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Raslan MA. Natural Products for the Treatment of Drug Addiction: Narrative Review. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200702. [PMID: 36285806 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is considered a chronic disorder affecting the individual's life, his/her family and society. Up till now the treatment of drug addiction is considered a problematic issue. Synthetic drugs available for the treatment of drug addiction are few, of limited efficacy and associated with serious side effects. Therefore, there is a continuous search for better therapeutic agents for drug addiction. Natural products represent a promising source for drug addiction treatment. This review summaries drug addiction definition, its mechanism of action, its types, its diagnosis, factors affecting its development and different available approaches for its treatment especially the use of natural products. Six plants were discussed thoroughly in this review, including, Tabernanthe iboga Baill., Mitragyna speciosa Korth., Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Sanjappa & Pradeep, Hypericum perforatum L., Panax ginseng C.A. Mey., and Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A Raslan
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
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Hua KF, Chao AC, Lin TY, Chen WT, Lee YC, Hsu WH, Lee SL, Wang HM, Yang DI, Ju TC. Ginsenoside compound K reduces the progression of Huntington's disease via the inhibition of oxidative stress and overactivation of the ATM/AMPK pathway. J Ginseng Res 2021; 46:572-584. [PMID: 35818427 PMCID: PMC9270658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Konrath EL, Arbo MD, Arbo BD, Hort MA, Elisabetsky E, Leal MB. Plants with Anti-Addictive Potential. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1308:185-215. [PMID: 33861445 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64872-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction is prevalent among individuals of modern society, being a major cause of disability and premature loss of life. Although the drug addiction have profound social, economical and health impact in the world population, its management remains a challenge as available pharmacological treatments remains ineffective for most people. The limited efficacy and adverse effects have led to a search for alternative therapies to treat drug addiction. In this context, natural products are an important source for new chemical substances with a potential therapeutic applicability. Therefore, this chapter will present data obtained after an extensive literature search regarding the use of medicinal plants as a pharmacological alternative for drug addiction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Luis Konrath
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dutra Arbo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruno Dutra Arbo
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana Appel Hort
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Elaine Elisabetsky
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mirna Bainy Leal
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Antimania-Like Effect of Panax ginseng Regulating the Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in REM-Sleep Deprivation Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3636874. [PMID: 33123570 PMCID: PMC7586145 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3636874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown the therapeutic properties of ginseng and ginsenosides on hyperactive and impulsive behaviors in several psychiatric diseases. Herein, we investigated the effect of Panax ginseng Meyer (PG) on hyperactive/impulsive behaviors in a manic-like animal model, sleep deprivation (SD) rats. Male rats were sleep-deprived for 48 h, and PG (200 mg/kg) was administered for 4 days, from 2 days prior to the start of SD to the end date of SD. The elevated plus maze (EPM) test showed that PG alleviated the increased frequency of entries into and spent time within open arms by SD. In order to investigate the molecular mechanism on this effect of PG, we assessed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the prefrontal cortex of PG-treated SD rats using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and performed gene-enrichment analysis for DEGs. The gene-enrichment analysis showed that PG most prominently affected the glutamatergic synapse pathway. Among the glutamatergic synapse pathway genes, particularly, PG enhanced the expressions of glutamate transporter Slc1a3 and Slc1a2 reduced in SD rats. Moreover, we found that PG could inhibit the SD-induced phosphorylation of the NR2A subunit of the NMDA receptor. These results suggested that PG might have a therapeutic effect against the manic-like behaviors, regulating the glutamatergic neurotransmission.
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Mitigating Effects of Liriope platyphylla on Nicotine-Induced Behavioral Sensitization and Quality Control of Compounds. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10090654. [PMID: 32967122 PMCID: PMC7566016 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10090654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigated the mitigating effects of Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang extract on behavioral sensitization and the quantification of its major compounds. The extract of L. platyphylla reduces the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein, which is increased by nicotine, back to normal levels, and increases the expression of dopamine transporter (DAT) protein, which is reduced by nicotine, back to normal levels in PC12 cells. In this study, rats received nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, subcutaneously) only for seven days and then received extract of L. platyphylla (200 or 400 mg/kg, oral) 1 h prior to nicotine administration for an additional seven days. The extract of L. platyphylla reduced locomotor activity compared to the nicotine control group in rats. The extract of L. platyphylla significantly attenuated the repeated nicotine-induced DAT protein expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), but there was no effect on increased TH protein expression in the dorsal striatum. These findings suggest that L. platyphylla extract has a mitigating effect on nicotine-induced behavioral sensitization by modulating DAT protein expression in the NAc. For quality control of L. plathyphylla, spicatoside A and D, which are saponin compounds, were quantified in the L. platyphylla extract. The amounts of spicatoside A and D in L. platyphylla extract obtained from ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry were 0.148 and 0.272 mg/g, respectively. The identification of these compounds in L. platyphylla, which can be used for quality control, provides important information for the development of drugs to treat nicotine dependence.
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Taherianfard M, Aalami S. Effects of Pretreatment With Ginseng Extract on Dopamine D2 Receptor Analgesia. Basic Clin Neurosci 2020; 11:587-593. [PMID: 33643552 PMCID: PMC7878063 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.10.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The ginseng extract is an herb that has been used for many purposes such as analgesic effect. Dopamine D2 receptors are involved in the regulation of pain in humans. Therefore, the present investigation aims to study how pretreatment with aqueous-alcoholic extract of ginseng can affect dopamine D2 receptors’ pain sensitivity. Methods: We used 45 adult male rats weighing 250±20 for this study. Animals were maintained in a standard condition at a temperature of 21°C–24°C. The experimental groups were as follows: 1. Sham 1 (intraperitoneal [IP] injection of normal saline); 2. Sham 2 (intracerebroventricular [ICV] injection of artificial cerebrospinal fluid [ACSF]); 3. Experimental 1 (IP injection of ginseng extract); 4 and 5. Experimental groups 2 and 3 (IP injection of ginseng extract + bromocriptine 10 and 30 μg/rat by ICV injection); 6 and 7) experimental groups 4 and 5 (IP injection of ginseng extract + chlorpromazine 20 and 40 μg/rat by ICV injection). Ginseng extract 100 mg/kg/d was used for 7 days. Pain sensitivity test was done in all groups with the formalin test. Lateral ventricles of the rats were cannulated unilaterally by the stereotaxic procedure. Results: Our data showed that ginseng (100 mg/kg/d) significantly (P<0.05) decreased pain sensitivity compared to the sham 1 group. Bromocriptine in two doses significantly decreased pain sensitivity compared to the sham 2 group. Chlorpromazine in high doses significantly increased pain sensitivity compared to the sham 2 group. Conclusion: The present results indicate that ginseng can modulate the D2 receptor of the dopamine system in the control of pain sensitivity in the formalin test. Because bromocriptine and ginseng have similar effects, it seems that they had synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Taherianfard
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Somaye Aalami
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Zhu W, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Lu L. Chinese Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Drug Addiction. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 135:279-295. [PMID: 28807162 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This chapter summarizes recent developments in preclinical and clinical research on Chinese herbal medicines and their neurochemical mechanism of action for the treatment of drug addiction. We searched Chinese and English scientific literature and selected several kinds of Chinese herbal medicines that have beneficial effects on drug addiction. Ginseng (Renshen) may be clinically useful for the prevention of opioid abuse and dependence. Rhizoma Corydalis (Yanhusuo) may be used to prevent relapse to chronic drug dependence. Alkaloids of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Gouteng) appear to have positive effects on methamphetamine and ketamine addiction. Both Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) and Radix Pueraiae (Gegen) have beneficial inhibitory effects on alcohol intake. Sinomenine has been shown to have preventive and curative effects on opioid dependence. l-Stepholidine, an alkaloid extract of the Chinese herb Stephania intermedia (Rulan), attenuated the acquisition, maintenance, and reacquisition of morphine-induced conditioned place preference and antagonized the heroin-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking. Traditional Chinese herbal medicines may be used to complement current treatments for drug addiction, including withdrawal and relapse. As the molecular mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese herbal medicines are elucidated, further advances in their use for the treatment of drug addiction are promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Zhu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Huang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing, China.
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Kim HJ, Kim P, Shin CY. A comprehensive review of the therapeutic and pharmacological effects of ginseng and ginsenosides in central nervous system. J Ginseng Res 2013; 37:8-29. [PMID: 23717153 PMCID: PMC3659622 DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2013.37.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng is one of the most widely used herbal medicines in human. Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are most widely investigated diseases among all others in respect to the ginseng’s therapeutic effects. These include Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, cerebral ischemia, depression, and many other neurological disorders including neurodevelopmental disorders. Not only the various types of diseases but also the diverse array of target pathways or molecules ginseng exerts its effect on. These range, for example, from neuroprotection to the regulation of synaptic plasticity and from regulation of neuroinflammatory processes to the regulation of neurotransmitter release, too many to mention. In general, ginseng and even a single compound of ginsenoside produce its effects on multiple sites of action, which make it an ideal candidate to develop multi-target drugs. This is most important in CNS diseases where multiple of etiological and pathological targets working together to regulate the final pathophysiology of diseases. In this review, we tried to provide comprehensive information on the pharmacological and therapeutic effects of ginseng and ginsenosides on neurodegenerative and other neurological diseases. Side by side comparison of the therapeutic effects in various neurological disorders may widen our understanding of the therapeutic potential of ginseng in CNS diseases and the possibility to develop not only symptomatic drugs but also disease modifying reagents based on ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Advanced Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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Effects of Korean red ginseng extracts on neural tube defects and impairment of social interaction induced by prenatal exposure to valproic acid. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 51:288-96. [PMID: 23104247 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ginseng is one of the most widely used medicinal plants, which belongs to the genus Panax. Compared to uncured white ginseng, red ginseng has been generally regarded to produce superior pharmacological effects with lesser side/adverse effects, which made it popular in a variety of formulation from tea to oriental medicine. Using the prenatal valproic acid (VPA)-injection model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in rats, which produces social impairrment and altered seizure susceptibility as in human ASD patients as well as mild neural tube defects like crooked tail phenotype, we examined whether chronic administration of red ginseng extract may rescue the social impairment and crooked tail phenotype in prenatally VPA-exposed rat offspring. VPA-induced impairment in social interactions tested using sociability and social preference paradigms as well as crooked tail phenotypes were significantly improved by administration of Korean red ginseng (KRG) in a dose dependent manner. Rat offspring prenatally exposed to VPA showed higher sensitivity to electric shock seizure and increased locomotor activity in open-field test. KRG treatment reversed abnormal locomotor activity and sensitivity to electric shock to control level. These results suggest that KRG may modulate neurobehavioral and structural organization of nervous system adversely affected by prenatal exposure to VPA.
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Lee MH, Choi SW, Kim EJ. Differential Anti-Carcinogenic Effect of Mountain Cultivated Ginseng and Ginseng on Mouse Skin Carcinogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.4.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Garza JC, Guo M, Zhang W, Lu XY. Leptin increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis in vivo and in vitro. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:18238-47. [PMID: 18367451 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800053200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin, an adipose-derived hormone, has been implicated in several physiological processes involving the hippocampus. However, the role of leptin in adult hippocampal neurogenesis remains unknown. Here we show that leptin regulates neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult mice as well as in cultured adult hippocampal progenitor cells. Chronic administration of leptin to adult mice increased cell proliferation without significant effects on the differentiation and the survival of newly proliferated cells in the dentate gyrus. The expression of the long form leptin receptor, LepRb, was detected in hippocampal progenitor cells by reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Leptin treatment also increased proliferation of cultured adult hippocampal progenitor cells. Analysis of signal transduction pathways revealed that leptin stimulated phosphorylation of Akt and STAT3 but not ERK1/2. Furthermore, pre-treating the cells with specific inhibitors of Akt or STAT3 attenuated leptin-induced cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, our results support a role for leptin in adult hippocampal neurogenesis and suggest the involvement of the Akt and STAT3 signaling pathways in mediating the actions of leptin on neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Garza
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Lee B, Yang CH, Hahm DH, Lee HJ, Han SM, Kim KS, Shim I. Inhibitory Effects of Ginseng Total Saponins on Behavioral Sensitization and Dopamine Release Induced by Cocaine. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:436-41. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- BomBi Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Chae Ha Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University
| | - Dae-Hyun Hahm
- Acupuncture and Meridianology Scientific Research Center, Kyung Hee University
| | - Hye-Jung Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridianology Scientific Research Center, Kyung Hee University
| | - Seung-Moo Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University
| | - Kyung-Soo Kim
- Department of Integrative Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Department of Integrative Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
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