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Aebisher D, Woźnicki P, Dynarowicz K, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Cieślar G, Bartusik-Aebisher D. Photodynamic Therapy and Immunological View in Gastrointestinal Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:66. [PMID: 38201494 PMCID: PMC10777986 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers are a specific group of oncological diseases in which the location and nature of growth are of key importance for clinical symptoms and prognosis. At the same time, as research shows, they pose a serious threat to a patient's life, especially at an advanced stage of development. The type of therapy used depends on the anatomical location of the cancer, its type, and the degree of progression. One of the modern forms of therapy used to treat gastrointestinal cancers is PDT, which has been approved for the treatment of esophageal cancer in the United States. Despite the increasingly rapid clinical use of this treatment method, the exact immunological mechanisms it induces in cancer cells has not yet been fully elucidated. This article presents a review of the current understanding of the mode of action of photodynamic therapy on cells of various gastrointestinal cancers with an emphasis on colorectal cancer. The types of cell death induced by PDT include apoptosis, necrosis, and pyroptosis. Anticancer effects are also a result of the destruction of tumor vasculature and activation of the immune system. Many reports exist that concern the mechanism of apoptosis induction, of which the mitochondrial pathway is most often emphasized. Photodynamic therapy may also have a beneficial effect on such aspects of cancer as the ability to develop metastases or contribute to reducing resistance to known pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Paweł Woźnicki
- Students English Division Science Club, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (G.C.)
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (G.C.)
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
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Wahnou H, Youlyouz-Marfak I, Liagre B, Sol V, Oudghiri M, Duval RE, Limami Y. Shining a Light on Prostate Cancer: Photodynamic Therapy and Combination Approaches. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1767. [PMID: 37376215 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major health concern worldwide, and current treatments, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, are associated with significant side effects and limitations. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative that has the potential to provide a minimally invasive and highly targeted approach to treating prostate cancer. PDT involves the use of photosensitizers (PSs) that are activated by light to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can induce tumor cell death. There are two main types of PSs: synthetic and natural. Synthetic PSs are classified into four generations based on their structural and photophysical properties, while natural PSs are derived from plant and bacterial sources. Combining PDT with other therapies, such as photothermal therapy (PTT), photoimmunotherapy (PIT), and chemotherapy (CT), is also being explored as a way to improve its efficacy. This review provides an overview of conventional treatments for prostate cancer, the underlying principles of PDT, and the different types of PSs used in PDT as well as ongoing clinical studies. It also discusses the various forms of combination therapy being explored in the context of PDT for prostate cancer, as well as the challenges and opportunities associated with this approach. Overall, PDT has the potential to provide a more effective and less invasive treatment option for prostate cancer, and ongoing research is aimed at improving its selectivity and efficacy in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Wahnou
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, B.P. 2693, Maarif, Casablanca 20100, Morocco
| | - Ibtissam Youlyouz-Marfak
- Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat 26000, Morocco
| | | | - Vincent Sol
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Mounia Oudghiri
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, B.P. 2693, Maarif, Casablanca 20100, Morocco
| | | | - Youness Limami
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, B.P. 2693, Maarif, Casablanca 20100, Morocco
- Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat 26000, Morocco
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Conjugates of Tetrapyrrolic Macrocycles as Potential Anticancer Target-Oriented Photosensitizers. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:10. [PMID: 36826755 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a minimally invasive treatment of tumors using photosensitizers, light, and reactive oxygen species, which can destroy cellular structures. With the development of photodynamic therapy, significant efforts have been made to create new efficient photosensitizers with improved delivery to cells, stability, and selectivity against cancer tissues. Naturally occurring tetrapyrrolic macrocycles, such as porphyrins and chlorins, are very attractive as photosensitizers, and their structural modification and conjugation with other biologically active molecules are promising approaches for creating new photosensitizers specifically targeting cancer cells. The present review aims to highlight recent developments in the design, preparation, and investigation of complex conjugates of tetrapyrrolic macrocycles, which can potentially be used as sensitizers for target-oriented photodynamic therapy of cancer. In this review, we discuss the structure, photodynamic effect, and anticancer activity of the following conjugates of tetrapyrrolic macrocycles: (1) conjugates obtained by modifying peripheral substituents in porphyrins and chlorins; (2) conjugates of porphyrins and chlorins with lipids, carbohydrates, steroids, and peptides; (3) conjugates of porphyrins and chlorins with anticancer drugs and some other biologically active molecules; (4) metal-containing conjugates. The question of how the conjugate structure affects its specificity, internalization, localization, and photoinduced toxicity within cancer cells is the focus of this review.
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Carrier free nanomedicine for synergistic cancer therapy by initiating apoptosis and paraptosis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 622:298-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Parihar A, Dube A. Structural alterations in cell organelles induced by photodynamic treatment with chlorin p 6 -histamine conjugate in human oral carcinoma cells probed by 3D fluorescence microscopy. LUMINESCENCE 2022. [PMID: 35698308 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have explored the intracellular cell organelle's structural alterations after photodynamic treatment with chlorin p6 -histamine conjugate (Cp6 -his) in human oral cancer cells. Herein, the cells were treated with Cp6 -his (10 μm) and counterstained with organelle-specific fluorescence probes to find the site of intracellular localization using confocal microscopy. For photodynamic therapy (PDT), the cells were exposed to ~30 kJ/m2 red light (660 ± 20 nm) to induce ~90% cytotoxicity. We used the three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction approach to analyze the photodynamic damage to cell organelles. The result showed that Cp6 -his localized mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomes but not in mitochondria and Golgi apparatus (GA). The 3D model revealed that in necrotic cells, PDT led to extensive fragmentation of ER and fragmentation and swelling of GA as well. Results suggest that the indirect damage to GA occurred due to loss of connection between ER and GA. Moreover, in damaged cells with no sign of necrosis, the perinuclear ER appeared condensed and surrounded by several small clumps at the peripheral region of the cell, and the GA was observed to form a single condensed structure. Since these structural changes were associated with apoptotic cell death, it is suggested that the necrotic and apoptotic death induced by PDT with Cp6 -his is determined by the severity of damage to ER and indirect damage to GA. The results suggest that the indirect damage to cell organelle apart from the sites of photosensitizer localization and the severity of damage at the organelle level contribute significantly to the mode of cell death in PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Parihar
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, India
| | - Alok Dube
- Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Center for Advanced Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Delcanale P, Abbruzzetti S, Viappiani C. Photodynamic treatment of pathogens. LA RIVISTA DEL NUOVO CIMENTO 2022; 45:407-459. [PMCID: PMC8921710 DOI: 10.1007/s40766-022-00031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The current viral pandemic has highlighted the compelling need for effective and versatile treatments, that can be quickly tuned to tackle new threats, and are robust against mutations. Development of such treatments is made even more urgent in view of the decreasing effectiveness of current antibiotics, that makes microbial infections the next emerging global threat. Photodynamic effect is one such method. It relies on physical processes proceeding from excited states of particular organic molecules, called photosensitizers, generated upon absorption of visible or near infrared light. The excited states of these molecules, tailored to undergo efficient intersystem crossing, interact with molecular oxygen and generate short lived reactive oxygen species (ROS), mostly singlet oxygen. These species are highly cytotoxic through non-specific oxidation reactions and constitute the basis of the treatment. In spite of the apparent simplicity of the principle, the method still has to face important challenges. For instance, the short lifetime of ROS means that the photosensitizer must reach the target within a few tens nanometers, which requires proper molecular engineering at the nanoscale level. Photoactive nanostructures thus engineered should ideally comprise a functionality that turns the system into a theranostic means, for instance, through introduction of fluorophores suitable for nanoscopy. We discuss the principles of the method and the current molecular strategies that have been and still are being explored in antimicrobial and antiviral photodynamic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Delcanale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Abbruzzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Souza TH, Sarmento-Neto JF, Souza SO, Raposo BL, Silva BP, Borges CP, Santos BS, Cabral Filho PE, Rebouças JS, Fontes A. Advances on antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation mediated by Zn(II) porphyrins. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2021.100454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Liang H, Dong J, Cheng Z, Li Q, Feng D, Ling B. B-cell receptor-associated protein 31 promotes migration and invasion in ovarian cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:858. [PMID: 34178131 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell receptor associated protein 31 (BAP31) is a member of the B cell receptor that functions as a transporter for numerous types of newly formed proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. Previous studies found that that BAP31 serves an important role in the pathogenesis of malignancy but its specific effect on ovarian cancer is not clear. The present study aimed to investigate whether BAP31 affects ovarian cancer and its underlying mechanism. In the present study, ovarian cancer tissue, human ovarian normal epithelial cell line IOSE80 and five ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780, Hey-T30, COC1, SKOV3 and OVCAR3) underwent reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting, Cell Counting Kit-8, Transwell and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay and transcriptome sequencing. Previous studies showed that compared with healthy tissues, the expression level of BAP31 protein was found to be significantly higher in various types of cancer tissues, implying that BAP31 may serve an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer. The present study found that BAP31 expression was upregulated in five ovarian cancer cell lines and ovarian cancer tissue, such that BAP31 knockdown [performed using two short hairpin (sh)RNA plasmids] decreased proliferation, invasion and migration. In addition, BAP31 knockdown was found to downregulate the expression of N-cadherin and upregulate the expression of E-cadherin on transcriptional level by controlling the nuclear aggregation of TWIST1, a transcriptional regulator of N-cadherin and E-cadherin. There was no interaction between BAP31 and E-cadherin or N-cadherin using Co-IP detection, while BAP31, E-cadherin and N-cadherin interacted with TWIST1 protein. E-cadherin and N-cadherin expression levels recovered when TWIST1 was overexpressed in the shBCAP31 cells. These results suggest that BAP31 can regulate the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway at the transcriptional level, which may be beneficial for the identification of potentially novel targets for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jiqiao Dong
- GeneX Health Life Co., Ltd., Beijing 100195, P.R. China
| | - Ziyan Cheng
- The Experimental High School Attached To Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100032, P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Dingqing Feng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Bin Ling
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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Klimovich MA, Sazhina NN, Radchenko AS, Gerasimov NY, Egorov AE, Nevrova OV, Shibaeva AV, Shkirdova AO, Markova AA, Belyaev ES, Zamilatskov IA, Spiridonov VV, Kuzmin VA, Shevelev AB. Physicochemical Characteristics and Anticancer Properties of the Liposomal Form of Pyropheophorbide-a Methyl Ester. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793121010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Investigation of combined photodynamic and radiotherapy effects of gallium phthalocyanine chloride on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 25:39-48. [PMID: 31650249 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01730-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effect of gallium phthalocyanine chloride (GaPcCl) as a radio- and photosensitizer on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. We incubated cells with GaPcCl in different concentrations (from 3.125 to 100 μg/ml). Then cells in separate groups were exposed to different light doses (1.8 and 2.8 J/cm2) at wavelength of 660 nm and 2-Gy X-ray ionizing radiation, alone and in combination. Finally, cell survival and apoptosis were determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The results showed that the deactivated GaPcCl at concentration of 100 µg/ml reduces the cell viability up to 15%. While, photoactivated GaPcCl (100 µg/ml) at light dose of 2.8 J/cm2 significantly decreases cell viability up to 55.3%. Although MTT assay demonstrated that GaPcCl is not act as a radiosensitizer, flow cytometry showed significant increase in cell apoptosis when GaPcCl was exposed to 2 Gy X-ray. Using of GaPcCl-PDT (photodynamic therapy) integration with X-ray substantially increased cell death in comparison to the absence of X-ray. Furthermore, flow cytometry displayed a significant increase in apoptosis cells (especially late apoptosis) in this combination therapy. Our result proved that GaPcCl is an effective photosensitizer in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. The combination of GaPcCl-PDT and radiotherapy can be an efficient treatment against cancer. This approach needs further investigations on animal models for human purposes.Graphic abstract.
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Pyo JS, Kim EK. Clinicopathological significance and prognostic implication of nuclear factor-κB activation in colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152469. [PMID: 31201065 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinicopathological significance of phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB (pNF-κB) expression, and its impact on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS We carried out immunohistochemistry of pNF-κB on 261 human CRC tissues, and evaluated nuclear expression, regardless of cytoplasmic expression. We also investigated the correlation between pNF-κB expression and clinicopathological characteristics, survival, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis-related markers in CRC. RESULTS pNF-κB was expressed in the nuclei of 164 of the 261 CRC tissues (62.8%). Furthermore, pNF-κB was significantly correlated with frequent perineural invasion, lymph node metastasis, and higher pTNM stage. However, there was no significant correlation between pNF-κB expression and other clinicopathological parameters. Among the epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers examined, SNAIL expression was significantly correlated with pNF-κB expression (P = 0.001) but E-cadherin expression was not. CRC with pNF-κB expression had significantly higher SIRT1 expression levels and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression levels than CRC without pNF-κB expression (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). However, there was no correlation between the expression levels of pNF-κB and VEGF. pNF-κB expression was significantly correlated with worse overall and recurrence-free survival rates (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION pNF-κB expression was significantly correlated with aggressive tumor behaviors and worse survival rates. Furthermore, pNF-κB expression may affect tumor invasion and progression through SNAIL-related epithelial-mesenchymal transition and SIRT1- and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Soo Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Eulji Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Cole DW, Svider PF, Shenouda KG, Lee PB, Yoo NG, McLeod TM, Mutchnick SA, Yoo GH, Kaufman RJ, Callaghan MU, Fribley AM. Targeting the unfolded protein response in head and neck and oral cavity cancers. Exp Cell Res 2019; 382:111386. [PMID: 31075256 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many FDA-approved anti-cancer therapies, targeted toward a wide array of molecular targets and signaling networks, have been demonstrated to activate the unfolded protein response (UPR). Despite a critical role for UPR signaling in the apoptotic execution of cancer cells by many of these compounds, the authors are currently unaware of any instance whereby a cancer drug was developed with the UPR as the intended target. With the essential role of the UPR as a driving force in the genesis and maintenance of the malignant phenotype, a great number of pre-clinical studies have surged into the medical literature describing the ability of dozens of compounds to induce UPR signaling in a myriad of cancer models. The focus of the current work is to review the literature and explore the role of the UPR as a mediator of chemotherapy-induced cell death in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC) and oral cavity (OCSCC), with an emphasis on preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Cole
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Peter F Svider
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kerolos G Shenouda
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Paul B Lee
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester Hills, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicholas G Yoo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Thomas M McLeod
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sean A Mutchnick
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - George H Yoo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael U Callaghan
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Andrew M Fribley
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA; Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.
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13
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Xu K, Han B, Bai Y, Ma XY, Ji ZN, Xiong Y, Miao SK, Zhang YY, Zhou LM. MiR-451a suppressing BAP31 can inhibit proliferation and increase apoptosis through inducing ER stress in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:152. [PMID: 30770794 PMCID: PMC6377610 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The global morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) are ranked the third among gastrointestinal tumors in the world. MiR-451a is associated with several types of cancer, including CRC. However, the roles and mechanisms of miR-451a in CRC have not been elucidated. BAP31 is a predicted target gene of miR-451a in our suppression subtractive hybridization library. Its relationship with miR-451a and function in CRC are unclear. We hypothesized that miR-451a could induce apoptosis through suppressing BAP31 in CRC. Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were used to measure BAP31 expressions in CRC tissues and pericarcinous tissues from 57 CRC patients and CRC cell lines. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the binding of miR-451a to BAP31. The expression of BAP31 protein in CRC tissues was significantly higher than that in pericarcinous tissues, which was correlated with distant metastasis and advanced clinical stages of CRC patients. The expression of BAP31 was higher in HCT116, HT29, SW620, and DLD cells than that in the normal colonic epithelial cell line NCM460. The expression of BAP31 was absolutely down-regulated when over-expressing miR-451a in HCT116 and SW620 cells compared with control cells. Mir-451a inhibited the expression of BAP31 by binding to its 5'-UTR. Over-expressing miR-451a or silencing BAP31 suppressed the proliferation and apoptosis of CRC cells by increasing the expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-associated proteins, including GRP78/BIP, BAX, and PERK/elF2α/ATF4/CHOP, which resulted in increased ERS, cytoplasmic calcium ion flowing, and apoptosis of CRC cells. These changes resulting from over-expressing miR-451a were reversed by over-expressing BAP31 with mutated miR-451a-binding sites. Over-expressing miR-451a or silencing BAP31 inhibited tumor growth by inducing ERS. The present study demonstrated that miR-451a can inhibit proliferation and increase apoptosis through inducing ERS by binding to the 5'-UTR of BAP31 in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- 985 Science and Technology Platform for Innovative Drugs, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- 985 Science and Technology Platform for Innovative Drugs, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- 985 Science and Technology Platform for Innovative Drugs, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- 985 Science and Technology Platform for Innovative Drugs, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yao Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- 985 Science and Technology Platform for Innovative Drugs, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Shi-Kun Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- 985 Science and Technology Platform for Innovative Drugs, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
- 985 Science and Technology Platform for Innovative Drugs, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Li-Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
- 985 Science and Technology Platform for Innovative Drugs, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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Rosin FCP, Teixeira MG, Pelissari C, Corrêa L. Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid Promotes the Upregulation and Modifies the Intracellular Expression of Surveillance Proteins in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:635-643. [PMID: 30267573 DOI: 10.1111/php.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Expression of proteins related to cell surveillance has been described in tumors presenting resistance to photodynamic therapy (PDT). The aim of this study was to verify whether there was upregulation of proteins related to resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) after PDT. OSCC was chemically induced in rats and treated after one cycle of PDT mediated by 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA-PDT). Immunolabeling of p-NFκB, Bcl-2, survivin, iNOS, p-Akt, p-mTOR and cyclin D1 was performed after the treatment. There was increased expression of Bcl-2 (P = 0.008), iNOS (P = 0.020), p-Akt (P = 0.020) and p-mTOR (P = 0.010) by surviving neoplastic cells after PDT when compared to the control. In conclusion, after one cycle of 5-ALA-mediated PDT, Bcl-2, p-Akt, p-mTOR and iNOS were upregulated in neoplastic cells of OSCC, suggesting an activation of antiapoptosis and cell proliferation pathways. This fact must be considered in the establishment of PDT protocols for OSCC treatment, mainly those in which PDT will be combined with chemotherapy drugs targeted at the studied proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cibele Pelissari
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Corrêa
- General Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Low expression of B-Cell-Associated protein 31 is associated with unfavorable prognosis in human colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:661-666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Huang Q, Ou YS, Tao Y, Yin H, Tu PH. Apoptosis and autophagy induced by pyropheophorbide-α methyl ester-mediated photodynamic therapy in human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. Apoptosis 2018; 21:749-60. [PMID: 27108344 PMCID: PMC4853452 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pyropheophorbide-α methyl ester (MPPa) was a second-generation photosensitizer with many potential applications. Here, we explored the impact of MPPa-mediated photodynamic therapy (MPPa-PDT) on the apoptosis and autophagy of human osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells as well as the relationships between apoptosis and autophagy of the cells, and investigated the related molecular mechanisms. We found that MPPa-PDT demonstrated the ability to inhibit MG-63 cell viability in an MPPa concentration- and light dose-dependent manner, and to induce apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Additionally, MPPa-PDT could also induce autophagy of MG-63 cell. Meanwhile, the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and the Jnk inhibitor SP600125 were found to inhibit the MPPa-PDT-induced autophagy, and NAC could also inhibit Jnk phosphorylation. Furthermore, pretreatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine or chloroquine showed the potential in reducing the apoptosis rate induced by MPPa-PDT in MG-63 cells. Our results indicated that the mitochondrial pathway was involved in MPPa-PDT-induced apoptosis of MG-63 cells. Meanwhile the ROS-Jnk signaling pathway was involved in MPPa-PDT-induced autophagy, which further promoted the apoptosis in MG-63 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 You Yi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yun-Sheng Ou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 You Yi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 You Yi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 You Yi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ping-Hua Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 You Yi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Rosin FCP, Teixeira MG, Pelissari C, Corrêa L. Resistance of oral cancer cells to 5‐ALA‐mediated photodynamic therapy. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:3554-3562. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Cristina P. Rosin
- Pathology DepartmentSchool of DentistryUniversity of São Paulo. Av Prof Lineu PrestesSão PauloBrazil
| | - Marina Gabriela Teixeira
- Pathology DepartmentSchool of DentistryUniversity of São Paulo. Av Prof Lineu PrestesSão PauloBrazil
| | - Cibele Pelissari
- Pathology DepartmentSchool of DentistryUniversity of São Paulo. Av Prof Lineu PrestesSão PauloBrazil
| | - Luciana Corrêa
- Pathology DepartmentSchool of DentistryUniversity of São Paulo. Av Prof Lineu PrestesSão PauloBrazil
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Negi RR, Rana SV, Gupta R, Gupta V, Chadha VD, Dhawan DK. Increased Nuclear Factor-κB/RelA Expression Levels in Human Colorectal Carcinoma in North Indian Patients. Indian J Clin Biochem 2017; 33:473-478. [PMID: 30319196 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-017-0703-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death in many countries. Inflammatory pathway is considered to play a major role in colorectal carcinogenesis. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway is a link between inflammation and cancer. NF-κB is a transcription factor which belongs to the Rel family. Activation of NF-κB has been shown to play a role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine production, and oncogenesis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression levels of NF-κB/RelA in colorectal carcinoma using Real-time PCR. For this study, tumor tissue was taken from general surgery OT of PGIMER, Chandigarh from twenty-seven patients of colorectal cancer treated by surgery. Adjacent colonic mucosa specimens were also collected from all patients as normal control tissue. Real-time PCR was performed to determine the nuclear factor-κB/RelA expression levels in twenty-seven pairs of colorectal adenocarcinoma and adjacent normal colonic tissues. Out of 27 CRC patients, 18 were males and 9 females. Mean age of patients was 51.1 ± 14.8 years. Most of the cases were males (67%). Seventy percent of the cases were early (I-II) and 30% were advanced (III-IV) tumor stage. The quantitative relative expression of NF-kB mRNA was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in CRC tissues as compared with that in adjacent normal colon tissues. From this study, we can conclude that RelA/NF-kB pathway is expressed constitutively in colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinomas. Thus, RelA/NF-kB might play an important role in colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Rattan Negi
- 1Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Satya Vati Rana
- 2Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- 3Department of General Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Vikas Gupta
- 3Department of General Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Vijayta D Chadha
- 4Centre for Nuclear Medicine, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Devinder K Dhawan
- 1Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
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Bao LL, Bian J, Yan YJ, Zhang LJ, O’Shea DF, Chen ZL. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a pyropheophorbide-a derivative as a potential photosensitizer for age-related macular degeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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20
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Berndt-Paetz M, Weimann A, Sieger N, Schastak S, Riyad YM, Griebel J, Arthanareeswaran VKA, Stolzenburg JU, Neuhaus J. Tetrahydroporphyrin-tetratosylat (THPTS): A near-infrared photosensitizer for targeted and efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT) of human bladder carcinoma. An in vitro study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 18:244-251. [PMID: 28279796 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficacy of PDT in muscle-invasive bladder cancer is hampered by low tissue penetration of most photosensitizers by short excitation wavelength. THPTS is excitable at near-infrared (760nm) allowing tissue penetration up to 15mm. We examined the cellular effects of THPTS-PDT in human bladder cancer cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used four human transitional carcinoma cell lines, epithelial bladder progenitors (HBLAK) and bladder smooth muscle cells (HBSMC). We used flow cytometry to examine pharmacokinetics of THPTS, confocal laser scanning microscopy to analyze subcellular localization and production of reactive oxidative species (ROS), examined cytotoxicity and cell death pathways (qRT-PCR). RESULTS Total uptake varied between cell lines and was significantly high in HBLAK and HBSMC. Lysosomal localization was mainly seen in cancer cells and HBLAK, while THPTS was distributed throughout the cytoplasm in HBSMC. Significant ROS production was detected 30min after THPTS-PDT. Growth arrest occurred within 4h and resulted in apoptotic and necrotic cytotoxicity after 24h. Cytotoxicity was dose-dependent and specifically high in cancer cells and HBLAK and significantly low in HBSMC. CONCLUSION THPTS-PDT induces cellular mechanisms leading to cellular growth arrest, apoptosis and necrosis in human bladder cancer cells. These effects are only partly dependent on the total amount of THPTS uptake and rather dependent on its subcellular compartmentalization. HBSMC are hardly affected by THPTS-PDT confirming tumor specificity and safety. THPTS is a promising new photosensitizer with the unique advantage of deep tissue penetration allowing the treatment of solid tumors and warranting further animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Berndt-Paetz
- Department of Urology, Research Laboratories, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Annett Weimann
- Department of Urology, Research Laboratories, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Nadine Sieger
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | - Yasser M Riyad
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Modification (IOM), Leipzig, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Jan Griebel
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Modification (IOM), Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | - Jochen Neuhaus
- Department of Urology, Research Laboratories, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Park H, Ko SH, Lee JM, Park JH, Choi YH. Troglitazone Enhances the Apoptotic Response of DLD-1 Colon Cancer Cells to Photodynamic Therapy. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:1494-9. [PMID: 27593880 PMCID: PMC5011284 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.6.1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate whether the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) ligand troglitazone in combination with photodynamic therapy (PDT) enhances the apoptotic response of DLD-1 colon cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of troglitazone, PDT, and troglitazone in combination with PDT on cell viability and apoptosis were assessed in DLD-1 cells. Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated using the tetrazolium-based MTT assay, and apoptosis was evaluated via cell staining with propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V-FITC. The levels of pro-caspase-3 were measured via Western blot analyses. RESULTS Treatment of troglitazone and PDT induced the growth retardation and cell death of DLD-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner, respectively. The combination treatment significantly suppressed cell growth and increased the apoptotic response of DLD-1 and resulted in apoptosis rather than necrosis, as shown by PI/annexin V staining and degradation of procaspase-3. CONCLUSION These results document the anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities of PDT in combination with the PPARγ ligand troglitazone and provide a strong rationale for testing the therapeutic potential of combination treatment in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Park
- Department of Physiology, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Si Hwan Ko
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Myun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeon Han Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn Hee Choi
- Department of Physiology, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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22
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Photodynamic therapy in colorectal cancer treatment--The state of the art in preclinical research. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 13:158-174. [PMID: 26238625 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.07.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used in many different oncologic fields. Also in gastroenterology, where have been a few attempts to treat both the premalignant lesion and advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). This review aims to give a general overview of preclinical photodynamic studies related to CRC cells and animal studies of photodynamic effects related to CRC treatment to emphasize their potential in study of PDT mechanism, safety and efficiency to translate these results into clinical benefit in CRC treatment. MATERIALS AND METHOD Literature on in vitro preclinical photodynamic studies related to CRC cells and animal studies of photodynamic effects related to CRC treatment with the fallowing medical subject headings search terms: colorectal cancer, photodynamic therapy, photosensitizer(s), in vitro, cell culture(s), in vivo, animal experiment(s). The articles were selected by their relevance to the topic. RESULTS The majority of preclinical studies concerning possibility of PDT application in colon and rectal cancer is focused on phototoxic action of photosensitizers toward cultured colorectal tumor cells in vitro. The purposes of animal experiments are usually elucidation of mechanisms of observed photodynamic effects in scale of organism, estimation of PDT safety and efficiency and translation of these results into clinical benefit. CONCLUDING REMARKS In vitro photodynamic studies and animal experiments can be useful for studies of mechanisms and efficiency of photodynamic method as a start point on PDT clinical research. The primary disadvantage of in vitro experiments is a risk of over-interpretation of their results during extrapolation to the entire CRC.
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23
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Riera H, Afonso V, Collin P, Lomri A. A Central Role for JNK/AP-1 Pathway in the Pro-Oxidant Effect of Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate through Superoxide Dismutase 1 Gene Repression and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in Hematopoietic Human Cancer Cell Line U937. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127571. [PMID: 25996379 PMCID: PMC4440650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) known as antioxidant and specific inhibitor of NF-κB was also described as pro-oxidant by inducing cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in cancer. However, the mechanism by which PDTC indices its pro-oxidant effect is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of PDTC on the human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene transcription in hematopoietic human cancer cell line U937. We herein show for the first time that PDTC decreases SOD1 transcripts, protein and promoter activity. Furthermore, SOD1 repression by PDTC was associated with an increase in oxidative stress as evidenced by ROS production. Electrophoretic mobility-shift assays (EMSA) show that PDTC increased binding of activating protein-1 (AP-1) in dose dependent-manner suggesting that the MAPkinase up-stream of AP-1 is involved. Ectopic NF-κB p65 subunit overexpression had no effect on SOD1 transcription. In contrast, in the presence of JNK inhibitor (SP600125), p65 induced a marked increase of SOD1 promoter, suggesting that JNK pathway is up-stream of NF-κB signaling and controls negatively its activity. Indeed, using JNK deficient cells, PDTC effect was not observed nether on SOD1 transcription or enzymatic activity, nor on ROS production. Finally, PDTC represses SOD1 in U937 cells through JNK/c-Jun phosphorylation. Taken together, these results suggest that PDTC acts as pro-oxidant compound in JNK/AP-1 dependent-manner by repressing the superoxide dismutase 1 gene leading to intracellular ROS accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Riera
- Unidad de Reumatología, Nivel plaza del Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes. Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Valéry Afonso
- INSERM U1029, Laboratoire de l'Angiogenèse et du Microenvironnement des Cancers, Pessac, France
| | - Pascal Collin
- UMR 8601, Laboratoire de Chimie & Biochimie Pharmacologique, Paris, France
| | - Abderrahim Lomri
- INSERM U1029, Laboratoire de l'Angiogenèse et du Microenvironnement des Cancers, Pessac, France
- * E-mail:
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24
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Piette J. Signalling pathway activation by photodynamic therapy: NF-κB at the crossroad between oncology and immunology. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:1510-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00465e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The response of tumors to photodynamic therapy (PDT) largely depend on signaling pathways among which the pathway leading to NF-κB activation is of high importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Piette
- Laboratory of Virology & Immunology
- GIGA-Signal Transduction
- GIGA B34
- University of Liège
- B-4000 Liège
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25
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Liu L, Song Y, Ma L, Zang L, Tao L, Zhang Z, Han J. Growth inhibition effect of HMME-mediated PDT on hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 29:1715-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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26
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Silva JC, Ferreira-Strixino J, Fontana LC, Paula LM, Raniero L, Martin AA, Canevari RA. Apoptosis-associated genes related to photodynamic therapy in breast carcinomas. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 29:1429-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1547-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Luo T, Wilson BC, Lu QB. Evaluation of one- and two-photon activated photodynamic therapy with pyropheophorbide-a methyl ester in human cervical, lung and ovarian cancer cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 132:102-10. [PMID: 24607610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two-photon activated photodynamic therapy (2-γ PDT) has the potential of treating deeper tumors and/or improving tumor targeting. Here, we evaluated the one- and two-photon activated PDT efficacy of pyropheophorbide-a methyl ester (MPPa), a second-generation photosensitizer derived from chlorophyll a. We show that MPPa, when activated by femtosecond (fs) laser pulses at 674 nm, has high one-photon (1-γ) PDT efficacy against cisplatin-sensitive human cervical (HeLa) and cisplatin-resistant human lung (A549) and ovarian (NIH:OVCAR-3) cancer cells. At a low light dose of 0.06 J cm(-2), the IC50 (the MPPa concentration required to kill 50% of the cells) was determined to be 5.3 ± 0.3, 3.4 ± 0.3 and 3.6 ± 0.4 μM for HeLa, A549 and NIH:OVCAR-3 cells, respectively. More significantly, we also show that MPPa can be effectively activated by an 800 nm, 120 fs laser through 2-γ excitation; at a light dose causing no measurable photocytotoxicity in the absence of photosensitizer, the corresponding IC50 values were measured to be 4.1 ± 0.3, 9.6 ± 1.0 and 1.6 ± 0.3 μM, respectively. These results indicate that MPPa is a potent photosensitizer for both 1- and 2-γ activated PDT with potential applications for difficult-to-treat tumors by conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Luo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Brian C Wilson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, and Ontario Cancer Institute, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Qing-Bin Lu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Liu T, Mendes DE, Berkman CE. Prolonged androgen deprivation leads to overexpression of calpain 2: implications for prostate cancer progression. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:467-72. [PMID: 24297527 PMCID: PMC3898865 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanism of prostate cancer progression from androgen dependence to independence may lead to developing more effective treatments against prostate cancer. Herein, our previous in vitro model was employed to assess the effects of continuous androgen-deprivation on developing the metastatic phenotype from androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells (LNCaP). The results indicated that long-term androgen deprivation resulted in overexpression of calpain 2 and increased expression of filamin A (FlnA), but not for calpain 1. The enhanced activity of calpain 2 was confirmed by the accumulation of cleaved FlnA fragments, which could be effectively blocked by calpeptin (an inhibitor of calpain 2). Therefore, the combination of calpain 2 inhibitor and androgen deprivation may provide new therapeutic strategy for patients to prevent or postpone prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Desiree E Mendes
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Clifford E Berkman
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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29
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Liu T, Mendes DE, Berkman CE. From AR to c-Met: androgen deprivation leads to a signaling pathway switch in prostate cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1125-30. [PMID: 23877345 PMCID: PMC3829778 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the role of androgen deprivation in the transition from androgen-dependence to independence may enable the development of more specific therapeutic strategies against prostate cancer. Our previous in vitro model was employed to further assess the effects of continuous androgen‑deprivation on prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) with respect to both androgen receptor (AR) and c-Met expression. The results indicated that long-term androgen deprivation resulted in a signaling pathway switch from AR to c-Met in androgen-sensitive cells, which was confirmed by immunofluorescence imaging and western blot analysis. This signaling pathway switch may be predictive of a more aggressive disease state following androgen deprivation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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The inhibition of ferrochelatase enhances 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic action for prostate cancer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2013; 10:399-409. [PMID: 24284092 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of accumulation of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-dependent protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), ALA-photodynamic therapy (PDT)-induced cell death and enhanced efficiency by a ferrochelatase inhibitor in prostate cancer PC-3 cells. METHODS The accumulation of ALA-induced PpIX in PC-3 cells was observed by fluorescence microscopy and measured by flow cytometry analysis. The efficiency of ALA-PDT was analyzed by flow cytometry and assessed by cell death, caspase-3 activity and mitochondrial membrane potential. The ALA-PDT-promoting effects of ferrochelatase inhibitors, such as deferoxamine and NOC-18, were also analyzed. We confirmed the results obtained in vivo with an animal model using nude mice. RESULTS ALA-induced PpIX accumulation increased in time- and ALA concentration-dependent manners. ALA-PDT decreased the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential, and induced cell death occurred by both apoptosis and necrosis. Inhibition of ferrochelatase by deferoxamine and NOC-18 led to increase of PpIX accumulation and enhanced effect of ALA-PDT in PC-3 cells. In vivo, the degeneration of tumor tissue by ALA-PDT was observed within a broader range and led to apoptosis and necrosis. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated ALA-PDT induced PC-3 cell death by the mechanisms of both necrosis and apoptosis through a caspase-independent mitochondrial pathway. Inhibition of ferrochelatase enhanced these effects, suggesting that ferrochelatase played an important role in ALA-PDT. ALA-PDT could be a new modality for focal therapy of prostate cancer.
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Liu T, Wu LY, Fulton MD, Johnson JM, Berkman CE. Prolonged androgen deprivation leads to downregulation of androgen receptor and prostate-specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:2087-92. [PMID: 23041906 PMCID: PMC3583693 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergence of androgen-independent cancer cells during androgen deprivation therapy presents a significant challenge to successful treatment outcomes in prostate cancer. Elucidating the role of androgen deprivation in the transition from an androgen-dependent to an androgen-independent state may enable the development of more effective therapeutic strategies against prostate cancer. Herein, we describe an in vitro model for assessing the effects of continuous androgen-deprivation on prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) with respect to the expression of two prostate-specific markers: the androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Compared with androgen-containing normal growth medium, androgen-deprived medium apparently induced the concomitant downregulation of AR and PSMA over time. Decreased protein levels were confirmed by fluorescence imaging, western blotting and enzymatic activity studies. In contrast to the current understanding of AR and PSMA in prostate cancer progression, our data demonstrated that androgen-deprivation induced a decrease in AR and PSMA levels in androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells, which may be associated with the development of more aggressive disease-state following androgen deprivation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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Zhou Z, Zhao C, Liu W, Li Q, Zhang L, Sheng W, Li Z, Zeng Y, Zhong R. Involvement of the mitochondria-caspase pathway in HeLa cell death induced by 2-ethanolamino-2-demethoxy-17-ethanolimino-hypocrellin B (EAHB)-mediated photodynamic therapy. Int J Toxicol 2012; 31:483-92. [PMID: 23008347 DOI: 10.1177/1091581812460696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to elucidate the mechanism of cytotoxicity photoinduced by 2-ethanolamino-2-demethoxy-17-ethanolimino-hypocrellin B (EAHB), a derivative of hypocrellin B (HB), cellular uptake, subcellular localization as well as photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficiency of EAHB, and cell apoptosis photoinduced by EAHB were investigated in HeLa cells by laser confocal fluorescence microscopy, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay, flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation on agarose gel, and Western blot. The results showed EAHB was distributed throughout the cytoplasm of the cell, with no detectable penetration into the nucleus. The proportion of dead cells increased with increases in both the dosage of light and the concentration of EAHB. Its phototoxicity to HeLa cells proceeded via apoptosis. The EAHB-PDT treatment induced a cytochrome c release from the mitochondria into the cytosol followed by the activation of both caspase 3 and caspase 9 in HeLa cells. The results suggested that EAHB-PDT treatment induced apoptosis in HeLa cells, and the cellular apoptosis involved a mitochondria-/caspase-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Zhou
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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Rapozzi V, Umezawa K, Xodo LE. Role of NF-κB/Snail/RKIP loop in the response of tumor cells to photodynamic therapy. Lasers Surg Med 2012; 43:575-85. [PMID: 22057485 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.21095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic modality whose efficacy depends on several factors including type of photosensitizer, light fluence and cellular response. Cell recurrence is one of the problems still unsolved in PDT. In this work we found that in B78-H1 murine amelanotic melanoma cells there is a correlation between cell recurrence and the NF-κB/Snail/RKIP loop. MATERIALS AND METHODS Proliferation and migration of surviving cells were analyzed by MTT and wound-scratch assays. The levels of ROS/NO in B78-H1 melanoma cells treated with pheophorbide a (Pba) and light (Pba/PDT) were measured by FACS, while expression of NF-κB, Snail and RKIP were determined by Western blots. The mechanism of cell death was investigated by caspase and microscopy assays. RESULTS Our data show that after a low-dose Pba/PDT treatment, B78-H1 cells are able to recover. This correlates with a low level of NO production, which blocks apoptosis via NF-κB pathway. Western blot analyses showed that a low-dose Pba/PDT increases the expression of NF-κB and anti-apoptotic Snail, but reduces the expression of pro-apoptotic RKIP. The role played by NF-κB in the modulation of Snail and RKIP was investigated using DHMEQ: a NF-κB inhibitor which behaves as NO donor. DHMEQ caused a decrease of Snail and an increase of RKIP expression. When B78-H1 cells were treated with a low dose Pba/PDT and DHMEQ, the NO level strongly increased, with the result that Snail was down-regulated and RKIP was upregulated, as observed with a high-dose Pba/PDT. CONCLUSION One major problem in PDT is the cellular rescue occurring in tissue regions receiving a low-dose PDT. To minimize this problem and sensitize cancer cells to PDT we propose a combined treatment in which the photosensitizer is delivered with a donor of NO acting on the NF-κB/Snail/RKIP loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rapozzi
- Department of Medical and Biological Science, School of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy.
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Lim DS, Ko SH, Won DH, Lee CH, Lee WY. Photodynamic anti-tumor activity of a new chlorin-based photosensitizer against Lewis Lung Carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424603000215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A biological significance of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with a new porphyrin derivative, DH-I-180-3 (Max. Abs. 666 nm), was examined. Experimental PDT with DH-I-180-3 against Lewis Lung Carcinoma 1 (LLC1) cells was designed in vitro and in vivo. For the comparison, PDT with an established photosensitizer, Photofrin®, was done. When the cells were treated with DH-I-180-3 (1.0 μg/ml) in vitro, the cells became fatally susceptible to the light (1.2 J/cm2) as early as in 1 h. All of these cells were irreversibly damaged in 24 h after light irradiation and categorized as necrosis. These were not seen in cells treated with Photofrin® for more than 4 h and remained unharmed by the light until the end of experiments. Mice (C57BL/6J) bearing LLC1 tumor were treated (intravenously) with DH-I-180-3 (400 to 800 μg/kg) or with Photofrin® (2 mg/kg) for 4 h. Following the light irradiation (1.2 J/cm2), retarded tumor growth was significant in mice treated with DH-I-180-3 compared with those treated with Photofrin®/PDT. Survival of mice receiving DH-I-180-3/PDT was prolonged approximately 30% and 40% compared with that of mice in a Photofrin® group. In conclusion, DH-I-180-3 absorbs a longer light wavelength, and instantaneously accumulates in tumor cells to make them susceptible to the light. In mice, a significantly low dose of DH-I-180-3 as little as 400 μg/kg was sufficient to produce a successful PDT result. Thus, we conclude that DH-I-180-3 is an effective photosensitizer to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Seog Lim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Si-Hwan Ko
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Won
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chun-chon 200-701, Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chun-chon 200-701, Korea
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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da Silva EFF, Pedersen BW, Breitenbach T, Toftegaard R, Kuimova MK, Arnaut LG, Ogilby PR. Irradiation- and sensitizer-dependent changes in the lifetime of intracellular singlet oxygen produced in a photosensitized process. J Phys Chem B 2011; 116:445-61. [PMID: 22117929 DOI: 10.1021/jp206739y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen, O(2)(a(1)Δ(g)), was produced upon pulsed-laser irradiation of an intracellular photosensitizer and detected by its 1275 nm O(2)(a(1)Δ(g)) → O(2)(X(3)Σ(g)(-)) phosphorescence in time-resolved experiments using (1) individual mammalian cells on the stage of a microscope and (2) suspensions of mammalian cells in a 1 cm cuvette. Data were recorded using hydrophilic and, independently, hydrophobic sensitizers. The microscope-based single cell results are consistent with a model in which the behavior of singlet oxygen reflects the environment in which it is produced; nevertheless, the data also indicate that a significant fraction of a given singlet oxygen population readily crosses barriers between phase-separated intracellular domains. The singlet oxygen phosphorescence signals reflect the effects of singlet-oxygen-mediated damage on cell components which, at the limit, mean that data were collected from dead cells and, in some cases, reflect contributions from both intracellular and extracellular populations of singlet oxygen. Despite the irradiation-induced changes in the environment to which singlet oxygen is exposed, the "inherent" intracellular lifetime of singlet oxygen does not appear to change appreciably as the cell progresses toward death. The results obtained from cell suspensions reflect key features that differentiate cell ensemble from single cell experiments (e.g., the ensemble experiment is more susceptible to the effects of sensitizer that has leaked out of the cell). Overall, the data clearly indicate that measuring the intracellular lifetime of singlet oxygen in a O(2)(a(1)Δ(g)) → O(2)(X(3)Σ(g)(-)) phosphorescence experiment is a challenging endeavor that involves working with a dynamic system that is perturbed during the measurement. The most important aspect of this study is that it establishes a useful framework through which future singlet oxygen data from cells can be interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa F F da Silva
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Århus, Denmark
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Kai W, Xiaojun X, Ximing P, Zhenqing H, Qiqing Z. Cytotoxic effects and the mechanism of three types of magnetic nanoparticles on human hepatoma BEL-7402 cells. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:480. [PMID: 21801413 PMCID: PMC3211994 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of the toxicity of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has attracted much attention in recent years. The current study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of Fe3O4, oleic acid-coated Fe3O4 (OA-Fe3O4), and carbon-coated Fe (C-Fe) nanoparticles on human hepatoma BEL-7402 cells and the mechanisms. WST-1 assay demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of three types of MNPs was in a dose-dependent manner. G1 (Fe3O4 and OA-Fe3O4) phase and G2 (C-Fe) phase cell arrests and apoptosis induced by MNPs were detected by flow cytometry analysis. The increase in apoptosis was accompanied with the Bax over-expression, mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, and the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria into cytosol. Moreover, apoptosis was further confirmed by morphological and biochemical hallmarks, such as swollen mitochondria with lysing cristae and caspase-3 activation. Our results revealed that certain concentrations of the three types of MNPs affect BEL-7402 cells viability via cell arrest and inducing apoptosis, and the MNPs-induced apoptosis is mediated through the mitochondrial-dependent pathway. The influence potency of MNPs observed in all experiments would be: C-Fe > Fe3O4 > OA-Fe3O4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Kai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
- Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Technology Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen City, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Xu Xiaojun
- Zhejiang Fishery Technical Extention Center, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Pu Ximing
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
- Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Technology Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen City, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Hou Zhenqing
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
- Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Technology Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen City, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Zhang Qiqing
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
- Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Technology Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen City, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361005, PR China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material of Tianjin, Tianjin 300192, PR China
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O'Connor AE, Mc Gee MM, Likar Y, Ponomarev V, Callanan JJ, O'shea DF, Byrne AT, Gallagher WM. Mechanism of cell death mediated by a BF2-chelated tetraaryl-azadipyrromethene photodynamic therapeutic: dissection of the apoptotic pathway in vitro and in vivo. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:705-15. [PMID: 21413012 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established treatment modality for cancer. ADPM06 is an emerging non-porphyrin PDT agent which has been specifically designed for therapeutic application. Recently, we have demonstrated that ADPM06-PDT is well tolerated in vivo and elicits impressive complete response rates in various models of cancer when a short drug-light interval is applied. Herein, the mechanism of action of ADPM06-PDT in vitro and in vivo is outlined. Using a drug and light combination that reduces the clonogenicity of MDA-MB-231 cells by >90%, we detected a well-orchestrated apoptotic response accompanied by the activation of various caspases in vitro. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon photosensitizer irradiation was found to be the key instigator in the observed apoptotic response, with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) found to be the intracellular site of initial PDT damage, as determined by induction of a rapid ER stress response post-PDT. PDT-induced apoptosis was also found to be independent of p53 tumor suppressor status. A robust therapeutic response in vivo was demonstrated, with a substantial reduction in tumor proliferation observed, as well as a rapid induction of apoptosis and initiation of ER stress, mirroring numerous aspects of the mechanism of action of ADPM06 in vitro. Finally, using a combination of (18) F-labeled 3'-deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine ((18) F-FLT) nuclear and optical imaging, a considerable decrease in tumor proliferation over 24-hr in two models of human cancer was observed. Taken together, this data clearly establishes ADPM06 as an exciting novel PDT agent with significant potential for further translational development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling E O'Connor
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Ramaiah D, Eckert I, Arun KT, Weidenfeller L, Epe B. Squaraine Dyes for Photodynamic Therapy: Mechanism of Cytotoxicity and DNA Damage Induced by Halogenated Squaraine Dyes Plus Light (>600 nm)¶. Photochem Photobiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2004.tb09863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) blocks apoptosis and promotes ionizing radiation-induced necrosis of freshly-isolated normal mouse spleen cells. Apoptosis 2010; 15:705-14. [PMID: 20333468 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-010-0487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is a pro-oxidant that kills cells by both apoptotic and necrotic mechanisms. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) is a thiol-containing compound that may act either as a pro- or anti-oxidant depending on the experimental conditions. This study was designed to determine whether PDTC would reduce or enhance IR-induced cell death of freshly-isolated normal mouse B6/129 spleen cells (NMSC). We determined the effect of increasing doses of IR, PDTC alone and PDTC followed by IR on the viability of NMSC. Annexin V and propidium iodide (Annexin V/PI) staining demonstrated a dose and time-dependent relationship in which PDTC enhanced the percentage of IR-induced apoptotic/necrotic NMSC. Trypan blue dye inclusion confirmed that a loss of membrane integrity was occurring 1 h after incubation with PDTC plus IR. Reduction in the glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio and GSH demonstrated that both IR (8.5 Gy) and PDTC acted as pro-oxidants, but their mechanisms of action differed: In contrast to IR, which promoted p53 activation and caspase 3/7-mediated apoptosis, PDTC inhibited IR-induced p53 and caspase 3/7 activity. However, PDTC increased H(2)O(2) formation and necrosis, resulting in an overall increase in IR-induced cell death. Catalase prevented the PDTC-induced increase in IR cytotoxicity implicating the generation of H(2)O(2) as a major factor in this mechanism. These results demonstrate that in NMSC PDTC acts as pro-oxidant and enhances IR-induced cell cytotoxicity by increasing H(2)O(2)formation and thiol oxidation. As such, they strongly suggest that the use of PDTC as an adjunct to reduce radiation toxicity should be avoided.
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Guelluy PH, Fontaine-Aupart MP, Grammenos A, Lécart S, Piette J, Hoebeke M. Optimizing photodynamic therapy by liposomal formulation of the photosensitizer pyropheophorbide-a methyl ester: in vitro and ex vivo comparative biophysical investigations in a colon carcinoma cell line. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:1252-60. [PMID: 20714673 DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00100g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), induced by a photosensitizer (PS) encapsulated in a nanostructure, has emerged as an appropriate treatment to cure a multitude of oncological and non-oncological diseases. Pyropheophorbide-a methyl ester (PPME) is a second-generation PS tested in PDT, and is a potential candidate for future clinical applications. The present study, carried out in a human colon carcinoma cell line (HCT-116), evaluates the improvement resulting from a liposomal formulation of PPME versus free-PPME. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies, fluorescence lifetime measurements, subcellular imaging and co-localization analysis have been performed in order to analyze the properties of PPME for each delivery mode. The benefit of drug encapsulation in DMPC-liposomes is clear from our experiments, with a 5-fold higher intracellular drug delivery than that observed with free-PPME at similar concentrations. The reactive oxygen species (ROSs) produced after PPME-mediated photosensitization have been identified and quantified by using electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Our results demonstrate that PPME-PDT-mediated ROSs are composed of singlet oxygen and a hydroxyl radical. The small amounts of PPME inside mitochondria, as revealed by fluorescence co-localization analysis, could maybe explain the very low apoptotic cell death measured in HCT-116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Henri Guelluy
- Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy, Institute of Physics, B5a, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
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Chen X, Zhao P, Chen F, Li L, Luo R. Effect and mechanism of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy in esophageal cancer. Lasers Med Sci 2010; 26:69-78. [PMID: 20676910 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-010-0810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) provides a novel and promising treatment for esophageal cancer. However, its specific mechanism has not been fully elucidated and its efficacy is remarkably varied. This study investigated the effect of ALA-PDT on esophageal squamous carcinoma cell line Eca-109 in vitro and vivo to explore optimal parameters, and evaluated the significance of cell apoptosis, cell cycle, ALA-protoporphyrin IX (ALA-PpIX) subcellular localization, and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA in cells to understand the mechanism of ALA-PDT for esophageal cancer. How ALA concentration, incubation time, and laser irradiation dose influenced the cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay. ALA-PpIX subcellular localization was analyzed by confocal microscopy. The mRNA changes were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR). Tumor models transplanted with Eca-109 cells in nude mice were established (n = 10) and killed (n = 4) at 24 h post-PDT for malondialdehyde (MDA) detection and histological study. The remaining mice were measured the tumor size for 3 weeks after treatment. Our data show that ALA-PDT significantly inhibits cell proliferation (p < 0.05), the PDT efficacy depends on the saturation of ALA concentration, incubation time, and laser irradiation dose, and the best effect in tumor destruction is at 7-14 days post-PDT. ALA-PpIX is localized in mitochondria and cytoplasm. ALA-PDT induces cell apoptosis and arrests cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. Bcl-2 is significantly down-regulated while Bax is up-regulated (p < 0.05). The results of this study provide references in choosing clinical optimal PDT parameters and help in better understanding the PDT mechanism for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
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42
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Ogilby PR. Singlet oxygen: there is indeed something new under the sun. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:3181-209. [PMID: 20571680 DOI: 10.1039/b926014p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 843] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen, O(2)(a(1)Delta(g)), the lowest excited electronic state of molecular oxygen, has been known to the scientific community for approximately 80 years. It has a characteristic chemistry that sets it apart from the triplet ground state of molecular oxygen, O(2)(X(3)Sigma), and is important in fields that range from atmospheric chemistry and materials science to biology and medicine. For such a "mature citizen", singlet oxygen nevertheless remains at the cutting-edge of modern science. In this critical review, recent work on singlet oxygen is summarized, focusing primarily on systems that involve light. It is clear that there is indeed still something new under the sun (243 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Ogilby
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Arhus, Denmark.
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43
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Prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted photodynamic therapy induces rapid cytoskeletal disruption. Cancer Lett 2010; 296:106-12. [PMID: 20452720 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), an established enzyme-biomarker for prostate cancer, has attracted considerable attention as a target for imaging and therapeutic applications. We aimed to determine the effects of PSMA-targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) on cytoskeletal networks in prostate cancer cells. PSMA-targeted PDT resulted in rapid disruption of microtubules (alpha-/beta-tubulin), microfilaments (actin), and intermediate filaments (cytokeratin 8/18) in the cytoplasm of LNCaP cells. The collapse of cytoplasmic microtubules and the later nuclear translocation of alpha-/beta-tubulin were the most dramatic alternation. It is likely that these early changes of cytoskeletal networks are partly involved in the initiation of cell death.
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Abstract
Important findings regarding the structure and function of respiratory cytochromes have been made from the study of these hemeproteins associated to liposomes. These studies contributed to the comprehension of the biological role of these proteins in the electron transfer process, the regulatory mechanisms, the energy transduction mechanisms, the protein sites that interact with mitochondrial membranes and the role played by the non-redox subunits present in the protein complexes of the respiratory chain of eukaryotes. In this chapter, the protocols developed to study cytochrome bc (1) activity in liposomes and the binding of cytochrome c to lipid bilayers is presented . The former protocol was developed to study the mechanism of energy transduction related to the topology of the components of bc (1) complex in the mitochondrial membrane. These studies were done with purified cytochrome bc (1) complexes reconstituted into potassium-loaded vesicles. The latter protocol was developed to study the influence of pH, DeltapH, and DeltaPsi on the interaction of cytochrome c with liposomes that mimic the inner mitochondrial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iseli L Nantes
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica CIIB, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, S.P., Brazil
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Kawai C, Pessoto FS, Rodrigues T, Mugnol KCU, Tórtora V, Castro L, Milícchio VA, Tersariol ILS, Di Mascio P, Radi R, Carmona-Ribeiro AM, Nantes IL. pH-sensitive binding of cytochrome c to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Implications for the participation of the protein in cell respiration and apoptosis. Biochemistry 2009; 48:8335-42. [PMID: 19650668 DOI: 10.1021/bi9006463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c exhibits two positively charged sites: site A containing lysine residues with high pKa values and site L containing ionizable groups with pKaobs values around 7.0. This protein feature implies that cytochrome c can participate in the fusion of mitochondria and have its detachment from the inner membrane regulated by cell acidosis and alkalosis. In this study, we demonstrated that both horse and tuna cytochrome c exhibited two types of binding to inner mitochondrial membranes that contributed to respiration: a high-affinity and low-efficiency pH-independent binding (microscopic dissociation constant Ksapp2, approximately 10 nM) and a low-affinity and high-efficiency pH-dependent binding that for horse cytochrome c had a pKa of approximately 6.7. For tuna cytochrome c (Lys22 and His33 replaced with Asn and Trp, respectively), the effect of pH on Ksapp1 was less striking than for the horse heme protein, and both tuna and horse cytochrome c had closed Ksapp1 values at pH 7.2 and 6.2, respectively. Recombinant mutated cytochrome c H26N and H33N also restored the respiration of the cytochrome c-depleted mitoplast in a pH-dependent manner. Consistently, the detachment of cytochrome c from nondepleted mitoplasts was favored by alkalinization, suggesting that site L ionization influences the participation of cytochrome c in the respiratory chain and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Kawai
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica (CIIB), Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
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Choi H, Lim W, Kim JE, Kim I, Jeong J, Ko Y, Song J, You S, Kim D, Kim M, Kim BK, Kim O. Cell Death and Intracellular Distribution of Hematoporphyrin in a KB Cell Line. Photomed Laser Surg 2009; 27:453-60. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2008.2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hongran Choi
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Bug-Gu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Wonbong Lim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Bug-Gu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- K&C Welbeing Co. Dong-Gu, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Inae Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Bug-Gu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jinan Jeong
- K&C Welbeing Co. Dong-Gu, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Youngjong Ko
- K&C Welbeing Co. Dong-Gu, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jongwoon Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Bug-Gu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sunyeol You
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Bug-Gu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Doman Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Bug-Gu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Misook Kim
- Jeonnam Institution of Health and Environment, NongSungDong, Seo-Gu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Byung-Kuk Kim
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Bug-Gu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Okjoon Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Bug-Gu, Gwangju, Korea
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Liu T, Wu LY, Choi JK, Berkman CE. In vitro targeted photodynamic therapy with a pyropheophorbide--a conjugated inhibitor of prostate-specific membrane antigen. Prostate 2009; 69:585-94. [PMID: 19142895 PMCID: PMC2719770 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of specific delivery of photosensitizers (PSs), represents a significant limitation of photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. The biomarker prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has attracted considerable attention as a target for imaging and therapeutic applications for prostate cancer. Although recent efforts have been made to conjugate inhibitors of PSMA with imaging agents, there have been no reports on PS-conjugated PSMA inhibitors for targeted PDT of prostate cancer. The present study focuses on the use of a PSMA inhibitor-conjugate of pyropheophorbide-a (Ppa-conjugate 2) for targeted PDT to achieve apoptosis in PSMA+ LNCaP cells. METHODS Confocal laser scanning microscopy with a combination of nuclear staining and immunofluorescence methods were employed to monitor the specific imaging and PDT-mediated apoptotic effects on PSMA-positive LNCaP and PSMA-negative (PC-3) cells. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that PDT-mediated effects by Ppa-conjugate 2 were specific to LNCaP cells, but not PC-3 cells. Cell permeability was detected as early as 2 hr by HOE33342/PI double staining, becoming more intense by 4 hr. Evidence for the apoptotic caspase cascade being activated was based on the appearance of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) p85 fragment. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay detected DNA fragmentation 16 hr post-PDT, confirming apoptotic events. CONCLUSIONS Cell permeability by HOE33342/PI double staining as well as PARP p85 fragment and TUNEL assays confirm cellular apoptosis in PSMA+ cells when treated with PS-inhibitor conjugate 2 and subsequently irradiated. It is expected that the PSMA targeting small-molecule of this conjugate can serve as a delivery vehicle for PDT and other therapeutic applications for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Clifford E. Berkman
- Correspondence to: Clifford E. Berkman, Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman WA 99164-4630, tel: (509) 335-7613, fax: (509) 335-8867,
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Fedorenko G, Uzdensky A. Dynamics of ultrastructural changes in the isolated crayfish mechanoreceptor neuron under photodynamic impact. J Neurosci Res 2008; 86:1409-16. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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49
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Kralova J, Dvorak M, Koc M, Kral V. p38 MAPK plays an essential role in apoptosis induced by photoactivation of a novel ethylene glycol porphyrin derivative. Oncogene 2007; 27:3010-20. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Bugaj A, Kwitniewski M, Iani V, Juzeniene A, Juzenas P, Ma LW, Moan J. Photodynamic therapy with di-l-arginine protoporphyrinate on WiDr human colon adenocarcinoma xenografts in athymic nude mice. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2007; 4:237-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Revised: 08/23/2007] [Accepted: 08/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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