1
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Sanceau J, Poupel L, Joubel C, Lagoutte I, Caruso S, Pinto S, Desbois-Mouthon C, Godard C, Hamimi A, Montmory E, Dulary C, Chantalat S, Roehrig A, Muret K, Saint-Pierre B, Deleuze JF, Mouillet-Richard S, Forné T, Grosset CF, Zucman-Rossi J, Colnot S, Gougelet A. DLK1/DIO3 locus upregulation by a β-catenin-dependent enhancer drives cell proliferation and liver tumorigenesis. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1125-1143. [PMID: 38311851 PMCID: PMC11163201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The CTNNB1 gene, encoding β-catenin, is frequently mutated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, ∼30%) and in hepatoblastoma (HB, >80%), in which DLK1/DIO3 locus induction is correlated with CTNNB1 mutations. Here, we aim to decipher how sustained β-catenin activation regulates DLK1/DIO3 locus expression and the role this locus plays in HB and HCC development in mouse models deleted for Apc (ApcΔhep) or Ctnnb1-exon 3 (β-cateninΔExon3) and in human CTNNB1-mutated hepatic cancer cells. We identified an enhancer site bound by TCF-4/β-catenin complexes in an open conformation upon sustained β-catenin activation (DLK1-Wnt responsive element [WRE]) and increasing DLK1/DIO3 locus transcription in β-catenin-mutated human HB and mouse models. DLK1-WRE editing by CRISPR-Cas9 approach impaired DLK1/DIO3 locus expression and slowed tumor growth in subcutaneous CTNNB1-mutated tumor cell grafts, ApcΔhep HB and β-cateninΔExon3 HCC. Tumor growth inhibition resulted either from increased FADD expression and subsequent caspase-3 cleavage in the first case or from decreased expression of cell cycle actors regulated by FoxM1 in the others. Therefore, the DLK1/DIO3 locus is an essential determinant of FoxM1-dependent cell proliferation during β-catenin-driven liver tumorigenesis. Targeting the DLK1-WRE enhancer to silence the DLK1/DIO3 locus might thus represent an interesting therapeutic strategy to restrict tumor growth in primary liver cancers with CTNNB1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Sanceau
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Team « Oncogenic functions of beta-catenin signaling in the liver », Équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France; APHP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Lucie Poupel
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Team « Oncogenic functions of beta-catenin signaling in the liver », Équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France; APHP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, F-75015 Paris, France; Inovarion, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Camille Joubel
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Team « Oncogenic functions of beta-catenin signaling in the liver », Équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France; APHP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Lagoutte
- University Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Stefano Caruso
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; APHP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Sandra Pinto
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Team « Oncogenic functions of beta-catenin signaling in the liver », Équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Christèle Desbois-Mouthon
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Team « Oncogenic functions of beta-catenin signaling in the liver », Équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France; APHP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Godard
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Team « Oncogenic functions of beta-catenin signaling in the liver », Équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France; APHP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Akila Hamimi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Team « Oncogenic functions of beta-catenin signaling in the liver », Équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France; APHP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Enzo Montmory
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Team « Oncogenic functions of beta-catenin signaling in the liver », Équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France; APHP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Dulary
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, F-91057 Evry, France
| | - Sophie Chantalat
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, F-91057 Evry, France
| | - Amélie Roehrig
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; APHP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Kevin Muret
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, F-91057 Evry, France
| | | | | | - Sophie Mouillet-Richard
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; APHP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Forné
- IGMM, University Montpellier, CNRS, F-34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe F Grosset
- University Bordeaux, INSERM, Biotherapy of Genetic Diseases, Inflammatory Disorders and Cancer, BMGIC, U1035, MIRCADE team, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; University Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Institute in Oncology, BRIC, U1312, MIRCADE team, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; APHP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Sabine Colnot
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Team « Oncogenic functions of beta-catenin signaling in the liver », Équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France; APHP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Angélique Gougelet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Team « Oncogenic functions of beta-catenin signaling in the liver », Équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France; APHP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, F-75015 Paris, France.
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2
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Panzeri I, Fagnocchi L, Apostle S, Tompkins M, Wolfrum E, Madaj Z, Hostetter G, Liu Y, Schaefer K, Chih-Hsiang Y, Bergsma A, Drougard A, Dror E, Chandler D, Schramek D, Triche TJ, Pospisilik JA. Developmental priming of cancer susceptibility. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.12.557446. [PMID: 37745326 PMCID: PMC10515831 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.557446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
DNA mutations are necessary drivers of cancer, yet only a small subset of mutated cells go on to cause the disease. To date, the mechanisms that determine which rare subset of cells transform and initiate tumorigenesis remain unclear. Here, we take advantage of a unique model of intrinsic developmental heterogeneity (Trim28+/D9) and demonstrate that stochastic early life epigenetic variation can trigger distinct cancer-susceptibility 'states' in adulthood. We show that these developmentally primed states are characterized by differential methylation patterns at typically silenced heterochromatin, and that these epigenetic signatures are detectable as early as 10 days of age. The differentially methylated loci are enriched for genes with known oncogenic potential. These same genes are frequently mutated in human cancers, and their dysregulation correlates with poor prognosis. These results provide proof-of-concept that intrinsic developmental heterogeneity can prime individual, life-long cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Panzeri
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luca Fagnocchi
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Stefanos Apostle
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Megan Tompkins
- Vivarium and Transgenics Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Emily Wolfrum
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Zachary Madaj
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Galen Hostetter
- Pathology and Biorepository Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Kristen Schaefer
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yang Chih-Hsiang
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Alexis Bergsma
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Parkinson’s Disease Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Anne Drougard
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Erez Dror
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Darrell Chandler
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Daniel Schramek
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy J. Triche
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - J. Andrew Pospisilik
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
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Julson JR, Beierle EA. Embryology and surgical anatomy of pediatric solid tumors. Semin Pediatr Surg 2022; 31:151233. [PMID: 36423516 PMCID: PMC10084944 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2022.151233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J R Julson
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - E A Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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4
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miR-377 Inhibits Proliferation and Differentiation of Bovine Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells by Targeting FHL2. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13060947. [PMID: 35741709 PMCID: PMC9223022 DOI: 10.3390/genes13060947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNAs), play an important role in skeletal muscle growth and development. miR-377 regulates many basic biological processes and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Nevertheless, the function of miR-377 during skeletal muscle development and how it regulates skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs) remains unclear. In the present study, we proposed to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of miR-377 in the proliferation and differentiation of bovine primary SMSCs. Our results showed that miR-377 can significantly inhibit the proliferation of SMSCs. In addition, we found that miR-377 can reduce myotube formation and restrain skeletal myogenic differentiation. Moreover, the results obtained from the biosynthesis and dual luciferase experiments showed that FHL2 was the target gene of miR-377. We further probed the function of FHL2 in muscle development and found that FHL2 silencing significantly suppressed the proliferation and differentiation of SMSCS, which is contrary to the role of miR-377. Furthermore, FHL2 interacts with Dishevelled-2 (Dvl2) to enable Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, consequently regulating skeletal muscle development. miR-377 negatively regulates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by targeting FHL2-mediated Dvl2. Overall, these findings demonstrated that miR-377 regulates the bovine SMSCs proliferation and differentiation by targeting FHL2 and attenuating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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5
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Archana B, D'Cruze L, Nazneen S, Thanka J, Scott JX. Immunohistochemical expression of beta-catenin in hepatoblastoma and its clinical significance. J Cancer Res Ther 2022; 18:677-680. [PMID: 35900540 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1575_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Primary hepatic malignancies account for 0.5-2% of all solid tumours in childhood. Hepatoblastoma, a rare embryonic tumour in the general population, represents the most frequent primary hepatic malignancy in the paediatric age group, with an incidence of one new case per million under 15 years of age, median age at diagnosis being 1 year. Aberrant activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathway is likely to result in tumorigenesis of hepatoblastoma. The nuclear and intra-cytoplasmic accumulations of beta-catenin correlate with the likely prognosis of the disease. Nuclear expression of beta catenin is associated with a shorter survival, higher stage, and seen in embryonal/undifferentiated types. Aim To study the expression of beta-catenin in hepatoblastoma by immunohistochemistry and correlate it with the tumour histology and survival outcome. Materials & Methods This is a retrospective study of 11 children over a period of 5 years with the diagnosis of hepatoblastoma. These children underwent partial hepatectomy or liver transplantation at the Department of Paediatric Surgery. The clinical, histological and survival data were collected. Immunohistochemical analysis with beta-catenin was done and analysed. Results Mean birth weight of the children was 2.75kg.63.6% had an epithelial type of histology.Beta catenin expression by IHC was studied in 11 cases and found to be positive in 4 cases. Nuclear positivity was noted in 2/4 cases of embryonal type and Cytoplasmic and membranous positivity was seen in the other 2/4 cases. Normal liver showed a membranous pattern of positivity in one case. Negative staining was seen in 6 out of 11 cases. Conclusion Beta catenin is considered to be an useful tool for assessing the prognosis of patients with hepatoblastoma and its expression is associated with a poor survival outcome. There are no validated biomarkers for prognosis so far. However, larger studies incorporating molecular profiling is warranted to establish prognostic factors for planning effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Archana
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lawrence D'Cruze
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sarah Nazneen
- MBBS Student, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Thanka
- Department of Pathology, Sree Balaji Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Julius Xavier Scott
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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6
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Recurrent CTNNB1 mutations in craniofacial osteomas. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:489-494. [PMID: 34725446 PMCID: PMC8964415 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00956-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Osteoma is a benign bone forming tumor predominantly arising on the surface of craniofacial bones. While the vast majority of osteomas develops sporadically, a small subset of cases is associated with Gardner syndrome, a phenotypic variant of familial adenomatous polyposis caused by mutations in the APC gene resulting in aberrant activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling. In a sequencing analysis on a cohort of sporadic, non-syndromal osteomas, we identified hotspot mutations in the CTNNB1 gene (encoding β-catenin) in 22 of 36 cases (61.1%), harbouring allelic frequencies ranging from 0.04 to 0.53, with the known S45P variant representing the most frequent alteration. Based on NanoString multiplex expression profiling performed in a subset of cases, CTNNB1-mutated osteomas segregated in a defined "WNT-cluster", substantiating functionality of CTNNB1 mutations which are associated with β-catenin stabilization. Our findings for the first time convincingly show that osteomas represent genetically-driven neoplasms and provide evidence that aberrant WNT/β-catenin signaling plays a fundamental role in their pathogenesis, in line with the well-known function of WNT/β-catenin in osteogenesis. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis underlying osteoma development and establishes a helpful diagnostic molecular marker for morphologically challenging cases.
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7
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Han Y, Yang Y, Huang S, Yao L, Wu L. The miR-34a/WNT7B modulates the sensitivity of cholangiocarcinoma cells to p53-mediated photodynamic therapy toxicity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 591:54-61. [PMID: 34999254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) provides apparent survival benefits for unresectable cholangiocarcinoma patients. the insufficient sensitivity of cancer cell to PDT treatment limits the clinical application. In this study, according to the GEO datasets, WNT7B expression was decreased by PDT treatment in cholangiocarcinoma samples. In cholangiocarcinoma cells, PDT treatment inhibited Wnt signaling, suppressed cell viability, and enhanced cell apoptosis. Within cholangiocarcinoma cells, PDT treatment induced p53 and miR-34a-5p expression. Under PDT treatment, p53 knockdown downregulated miR-34a-5p expression, whereas the inhibition effect of p53 knockdown on miR-34a-5p could be partially attenuated by agomir-34a-5p. p53 knockdown enhanced cell viability and suppressed cell apoptosis, whereas miR-34a-5p overexpression exerted opposite effects; miR-34a-5p overexpression partially attenuated p53 knockdown effects on PDT-treated cholangiocarcinoma cells. miR-34a-5p directly targeted WNT7B and inhibited WNT7B expression. Under PDT treatment, WNT7B knockdown inhibited the Wnt signaling and cell viability, and promoted cell apoptosis, while miR-34a-5p suppression showed the opposite trends; WNT7B knockdown partially attenuated miR-34a-5p inhibition effects on PDT-treated cholangiocarcinoma cells. In conclusion, PDT treatment induces p53-induced miR-34a transactivation to inhibit cholangiocarcinoma cell proliferation; the miR-34a-5p/WNT7B axis and Wnt signaling are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshan Han
- Medical Experimental Innovation Center, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Sanqian Huang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Yao
- Academician Expert Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lile Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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8
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Kumar P, Gupta P, Priyaranjan P, Rastogi P, Bhujade H, Rajwanshi A. An adolescent with an abdominal mass. Cytopathology 2021; 31:355-358. [PMID: 32242996 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Parikshaa Gupta
- Department of Cytology and Gynecological Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prashant Priyaranjan
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pulkit Rastogi
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harish Bhujade
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arvind Rajwanshi
- Department of Cytology and Gynecological Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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9
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Mafficini A, Lawlor RT, Ghimenton C, Antonello D, Cantù C, Paolino G, Nottegar A, Piredda ML, Salvia R, Milella M, Dei Tos AP, Fassan M, Scarpa A, Luchini C. Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas and Abdominal Desmoid Tumor in a Patient Carrying Two Different BRCA2 Germline Mutations: New Horizons from Tumor Molecular Profiling. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040481. [PMID: 33810291 PMCID: PMC8065547 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This case report describes the history of a 41 year-old woman with a solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas and a metachronous abdominal desmoid tumor (DT) that occurred two years after the SPN surgical resection. At next-generation sequencing of 174 cancer-related genes, both neoplasms harbored a CTNNB1 somatic mutation which was different in each tumor. Moreover, two BRCA2 pathogenic mutations were found in both tumors, confirmed as germline by the sequencing of normal tissue. The BRCA2 mutations were c.631G>A, resulting in the amino-acid change p.V211I, and c.7008-2A>T, causing a splice acceptor site loss. However, as the two neoplasms showed neither loss of heterozygosity nor somatic mutation in the second BRCA2 allele, they cannot be considered as BRCA-dependent tumors. Nevertheless, this study highlights the important opportunities opened by extensive tumor molecular profiling. In this particular case, it permitted the detection of BRCA2-germline mutations, essential for addressing the necessary BRCA-related genetic counseling, surveillance, and screening for the patient and her family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mafficini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.M.); (R.T.L.); (C.C.); (A.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Rita T. Lawlor
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.M.); (R.T.L.); (C.C.); (A.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Claudio Ghimenton
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.G.); (G.P.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Davide Antonello
- Department of Surgery, The Pancreas Institute, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (D.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Cinzia Cantù
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.M.); (R.T.L.); (C.C.); (A.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Gaetano Paolino
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.G.); (G.P.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Alessia Nottegar
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.M.); (R.T.L.); (C.C.); (A.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Maria L. Piredda
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.G.); (G.P.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Roberto Salvia
- Department of Surgery, The Pancreas Institute, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (D.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Michele Milella
- Department of Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Angelo P. Dei Tos
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.P.D.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.P.D.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.M.); (R.T.L.); (C.C.); (A.N.); (A.S.)
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.G.); (G.P.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Claudio Luchini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.M.); (R.T.L.); (C.C.); (A.N.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-8127548
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10
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Honda S, Chatterjee A, Leichter AL, Miyagi H, Minato M, Fujiyoshi S, Ara M, Kitagawa N, Tanaka M, Tanaka Y, Shinkai M, Hatanaka KC, Taketomi A, Eccles MR. A MicroRNA Cluster in the DLK1-DIO3 Imprinted Region on Chromosome 14q32.2 Is Dysregulated in Metastatic Hepatoblastomas. Front Oncol 2020; 10:513601. [PMID: 33282720 PMCID: PMC7689214 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.513601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common malignant liver neoplasm in children. Despite progress in HB therapy, outcomes for patients with metastatic disease remain poor. Dysregulation of miRNA expression is one of the potential epigenetic mechanisms associated with pathogenesis of HB. However, miRNA profiles related to the different stages of HB tissues and cells, in particular of lung metastatic tumor cells, are unknown. In the present study, using array-based miRNA expression and DNA methylation analysis on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, we aimed to identify miRNA changes that can discriminate between lung metastatic tumors, primary tumors (fetal and embryonal subtypes), and nontumorous surrounding livers. Our analysis demonstrated that a large cluster of microRNAs and snoRNAs located within the 14q32.2 DLK1-DIO3 region showed a strikingly upregulated expression pattern in HB tumors, especially metastatic tumors, compared to normal liver tissues. This revealed dysregulation of miRNAs similar to that seen in a malignant stem-like subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with poor prognosis. These findings in HB mirror similar findings made in multiple other cancer types. With further analysis this may in future allow stratification of different stages and types of HB tumors based on their miRNA profiles, which could lead to new approaches to diagnosis and treatment in progressive HB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Honda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Aniruddha Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Anna L Leichter
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hisayuki Miyagi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masashi Minato
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sunao Fujiyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Momoko Ara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norihiko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mio Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukichi Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masato Shinkai
- Department of Surgery, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kanako C Hatanaka
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michael R Eccles
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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11
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Kahana-Edwin S, McCowage G, Cain L, Saletta F, Yuksel A, Graf N, Karpelowsky J. Exploration of CTNNB1 ctDNA as a putative biomarker for hepatoblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28594. [PMID: 32881242 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Driver mutations in the CTNNB1 gene (encoding β-catenin) are a hallmark of sporadic hepatoblastoma (HBL). Our results show that CTNNB1 circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) is readily detected in patients diagnosed with localised HBL, with serial sampling along the course of therapy and follow up providing a sensitive mechanism to monitor tumour dynamics and response to treatment. This exciting potential for CTNNB1 ctDNA to serve as a biomarker for treatment response in HBL holds clinical value, and requires assessment in a larger cohort of mixed tumour stages and recurrent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smadar Kahana-Edwin
- Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Geoffrey McCowage
- Cancer Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lucy Cain
- Cancer Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Federica Saletta
- Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aysen Yuksel
- The Tumour Bank, Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole Graf
- Department of Histopathology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan Karpelowsky
- Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Paediatric Oncology and Thoracic Surgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Division of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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12
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Cairo S, Armengol C, Maibach R, Häberle B, Becker K, Carrillo-Reixach J, Guettier C, Vokuhl C, Schmid I, Buendia MA, Branchereau S, von Schweinitz D, Kappler R. A combined clinical and biological risk classification improves prediction of outcome in hepatoblastoma patients. Eur J Cancer 2020; 141:30-39. [PMID: 33125945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Stratification of hepatoblastoma (HB) patients is based on clinical and imaging characteristics obtained at the time of diagnosis. We aim to integrate biomarkers into a tool that accurately predicts survival of HB patients. METHODS We retrospectively analysed 174 HB patients for the presence of four biomarkers and explored their prognostic potential by correlating with overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS). RESULTS Mutations of CTNNB1, NFE2L2 and TERT were found in 135 (78%), 10 (6%) and 10 (6%) patients, respectively, and the adverse C2 subtype of the 16-gene signature in 63 (36%) patients. C2-patients had more frequent metastatic disease, higher alpha-fetoprotein levels, non-fetal histology and significantly worse 3-year OS (68% versus 95%) and EFS (63% versus 87%) than C1-patients. Patients carrying a NFE2L2 mutation had a significantly worse 3-year OS (57% versus 88%) than NFE2L2 wild-type patients and were more likely to have vessel invasive growth and non-fetal histology. TERT mutations were almost exclusively found in older patients, whereas CTNNB1 mutations showed no association with any clinical feature or outcome. In a multivariable analysis, the C2 subtype remained a significant predictor of poor outcome with hazard ratios of 6.202 and 3.611 for OS and EFS, respectively. When added to the Children's Hepatic tumors International Collaboration risk stratification, the presence of the C2 subtype identified a group of high-risk patients with a very poor outcome. CONCLUSION We propose a new stratification system based on the combination of clinical factors and the 16-gene signature, which may facilitate a risk-adapted management of HB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cairo
- XenTech, 4 Rue Pierre Fontaine, Evry, France; Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP), Padova, Italy.
| | - Carolina Armengol
- Childhood Liver Oncology Group, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPCC), Badalona, Spain; Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Spain.
| | - Rudolf Maibach
- International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Beate Häberle
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
| | - Kristina Becker
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
| | - Juan Carrillo-Reixach
- Childhood Liver Oncology Group, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPCC), Badalona, Spain.
| | - Catherine Guettier
- Department of Anatomic Pathology and Cytopathology, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France.
| | | | - Irene Schmid
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Oncology, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Sophie Branchereau
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France.
| | - Dietrich von Schweinitz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
| | - Roland Kappler
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
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13
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Intracellular localization of beta-catenin expression plays a possible prognostic role on the outcome of hepatoblastoma patients. Pediatr Surg Int 2020; 36:817-825. [PMID: 32436062 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-020-04672-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Wnt/Beta-catenin pathway plays an essential role in liver development and regeneration. Abnormal activation in this pathway leads to development of hepatoblastoma (HB). Although its importance has invoked attention, its prognostic role is debatable. We aimed to evaluate the significance of intracellular localization of beta-catenin (BC) expression in the outcome of hepatoblastoma patients. METHODS Medical records of HB patients between 2004 and 2018 were reviewed. Patients were grouped according to intracellular localization of BC expression by immunohistochemistry as being cytoplasmic or nuclear. Demographics, radiological images, PRETEXT classifications, vascular involvement, risk groups, chemotherapy responses, and survival rates were analyzed and compared between groups. RESULTS There were 41 patients. Thirteen patients were excluded for unavailability of records in four, negative/unclear BC expressions in seven. Cytoplasmic expression of BC was observed in 17 patients whereas 13 patients displayed nuclear expression. Demographics were similar in both groups. Cytoplasmic BC expression was associated with poor chemotherapy response (p = 0.001) and increased vascular involvement (p = 0.0162) requiring more extensive surgeries (p = 0.039). CONCLUSION Although the numbers are limited in our series, the intracellular localization of BC expression has been found to be a promising determining factor for hepatoblastoma prognosis. With larger patient series, more reliable results can be achieved.
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14
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Zhang W, Meyfeldt J, Wang H, Kulkarni S, Lu J, Mandel JA, Marburger B, Liu Y, Gorka JE, Ranganathan S, Prochownik EV. β-Catenin mutations as determinants of hepatoblastoma phenotypes in mice. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17524-17542. [PMID: 31597698 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common pediatric liver cancer. Although long-term survival of HB is generally favorable, it depends on clinical stage, tumor histology, and a variety of biochemical and molecular features. HB appears almost exclusively before the age of 3 years, is represented by seven histological subtypes, and is usually associated with highly heterogeneous somatic mutations in the catenin β1 (CTNNB1) gene, which encodes β-catenin, a Wnt ligand-responsive transcriptional co-factor. Numerous recurring β-catenin mutations, not previously documented in HB, have also been identified in various other pediatric and adult cancer types. Little is known about the underlying factors that determine the above HB features and behaviors or whether non-HB-associated β-catenin mutations are tumorigenic when expressed in hepatocytes. Here, we investigated the oncogenic properties of 14 different HB- and non-HB-associated β-catenin mutants encoded by Sleeping Beauty vectors following their delivery into the mouse liver by hydrodynamic tail-vein injection. We show that all β-catenin mutations, as well as WT β-catenin, are tumorigenic when co-expressed with a mutant form of yes-associated protein (YAP). However, tumor growth rates, histologies, nuclear-to-cytoplasmic partitioning, and metabolic and transcriptional landscapes were strongly influenced by the identities of the β-catenin mutations. These findings provide a context for understanding at the molecular level the notable biological diversity of HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Zhang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224.,Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jennifer Meyfeldt
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Huabo Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Sucheta Kulkarni
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Jie Lu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Jordan A Mandel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Brady Marburger
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224.,University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Ying Liu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224.,University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Joanna E Gorka
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Sarangarajan Ranganathan
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224.,Department of Pathology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224.,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Edward V Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224 .,University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224.,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232
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15
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Wnt/β-catenin signaling as a useful therapeutic target in hepatoblastoma. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20192466. [PMID: 31511432 PMCID: PMC6757184 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma is a malignant tumor in the liver of children that generally occurs at the age of 2–3 years. There have been ample evidence from the preclinical as well as clinical studies suggesting the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hepatoblastoma, which is mainly attributed to the somatic mutations in the exon 3 of β-catenin gene. There is increased translocation of β-catenin protein from the cell surface to cytoplasm and nucleus and intracellular accumulation is directly linked to the severity of the cancer. Accordingly, the alterations in β-catenin and its target genes may be used as markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of pediatric live tumors. Furthermore, scientists have reported the therapeutic usefulness of inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hepatoblastoma and this inhibition of signaling has been done using different methods including short interfering RNA (siRNA), miRNA and pharmacological agents. Wnt/β-catenin works in association with other signaling pathways to induce the development of hepatoblastoma including Yes-associated protein (YAP)1 (YAP-1), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) 1 (mTOR-1), SLC38A1, glypican 3 (GPC3), nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), epidermal growth factor receptor, ERK1/2, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), regenerating islet-derived 1 and 3 α (REG1A and 3A), substance P (SP)/neurokinin-1 receptor and PARP-1. The present review describes the key role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the development of hepatoblastoma. Moreover, the role of other signaling pathways in hepatoblastoma in association with Wnt/β-catenin has also been described.
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16
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Jiang G, Huang CK, Zhang X, Lv X, Wang Y, Yu T, Cai X. Wnt signaling in liver disease: emerging trends from a bibliometric perspective. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7073. [PMID: 31275745 PMCID: PMC6590390 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Wnt signaling pathway, an evolutionarily conserved molecular transduction cascade, has been identified as playing a pivotal role in various physiological and pathological processes of the liver, including homeostasis, regeneration, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we aimed to use a bibliometric method to evaluate the emerging trends on Wnt signaling in liver diseases. Methods Articles were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. We used a bibliometric software, CiteSpace V 5.3.R4, to analyze the active countries or institutions in the research field, the landmark manuscripts, important subtopics, and evolution of scientific ideas. Results In total, 1,768 manuscripts were published, and each was cited 33.12 times on average. The U.S. published most of the articles, and the most active center was the University of Pittsburgh. The top 5 landmark papers were identified by four bibliometric indexes including citation, burstness, centrality, and usage 2013. The clustering process divided the whole area into nine research subtopics, and the two major important subtopics were "liver zonation" and "HCC." Using the "Part-of-Speech" technique, 1,743 terms representing scientific ideas were identified. After 2008, the bursting phrases were "liver development," "progenitor cells," "hepatic stellate cells," "liver regeneration," "liver fibrosis," "epithelial-mesenchymal transition," and etc. Conclusion Using bibliometric methods, we quantitatively summarized the advancements and emerging trends in Wnt signaling in liver diseases. These bibliometric findings may pioneer the future direction of this field in the next few years, and further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chiung-Kuei Huang
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Xinjie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingyu Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tunan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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17
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Abstract
The canonical Wnt-β-catenin pathway is a complex, evolutionarily conserved signalling mechanism that regulates fundamental physiological and pathological processes. Wnt-β-catenin signalling tightly controls embryogenesis, including hepatobiliary development, maturation and zonation. In the mature healthy liver, the Wnt-β-catenin pathway is mostly inactive but can become re-activated during cell renewal and/or regenerative processes, as well as in certain pathological conditions, diseases, pre-malignant conditions and cancer. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), the two most prevalent primary liver tumours in adults, Wnt-β-catenin signalling is frequently hyperactivated and promotes tumour growth and dissemination. A substantial proportion of liver tumours (mainly HCC and, to a lesser extent, CCA) have mutations in genes encoding key components of the Wnt-β-catenin signalling pathway. Likewise, hepatoblastoma, the most common paediatric liver cancer, is characterized by Wnt-β-catenin activation, mostly as a result of β-catenin mutations. In this Review, we discuss the most relevant molecular mechanisms of action and regulation of Wnt-β-catenin signalling in liver development and pathophysiology. Moreover, we highlight important preclinical and clinical studies and future directions in basic and clinical research.
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18
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Trobaugh-Lotrario AD, López-Terrada D, Li P, Feusner JH. Hepatoblastoma in patients with molecularly proven familial adenomatous polyposis: Clinical characteristics and rationale for surveillance screening. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:e27103. [PMID: 29719120 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) due to APC mutation is associated with an increased risk of hepatoblastoma. All cases of hepatoblastoma in patients with FAP reported in the literature were reviewed. One hundred and nine patients were identified. Thirty-five patients (of 49 with data) were diagnosed with hepatoblastoma prior to a later diagnosis of FAP (often in association with advanced colorectal carcinoma), emphasizing a need to identify patients earlier with germline APC mutations for early colorectal carcinoma screening. Hepatoblastoma may present at birth, and screening for hepatoblastoma in infancy in families with FAP prior to APC mutation testing results may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dolores López-Terrada
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James H Feusner
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital & Research Center Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
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19
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Dubbink HJ, Hollink IHIM, Avenca Valente C, Wang W, Liu P, Doukas M, van Noesel MM, Dinjens WNM, Wagner A, Smits R. A novel tissue-based ß-catenin gene and immunohistochemical analysis to exclude familial adenomatous polyposis among children with hepatoblastoma tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:e26991. [PMID: 29446530 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a central role in the pathogenesis of most hepatoblastomas (HBs), that is, up to 60-80% carry activating CTNNB1 mutations. HBs can however also be the first manifestation of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). As this is a severe disease, it is important for the patient and related family members to firmly exclude FAP at an early stage. Current diagnosis largely depends on APC germline mutation detection on genomic DNA, which is associated with 10-20% false-negative results. Here, we establish and validate a tissue-based β-catenin gene and immunohistochemical analysis, which complements germline mutation screening to exclude the diagnosis of FAP among HB patients. METHODS Tumor tissues of 18 HB patients, including three FAP cases were subjected to CTNNB1 exon 3 mutational analysis and immunohistochemistry comparing staining patterns for total and exon 3 specific β-catenin antibodies. RESULTS Our novel tissue-based method reliably identified all three FAP patients. Their tumors were characterized by a wild-type exon 3 sequence and a comparable nuclear staining for both antibodies. In contrast, the non-FAP tumors carried missense CTNNB1 mutations combined with a clearly reduced staining for the exon 3 antibody, or complete loss of staining in case of lesions with exon 3 deletions. CONCLUSION We have successfully established and validated a novel ß-catenin gene and immunohistochemical diagnostic method, which, when combined with routine germline DNA testing, allows the exclusion of the diagnosis of FAP among HB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrikus J Dubbink
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris H I M Hollink
- Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina Avenca Valente
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pengyu Liu
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michail Doukas
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max M van Noesel
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Winand N M Dinjens
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Wagner
- Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Smits
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Yamamoto M, Xin B, Watanabe K, Ooshio T, Fujii K, Chen X, Okada Y, Abe H, Taguchi Y, Miyokawa N, Furukawa H, Nishikawa Y. Oncogenic Determination of a Broad Spectrum of Phenotypes of Hepatocyte-Derived Mouse Liver Tumors. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2711-2725. [PMID: 28964793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT, Yes-associated protein (YAP), and MYC pathways is involved in human liver cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC). However, the nature of the interactions among these pathways has remained poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrate the coordination of these pathways during the formation of mouse liver tumors induced by hepatocyte-specific somatic integration of myristoylated AKT, mutant YAP, Myc, or their combinations. Although the introduction of YAP or Myc alone was inefficient in inducing tumors, these proteins accelerated tumorigenesis induced by AKT. The generated tumors demonstrated various histological features: low-grade HCC by AKT/Myc, CC by AKT/YAP, and high-grade HCC by AKT/Myc/YAP. CC induced by AKT/YAP was associated with activation of the Notch pathway. Interestingly, the combination of Myc and YAP generated tumors composed of hepatoblast/stem-like cells expressing mRNA for Afp, Dlk1, Nanog, and Sox2 and occasionally forming immature ducts. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that human HCC and CC were predominantly associated with phosphorylation of S6 and glycogen synthase kinase-3β, respectively, and >60% of CC cases were positive for both phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase--3β and YAP. Our study suggests that hepatocyte-derived tumors demonstrate a wide spectrum of tumor phenotypes, including HCC, CC, and hepatoblastoma-like, through the combinatory effects of the oncogenic pathways and that the state of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT pathway is a key determinant of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yamamoto
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Bing Xin
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan; Division of Gastroenterological and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Takako Ooshio
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kiyonaga Fujii
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Xi Chen
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Okada
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Abe
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Taguchi
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyokawa
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furukawa
- Division of Gastroenterological and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishikawa
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
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21
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Utility of PAS and β-catenin staining in histological categorisation and prediction of prognosis of hepatoblastomas. Pediatr Surg Int 2017. [PMID: 28631020 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-017-4115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of PAS, β-catenin and Ki-67 in categorising hepatoblastomas (HBs) and their significance in predicting prognosis. In addition, we have also documented the various chemotherapy induced histologic changes in HBs. METHOD In this retrospective observational study of 29 cases of hepatoblastomas, 27 cases were considered for statistical analysis, excluding two cases of diagnostic core biopsies. All clinicopathological parameters and follow up data were collected. All HB cases including the mixed epithelial and mesenchymal HBs were classified into two groups: fetal predominant and embryonal predominant type according to the predominant epithelial component. PAS, β-catenin and Ki-67 staining were done and their correlation with histologic subtypes was assessed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed in relation to histology, PAS, β-catenin and Ki-67 staining characteristics. RESULT Diffuse nuclear staining of β-catenin was significantly more common in embryonal predominant type (p = 0.036), whereas strong PAS positivity was significantly associated with fetal predominant type (p = 0.002). But no significant correlation was seen between histologic type and Ki-67 staining (p = 0.42). Survival analysis showed cases with diffuse PAS positivity, focal nuclear β-catenin staining and low Ki-67 LI had better survival. CONCLUSION PAS is a simple stain and can be utilised in histological categorisation of HB and also predicting its outcome. Nuclear β-catenin staining which is significantly common in embryonal elements in HB predicts shorter survival.
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Huang WJ, Tsai JH, Jeng YM. Complementary roles of β-catenin and glutamine synthetase immunostaining in diagnosis of chemotherapy-treated and untreated hepatoblastoma. J Formos Med Assoc 2017; 116:549-553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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23
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LIM-Only Protein FHL2 Is a Negative Regulator of Transforming Growth Factor β1 Expression. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00636-16. [PMID: 28223370 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00636-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a master cytokine in many biological processes, including tissue homeostasis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and wound repair. Here, we report that four and a half LIM-only protein 2 (FHL2) is a critical regulator of TGF-β1 expression. Devoid of a DNA-binding domain, FHL2 is a transcriptional cofactor that plays the role of coactivator or corepressor, depending on the cell and promoter contexts. We detected association of FHL2 with the TGF-β1 promoter, which showed higher activity in Fhl2-/- cells than in wild-type (WT) cells in a reporter assay. Overexpression of FHL2 abrogates the activation of the TGF-β1 promoter, whereas the upregulation of TGF-β1 gene transcription correlates with reduced occupancy of FHL2 on the promoter. Moreover, ablation of FHL2 facilitates recruitment of RNA polymerase II on the TGF-β1 promoter, suggesting that FHL2 may be involved in chromatin remodeling in the control of TGF-β1 gene transcription. Enhanced expression of TGF-β1 mRNA and cytokine was evidenced in the livers of Fhl2-/- mice. We tested the in vivo impact of Fhl2 loss on hepatic fibrogenesis that involves TGF-β1 activation. Fhl2-/- mice developed more severe fibrosis than their WT counterparts. These results demonstrate the repressive function of FHL2 on TGF-β1 expression and contribute to the understanding of the TGF-β-mediated fibrogenic response.
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24
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Lee S, Lee MJ, Zhang J, Yu GR, Kim DG. C-terminal-truncated HBV X promotes hepato-oncogenesis through inhibition of tumor-suppressive β-catenin/BAMBI signaling. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e275. [PMID: 27909336 PMCID: PMC5192070 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
C-terminal-truncated hepatitis B virus (HBV) X (HBx) (ctHBX) is frequently detected in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through HBV integration into the host genome. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ctHBx-associated oncogenic signaling have not yet been clarified. To elucidate the biological role of ctHBx in hepato-oncogenesis, we functionally analyzed ctHBx-mediated regulation of the activin membrane-bound inhibitor bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) through transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) or β-catenin (CTNNB1) in HCC cells and in an animal model, and we compared its role to that of the full-length HBx protein. Ectopic ctHBx expression generated more colonies in anchorage-dependent and -independent growth assays than did HBx expression alone. ctHBx downregulated BAMBI to a greater degree than did HBx in HCC cells. HBx activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which positively regulated the BAMBI expression through T-cell factor 1 signaling, whereas ctHBx negatively regulated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. BAMBI downregulated the β-catenin and TGF-β1 signaling pathways. TGF-β1 positively regulated BAMBI expression thorough Smad3 signaling. Furthermore, knockdown of BAMBI was more tumorigenic in HCC cells. Therefore, downregulation of both β-catenin and TGF-β1 signaling by BAMBI might contribute to tumor suppression in mice xenotransplanted with HepG2 or SH-J1 cells. Taken together, ctHBx may have a more oncogenic role than HBx through its inhibition of tumor-suppressive β-catenin/BAMBI signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Goung-Ran Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ghon Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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25
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Nicolle D, Fabre M, Simon-Coma M, Gorse A, Kappler R, Nonell L, Mallo M, Haidar H, Déas O, Mussini C, Guettier C, Redon MJ, Brugières L, Ghigna MR, Fadel E, Galmiche-Rolland L, Chardot C, Judde JG, Armengol C, Branchereau S, Cairo S. Patient-derived mouse xenografts from pediatric liver cancer predict tumor recurrence and advise clinical management. Hepatology 2016; 64:1121-35. [PMID: 27115099 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Identification of new treatments for relapsing pediatric cancer is an unmet clinical need and a societal challenge. Liver cancer occurrence in infancy, 1.5 for million children per year, falls far below the threshold of interest for dedicated drug development programs, and this disease is so rare that it is very difficult to gather enough children into a phase II clinical trial. Here, we present the establishment of an unprecedented preclinical platform of 24 pediatric liver cancer patient-derived xenografts (PLC-PDXs) from 20 hepatoblastomas (HBs), 1 transitional liver cell tumor (TCLT), 1 hepatocellular carcinoma, and 2 malignant rhabdoid tumors. Cytogenetic array and mutational analysis of the parental tumors and the corresponding PLC-PDXs show high conservation of the molecular features of the parental tumors. The histology of PLC-PDXs is strikingly similar to that observed in primary tumors and recapitulates the heterogeneity of recurrent disease observed in the clinic. Tumor growth in the mouse is strongly associated with elevated circulating alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), low rate of necrosis/fibrosis after treatment, and gain of chromosome 20, all indicators of resistance to chemotherapy and poor outcome. Accordingly, the ability of a tumor to generate PLC-PDX is predictive of poor prognosis. Exposure of PLC-PDXs to standards of care or therapeutic options already in use for other pediatric malignancies revealed unique response profiles in these models. Among these, the irinotecan/temozolomide combination induced strong tumor regression in the TCLT and in a model derived from an AFP-negative relapsing HB. CONCLUSION These results provide evidence that PLC-PDX preclinical platform can strongly contribute to accelerate the identification and diversification of anticancer treatment for aggressive subtypes of pediatric liver cancer. (Hepatology 2016;64:1121-1135).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monique Fabre
- Anathomic Pathology Department, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Marina Simon-Coma
- Childhood Liver Oncology group (c-LOG), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Roland Kappler
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lara Nonell
- Microarray Analysis Facility, Institut Hospital del Mar Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Mallo
- Affymetrix Microarrays Platform and MDS Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Spain
| | - Hazar Haidar
- Pharmacogenetic, Molecular Biochemistry and Hormonology Service, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Charlotte Mussini
- Anatomic pathology and Cytopathology Department, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Catherine Guettier
- Anatomic pathology and Cytopathology Department, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Marie-José Redon
- Anatomic pathology and Cytopathology Department, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurence Brugières
- Department of Childhood and Adolescence Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Maria Rosa Ghigna
- Department of Pathology, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Elie Fadel
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | | | - Christophe Chardot
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | | | - Carolina Armengol
- Childhood Liver Oncology group (c-LOG), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sophie Branchereau
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Stefano Cairo
- XenTech, 4 rue Pierre Fontaine, Evry, France. .,LTTA Center, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy.
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26
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Monga SP. β-Catenin Signaling and Roles in Liver Homeostasis, Injury, and Tumorigenesis. Gastroenterology 2015; 148:1294-310. [PMID: 25747274 PMCID: PMC4494085 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
β-catenin (encoded by CTNNB1) is a subunit of the cell surface cadherin protein complex that acts as an intracellular signal transducer in the WNT signaling pathway; alterations in its activity have been associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and other liver diseases. Other than WNT, additional signaling pathways also can converge at β-catenin. β-catenin also interacts with transcription factors such as T-cell factor, forkhead box protein O, and hypoxia inducible factor 1α to regulate the expression of target genes. We discuss the role of β-catenin in metabolic zonation of the adult liver. β-catenin also regulates the expression of genes that control metabolism of glucose, nutrients, and xenobiotics; alterations in its activity may contribute to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Alterations in β-catenin signaling may lead to activation of hepatic stellate cells, which is required for fibrosis. Many hepatic tumors such as hepatocellular adenomas, hepatocellular cancers, and hepatoblastomas have mutations in CTNNB1 that result in constitutive activation of β-catenin, so this molecule could be a therapeutic target. We discuss how alterations in β-catenin activity contribute to liver disease and how these might be used in diagnosis and prognosis, as well as in the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satdarshan Pal Monga
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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27
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Fried I, Rom-Gross E, Finegold M, Simanovsky N, Revel-Vilk S, Ben-Neriah Z, Weintraub M, Pappo O, Meir K. An infant with a diagnostically challenging hepatic teratoma, hypofibrinogenemia, and adrenal neuroblastoma: case report. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2015; 18:251-6. [PMID: 25756389 DOI: 10.2350/13-08-1361-cr.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Teratomas of the liver are exceedingly rare. Neuroblastoma is the most common, extracranial solid tumor of infancy. We describe the case of a 2-month-old, female infant who presented with an abdominal mass arising in the right lobe of the liver, and a severe coagulopathy, which necessitated cryoprecipitate infusion. Biopsy was interpreted as hepatoblastoma. Following resection, difficulty classifying the mass led to several consultations, and an eventual diagnosis of teratoma. During follow-up, the patient was diagnosed with right adrenal neuroblastoma, which, in retrospect, had been present before the hepatic resection. To our knowledge, these 2 tumors have never been reported together, or in combination with isolated hypofibrinogenemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Fried
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eitan Rom-Gross
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Milton Finegold
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Natalia Simanovsky
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shoshana Revel-Vilk
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ziva Ben-Neriah
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Weintraub
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orit Pappo
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Karen Meir
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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28
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Jia D, Dong R, Jing Y, Xu D, Wang Q, Chen L, Li Q, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Liu L, Zheng S, Xia Q, Wang H, Dong K, He X. Exome sequencing of hepatoblastoma reveals novel mutations and cancer genes in the Wnt pathway and ubiquitin ligase complex. Hepatology 2014; 60:1686-96. [PMID: 24912477 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common primary liver tumor in children. Mutations in the β-catenin gene that lead to constitutive activation of the Wnt pathway have been detected in a large proportion of HB tumors. To identify novel mutations in HB, we performed whole-exome sequencing of six paired HB tumors and their corresponding lymphocytes. This identified 24 somatic nonsynonymous mutations in 21 genes, many of which were novel, including three novel mutations targeting the CTNNB1 (G512V) and CAPRIN2 (R968H/S969C) genes in the Wnt pathway, and genes previously shown to be involved in the ubiquitin ligase complex (SPOP, KLHL22, TRPC4AP, and RNF169). Functionally, both the CTNNB1 (G512V) and CAPRIN2 (R968H/S969C) were observed to be gain-of-functional mutations, and the CAPRIN2 (R968H/S969C) was also shown to activate the Wnt pathway in HB cells. These findings suggested the activation of the Wnt pathway in HB, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining of the β-catenin in 42 HB tumors. We further used short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated interference to assess the effect of 21 mutated genes on HB cell survival. The results suggested that one novel oncogene (CAPRIN2) and three tumor suppressors (SPOP, OR5I1, and CDC20B) influence HB cell growth. Moreover, we found that SPOP S119N is a loss-of-function mutation in HB cells. We finally demonstrated that one of the mechanisms by which SPOP inhibits HB cell proliferation is through regulating CDKN2B expression. CONCLUSION These results extend the landscape of genetic alterations in HB and highlight the dysregulation of Wnt and ubiquitin pathways in HB tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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29
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Loilome W, Bungkanjana P, Techasen A, Namwat N, Yongvanit P, Puapairoj A, Khuntikeo N, Riggins GJ. Activated macrophages promote Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cholangiocarcinoma cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:5357-67. [PMID: 24549785 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is pathologically activated in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Here, we determined the expression profile as well as biological role of activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in CCA. The quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that Wnt3a, Wnt5a, and Wnt7b mRNA were significantly higher in CCA tissues than adjacent non-tumor tissues and normal liver tissues. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that Wnt3a, Wnt5a, and Wnt7b were positive in 92.1, 76.3, and 100 % of 38 CCA tissues studied. It was noted that Wnt3 had a low expression in tumor cells, whereas a high expression was mainly found in inflammatory cells. Interestingly, a high expression level of Wnt5a was significantly correlated to poor survival of CCA patients (P=0.009). Membrane localization of β-catenin was reduced in the tumors compared to normal bile duct epithelia, and we also found that 73.7 % of CCA cases showed the cytoplasmic localization. Inflammation is known to be a risk factor for CCA development, and we tested whether this might induce Wnt/β-catenin signaling. We found that lipopolysaccharides (LPS) elevated the expression of Wnt3 both mRNA and protein levels in the macrophage cell line. Additionally, the conditioned media taken from LPS-induced activated macrophage culture promoted β-catenin accumulation in CCA cells. Furthermore, transient suppression of β-catenin by siRNA significantly induced growth inhibition of CCA cells, concurrently with decreasing cyclin D1 protein level. In conclusion, the present study reports the abundant expression of Wnt protein family and β-catenin in CCA as well as the effect of inflammatory condition on Wnt/β-catenin activation in CCA cells. Importantly, abrogation of β-catenin expression caused significant CCA cell growth inhibition. Thus, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may contribute to CCA cell proliferation and hence may serve as a prognostic marker for CCA progression and provide a potential target for CCA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharin Loilome
- Department of Biochemistry and Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand,
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Pediatric solid tumors: embryonal cell oncogenesis. Mol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139046947.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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31
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Trobaugh-Lotrario AD, Chaiyachati BH, Meyers RL, Häberle B, Tomlinson GE, Katzenstein HM, Malogolowkin MH, von Schweinitz D, Krailo M, Feusner JH. Outcomes for patients with congenital hepatoblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60:1817-25. [PMID: 23798361 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital hepatoblastoma, diagnosed in the first month of life, has been reported to have a poor prognosis; however, a comprehensive evaluation of this entity is lacking. PROCEDURE We retrospectively reviewed two patients from the senior authors' personal series and 25 cases identified in the databases of several multicenter group studies (INT-0098, P9645, 881, P9346, HB 89, HB94, and HB 99). We compared this series with cases of congenital hepatoblastoma previously published in the literature. RESULTS The 3-year survival in our case series was 86% (18/21) with a follow-up of 44-230 months (median 85.5 months). Presentation and treatment were not substantially different from hepatoblastoma cohorts unselected for age. Survival was comparable to the reported disease free survival for a similar cohort of hepatoblastoma patients unselected for age between 1986 and 2002 (82.5%) [von Schweinitz et al., Eur J Cancer 1997; 33:1243-1249]. The 2-year survival of cases reported in the literature was 0% (0/9) and 42% (10/24) for patients reported before and after 1990, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Congenital hepatoblastoma does not appear to confer a worse prognosis. The improved survival of our current series of patients, collected from the past 20 years of German and American multicenter trials and personal series, suggests that the outcome of hepatoblastoma at this young age is much better than has been historically reported. More rigorous analysis should be conducted in future multicenter trials. It is possible that congenital hepatoblastoma should be treated like all other patients with hepatoblastoma provided that the child is stable enough to proceed with surgery and chemotherapy.
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CITED1 expression in liver development and hepatoblastoma. Neoplasia 2013; 14:1153-63. [PMID: 23308048 DOI: 10.1593/neo.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma, the most common pediatric liver cancer, consists of epithelial mixed embryonal/fetal (EMEF) and pure fetal histologic subtypes, with the latter exhibiting a more favorable prognosis. Few embryonal histology markers that yield insight into the biologic basis for this prognostic discrepancy exist. CBP/P-300 interacting transactivator 1 (CITED1), a transcriptional co-activator, is expressed in the self-renewing nephron progenitor population of the developing kidney and broadly in its malignant analog, Wilms tumor (WT). In this current study, CITED1 expression is detected in mouse embryonic liver initially on post-coitum day 10.5 (e10.5), begins to taper by e14.5, and is undetectable in e18.5 and adult livers. CITED1 expression is detected in regenerating murine hepatocytes following liver injury by partial hepatectomy and 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine. Importantly, while CITED1 is undetectable in normal human adult livers, 36 of 41 (87.8%) hepatoblastoma specimens express CITED1, where it is enriched in EMEF specimens compared to specimens of pure fetal histology. CITED1 overexpression in Hep293TT human hepatoblastoma cells induces cellular proliferation and upregulates the Wnt inhibitors Kringle containing transmembrane protein 1 (KREMEN1) and CXXC finger protein 4 (CXXC4). CITED1 mRNA expression correlates with expression of CXXC4 and KREMEN1 in clinical hepatoblastoma specimens. These data show that CITED1 is expressed during a defined time course of liver development and is no longer expressed in the adult liver but is upregulated in regenerating hepatocytes following liver injury. Moreover, as in WT, this embryonic marker is reexpressed in hepatoblastoma and correlates with embryonal histology. These findings identify CITED1 as a novel marker of hepatic progenitor cells that is re-expressed following liver injury and in embryonic liver tumors.
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Abstract
PURPOSE The proto-oncogene beta-catenin is linked to an abnormal activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin-pathway and shows mutations in 50-90 % of hepatoblastoma (HB). Corresponding, the recently published murine orthotopic HB model differs from the former subcutaneous model by nuclear beta-catenin distribution. As the nuclear localization of beta-catenin is considered to reflect a more aggressive tumor growth, the influence of beta-catenin inhibition on cell viability and drug-efficiency in HB cells was analyzed. METHODS Beta-catenin distribution in HB cells was analyzed by immunofluorescence. The influence of beta-catenin inhibitors Celecoxib, Etodolac, ICG001, and MET kinase inhibitor (SU11274) alone and in combination with cisplatin (CDDP) on HB cell lines (HuH6, HepT1) was evaluated by cell viability assays and BrdU incorporation. RESULTS Celecoxib and ICG001 reduced dose-dependently HB cell viability and decreased nuclear beta-catenin in cultivated HB cells. Etodolac was without influence at concentrations up to 100 μM. Combinations of Celecoxib or ICG001 with MET kinase inhibitor or CDDP resulted in additive reduction of cell viability. CONCLUSION Pharmaceutical beta-catenin inhibitors can modulate the nuclear localization of beta-catenin and reduce cell viability of HB cells in vitro. These promising effects might optimize the outcome of high-risk HB. The orthotopic HB model is a suitable basis for further in vivo studies.
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Simic P, Zainabadi K, Bell E, Sykes DB, Saez B, Lotinun S, Baron R, Scadden D, Schipani E, Guarente L. SIRT1 regulates differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by deacetylating β-catenin. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:430-40. [PMID: 23364955 PMCID: PMC3598082 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201201606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multi-potent cells that can differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes and myocytes. This potential declines with aging. We investigated whether the sirtuin SIRT1 had a function in MSCs by creating MSC specific SIRT1 knock-out (MSCKO) mice. Aged MSCKO mice (2.2 years old) showed defects in tissues derived from MSCs; i.e. a reduction in subcutaneous fat, cortical bone thickness and trabecular volume. Young mice showed related but less pronounced effects. MSCs isolated from MSCKO mice showed reduced differentiation towards osteoblasts and chondrocytes in vitro, but no difference in proliferation or apoptosis. Expression of β-catenin targets important for differentiation was reduced in MSCKO cells. Moreover, while β-catenin itself (T41A mutant resistant to cytosolic turnover) accumulated in the nuclei of wild-type MSCs, it was unable to do so in MSCKO cells. However, mutating K49R or K345R in β-catenin to mimic deacetylation restored nuclear localization and differentiation potential in MSCKO cells. We conclude that SIRT1 deacetylates β-catenin to promote its accumulation in the nucleus leading to transcription of genes for MSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Simic
- Glenn Laboratory for the Science of Aging, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Latasa MU, Salis F, Urtasun R, Garcia-Irigoyen O, Elizalde M, Uriarte I, Santamaria M, Feo F, Pascale RM, Prieto J, Berasain C, Avila MA. Regulation of amphiregulin gene expression by β-catenin signaling in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells: a novel crosstalk between FGF19 and the EGFR system. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52711. [PMID: 23285165 PMCID: PMC3527604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent liver tumor and a deadly disease with limited therapeutic options. Dysregulation of cell signaling pathways is a common denominator in tumorigenesis, including hepatocarcinogenesis. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling system is commonly activated in HCC, and is currently being evaluated as a therapeutic target in combination therapies. We and others have identified a central role for the EGFR ligand amphiregulin (AR) in the proliferation, survival and drug resistance of HCC cells. AR expression is frequently up-regulated in HCC tissues and cells through mechanisms not completely known. Here we identify the β-catenin signaling pathway as a novel mechanism leading to transcriptional activation of the AR gene in human HCC cells. Activation of β-catenin signaling, or expression of the T41A β-catenin active mutant, led to the induction of AR expression involving three specific β-catenin-Tcf responsive elements in its proximal promoter. We demonstrate that HCC cells expressing the T41A β-catenin active mutant show enhanced proliferation that is dependent in part on AR expression and EGFR signaling. We also demonstrate here a novel cross-talk of the EGFR system with fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19). FGF19 is a recently identified driver gene in hepatocarcinogenesis and an activator of β-catenin signaling in HCC and colon cancer cells. We show that FGF19 induced AR gene expression through the β-catenin pathway in human HCC cells. Importantly, AR up-regulation and EGFR signaling participated in the induction of cyclin D1 and cell proliferation elicited by FGF19. Finally, we demonstrate a positive correlation between FGF19 and AR expression in human HCC tissues, therefore supporting in clinical samples our experimental observations. These findings identify the AR/EGFR system as a key mediator of FGF19 responses in HCC cells involving β-catenin signaling, and suggest that combined targeting of FGF19 and AR/EGFR may enhance therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria U. Latasa
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fabiana Salis
- Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine & Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Raquel Urtasun
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Oihane Garcia-Irigoyen
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Elizalde
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iker Uriarte
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Monica Santamaria
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francesco Feo
- Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine & Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Rosa M. Pascale
- Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine & Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Jesús Prieto
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Berasain
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- * E-mail: (CB); (MAA)
| | - Matías A. Avila
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- * E-mail: (CB); (MAA)
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Lee CT, Zhang L, Mounajjed T, Wu TT. High mobility group AT-hook 2 is overexpressed in hepatoblastoma. Hum Pathol 2012; 44:802-10. [PMID: 23134771 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma is the most frequent malignant hepatic tumor in children. Expression of high mobility group AT-hook 2, an architectural nuclear factor and marker for hepatic progenitor cells, has not been studied in detail in hepatocellular neoplasms. Immunohistochemical stains using antibodies against high mobility group AT-hook 2, β-catenin, glypican-3, p53, and Ki-67 were performed in 15 hepatoblastomas, 15 fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinomas, 34 hepatocellular carcinomas (12, ≤30 years old; 22, >30 years old), and 22 hepatic adenomas. High mobility group AT-hook 2 was expressed in all 15 hepatoblastomas, including all fetal and embryonal components, significantly higher than in 41.7% (5/12) of hepatocellular carcinomas of 30 years or younger (P = .001) and in 9% (2/22) of hepatocellular carcinomas of older than 30 years (P < .001). Aberrant β-catenin expression was detected in 80% (12/15) of hepatoblastomas, 41.6% (5/12) of hepatocellular carcinomas of 30 years or younger, and 18.2% (4/22) of hepatocellular carcinomas of older than 30 years. All 15 fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinomas and 22 hepatic adenomas were negative for high mobility group AT-hook 2 or β-catenin. High mobility group AT-hook 2 and β-catenin expression correlated positively (P = .017; τ = 0.522) in 34 hepatocellular carcinomas. β-Catenin and glypican-3 exhibited a distinct spatial distribution within hepatoblastomas; glypican-3 was more frequently expressed in fetal components (P = .007), whereas β-catenin tended to be more frequently expressed in embryonal components (P = .062). In conclusion, high mobility group AT-hook 2 is expressed in all hepatoblastomas and could be used as a sensitive marker in their diagnosis. High mobility group AT-hook 2 was also expressed in a subset of hepatocellular carcinomas in association with β-catenin expression; this might represent a subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma with hepatic progenitor cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ta Lee
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
Liver tumors in children can be classified into benign or malignant; some of the benign lesions can have the potential of malignant transformation, and therefore the therapeutic approach may change. These neoplasms account for nearly 1-2% of all pediatric tumors and they have gained significant attention in the last decades due to data suggesting that the incidence may be increasing 5% annually. We know that with new and improved imaging modalities some of these lesions may be detected more often than before. Recent studies showed that liver cancer represented 2% of malignancies in infants by 1980s and this was doubled in incidence to 4% in the following 10 yr. In this review our aim is to discuss all primary liver tumors in children with attention to their clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features followed by the current standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukru Emre
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale, New Haven, CT, USA.
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38
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Purcell R, Childs M, Maibach R, Miles C, Turner C, Zimmermann A, Czauderna P, Sullivan M. Potential biomarkers for hepatoblastoma: Results from the SIOPEL-3 study. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48:1853-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Lade A, Ranganathan S, Luo J, Monga SPS. Calpain induces N-terminal truncation of β-catenin in normal murine liver development: diagnostic implications in hepatoblastomas. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:22789-98. [PMID: 22613727 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.378224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic competence, specification, and liver bud expansion during development depend on precise temporal modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Also, loss- and gain-of-function studies have revealed pleiotropic roles of β-catenin in proliferation and hepatocyte and biliary epithelial cell differentiation, but precise mechanisms remain unknown. Here we utilize livers from different stages of murine development to determine β-catenin signaling and downstream targets. Although during early liver development full-length β-catenin is the predominant form, at late stages, where full-length β-catenin localizes to developing biliary epithelial cells only, a 75-kDa truncated β-catenin species is the principal form localizing at the membrane and in the nucleus of differentiating hepatocytes. The truncated species lacks 95 N-terminal amino acids and is transcriptionally active. Our evidence points to proteolytic cleavage of β-catenin by calpain as the mechanism of truncation in cell-free and cell-based assays. Intraperitoneal injection of a short term calpain inhibitor to timed pregnant female mice abrogated β-catenin truncation in the embryonic livers. RNA-seq revealed a unique set of targets transcribed in cells expressing truncated versus full-length β-catenin, consistent with different functionalities. A further investigation using N- and C-terminal-specific β-catenin antibodies on human hepatoblastomas revealed a correlation between full-length versus truncated β-catenin and differentiation status, with embryonal hepatoblastomas expressing full-length β-catenin and fetal hepatoblastomas expressing β-catenin lacking its N terminus. Thus we conclude that calpain-mediated cleavage of β-catenin plays a role in regulating hepatoblast differentiation in mouse and human liver, and the presence of the β-catenin N terminus correlates with differentiation status in hepatoblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigale Lade
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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40
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Herencia C, Martínez-Moreno JM, Herrera C, Corrales F, Santiago-Mora R, Espejo I, Barco M, Almadén Y, de la Mata M, Rodríguez-Ariza A, Muñoz-Castañeda JR. Nuclear translocation of β-catenin during mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into hepatocytes is associated with a tumoral phenotype. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34656. [PMID: 22506042 PMCID: PMC3323576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin pathway controls biochemical processes related to cell differentiation. In committed cells the alteration of this pathway has been associated with tumors as hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatoblastoma. The present study evaluated the role of Wnt/β-catenin activation during human mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into hepatocytes. The differentiation to hepatocytes was achieved by the addition of two different conditioned media. In one of them, β-catenin nuclear translocation, up-regulation of genes related to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, such as Lrp5 and Fzd3, as well as the oncogenes c-myc and p53 were observed. While in the other protocol there was a Wnt/β-catenin inactivation. Hepatocytes with nuclear translocation of β-catenin also had abnormal cellular proliferation, and expressed membrane proteins involved in hepatocellular carcinoma, metastatic behavior and cancer stem cells. Further, these cells had also increased auto-renewal capability as shown in spheroids formation assay. Comparison of both differentiation protocols by 2D-DIGE proteomic analysis revealed differential expression of 11 proteins with altered expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cathepsin B and D, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, triosephosphate isomerase, inorganic pyrophosphatase, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A or lactate dehydrogenase β-chain were up-regulated only with the protocol associated with Wnt signaling activation while other proteins involved in tumor suppression, such as transgelin or tropomyosin β-chain were down-regulated in this protocol. In conclusion, our results suggest that activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway during human mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into hepatocytes is associated with a tumoral phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Herencia
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Julio M. Martínez-Moreno
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Concepción Herrera
- Cellular Therapy Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Fernando Corrales
- Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Proteomics Laboratory, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Espejo
- Service of Clinic Analysis, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Monserrat Barco
- Service of Clinic Analysis, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Yolanda Almadén
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel de la Mata
- Liver Research Unit, CIBERehd, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Ariza
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan R. Muñoz-Castañeda
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- * E-mail:
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WNT6 is a novel target gene of caveolin-1 promoting chemoresistance to epirubicin in human gastric cancer cells. Oncogene 2012; 32:375-87. [PMID: 22370641 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy is a major obstacle for curative treatment of human gastric cancer (GC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Wingless-type MMTV integration site family members (WNTs) are secreted glycoproteins involved in embryogenesis and, on inappropriate expression in the adult, in cancer. Here, we show expression of WNT6 in GC patient specimens, human GC cell lines and in a mouse model of GC. In human GC cells, WNT6 expression was enhanced by caveolin-1 (Cav1), a scaffold protein of plasma membrane caveolae. WNT6 knock-down and overexpression experiments demonstrated that WNT6 increased the resistance to apoptotic cell death induced by the anthracycline chemotherapeutics epirubicin (Epi) and doxorubicin (Dox). Epi increased the activity of the human WNT6 promoter through Cav1-dependent binding of β-catenin to the proximal WNT6 promoter. Epi increased both WNT6/Wnt6 and Cav1 expression in human GC cells and within the tumor area of a murine model of GC (CEA424-SV40 TAg). In GC patients, WNT6 expression was positively associated with the tumor stage and the nodal status, and inversely correlated with the response to ECF (Epi, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil) chemotherapy. These results showed that WNT6 and Cav1 are upregulated by chemotherapeutics and enhance the resistance of GC cells to anthracycline drugs. Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving WNT6/Cav1-induced drug resistance will provide benefits in developing new therapies for GC.
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Wagner F, Henningsen B, Lederer C, Eichenmüller M, Gödeke J, Müller-Höcker J, von Schweinitz D, Kappler R. Rapamycin blocks hepatoblastoma growth in vitro and in vivo implicating new treatment options in high-risk patients. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48:2442-50. [PMID: 22285179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway plays a central role in the formation of hepatoblastoma (HB), the most common liver cancer in childhood. Blocking this pathway with specific mTOR inhibitors such as the immunosuppressant rapamycin is being currently tested for a variety of cancers. Here, we report that rapamycin treatment induced a significant dose-dependent inhibition of cell viability and promoted apoptosis in HB cells in vitro. Moreover, rapamycin inhibited AKT/mTOR signalling by dephosphorylation of the downstream target p70S6 kinase (p70S6K). Most importantly, treating subcutaneous HUH6 xenograft tumour bearing mice orally with 5mg/kg/day rapamycin for three weeks resulted in a striking reduction of tumour growth, as evidenced by reduced volume and weight, and moderately lowered tumour-specific alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) serum levels. The anti-tumourigenic effect was primarily ascribed to a significantly reduced proliferation rate upon p70S6K dephosphorylation, as microvascular density of rapamycin-treated compared to vehicle-treated tumours stayed grossly unchanged. Of uttermost clinical importance, we found no evidence for a feedback-loop activation of AKT in vivo. In conclusion, we demonstrate that rapamycin effectively inhibits HB growth both in vitro and in vivo by blocking AKT/mTOR signalling at the level of p70S6K and that rapamycin should be considered to treat HB patients especially those to be indicated for liver transplantation to benefit from its anti-tumourigenic and immunosuppressive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Wagner
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-80337 Munich, Federal Republic of Germany
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Purcell R, Childs M, Maibach R, Miles C, Turner C, Zimmermann A, Sullivan M. HGF/c-Met related activation of β-catenin in hepatoblastoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2011; 30:96. [PMID: 21992464 PMCID: PMC3207961 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-30-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Activation of beta-catenin is a hallmark of hepatoblastoma (HB) and appears to play a crucial role in its pathogenesis. While aberrant accumulation of the beta-catenin is a common event in HB, mutations or deletions in CTNNB1 (beta-catenin gene) do not always account for the high frequency of protein expression. In this study we have investigated alternative activation of beta-catenin by HGF/c-Met signaling in a large cohort of 98 HB patients enrolled in the SIOPEL-3 clinical trial. Methods We performed immunohistochemistry, using antibodies to total beta-catenin and tyrosine654-phosphorylated beta-catenin, which is a good surrogate marker of HGF/c-Met activation. CTNNB1 mutation analysis was also carried out on all samples. We also investigated beta-catenin pathway activation in two liver cancer cell lines, HuH-6 and HuH-7. Results Aberrant beta-catenin expression was seen in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of 87% of tumour samples. Our results also revealed a large subset of HB, 83%, with cytoplasmic expression of tyrosine654-phosphorylated beta-catenin and 30% showing additional nuclear accumulation. Sequence analysis revealed mutations in 15% of our cohort. Statistical analysis showed an association between nuclear expression of c-Met-activated beta-catenin and wild type CTNNB1 (P-value = 0.015). Analysis of total beta-catenin and Y654-beta-catenin in response to HGF activation in the cell lines, mirrors that observed in our HB tumour cohort. Results We identified a significant subset of hepatoblastoma patients for whom targeting of the c-Met pathway may be a treatment option and also demonstrate distinct mechanisms of beta-catenin activation in HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Purcell
- Children's Cancer Research Group, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Over-expression of SERPINB3 in hepatoblastoma: a possible insight into the genesis of this tumour? Eur J Cancer 2011; 48:1219-26. [PMID: 21737255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The serpin SERPINB3 (SB3) found over-expressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma and in regenerating liver in mice has been shown to induce apoptosis resistance, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and increasing cellular invasion. It has also been hypothesised that SB3 may provide a pro-proliferative stimulus for liver cells in vivo. No information is available on SB3 in hepatoblastoma (HB). Aims of the study were to analyse SB3 expression in HB specimens and to investigate its possible correlation with Myc expression and tumour extension at diagnosis as evaluated by the pre-treatment extent of disease evaluation system (PRETEXT). METHODS Frozen tumour specimens from 42 children with HB were analysed for SB3 and Myc expression by real-time PCR. SB3 localisation in tumour specimens was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS At transcription level SB3 was positive in 79% of the cases. By immunohistochemistry, SB3 expression was found mainly in the embryonic, blastemal, small cell undifferentiated (SCUD) components of HB, while it was not detectable in normal hepatocytes. High SB3 reactivity was also detected in neoplastic cell clusters of portal vein tumour thrombosis. A direct correlation was observed between SB3 gene expression, the up-regulation of Myc (r=0.598, p<0.0001) and tumour extension (PRETEXT III/IV versus I/II, p=0.013). CONCLUSIONS SB3 is over-expressed in HB and its expression is positively correlated with Myc expression and high tumour stage. The role of SB3 in the genesis of HB and in defining the risk profile of children affected by this tumour is hypothesised.
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46
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Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved, highly complex signaling pathway that is critical for development, differentiation and cellular homeostasis. The protein β-catenin is the central player in one major arm of the Wnt pathway called the canonical Wnt pathway. As in other organs, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is critical for liver development. However, recent research suggests that the pathway is also important in liver regeneration, liver metabolism and maintenance of normal function in the adult liver. Aberrant activation of β-catenin has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatobiliary neoplasia, ranging from benign lesions to liver cancer. The explosion of research into the many roles of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway promises to change our fundamental understanding of normal liver biology and the aberrations that lead to disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Behari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Suite 916 Kaufmann Medical Building, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Ward SC, Thung SN, Lim KH, Tran TT, Hong TKB, Hoang PL, Jang JJ, Park YN, Abe K. Hepatic progenitor cells in liver cancers from Asian children. Liver Int 2010; 30:102-11. [PMID: 19793197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2009.02126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hepatoblastoma (HB) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are the two most common primary malignant liver tumours in children. Hepatic progenitor cells have been described and can be stained with K19, EpCAM and CD117. We investigated the morphology and staining patterns of primary liver tumours in Asian children. METHODS Four pathologists studied slides from 39 paediatric patients from Vietnam and Korea aged 8 months to 16 years. We performed immunohistochemical stains for K19, EpCAM and CD117, and polymerase chain reaction for tissue hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA. RESULTS There was agreement on the diagnosis of 24 cases of HCC and 10 cases of HB (one recurrent case). The diagnosis was split for six cases (HCC/HB). All 20 cases of HCC tested were HBV DNA+ and HCV RNA-. All nine cases of HB tested were HBV DNA-, while one was HCV RNA+. Of four HCC/HB cases tested, three were HBV DNA+ and all were HCV RNA-. By immunohistochemistry, 8/24 (33%) cases of HCC were K19+ and 18/24 (75%) were EpCAM+, 5/10 (50%) cases of HB were K19+ and 7/10 (70%) were EpCAM+ and 3/6 (50%) cases of HCC/HB were K19+ and 5/6 (83%) were EpCAM+. CD117 was negative in all 38 cases tested. Paediatric HCC has a morphology different from adult HCC, sometimes resembling HB, and a larger proportion of paediatric tumours have progenitor cell features. CONCLUSIONS HB and HCC in children may represent malignant transformation at an early stage in the cellular lineage and often arise from hepatic progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Ward
- Department of Pathology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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48
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Ehrlich D, Bruder E, Thome MA, Gutt CN, von Knebel Doeberitz M, Niggli F, Perantoni AO, Koesters R. Nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin protein indicates activation of wnt signaling in chemically induced rat nephroblastomas. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2010; 13:1-8. [PMID: 19348510 PMCID: PMC2990985 DOI: 10.2350/08-03-0443.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant wnt signaling caused by mutations in CTNNB1 occurs in about 15% of Wilms tumors, and these mutations appear to be dependent on the concomitant mutational inactivation of the zinc-finger protein WT1. Nuclear beta-catenin protein, a substitute marker of active wnt signaling, has been detected in an even higher proportion (>50%) of Wilms tumors, suggesting alternative genetic pathways leading to beta-catenin activation. Thus, targeting wnt signaling may become an important future therapeutic strategy in Wilms tumor patients. Currently, chemically induced rat nephroblastomas provide the only available rodent model for this tumor. To determine the contribution of active wnt signaling in this model, we investigated 24 chemically induced rat nephroblastomas for beta-catenin protein expression and for Ctnnb1 and WT1 mutations. Immunohistochemistry showed focal strong nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin protein in 18 of 24 tumors, although in a heterogenous pattern. Blastemal and mesenchymal compartments displayed nuclear-positive cells more frequently than areas of epithelial differentiation. Interestingly, we found no mutation of exon 3 of Ctnnb1 and no mutation within the zinc-finger region of WT1 in any of the 24 tumors analyzed. In conclusion, our findings suggest activation of wnt signaling in the majority (63%) of chemically induced rat nephroblastomas. Nuclear expression of beta-catenin in the absence of Ctnnb1 mutations implies, however, alternate mutational targets in rat nephroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ehrlich
- Division of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 220/221, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Bruder
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - MA Thome
- Department of General, Abdominal and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - CN Gutt
- Department of General, Abdominal and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M von Knebel Doeberitz
- Division of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 220/221, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Niggli
- Children’s Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - AO Perantoni
- Labaratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - R Koesters
- Division of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 220/221, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Park CY, Choi SH, Kang SM, Kang JI, Ahn BY, Kim H, Jung G, Choi KY, Hwang SB. Nonstructural 5A protein activates beta-catenin signaling cascades: implication of hepatitis C virus-induced liver pathogenesis. J Hepatol 2009; 51:853-64. [PMID: 19726098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2009.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The nonstructural 5A (NS5A) protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been implicated in HCV-induced liver pathogenesis. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling has also been involved in tumorigenesis. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of HCV pathogenesis, we examined the potential effects of HCV NS5A protein on Wnt/beta-catenin signal transduction cascades. METHODS The effects of NS5A protein on beta-catenin signaling cascades in hepatic cells were investigated by luciferase reporter gene assay, confocal microscopy, immunoprecipitation assay, and immunoblot analysis. RESULTS beta-Catenin-mediated transcriptional activity is elevated by NS5A protein, in the context of HCV replication, and by infection of cell culture-produced HCV. NS5A protein directly interacts with endogenous beta-catenin and colocalizes with beta-catenin in the cytoplasm. NS5A protein inactivates glycogen synthase kinase 3beta and increases subsequent accumulation of beta-catenin in HepG2 cells. beta-Catenin was also accumulated in HCV patients' liver tissues. In addition, the accumulation of beta-catenin in HCV replicon cells requires both activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and inactivation of GSK3beta. CONCLUSIONS NS5A activates beta-catenin signaling cascades through increasing the stability of beta-catenin. This modulation is accomplished by the protein interplay between viral and cellular signaling transducer. These data suggest that NS5A protein may directly be involved in Wnt/beta-catenin-mediated liver pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Yong Park
- National Research Laboratory of Hepatitis C Virus and Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Republic of Korea
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50
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Tsukada M, Wakai T, Matsuda Y, Korita PV, Shirai Y, Ajioka Y, Hatakeyama K, Kubota M. Loss of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 expression predicts metachronous pulmonary metastasis and poor survival in patients with hepatoblastoma. J Pediatr Surg 2009; 44:1522-8. [PMID: 19635299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Revised: 12/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen family of immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecules. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that loss of CEACAM1 expression in hepatoblastoma cells may promote hematogeneous metastasis and function as an adverse prognostic factor. METHODS Immunohistochemical expression of CEACAM1 in surgically resected specimens from 19 patients with hepatoblastoma was examined retrospectively. The CEACAM1 expression in the epithelial area of the tumor was classified into 2 categories as follows: diffuse expression, characterized by positive staining throughout the tumor specimen, or loss of expression, in which there were distinct areas of negative staining within the tumor specimen. RESULTS Of the 19 patients, 12 were classified as having tumors with diffuse expression, and 7 had loss-of-expression tumors. Survival after treatment was significantly worse in patients with tumors with loss of CEACAM1 expression (cumulative 5-year survival rate, 29%) than in patients with diffuse CEACAM1 expression (cumulative 5-year survival rate, 92%; P = .0062). Loss of CEACAM1 expression was a significant risk factor for metachronous pulmonary metastases (P = .0105). CONCLUSIONS Loss of CEACAM1 expression may reflect a high metastatic potential and thus indicate a poor prognosis for patients with hepatoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Tsukada
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan
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