke SE, Murahari S, Kosarek CE, Vernau W, Avery AC, Burkhard MJ, Rosol TJ. A novel canine lymphoma cell line: a translational and comparative model for lymphoma research. Leuk Res 2007; 31:1709-20. [PMID: 17532464 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2006] [Revised: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel canine lymphoma cell line, OSW, was established from the malignant pleural effusion of a dog with peripheral T-cell lymphoma. The immunoprofile as determined by flow cytometry was as follows: positive for CD45, CD49d, CD18, CD11a; weakly positive for CD11b, CD11c, CD11d; and negative for CD45RA, CD1a, CD1c, CD3, TCRalphabeta, TCRgammadelta, CD4, CD5, CD8a, CD8b, CD90(Thy1), CD21, MHCII, CD14(TUK4), CD34, and MPO. Immunocytochemistry of cytospin preparations was negative for cytoplasmic CD3, CD79a, and MPO, but was positive for CD20. The cell line had an oligoclonal T-cell receptor gamma (TCRgamma) gene rearrangement. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and single locus probe (SLP) analysis showed that there were copy number increases of loci on dog chromosome 13 (CFA 13), and copy number decreases were evident for regions of CFA 11, 22, 26, 30 and 32, which include several of the more common chromosomal aberrations reported previously in canine lymphoma. The OSW cell line grows rapidly in vitro and is tumorigenic as a xenograft in SCID/NOD mice. OSW represents one of only a few reported canine lymphoma cell lines and is the most thoroughly characterized. This cell line and xenograft represent significant in vitro and in vivo models, respectively, for comparative and translational lymphoma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Kisseberth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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