1
|
Tanwar NA, Malhotra R, Satheesh AP, Khuntia SP, Sreekanthreddy P, Varghese L, Kolla S, Chandrani P, Choughule A, Pange P, Gupta V, Noronha V, Patil VM, Pramanik R, Kumar S, Nayak SP, Babu S, Shetty R, Kantharaju M, Chinder PS, Korlimarla A, Srinath BS, Prabhash K, Rishi KD, Goswami HM, Veldore VH. Understanding the Impact of Population and Cancer Type on Tumor Mutation Burden Scores: A Comprehensive Whole-Exome Study in Cancer Patients From India. JCO Glob Oncol 2023; 9:e2300047. [PMID: 38085046 PMCID: PMC10846780 DOI: 10.1200/go.23.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to understand the impact of population diversity and geographic variation on tumor mutation burden (TMB) scores across cancers and its implication on stratification of patients for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study used whole-exome sequencing (WES) to profile 1,233 Indian patients with cancer across 30 different cancer types and to estimate their TMB scores. A WES-based pipeline was adopted, along with an indigenously developed strategy for arriving at true somatic mutations. A robust unsupervised machine learning approach was used to understand the distribution of TMB scores across different populations and within the population. RESULTS The results of the study showed a biphasic distribution of TMB scores in most cancers, with different threshold scores across cancer types. Patients with cancer in India had higher TMB scores compared with the Caucasian patients. We also observed that the TMB score value at 90th percentile (predicting high efficacy to ICI) was high in four different cancer types (sarcoma, ovary, head and neck, and breast) in the Indian cohort as compared with The Cancer Genome Atlas or public cohort. However, in lung and colorectal cancers, the TMB score distribution was similar between the two population cohorts. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that it is crucial to benchmark both cancer-specific and population-specific TMB distributions to establish a TMB threshold for each cancer in various populations. Additional prospective studies on much larger population across different cancers are warranted to validate this observation to become the standard of care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anuradha Choughule
- Medical Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Priyanka Pange
- Medical Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Vinod Gupta
- Medical Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Vanita Noronha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Suresh Babu
- Fortis Cancer Research Centre, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | | | - Aruna Korlimarla
- Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Bangalore, India
| | - BS Srinath
- Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Bangalore, India
| | - Kumar Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pang L, Wang Q, Wang L, Hu Z, Yang C, Li Y, Wang Z, Li Y. Development and validation of cuproptosis-related lncRNA signatures for prognosis prediction in colorectal cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:58. [PMID: 36949429 PMCID: PMC10031908 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cuproptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, plays an essential role in various cancers. However, studies of the function of cuproptosis lncRNAs (CRLs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain limited. Thus, this study aims to identify the cuprotosis-related lncRNAs (CRLs) in CRC and to construct the potential prognostic CRLs signature model in CRC. METHODS First, we downloaded RNA-Seq data and clinical information of CRC patients from TCGA database and obtained the prognostic CRLs based on typical expression analysis of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) and univariate Cox regression. Then, we constructed a prognostic model using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator algorithm combined with multiple Cox regression methods (Lasso-Cox). Next, we generated Kaplan-Meier survival and receiver operating characteristic curves to estimate the performance of the prognostic model. In addition, we also analysed the relationships between risk signatures and immune infiltration, mutation, and drug sensitivity. Finally, we performed quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT -PCR) to verify the prognostic model. RESULT Lasso-Cox analysis revealed that four CRLs, SNHG16, LENG8-AS1, LINC0225, and RPARP-AS1, were related to CRC prognosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan-Meier analysis curves indicated that this model performs well in prognostic predictions of CRC patients. The DCA results also showed that the model included four gene signatures was better than the traditional model. In addition, GO and KEGG analyses revealed that DE-CRLs are enriched in critical signalling pathway, such as chemical carcinogenesis-DNA adducts and basal cell carcinoma. Immune infiltration analysis revealed significant differences in immune infiltration cells between the high-risk and low-risk groups. Furthermore, significant differences in somatic mutations were noted between the high-risk and low-risk groups. Finally, we also validated the expression of four CRLs in FHCs cell lines and CRC cell lines using qRT-PCR. CONCLUSION The signature composed of SNHG16, LENG8-AS1, LINC0225, and RPARP-AS1, which has better performance in predicting colorectal cancer prognosis and are promising biomarkers for prognosis prediction of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Pang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, China
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Chong Yang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Yiqun Li
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Zhenqi Wang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Yaoping Li
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Malhotra R, Javle V, Tanwar N, Gowda P, Varghese L, K A, Madhusudhan N, Jaiswal N, K. S. B, Chatterjee M, Prabhash K, Sreekanthreddy P, Rishi KD, Goswami HM, Veldore VH. An absolute approach to using whole exome DNA and RNA workflow for cancer biomarker testing. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1002792. [PMID: 36994199 PMCID: PMC10040847 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1002792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe concept of personalized medicine in cancer has emerged rapidly with the advancement of genome sequencing and the identification of clinically relevant variants that contribute to disease prognosis and facilitates targeted therapy options. In this study, we propose to validate a whole exome-based tumor molecular profiling for DNA and RNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue.MethodsThe study included 166 patients across 17 different cancer types. The scope of this study includes the identification of single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), insertions/deletions (INDELS), copy number alterations (CNAs), gene fusions, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI). The assay yielded a mean read depth of 200×, with >80% of on-target reads and a mean uniformity of >90%. Clinical maturation of whole exome sequencing (WES) (DNA and RNA)- based assay was achieved by analytical and clinical validations for all the types of genomic alterations in multiple cancers. We here demonstrate a limit of detection (LOD) of 5% for SNVs and 10% for INDELS with 97.5% specificity, 100% sensitivity, and 100% reproducibility.ResultsThe results were >98% concordant with other orthogonal techniques and appeared to be more robust and comprehensive in detecting all the clinically relevant alterations. Our study demonstrates the clinical utility of the exome-based approach of comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) for cancer patients at diagnosis and disease progression.DiscussionThe assay provides a consolidated picture of tumor heterogeneity and prognostic and predictive biomarkers, thus helping in precision oncology practice. The primary intended use of WES (DNA+RNA) assay would be for patients with rare cancers as well as for patients with unknown primary tumors, and this category constitutes nearly 20–30% of all cancers. The WES approach may also help us understand the clonal evolution during disease progression to precisely plan the treatment in advanced stage disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vyomesh Javle
- 4baseCare Onco Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | | | - Pooja Gowda
- 4baseCare Onco Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | - Linu Varghese
- 4baseCare Onco Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | - Anju K
- 4baseCare Onco Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | | | - Nupur Jaiswal
- 4baseCare Onco Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Kumar Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | | | - Vidya H. Veldore
- 4baseCare Onco Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
- *Correspondence: Vidya H. Veldore,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Giolito MV, La Rosa T, Farhat D, Bodoirat S, Guardia GDA, Domon‐Dell C, Galante PAF, Freund J, Plateroti M. Regulation of the THRA gene, encoding the thyroid hormone nuclear receptor TRα1, in intestinal lesions. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3975-3993. [PMID: 36217307 PMCID: PMC9718118 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The THRA gene, encoding the thyroid hormone nuclear receptor TRα1, is expressed in an increasing gradient at the bottom of intestinal crypts, overlapping with high Wnt and Notch activities. Importantly, THRA is upregulated in colorectal cancers, particularly in the high-Wnt molecular subtype. The basis of this specific and/or altered expression pattern has remained unknown. To define the mechanisms controlling THRA transcription and TRα1 expression, we used multiple in vitro and ex vivo approaches. Promoter analysis demonstrated that transcription factors important for crypt homeostasis and altered in colorectal cancers, such as transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2; Wnt pathway), recombining binding protein suppressor of hairless (RBPJ; Notch pathway), and homeobox protein CDX2 (epithelial cell identity), modulate THRA activity. Specifically, although TCF7L2 and CDX2 stimulated THRA, RBPJ induced its repression. In-depth analysis of the Wnt-dependent increase showed direct regulation of the THRA promoter in cells and of TRα1 expression in murine enteroids. Given our previous results on the control of the Wnt pathway by TRα1, our new results unveil a complex regulatory loop and synergy between these endocrine and epithelial-cell-intrinsic signals. Our work describes, for the first time, the regulation of the THRA gene in specific cell and tumor contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Virginia Giolito
- Inserm, IRFAC/UMR‐S1113, FMTS, Université de StrasbourgFrance,INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de LyonFrance
| | - Théo La Rosa
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de LyonFrance,Present address:
Stem‐Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208 INSERM, USC1361 INRABronFrance
| | - Diana Farhat
- Inserm, IRFAC/UMR‐S1113, FMTS, Université de StrasbourgFrance,INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de LyonFrance
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michelina Plateroti
- Inserm, IRFAC/UMR‐S1113, FMTS, Université de StrasbourgFrance,INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de LyonFrance
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu G, Wang W, He X, Xu J, Xu R, Wan T, Wu Y. Synergistic Therapeutic Effects of Low Dose Decitabine and NY-ESO-1 Specific TCR-T Cells for the Colorectal Cancer With Microsatellite Stability. Front Oncol 2022; 12:895103. [PMID: 35774131 PMCID: PMC9239344 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.895103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients of colorectal cancer (CRC) with microsatellite stability (MSS) show poor clinical response and little beneficial result from the immune-checkpoint inhibitors, due to the ‘cold’ tumor microenvironment. Meanwhile, decitabine can drive the ‘cold’ microenvironment towards ‘hot’ in multiple ways, such as upregulating the tumor associated antigen (TAA) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecular. NY-ESO-1, one of the most important TAAs, can be observably induced in tumors by low dose decitabine, and present itself as ideal targets for antigen specific T cell receptor engineered T (TCR-T) cells. We innovatively used a synergistic tactic, combining decitabine and NY-ESO-1 specific TCR-T cells, for fighting the MSS CRC. Firstly, we confirmed the lysing effect of the NY-ESO-1 TCR-T cells on the NY-ESO-1+ and HLA-A2+ cells in vitro and in vivo. In A375 tumor-bearing mice, the results showed that NY-ESO-1 TCR-T cell therapy could inhibit A375 tumor growth and prolonged the survival time. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of decitabine and NY-ESO-1 TCR-T cells was shown to induce an even higher percentage of tumor cells being lysed in vitro than other control groups, and more potent tumor inhibition and longer survival time were observed in vivo. The innovative synergistic therapeutic strategy of decitabine and TCR-T cells for the CRC with MSS may be also effective in the treatment of other epithelial malignancies. Decitabine may likewise be adopted in combination with other cellular immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tao Wan
- *Correspondence: Tao Wan, ; Yanfeng Wu,
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Boger KD, Sheridan AE, Ziegler AL, Blikslager AT. Mechanisms and modeling of wound repair in the intestinal epithelium. Tissue Barriers 2022; 11:2087454. [PMID: 35695206 PMCID: PMC10161961 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2087454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial barrier is susceptible to injury from insults, such as ischemia or infectious disease. The epithelium's ability to repair wounded regions is critical to maintaining barrier integrity. Mechanisms of intestinal epithelial repair can be studied with models that recapitulate the in vivo environment. This review focuses on in vitro injury models and intestinal cell lines utilized in such systems. The formation of artificial wounds in a controlled environment allows for the exploration of reparative physiology in cell lines modeling diverse aspects of intestinal physiology. Specifically, the use of intestinal cell lines, IPEC-J2, Caco-2, T-84, HT-29, and IEC-6, to model intestinal epithelium is discussed. Understanding the unique systems available for creating intestinal injury and the differences in monolayers used for in vitro work is essential for designing studies that properly capture relevant physiology for the study of intestinal wound repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasey D Boger
- Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ana E Sheridan
- Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Amanda L Ziegler
- Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Anthony T Blikslager
- Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yan R, Zhu H, Huang P, Yang M, Shen M, Pan Y, Zhang C, Zhou X, Li H, Ke X, Zhang W, Hao P, Qu Y. Liquidambaric acid inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling and colon cancer via targeting TNF receptor-associated factor 2. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110319. [PMID: 35108540 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a well-established driver of colon cancer; however, a targeted therapeutic agent has not reached clinics yet. In the present study, we report that the natural compound liquidambaric acid (LDA) inhibits oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vitro and in vivo through its direct target tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2). Mechanistically, TRAF2 positively regulates Wnt signaling by interacting with the N-terminal of β-catenin via its TRAF-C domain; this interaction is disrupted in presence of LDA. Particularly, a TRAF2/β-catenin/TCF4/TNIK complex is present in colon cancer cells, where TRAF2 is indispensable for the complex formation, and TRAF2/β-catenin and β-catenin/TCF4 interactions are disrupted upon LDA treatment. Our findings not only highlight that TRAF2 is an oncogenic regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and colon cancer but also provide a lead compound targeting TRAF2 for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yan
- Center for Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Center for Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Piao Huang
- Center for Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Min Yang
- Center for Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengzhen Shen
- Center for Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuting Pan
- Center for Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chengqian Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China
| | - Xianglian Zhou
- Center for Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huiliang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xisong Ke
- Center for Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China.
| | - Piliang Hao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China.
| | - Yi Qu
- Center for Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Takakura H, Horinaka M, Imai A, Aono Y, Nakao T, Miyamoto S, Iizumi Y, Watanabe M, Narita T, Ishikawa H, Mutoh M, Sakai T. Sodium salicylate and 5-aminosalicylic acid synergistically inhibit the growth of human colon cancer cells and mouse intestinal polyp-derived cells. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 70:93-102. [PMID: 35400827 PMCID: PMC8921728 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As colon cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, practical prevention strategies for colon cancer are needed. Recently, treatment with aspirin and/or 5-aminosalicylic acid-related agents was reported to reduce the number of intestinal polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. To evaluate the mechanism of aspirin and 5-aminosalicylic acid for suppressing the colon polyp growth, single and combined effects of 5-aminosalicylic acid and sodium salicylate (metabolite of aspirin) were tested in the two human colon cancer cells with different cyclooxygenase-2 expression levels and intestinal polyp-derived cells from familial adenomatous polyposis model mouse. The combination induced cell-cycle arrest at the G1 phase along with inhibition of cell growth and colony-forming ability in these cells. The combination reduced cyclin D1 via proteasomal degradation and activated retinoblastoma protein. The combination inhibited the colony-forming ability of mouse colonic mucosa cells by about 50% and the colony-forming ability of mouse intestinal polyp-derived cells by about 90%. The expression level of cyclin D1 in colon mucosa cells was lower than that in intestinal polyp-derived cells. These results suggest that this combination may be more effective in inhibiting cell growth of intestinal polyps through cyclin D1 down-regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Takakura
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Mano Horinaka
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Ayaka Imai
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Yuichi Aono
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Toshimasa Nakao
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Shingo Miyamoto
- Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center
| | - Yosuke Iizumi
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Motoki Watanabe
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Takumi Narita
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Hideki Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Michihiro Mutoh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center
| | - Toshiyuki Sakai
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Amable G, Martínez-León E, Picco ME, Nemirovsky SI, Rozengurt E, Rey O. Metformin inhibition of colorectal cancer cell migration is associated with rebuilt adherens junctions and FAK downregulation. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8334-8344. [PMID: 32239671 PMCID: PMC7529638 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
E-cadherin, a central component of the adherens junction (AJ), is a single-pass transmembrane protein that mediates cell-cell adhesion. The loss of E-cadherin surface expression, and therefore cell-cell adhesion, leads to increased cell migration and invasion. Treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC)-derived cells (SW-480 and HT-29) with 2.0 mM metformin promoted a redistribution of cytosolic E-cadherin to de novo formed puncta along the length of the contacting membranes of these cells. Metformin also promoted translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane of p120-catenin, another core component of the AJs. Furthermore, E-cadherin and p120-catenin colocalized with β-catenin at cell-cell contacts. Western blot analysis of lysates of CRC-derived cells revealed a substantial metformin-induced increase in the level of p120-catenin as well as E-cadherin phosphorylation on Ser838/840 , a modification associated with β-catenin/E-cadherin interaction. These modifications in E-cadherin, p120-catenin and β-catenin localization suggest that metformin induces rebuilding of AJs in CRC-derived cells. Those modifications were accompanied by the inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), as revealed by a significant decrease in the phosphorylation of FAK at Tyr397 and paxillin at Tyr118 . These changes were associated with a reduction in the numbers, but an increase in the size, of focal adhesions and by the inhibition of cell migration. Overall, these observations indicate that metformin targets multiple pathways associated with CRC development and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gastón Amable
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1120, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Martínez-León
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1120, Argentina
| | - María Elisa Picco
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1120, Argentina
| | - Sergio I. Nemirovsky
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Enrique Rozengurt
- Unit of Signal Transduction and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center and Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1768, USA
| | - Osvaldo Rey
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1120, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Komarova NL, Boland CR, Goel A, Wodarz D. Aspirin and the chemoprevention of cancers: A mathematical and evolutionary dynamics perspective. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 12:e1487. [PMID: 32163237 PMCID: PMC7486281 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data indicate that long-term low dose aspirin administration has a protective effect against the occurrence of colorectal cancer, both in sporadic and in hereditary forms of the disease. The mechanisms underlying this protective effect, however, are incompletely understood. The molecular events that lead to protection have been partly defined, but remain to be fully characterized. So far, however, approaches based on evolutionary dynamics have not been discussed much, but can potentially offer important insights. The aim of this review is to highlight this line of investigation and the results that have been obtained. A core observation in this respect is that aspirin has a direct negative impact on the growth dynamics of the cells, by influencing the kinetics of tumor cell division and death. We discuss the application of mathematical models to experimental data to quantify these parameter changes. We then describe further mathematical models that have been used to explore how these aspirin-mediated changes in kinetic parameters influence the probability of successful colony growth versus extinction, and how they affect the evolution of the tumor during aspirin administration. Finally, we discuss mathematical models that have been used to investigate the selective forces that can lead to the rise of mismatch-repair deficient cells in an inflammatory environment, and how this selection can be potentially altered through aspirin-mediated interventions. This article is categorized under: Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models Analytical and Computational Methods > Analytical Methods Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L Komarova
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - C Richard Boland
- Department of Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ajay Goel
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biomedical Research Center, Monrovia, California, USA
| | - Dominik Wodarz
- Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hinze L, Labrosse R, Degar J, Han T, Schatoff EM, Schreek S, Karim S, McGuckin C, Sacher JR, Wagner F, Stanulla M, Yuan C, Sicinska E, Giannakis M, Ng K, Dow LE, Gutierrez A. Exploiting the Therapeutic Interaction of WNT Pathway Activation and Asparaginase for Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:1690-1705. [PMID: 32703769 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-1472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is driven by mutations that activate canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling, but inhibiting WNT has significant on-target toxicity, and there are no approved therapies targeting dominant oncogenic drivers. We recently found that activating a β-catenin-independent branch of WNT signaling that inhibits GSK3-dependent protein degradation induces asparaginase sensitivity in drug-resistant leukemias. To test predictions from our model, we turned to colorectal cancer because these cancers can have WNT-activating mutations that function either upstream (i.e., R-spondin fusions) or downstream (APC or β-catenin mutations) of GSK3, thus allowing WNT/β-catenin and WNT-induced asparaginase sensitivity to be unlinked genetically. We found that asparaginase had little efficacy in APC or β-catenin-mutant colorectal cancer, but was profoundly toxic in the setting of R-spondin fusions. Pharmacologic GSK3α inhibition was sufficient for asparaginase sensitization in APC or β-catenin-mutant colorectal cancer, but not in normal intestinal progenitors. Our findings demonstrate that WNT-induced therapeutic vulnerabilities can be exploited for colorectal cancer therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Solid tumors are thought to be asparaginase-resistant via de novo asparagine synthesis. In leukemia, GSK3α-dependent protein degradation, a catabolic amino acid source, mediates asparaginase resistance. We found that asparaginase is profoundly toxic to colorectal cancers with WNT-activating mutations that inhibit GSK3. Aberrant WNT activation can provide a therapeutic vulnerability in colorectal cancer.See related commentary by Davidsen and Sullivan, p. 1632.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1611.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hinze
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roxane Labrosse
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James Degar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Teng Han
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Emma M Schatoff
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD program, New York, New York
| | - Sabine Schreek
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Salmaan Karim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Connor McGuckin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joshua R Sacher
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Florence Wagner
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Martin Stanulla
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Chen Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ewa Sicinska
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lukas E Dow
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Alejandro Gutierrez
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The Cuban Propolis Component Nemorosone Inhibits Proliferation and Metastatic Properties of Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051827. [PMID: 32155848 PMCID: PMC7084755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of deaths related to colorectal cancer (CRC) are associated with the metastatic process. Alternative therapeutic strategies, such as traditional folk remedies, deserve attention for their potential ability to attenuate the invasiveness of CRC cells. The aim of this study is to investigate the biological activity of brown Cuban propolis (CP) and its main component nemorosone (NEM) and to describe the molecular mechanism(s) by which they inhibit proliferation and metastatic potential of 2 CRC cell lines, i.e., HT-29 and LoVo. Our results show that CP and NEM significantly decreased cell viability and inhibited clonogenic capacity of CRC cells in a dose and time-dependent manner, by arresting the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase and inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, CP and NEM downregulated BCL2 gene expression and upregulated the expression of the proapoptotic genes TP53 and BAX, with a consequent activation of caspase 3/7. They also attenuated cell migration and invasion by inhibiting MMP9 activity, increasing E-cadherin and decreasing β-catenin and vimentin expression, proteins involved in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). In conclusion NEM, besides displaying antiproliferative activity on CRC cells, is able to decrease their metastatic potential by modulating EMT-related molecules. These finding provide new insight about the mechanism(s) of the antitumoral properties of CP, due to NEM content.
Collapse
|
13
|
Amable G, Martínez-León E, Picco ME, Di Siervi N, Davio C, Rozengurt E, Rey O. Metformin inhibits β-catenin phosphorylation on Ser-552 through an AMPK/PI3K/Akt pathway in colorectal cancer cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 112:88-94. [PMID: 31082618 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiologic studies have revealed strong inverse associations between metformin use and risk of colorectal cancer development. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms are still uncertain. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which plays a central role in intestinal homeostasis and sporadic colorectal cancer development, is regulated by phosphorylation cascades that are dependent and independent of Wnt. Here we report that a non-canonical Ser552 phosphorylation in β-catenin, which promotes its nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity, is blocked by metformin via AMPK-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gastón Amable
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Caba, 1120, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Martínez-León
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Caba, 1120, Argentina
| | - María Elisa Picco
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Caba, 1120, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Di Siervi
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Carlos Davio
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina; Departamento de Farmacología, Caba, 1113, Argentina
| | - Enrique Rozengurt
- Unit of Signal Transduction and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Molecular Biology Institute and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1786, USA
| | - Osvaldo Rey
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Caba, 1120, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Evaluation of immunohistochemical expression of survivin and its correlation with -31G/C gene polymorphism in colorectal cancer. Med Mol Morphol 2018; 52:82-89. [PMID: 30128768 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-018-0204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) placed among the most common neoplasm. Survivin is a member of the inhibitor apoptosis gene family. This gene could be associated with aggressive behavior in numerous types of cancers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of survivin gene and its correlation with -31G/C polymorphism in CRC patients. This case-control study was performed on 90 cases: 30 adenocarcinoma, 30 adenomatous polyp, and 30 normal colon. Immunohistochemical expression of survivin evaluated on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue and -31G/C polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results showed that the subjects carrying C/C genotype with 43.3% (p = 0.002' OR = 12.188, CI = 2.530-58.720) and G/C genotype with 43.3% (p = 0.032' OR = 4.432, CI = 1.133-17.341) significantly had increased risk of CRC compared with subjects carrying GG genotype. Allelic frequencies showed statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) among adenocarcinoma (G = 35%, C = 65%), adenomatous (G = 43.3, C = 56.7), and normal group (G = 68.3, C = 31.7). Immunohistological evaluation showed nuclear survivin protein expression in patients with the CC genotype higher than in patient with the GG and GC genotypes (p = 0.002). The results suggest that C allele of - 31G/C polymorphism in survivin might be cooperative in CRC development.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wodarz D, Goel A, Boland CR, Komarova NL. Effect of aspirin on tumour cell colony formation and evolution. J R Soc Interface 2018; 14:rsif.2017.0374. [PMID: 28878032 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin is known to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In a previous study, we quantified the in vitro growth kinetics of different CRC tumour cell lines treated with varying doses of aspirin, measuring the rate of cell division and cell death. Here, we use these measured parameters to calculate the chances of successful clonal expansion and to determine the evolutionary potential of the tumour cell lines in the presence and absence of aspirin. The calculations indicate that aspirin increases the probability that a single tumour cell fails to clonally expand. Further, calculations suggest that aspirin increases the evolutionary potential of an expanding tumour cell colony. An aspirin-treated tumour cell population is predicted to result in the accumulation of more mutations (and is thus more virulent and more difficult to treat) than a cell population of the same size that grew without aspirin. This indicates a potential trade-off between delaying the onset of cancer and increasing its evolutionary potential through chemoprevention. Further work needs to investigate to what extent these findings apply to in vivo settings, and to what degree they contribute to the epidemiologically documented aspirin-mediated protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Wodarz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA .,Department of Mathematics, University of California, Rowland Hall, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastroenterological Research, Baylor Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas TX, USA
| | - C Richard Boland
- University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla CA 92093, USA
| | - Natalia L Komarova
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA.,Department of Mathematics, University of California, Rowland Hall, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Drouet Y, Treilleux I, Viari A, Léon S, Devouassoux-Shisheboran M, Voirin N, de la Fouchardière C, Manship B, Puisieux A, Lasset C, Moyret-Lalle C. Integrated analysis highlights APC11 protein expression as a likely new independent predictive marker for colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7386. [PMID: 29743633 PMCID: PMC5943309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
After a diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), approximately 50% of patients will present distant metastasis. Although significant progress has been made in treatments, most of them will die from the disease. We investigated the predictive and prognostic potential of APC11, the catalytic subunit of APC/C, which has never been examined in the context of CRC. The expression of APC11 was assessed in CRC cell lines, in tissue microarrays (TMAs) and in public datasets. Overexpression of APC11 mRNA was associated with chromosomal instability, lymphovascular invasion and residual tumor. Regression models accounting for the effects of well-known protein markers highlighted association of APC11 protein expression with residual tumor (odds ratio: OR = 6.51; 95% confidence intervals: CI = 1.54–27.59; P = 0.012) and metastasis at diagnosis (OR = 3.87; 95% CI = 1.20–2.45; P = 0.024). Overexpression of APC11 protein was also associated with worse distant relapse-free survival (hazard ratio: HR = 2.60; 95% CI = 1.26–5.37; P = 0.01) and worse overall survival (HR = 2.69; 95% CI = 1.31–5.51; P = 0.007). APC11 overexpression in primary CRC thus represents a potentially novel theranostic marker of metastatic CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youenn Drouet
- Centre Léon Bérard, Département de Santé Publique, Lyon, F-69008, France.,CNRS UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Lyon, F-69373, France
| | | | - Alain Viari
- INRIA Grenoble-Rhône-Alpes, 655 Avenue de l'Europe, 38330, Montbonnot, Saint Martin, France.,Synergie Lyon Cancer, Plateforme de Bioinformatique 'Gilles Thomas' Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Léon
- Centre Léon Bérard, Service d'Anatomopathologie, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Mojgan Devouassoux-Shisheboran
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, F-69008, France.,INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France.,CNRS UMR 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69622, France.,Université Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon, F-69008, France.,LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France.,Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Nicolas Voirin
- Centre Léon Bérard, Département de Santé Publique, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Service d'Hygiéne, Epidémiologie et Prévention, Lyon, F-69437, France
| | | | | | - Alain Puisieux
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, F-69008, France.,INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France.,CNRS UMR 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69622, France.,Université Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon, F-69008, France.,LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Christine Lasset
- Centre Léon Bérard, Département de Santé Publique, Lyon, F-69008, France.,CNRS UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Lyon, F-69373, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69622, France
| | - Caroline Moyret-Lalle
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, F-69008, France. .,INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France. .,CNRS UMR 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France. .,Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69622, France. .,Université Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon, F-69008, France. .,LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
β-catenin knockdown promotes NHERF1-mediated survival of colorectal cancer cells: implications for a double-targeted therapy. Oncogene 2018; 37:3301-3316. [PMID: 29551770 PMCID: PMC6002344 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear activated β-catenin plays a causative role in colorectal cancers (CRC) but remains an elusive therapeutic target. Using human CRC cells harboring different Wnt/β-catenin pathway mutations in APC/KRAS or β-catenin/KRAS genes, and both genetic and pharmacological knockdown approaches, we show that oncogenic β-catenin signaling negatively regulates the expression of NHERF1 (Na+/H+ exchanger 3 regulating factor 1), a PDZ-adaptor protein that is usually lost or downregulated in early dysplastic adenomas to exacerbate nuclear β-catenin activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays demonstrated that β-catenin represses NHERF1 via TCF4 directly, while the association between TCF1 and the Nherf1 promoter increased upon β-catenin knockdown. To note, the occurrence of a cytostatic survival response in settings of single β-catenin-depleted CRC cells was abrogated by combining NHERF1 inhibition via small hairpin RNA (shRNA) or RS5517, a novel PDZ1-domain ligand of NHERF1 that prevented its ectopic nuclear entry. Mechanistically, dual NHERF1/β-catenin targeting promoted an autophagy-to-apoptosis switch consistent with the activation of Caspase-3, the cleavage of PARP and reduced levels of phospho-ERK1/2, Beclin-1, and Rab7 autophagic proteins compared with β-catenin knockdown alone. Collectively, our data unveil novel β-catenin/TCF-dependent mechanisms of CRC carcinogenesis, also offering preclinical proof of concept for combining β-catenin and NHERF1 pharmacological inhibitors as a mechanism-based strategy to augment apoptotic death of CRC cells refractory to current Wnt/β-catenin-targeted therapeutics.
Collapse
|
18
|
c-Cbl mediates the degradation of tumorigenic nuclear β-catenin contributing to the heterogeneity in Wnt activity in colorectal tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 7:71136-71150. [PMID: 27661103 PMCID: PMC5342068 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the loss of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) in a majority of colorectal cancers (CRC), not all CRCs bear hallmarks of Wnt activation, such as nuclear β-catenin. This underscores the presence of other Wnt regulators that are important to define, given the pathogenic and prognostic roles of nuclear β-catenin in human CRC. Herein, we investigated the effect of Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl) on nuclear β-catenin, which is an oncoprotein upregulated in CRC due to loss-of-function APC or gain-of-function CTNNB1 mutations. Despite mechanistic rationale and recent discoveries of c-Cbl's mutations in solid tumors, little is known about its functional importance in CRC. Our study in a cohort of human CRC patients demonstrated an inverse correlation between nuclear β-catenin and c-Cbl. Further investigation showed that the loss of c-Cbl activity significantly enhanced nuclear β-catenin and CRC tumor growth in cell culture and a mouse xenograft model. c-Cbl interacted with and downregulated β-catenin in a manner that was independent of CTNNB1 or APC mutation status. This study demonstrates a previously unrecognized function of c-Cbl as a negative regulator of CRC.
Collapse
|
19
|
Shi L, Meng T, Zhao Z, Han J, Zhang W, Gao F, Cai J. CRISPR knock out CTLA-4 enhances the anti-tumor activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Gene 2017; 636:36-41. [PMID: 28888577 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity plays a pivotal role in cancer immune surveillance. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) is a protein receptor mainly expressed in activated T cells and regulatory T cells. CTLA-4 competes with CD28 for ligand binding and generates inhibitory signals to attenuate T cell activation. The blockade of CTLA-4 mediated immune inhibitory checkpoint has been associated with enhanced anti-tumor immunity. In this study, we use CRISPR-Cas9 system to knock out (KO) CTLA-4 from cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and evaluate its effect on the anti-tumor activity of the CTLs. CTLA-4 KO CTLs robustly enhanced tumor cell death by 40% compared to the control and facilitated apoptosis and caspase activities in tumor cells. The knockout of CTLA-4 also increased TNF-α and IFN-γ secretion of the CTLs by approximately 2-fold. The effectiveness of CTLA-4 KO in enhancing anti-tumor activity of the CTLs was verified in vivo using mouse xenograft model. The xenografted mice treated with CTLA-4 KO CTLs demonstrated repressed tumor growth and prolonged survival compared to the control group. Our data suggest that CRISPR targeting CTLA-4 immune checkpoint could significantly improve the anti-tumor activity of CTLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Shi
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Tongyu Meng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The First Hospital of SJZ, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Zhilong Zhao
- Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, China
| | - Jinsheng Han
- Department of Surgery, Cangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Integrated Hebei, Cangzhou, Hebei 601000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Surgery, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei 056001, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Surgery & Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Jianhui Cai
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China; Department of Surgery & Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Oleic Acid Uptake Reveals the Rescued Enterocyte Phenotype of Colon Cancer Caco-2 by HT29-MTX Cells in Co-Culture Mode. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071573. [PMID: 28726765 PMCID: PMC5536061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal epithelium is the unique route for nutrients and for many pharmaceuticals to enter the body. The present study aimed to analyze precisely whether co-culture of two colon cancer cell lines, mucus-producing cells HT29-MTX and enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells, ameliorate differentiation into an in vitro intestinal barrier model and the signaling pathways involved. Differentiated Caco-2 cells gene datasets were compared first to intestinal or cancer phenotypes and second to signaling pathway gene datasets. Experimental validations were performed in real-time experiments, immunochemistry, and gene expression analyses on Caco-2 versus co-cultures of Caco-2 and HT29-MTX (10%) cells. Partial maintenance of cancer-cell phenotype in differentiated Caco-2 cells was confirmed and fatty acids merged as potential regulators of cancer signaling pathways. HT29-MTX cells induced morphological changes in Caco-2 cells, slightly increased their proliferation rate and profoundly modified gene transcription of phenotype markers, fatty acid receptors, intracellular transporters, and lipid droplet components as well as functional responses to oleic acid. In vitro, enterocyte phenotype was rescued partially by co-culture of cancer cells with goblet cells and completed through oleic acid interaction with signaling pathways dysregulated in cancer cells.
Collapse
|
21
|
Tutuka CSA, Andrews MC, Mariadason JM, Ioannidis P, Hudson C, Cebon J, Behren A. PLX8394, a new generation BRAF inhibitor, selectively inhibits BRAF in colonic adenocarcinoma cells and prevents paradoxical MAPK pathway activation. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:112. [PMID: 28659148 PMCID: PMC5490236 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) are standard of care for the treatment of BRAF V600 mutation-driven metastatic melanoma, but can lead to paradoxical activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway. This can result in the promotion of precancerous lesions and secondary neoplasms, mainly (but not exclusively) associated with pre-existing mutations in RAS genes. We previously reported a patient with synchronous BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma and BRAFwt/KRASG12D-metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), whose CRC relapsed and progressed when treated with the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib (GSK2118436). We used tissue from the resected CRC metastasis to derive a cell line, LM-COL-1, which directly and reliably mimicked the clinical scenario including paradoxical activation of the MAPK signalling pathway resulting in increased cell proliferation upon dabrafenib treatment. Novel BRAF inhibitors (PLX8394 and PLX7904), dubbed as “paradox breakers”, were developed to inhibit V600 mutated oncogenic BRAF without causing paradoxical MAPK pathway activation. In this study we used our LM-COL-1 model alongside multiple other CRC cell lines with varying mutational backgrounds to demonstrate and confirm that the paradox breaker PLX8394 retains on-target inhibition of mutated BRAF V600 without paradoxically promoting MAPK signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candani S A Tutuka
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Miles C Andrews
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,Austin Medical Oncology Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - John M Mariadason
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Ioannidis
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Christopher Hudson
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Jonathan Cebon
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,Austin Medical Oncology Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andreas Behren
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia. .,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mohamed MS, Kobayashi A, Taoka A, Watanabe-Nakayama T, Kikuchi Y, Hazawa M, Minamoto T, Fukumori Y, Kodera N, Uchihashi T, Ando T, Wong RW. High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy Reveals Loss of Nuclear Pore Resilience as a Dying Code in Colorectal Cancer Cells. ACS NANO 2017; 11:5567-5578. [PMID: 28530826 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are the sole turnstile implanted in the nuclear envelope (NE), acting as a central nanoregulator of transport between the cytosol and the nucleus. NPCs consist of ∼30 proteins, termed nucleoporins. About one-third of nucleoporins harbor natively unstructured, intrinsically disordered phenylalanine-glycine strings (FG-Nups), which engage in transport selectivity. Because the barriers insert deeply in the NPC, they are nearly inaccessible. Several in vitro barrier models have been proposed; however, the dynamic FG-Nups protein molecules themselves are imperceptible in vivo. We show here that high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) can be used to directly visualize nanotopographical changes of the nuclear pore inner channel in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Furthermore, using MLN8237/alisertib, an apoptotic and autophagic inducer currently being tested in relapsed cancer clinical trials, we unveiled the functional loss of nucleoporins, particularly the deformation of the FG-Nups barrier, in dying cancer cells. We propose that the loss of this nanoscopic resilience is an irreversible dying code in cells. These findings not only illuminate the potential application of HS-AFM as an intracellular nanoendoscopy but also might aid in the design of future nuclear targeted nanodrug delivery tailored to the individual patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Shaaban Mohamed
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, ‡Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, §Division of Natural System, School of Natural Science and Technology, and ∥Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Akiko Kobayashi
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, ‡Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, §Division of Natural System, School of Natural Science and Technology, and ∥Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Azuma Taoka
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, ‡Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, §Division of Natural System, School of Natural Science and Technology, and ∥Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takahiro Watanabe-Nakayama
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, ‡Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, §Division of Natural System, School of Natural Science and Technology, and ∥Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kikuchi
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, ‡Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, §Division of Natural System, School of Natural Science and Technology, and ∥Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hazawa
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, ‡Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, §Division of Natural System, School of Natural Science and Technology, and ∥Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Toshinari Minamoto
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, ‡Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, §Division of Natural System, School of Natural Science and Technology, and ∥Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumori
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, ‡Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, §Division of Natural System, School of Natural Science and Technology, and ∥Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kodera
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, ‡Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, §Division of Natural System, School of Natural Science and Technology, and ∥Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uchihashi
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, ‡Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, §Division of Natural System, School of Natural Science and Technology, and ∥Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Toshio Ando
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, ‡Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, §Division of Natural System, School of Natural Science and Technology, and ∥Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Richard W Wong
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, ‡Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, §Division of Natural System, School of Natural Science and Technology, and ∥Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zumwalt TJ, Wodarz D, Komarova NL, Toden S, Turner J, Cardenas J, Burn J, Chan AT, Boland CR, Goel A. Aspirin-Induced Chemoprevention and Response Kinetics Are Enhanced by PIK3CA Mutations in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 10:208-218. [PMID: 28154202 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine how aspirin influences the growth kinetics and characteristics of cultured colorectal cancer cells that harbor a variety of different mutational backgrounds, including PIK3CA- and KRAS-activating mutations, and the presence or absence of microsatellite instability. Colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT116, HCT116 + Chr3/5, RKO, SW480, HCT15, CACO2, HT29, and SW48) were treated with pharmacologically relevant doses of aspirin (0.5-10 mmol/L) and evaluated for proliferation and cell-cycle distribution. These parameters were fitted to a mathematical model to quantify the effects and understand the mechanism(s) by which aspirin modifies growth in colorectal cancer cells. We also evaluated the effects of aspirin on key G0-G1 cell-cycle genes that are regulated by the PI3K-Akt pathway. Aspirin decelerated growth rates and disrupted cell-cycle dynamics more profoundly in faster growing colorectal cancer cell lines, which tended to be PIK3CA mutants. Additionally, microarray analysis of 151 colorectal cancer cell lines identified important cell-cycle regulatory genes that are downstream targets of PIK3 and were also dysregulated by aspirin treatment (PCNA and RB1). Our study demonstrated what clinical trials have only speculated, that PIK3CA-mutant colorectal cancers are more sensitive to aspirin. Aspirin inhibited cell growth in all colorectal cancer cell lines regardless of mutational background, but the effects were exacerbated in cells with PIK3CA mutations. Mathematical modeling combined with bench science revealed that cells with PIK3CA-mutations experience significant G0-G1 arrest and explains why patients with PIK3CA mutant colorectal cancers may benefit from aspirin use after diagnosis. Cancer Prev Res; 10(3); 208-18. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Zumwalt
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research; Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Dominik Wodarz
- Department of Mathematics and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Natalia L Komarova
- Department of Mathematics and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Shusuke Toden
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research; Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jacob Turner
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jacob Cardenas
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - John Burn
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - C Richard Boland
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research; Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research; Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang S, Willenberg I, Krohn M, Hecker T, Meckelmann S, Li C, Pan Y, Schebb NH, Steinberg P, Empl MT. Growth-Inhibiting Activity of Resveratrol Imine Analogs on Tumor Cells In Vitro. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170502. [PMID: 28114318 PMCID: PMC5256997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although resveratrol exerts manifold antitumorigenic effects in vitro, its efficacy against malignancies in vivo seems limited. This has been increasingly recognized in recent years and has prompted scientists to search for structurally related compounds with more promising anticarcinogenic and/or pharmacokinetic properties. A class of structurally modified resveratrol derivatives, so-called resveratrol imine analogs (IRA's), might meet these requirements. Therefore, the biological activity of five of these compounds was examined and compared to that of resveratrol. Firstly, the antiproliferative potency of all five IRA's was investigated using the p53 wildtype-carrying colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT-116wt. Then, using the former and a panel of various other tumor cell lines (including the p53 knockout variant HCT-116p53-/-), the growth-inhibiting and cell cycle-disturbing effects of the most potent IRA (IRA 5, 2-[[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]amino]-phenol) were studied as was its influence on cyclooxygenase-2 expression and activity. Finally, rat liver microsomes were used to determine the metabolic stability of that compound. IRA 5 was clearly the most potent compound in HCT-116wt cells, with an unusually high IC50-value of 0.6 μM. However, in the other five cell lines used, the antiproliferative activity was mostly similar to resveratrol and the effects on the cell cycle were heterogeneous. Although all cell lines were affected by treatment with IRA 5, cells expressing functional p53 seemed to react more sensitively, suggesting that this protein plays a modulating role in the induction of IRA 5-mediated biological effects. Lastly, IRA 5 led to contradictory effects on cyclooxygenase-2 expression and activity and was less glucuronidated than resveratrol. As IRA 5 is approximately 50 times more toxic towards HCT-116wt cells, exerts different effects on the cyclooxygenase-2 and is metabolized to a lesser extent, it shows certain advantages over resveratrol and could therefore serve as basis for additional chemical modifications, potentially yielding compounds with more favorable biological and pharmacokinetic features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Willenberg
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Krohn
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Tanja Hecker
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Sven Meckelmann
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Pablo Steinberg
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Telamon Empl
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lipinski KA, Britschgi C, Schrader K, Christinat Y, Frischknecht L, Krek W. Colorectal cancer cells display chaperone dependency for the unconventional prefoldin URI1. Oncotarget 2016; 7:29635-47. [PMID: 27105489 PMCID: PMC5045422 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaperone dependency of cancer cells is an emerging trait that relates to the need of transformed cells to cope with the various stresses associated with the malignant state. URI1 (unconventional prefoldin RPB5 interactor 1) encodes a member of the prefoldin (PFD) family of molecular chaperones that acts as part of a heterohexameric PFD complex, the URI1 complex (URI1C), to promote assembly of multiprotein complexes involved in cell signaling and transcription processes. Here, we report that human colorectal cancer (CRCs) cell lines demonstrate differential dependency on URI1 and on the URI1 partner PFD STAP1 for survival, suggesting that this differential vulnerability of CRC cells is directly linked to URI1C chaperone function. Interestingly, in URI1-dependent CRC cells, URI1 deficiency is associated with non-genotoxic p53 activation and p53-dependent apoptosis. URI1-independent CRC cells do not exhibit such effects even in the context of wildtype p53. Lastly, in tumor xenografts, the conditional depletion of URI1 in URI1-dependent CRC cells was, after tumor establishment, associated with severe inhibition of subsequent tumor growth and activation of p53 target genes. Thus, a subset of CRC cells has acquired a dependency on the URI1 chaperone system for survival, providing an example of 'non-oncogene addiction' and vulnerability for therapeutic targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Britschgi
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karen Schrader
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yann Christinat
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Frischknecht
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wilhelm Krek
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sokolova V, Fiorino A, Zoni E, Crippa E, Reid JF, Gariboldi M, Pierotti MA. The Effects of miR-20a on p21: Two Mechanisms Blocking Growth Arrest in TGF-β-Responsive Colon Carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:3105-14. [PMID: 26012475 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Loss of response to TGF-β is a central event in the genesis of colorectal cancer (CRC), a disease that, in the majority cases, is refractory to growth inhibition induced by this cytokine. However, inactivating mutations at receptors and transducers from the TGF-β cascade occur only in approximately half of CRCs, suggesting the involvement of additional mechanisms altering the response to the cytokine. We have recently described the amplification of the 13q31 locus, where the miR-17-92 cluster maps, associated with overexpression of its members. In this study, we address the potential role of miR-20a, from the miR-17-92 cluster, in the suppression of TGF-β cytostatic response in CRC. Using the poorly tumorigenic and TGF-β-sensitive FET cell line that expresses low miR-20a levels, we first confirmed that miR-20a downmodulated CDKN1A expression, both at mRNA and protein level, through direct binding to its 3'-UTR. We demonstrated that miR-20a significantly diminished cell response to TGF-β by preventing its delay of G1/S transition and promoting progression into cell cycle. Moreover, besides modulating CDKN1A, miR-20a blocked TGF-β-induced transactivation of its promoter without affecting the post-receptor activation of Smad3/4 effectors directly. Finally, miR-20a abrogated the TGF-β-mediated c-Myc repression, a direct inhibitor of the CDKN1A promoter activation, most likely by reducing the expression of specific MYC-regulating genes from the Smad/E2F-based core repressor complex. Our experiments indicate that miR-20a interferes with the colonic epithelium homeostasis by disrupting the regulation of Myc/p21 by TGF-β, which is essential for its malignant transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Sokolova
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milano, Italy.,Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Fiorino
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Zoni
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milano, Italy.,Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Crippa
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milano, Italy.,Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - James F Reid
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milano, Italy.,Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Gariboldi
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milano, Italy.,Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco A Pierotti
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang Y, Talmon G, Wang J. MicroRNA-587 antagonizes 5-FU-induced apoptosis and confers drug resistance by regulating PPP2R1B expression in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1845. [PMID: 26247730 PMCID: PMC4558495 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is one of the major hurdles for cancer treatment. However, the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown and therapeutic options remain limited. In this study, we show that microRNA (miR)-587 confers resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced apoptosis in vitro and reduces the potency of 5-FU in the inhibition of tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model in vivo. Further studies indicate that miR-587 modulates drug resistance through downregulation of expression of PPP2R1B, a regulatory subunit of the PP2A complex, which negatively regulates AKT activation. Knockdown of PPP2R1B expression increases AKT phosphorylation, which leads to elevated XIAP expression and enhanced 5-FU resistance; whereas rescue of PPP2R1B expression in miR-587-expressing cells decreases AKT phosphorylation/XIAP expression, re-sensitizing colon cancer cells to 5-FU-induced apoptosis. Moreover, a specific and potent AKT inhibitor, MK2206, reverses miR-587-conferred 5-FU resistance. Importantly, studies of colorectal cancer specimens indicate that the expression of miR-587 and PPP2R1B positively and inversely correlates with chemoresistance, respectively, in colorectal cancer. These findings indicate that the miR-587/PPP2R1B/pAKT/XIAP signaling axis has an important role in mediating response to chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. A major implication of our study is that inhibition of miR-587 or restoration of PPP2R1B expression may have significant therapeutic potential to overcome drug resistance in colorectal cancer patients and that the combined use of an AKT inhibitor with 5-FU may increase efficacy in colorectal cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- 1] Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - G Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - J Wang
- 1] Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA [3] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Biyajima K, Kakizaki F, Shen X, Mori K, Sugai M, Taketo MM, Yokota Y. Id2 deletion attenuates Apc-deficient ileal tumor formation. Biol Open 2015; 4:993-1001. [PMID: 26163528 PMCID: PMC4542283 DOI: 10.1242/bio.012252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression level of inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) is increased in colorectal carcinomas and is positively correlated with poor prognosis. However, the functional significance of Id2 in intestinal tumorigenesis has not been fully defined using genetic approaches. Here, we show that Id2 promotes ileal tumor initiation in Apc-deficient mice. Expression of Id2 was stimulated by Wnt signaling through the enhancer region of the Id2 promoter at the early stage of tumorigenesis in Apc+/Δ716 (ApcΔ716) mice. Genetic depletion of Id2 in ApcΔ716 mice caused ∼80% reduction in the number of ileal polyps, but had little effect on tumor size. Notably, the lack of Id2 increased the number of apoptotic cells in the normal crypt epithelium of the mice. Furthermore, DNA microarray analysis revealed that the expression level of Max dimerization protein 1 (Mxd1), known as a c-Myc antagonist, was specifically increased by Id2 deletion in the ileal intestinal epithelium of ApcΔ716 mice. In contrast, the protein level of c-Myc, but not the mRNA level, was decreased by loss of Id2 in these mice. These results indicate that loss of Id2 inhibits tumor initiation by up-regulation of Mxd1 and down-regulation of c-Myc in ApcΔ716 mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Biyajima
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformative Sciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kakizaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoé-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Xiaodong Shen
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformative Sciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mori
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformative Sciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Manabu Sugai
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformative Sciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - M Mark Taketo
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoé-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Yokota
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformative Sciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang Y, Geng L, Talmon G, Wang J. MicroRNA-520g confers drug resistance by regulating p21 expression in colorectal cancer. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6215-25. [PMID: 25616665 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.620252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of drug resistance is one of the major causes of colorectal cancer recurrence, yet mechanistic understanding and therapeutic options remain limited. Here, we show that expression of microRNA (miR)-520g is correlated with drug resistance of colon cancer cells. Ectopic expression of miR-520g conferred resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)- or oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis in vitro and reduced the effectiveness of 5-FU in the inhibition of tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model in vivo. Further studies indicated that miR-520g mediated drug resistance through down-regulation of p21 expression. Moreover, p53 suppressed miR-520g expression, and deletion of p53 up-regulated miR-520g expression. Inhibition of miR-520g in p53(-/-) cells increased their sensitivity to 5-FU treatment. Importantly, studies of patient samples indicated that expression of miR-520g correlated with chemoresistance in colorectal cancer. These findings indicate that the p53/miR-520g/p21 signaling axis plays an important role in the response of colorectal cancer to chemotherapy. A major implication of our studies is that inhibition of miR-520g or restoration of p21 expression may have considerable therapeutic potential to overcome drug resistance in colorectal cancer patients, especially in those with mutant p53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy
| | - Liying Geng
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases
| | - Geoffrey Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Jing Wang
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, and
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
NHERF1/EBP50 controls morphogenesis of 3D colonic glands by stabilizing PTEN and ezrin-radixin-moesin proteins at the apical membrane. Neoplasia 2015; 16:365-74.e1-2. [PMID: 24862762 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3 regulating factor 1/ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM)-binding phosphoprotein 50 (NHERF1/EBP50), an adaptor molecule that interacts with the ERM-neurofibromatosis type 2 family of cytoskeletal proteins through its ERM-binding region and with phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and β-catenin through its PDZ domains, has been recently implicated in the progression of various human malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). We report here that NHERF1 controls gland morphogenesis, as demonstrated in three-dimensional (3D) human intestinal glands developing from a single nonpolarized cell. Starting from the early two-cell developmental stage, NHERF1 concentrates at the cellular interface in a central membrane disc that marks the apical pole delimiting the forming lumen. NHERF1 depletion leads to severe disruption of the apical-basal polarity, with formation of enlarged and distorted cell spheroids devoid of a central lumen. This characteristic and the increased number of mitoses in NHERF1-depleted spheroids, including multipolar ones, mimic high-grade dysplasia lesions observed in CRC progression. NHERF1 ERM-binding or PDZ-domain mutants fail to localize apically and impair gland formation most likely by outcompeting endogenous ligands, with the latter mutant completely aborting gland development. Examination of NHERF1 ligands showed that even if both ezrin and moesin colocalized with NHERF1 at the apical membrane, moesin but not ezrin depletion disrupted morphogenesis similarly to NHERF1. NHERF1 depletion resulted also in membrane displacement of PTEN and nuclear translocation of β-catenin, events contributing to polarity loss and increased proliferation. These findings reveal an essential role of NHERF1 in epithelial morphogenesis and polarity and validate this 3D system for modeling the molecular changes observed in CRC.
Collapse
|
31
|
Fujii S, Matsumoto S, Nojima S, Morii E, Kikuchi A. Arl4c expression in colorectal and lung cancers promotes tumorigenesis and may represent a novel therapeutic target. Oncogene 2014; 34:4834-44. [PMID: 25486429 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that expression of ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)-like 4c (Arl4c) induced by a combination of Wnt/β-catenin and epidermal growth factor/Ras signaling in normal epithelial cells grown in three-dimensional culture promotes cellular migration and proliferation, resulting in formation of tube-like structures, suggesting the involvement of Arl4c in epithelial morphogenesis. It is conceivable that there could be a common mechanism between epithelial morphogenesis and carcinogenesis. Therefore the current study was conducted to investigate whether Arl4c might be involved in tumorigenesis. Immunohistochemical analyses of tissue specimens obtained from colorectal and lung cancer patients revealed that Arl4c was not observed in non-tumor regions but was strongly expressed at high frequencies in tumor lesions. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin or Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling reduced Arl4c mRNA levels in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells and A549 lung cancer cells. Knockdown of Arl4c inhibited Rac activity and also prevented nuclear localization of yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) in these cancer cells. Arl4c-depleted cancer cells consistently showed decreased migration, invasion and proliferation capabilities both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, direct injection of Arl4c small interfering RNA (siRNA) into HCT116 cell-derived tumors (in vivo treatment with siRNA) inhibited tumor growth in immunodeficient mice. These results suggest that Arl4c is involved in tumorigenesis and might represent a novel therapeutic target for suppressing proliferation and invasion of colorectal and lung cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Fujii
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Interdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences (IPBS), Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - S Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - S Nojima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - E Morii
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - A Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li TWH, Peng H, Yang H, Kurniawidjaja S, Panthaki P, Zheng Y, Mato JM, Lu SC. S-Adenosylmethionine and methylthioadenosine inhibit β-catenin signaling by multiple mechanisms in liver and colon cancer. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 87:77-86. [PMID: 25338671 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.095679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe), the principal methyl donor that is available as a nutritional supplement, and its metabolite methylthioadenosine (MTA) exert chemopreventive properties against liver and colon cancer in experimental models. Both agents reduced β-catenin expression on immunohistochemistry in a murine colitis-associated colon cancer model. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanisms involved. SAMe or MTA treatment in the colitis-associated cancer model lowered total β-catenin protein levels by 47 and 78%, respectively. In an orthotopic liver cancer model, increasing SAMe levels by overexpressing methionine adenosyltransferase 1A also reduced total β-catenin levels by 68%. In both cases, lower cyclin D1 and c-Myc expression correlated with lower β-catenin levels. In liver (HepG2) and colon (SW480, HCT116) cancer cells with constitutively active β-catenin signaling, SAMe and MTA treatment inhibited β-catenin activity by excluding it from the nuclear compartment. However, in liver (Huh-7) and colon (RKO) cancer cells expressing wild-type Wnt/β-catenin, SAMe and MTA accelerated β-catenin degradation by a glycogen synthase kinase 3-β-dependent mechanism. Both agents lowered protein kinase B activity, but this was not mediated by inhibiting phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Instead, both agents increased the activity of protein phosphatase 2A, which inactivates protein kinase B. The effect of MTA on lowering β-catenin is direct and not mediated by its conversion to SAMe, as blocking this conversion had no influence. In conclusion, SAMe and MTA inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling in colon and liver cancer cells regardless of whether this pathway is aberrantly induced, making them ideal candidates for chemoprevention and/or chemotherapy in these cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tony W H Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.W.H.L., H.P., H.Y., S.C.L.); University of Southern California Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California (T.W.H.L., H.P., H.Y., S.K., P.P., S.C.L.); Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (Y.Z.); and CIC bioGUNE, Ciberehd, Bizkaia, Spain (J.M.M.)
| | - Hui Peng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.W.H.L., H.P., H.Y., S.C.L.); University of Southern California Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California (T.W.H.L., H.P., H.Y., S.K., P.P., S.C.L.); Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (Y.Z.); and CIC bioGUNE, Ciberehd, Bizkaia, Spain (J.M.M.)
| | - Heping Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.W.H.L., H.P., H.Y., S.C.L.); University of Southern California Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California (T.W.H.L., H.P., H.Y., S.K., P.P., S.C.L.); Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (Y.Z.); and CIC bioGUNE, Ciberehd, Bizkaia, Spain (J.M.M.)
| | - Steven Kurniawidjaja
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.W.H.L., H.P., H.Y., S.C.L.); University of Southern California Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California (T.W.H.L., H.P., H.Y., S.K., P.P., S.C.L.); Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (Y.Z.); and CIC bioGUNE, Ciberehd, Bizkaia, Spain (J.M.M.)
| | - Parizad Panthaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.W.H.L., H.P., H.Y., S.C.L.); University of Southern California Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California (T.W.H.L., H.P., H.Y., S.K., P.P., S.C.L.); Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (Y.Z.); and CIC bioGUNE, Ciberehd, Bizkaia, Spain (J.M.M.)
| | - Yuhua Zheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.W.H.L., H.P., H.Y., S.C.L.); University of Southern California Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California (T.W.H.L., H.P., H.Y., S.K., P.P., S.C.L.); Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (Y.Z.); and CIC bioGUNE, Ciberehd, Bizkaia, Spain (J.M.M.)
| | - José M Mato
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.W.H.L., H.P., H.Y., S.C.L.); University of Southern California Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California (T.W.H.L., H.P., H.Y., S.K., P.P., S.C.L.); Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (Y.Z.); and CIC bioGUNE, Ciberehd, Bizkaia, Spain (J.M.M.)
| | - Shelly C Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.W.H.L., H.P., H.Y., S.C.L.); University of Southern California Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California (T.W.H.L., H.P., H.Y., S.K., P.P., S.C.L.); Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (Y.Z.); and CIC bioGUNE, Ciberehd, Bizkaia, Spain (J.M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hong Y, Won J, Lee Y, Lee S, Park K, Chang KT, Hong Y. Melatonin treatment induces interplay of apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence in human colorectal cancer cells. J Pineal Res 2014; 56:264-74. [PMID: 24484372 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In Asia, the incidence of colorectal cancer has been increasing gradually due to a more Westernized lifestyle. The aim of study is to determine the interaction between melatonin-induced cell death and cellular senescence. We treated HCT116 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells with 10 μm melatonin and determined the levels of cell death-related proteins and evaluated cell cycle kinetics. The plasma membrane melatonin receptor, MT1, was significantly decreased by melatonin in a time-dependent manner, whereas the nuclear receptor, RORα, was increased only after 12 hr treatment. HCT116 cells, which upregulated both pro-apoptotic Bax and anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL in the early response to melatonin treatment, activated autophagic as well as apoptotic machinery within 18 hr. Melatonin decreased the S-phase population of the cells to 57% of the control at 48 hr, which was concomitant with a reduction in BrdU-positive cells in the melatonin-treated cell population. We found not only marked attenuation of E- and A-type cyclins, but also increased expression of p16 and p-p21. Compared to the cardiotoxicity of Trichostatin A in vitro, single or cumulative melatonin treatment induced insignificant detrimental effects on neonatal cardiomyocytes. We found that 10 μm melatonin activated cell death programs early and induced G1-phase arrest at the advanced phase. Therefore, we suggest that melatonin is a potential chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of colon cancer, the effects of which are mediated by regulation of both cell death and senescence in cancerous cells with minimized cardiotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunkyung Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea; Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disease Center, College of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea; Ubiquitous Healthcare Research Center, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Epigenetic and genetic features of 24 colon cancer cell lines. Oncogenesis 2013; 2:e71. [PMID: 24042735 PMCID: PMC3816225 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2013.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 622] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell lines are invaluable biomedical research tools, and recent literature has emphasized the importance of genotype authentication and characterization. In the present study, 24 out of 27 cell line identities were confirmed by short tandem repeat profiling. The molecular phenotypes of the 24 colon cancer cell lines were examined, and microsatellite instability (MSI) and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) were determined, using the Bethesda panel mononucleotide repeat loci and two epimarker panels, respectively. Furthermore, the BRAF, KRAS and PIK3CA oncogenes were analyzed for mutations in known hotspots, while the entire coding sequences of the PTEN and TP53 tumor suppressors were investigated. Nine cell lines showed MSI. Thirteen and nine cell lines were found to be CIMP positive, using the Issa panel and the Weisenberger et al. panel, respectively. The latter was found to be superior for CIMP classification of colon cancer cell lines. Seventeen cell lines harbored disrupting TP53 mutations. Altogether, 20/24 cell lines had the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activating mutually exclusive KRAS or BRAF mutations. PIK3CA and PTEN mutations leading to hyperactivation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway were observed in 13/24 cell lines. Interestingly, in four cell lines there were no mutations in neither BRAF, KRAS, PIK3CA nor in PTEN. In conclusion, this study presents molecular features of a large number of colon cancer cell lines to aid the selection of suitable in vitro models for descriptive and functional research.
Collapse
|
35
|
Kfoury A, Le Corf K, El Sabeh R, Journeaux A, Badran B, Hussein N, Lebecque S, Manié S, Renno T, Coste I. MyD88 in DNA repair and cancer cell resistance to genotoxic drugs. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013; 105:937-46. [PMID: 23766530 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djt120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MyD88 is an adaptor molecule in Toll-like receptor and interleukin 1 receptor signaling implicated in tumorigenesis through proinflammatory mechanisms. We have recently reported that MyD88 also directly promotes optimal activation of the Ras/Erk pathway. Here we investigate MyD88 implication in the maintenance of the transformation of Ras-dependent tumors. METHODS RNA interference was used to inhibit MyD88 expression in the colon cancer cell lines HCT116 and LS513. Apoptosis, DNA damage, p53 function, ERCC1 levels, and Ras and inflammatory signaling pathways were analyzed. Using in vitro assays and xenotransplantation in nude mice (five per group), HCT116 tumor growth was assessed following MyD88 knockdown in presence or absence of chemotherapy. RESULTS MyD88 exerts antiapoptotic functions in colon cancer cells via the Ras/Erk, but not the NF-κB, pathway. MyD88 inhibition leads to defective ERCC1-dependent DNA repair and to accumulation of DNA damage, resulting in cancer cell death via p53. Furthermore, we show that knocking down MyD88 sensitizes cancer cells to genotoxic agents such as platinum salts in vitro and in vivo. Indeed, HCT116 tumor growth following treatment with a combination of suboptimal MyD88 inhibition and suboptimal doses of cisplatin (fold tumor increase = 5.4 ± 1.6) was statistically significantly reduced in comparison to treatment with doxycycline alone (12.4 ± 3.1) or with cisplatin alone (12.5 ± 2.6) (P = .005 for both, one-sided Student t test). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results indicate a novel and original link between inflammation, DNA repair, and cancer, and provide further rationale for MyD88 as a potential therapeutic target in Ras-dependent cancers, in the context of concomitant genotoxic chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
36
|
de la Cruz-Morcillo MA, García-Cano J, Arias-González L, García-Gil E, Artacho-Cordón F, Ríos-Arrabal S, Valero ML, Cimas FJ, Serrano-Oviedo L, Villas MV, Romero-Fernández J, Núñez MI, Sánchez-Prieto R. Abrogation of the p38 MAPK α signaling pathway does not promote radioresistance but its activity is required for 5-Fluorouracil-associated radiosensitivity. Cancer Lett 2013; 335:66-74. [PMID: 23403078 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The p38 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway has become a major player in the response to DNA-damage. A growing body of evidences has been relating this signaling pathway to the cellular response to ionizing radiation (IR), suggesting a role in radioresistance. Here, we study the implication of this signaling pathway in the response to IR in terms of radioresistance. To this end we used 10 different cell lines derived from several types of tumors (colorectal, non-small cell lung cancer -NSCLC-, renal and glioblastoma). Although p38 MAPK is transiently activated by IR, our data, obtained by genetic and chemical approaches, showed that this signaling pathway is not implicated in cellular viability after IR exposure. Indeed, down-modulation of this signaling pathway promotes a mild radiosensitivity depending on the cell line. However, it is remarkable that lack of p38 MAPK α abrogates the radiosensitizing effect of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in HCT116 cell line, supporting the role of this MAPK in the radiosensitizing action of 5-FU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A de la Cruz-Morcillo
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), UCLM, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Collura A, Marisa L, Trojan D, Buhard O, Lagrange A, Saget A, Bombled M, Méchighel P, Ayadi M, Muleris M, de Reynies A, Svrcek M, Fléjou JF, Florent JC, Mahuteau-Betzer F, Faussat AM, Duval A. Extensive characterization of sphere models established from colorectal cancer cell lines. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:729-42. [PMID: 23007843 PMCID: PMC11113113 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Links between cancer and stem cells have been proposed for many years. As the cancer stem cell (CSC) theory became widely studied, new methods were developed to culture and expand cancer cells with conserved determinants of "stemness". These cells show increased ability to grow in suspension as spheres in serum-free medium supplemented with growth factors and chemicals. The physiological relevance of this phenomenon in established cancer cell lines remains unclear. Cell lines have traditionally been used to explore tumor biology and serve as preclinical models for the screening of potential therapeutic agents. Here, we grew cell-forming spheres (CFS) from 25 established colorectal cancer cell lines. The molecular and cellular characteristics of CFS were compared to the bulk of tumor cells. CFS could be isolated from 72 % of the cell lines. Both CFS and their parental CRC cell lines were highly tumorigenic. Compared to their parental cells, they showed similar expression of putative CSC markers. The ability of CRC cells to grow as CFS was greatly enhanced by prior treatment with 5-fluorouracil. At the molecular level, CFS and parental CRC cells showed identical gene mutations and very similar genomic profiles, although microarray analysis revealed changes in CFS gene expression that were independent of DNA copy-number. We identified a CFS gene expression signature common to CFS from all CRC cell lines, which was predictive of disease relapse in CRC patients. In conclusion, CFS models derived from CRC cell lines possess interesting phenotypic features that may have clinical relevance for drug resistance and disease relapse.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Colon/drug effects
- Colon/metabolism
- Colon/pathology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Fluorouracil/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Rectum/drug effects
- Rectum/metabolism
- Rectum/pathology
- Spheroids, Cellular/drug effects
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ada Collura
- Inserm, UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe “Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancers”, 75012 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS 938 Team “Microsatellite Instability and Cancer”, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184, rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France
| | - Laetitia Marisa
- Programme “Cartes d’Identité des Tumeurs”, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Diletta Trojan
- Inserm, UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe “Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancers”, 75012 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Buhard
- Inserm, UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe “Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancers”, 75012 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, France
| | - Anaïs Lagrange
- Inserm, UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe “Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancers”, 75012 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Saget
- Inserm, UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe “Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancers”, 75012 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, France
| | - Marianne Bombled
- UMR 176 CNRS/Institut Curie, Universite Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Patricia Méchighel
- Inserm, UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe “Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancers”, 75012 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, France
| | - Mira Ayadi
- Programme “Cartes d’Identité des Tumeurs”, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Martine Muleris
- Inserm, UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe “Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancers”, 75012 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien de Reynies
- Programme “Cartes d’Identité des Tumeurs”, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Magali Svrcek
- Inserm, UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe “Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancers”, 75012 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d’Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Tumorothèque CancerEst, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Fléjou
- Inserm, UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe “Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancers”, 75012 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d’Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Tumorothèque CancerEst, 75012 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Alex Duval
- Inserm, UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe “Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancers”, 75012 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS 938 Team “Microsatellite Instability and Cancer”, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184, rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Park EJ, Chung HJ, Park HJ, Kim GD, Ahn YH, Lee SK. Suppression of Src/ERK and GSK-3/β-catenin signaling by pinosylvin inhibits the growth of human colorectal cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55:424-33. [PMID: 23333577 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pinosylvin, a naturally occurring trans-stilbenoid mainly found in Pinus species, has exhibited a potential cancer chemopreventive activity. However, the growth inhibitory activity against cancer cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Therefore, the anti-proliferative activity of pinosylvin was investigated in human colorectal HCT 116 cancer cells. Pinosylvin inhibited the proliferation of HCT 116 cells by arresting transition of cell cycle from G1 to S phase along with the downregulation of cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin A, cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), CDK4, c-Myc, and retinoblastoma protein (pRb), and the upregulation of p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p53. Pinosylvin was also found to attenuate the activation of proteins involved in focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/c-Src/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/ glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) signaling pathway. Subsequently, pinosylvin suppressed the nuclear translocation of β-catenin, one of downstream molecules of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling, and these events led to the sequential downregulation of β-catenin-mediated transcription of target genes including BMP4, ID2, survivin, cyclin D1, MMP7, and c-Myc. These findings demonstrate that the anti-proliferative activity of pinosylvin might be associated with the cell cycle arrest and downregulation of cell proliferation regulating signaling pathways in human colorectal cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mologni L, Brussolo S, Ceccon M, Gambacorti-Passerini C. Synergistic effects of combined Wnt/KRAS inhibition in colorectal cancer cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51449. [PMID: 23227266 PMCID: PMC3515485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Wnt signalling due to inability to degrade β-catenin is found in >85% of colorectal cancers. Approximately half of colon cancers express a constitutively active KRAS protein. A significant fraction of patients show both abnormalities. We previously reported that simultaneous down-regulation of both β-catenin and KRAS was necessary to induce significant cell death and tumor growth inhibition of colorectal cancer cells. Although attractive, an RNAi-based therapeutic approach is still far from being employed in the clinical setting. Therefore, we sought to recapitulate our previous findings by the use of small-molecule inhibitors of β-catenin and KRAS. We show here that the β-catenin inhibitors PKF115-584 and pyrvinium pamoate block β-catenin-dependent transcriptional activity and synergize with the KRAS inhibitor S-trans, trans-farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS, salirasib) in colon cancer cells driven by Wnt and KRAS oncogenic signals, but not in cells carrying BRAF mutations. The combined use of these compounds was superior to the use of any drug alone in inducing cell growth arrest, cell death, MYC and survivin down-modulation, and inhibition of anchorage-independent growth. Expression analysis of selected cancer-relevant genes revealed down-regulation of CD44 as a common response to the combined treatments. These data provide a proof of principle for a combination therapeutic strategy in colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mologni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Christensen J, El-Gebali S, Natoli M, Sengstag T, Delorenzi M, Bentz S, Bouzourene H, Rumbo M, Felsani A, Siissalo S, Hirvonen J, Vila MR, Saletti P, Aguet M, Anderle P. Defining new criteria for selection of cell-based intestinal models using publicly available databases. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:274. [PMID: 22726358 PMCID: PMC3412164 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The criteria for choosing relevant cell lines among a vast panel of available intestinal-derived lines exhibiting a wide range of functional properties are still ill-defined. The objective of this study was, therefore, to establish objective criteria for choosing relevant cell lines to assess their appropriateness as tumor models as well as for drug absorption studies. Results We made use of publicly available expression signatures and cell based functional assays to delineate differences between various intestinal colon carcinoma cell lines and normal intestinal epithelium. We have compared a panel of intestinal cell lines with patient-derived normal and tumor epithelium and classified them according to traits relating to oncogenic pathway activity, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness, migratory properties, proliferative activity, transporter expression profiles and chemosensitivity. For example, SW480 represent an EMT-high, migratory phenotype and scored highest in terms of signatures associated to worse overall survival and higher risk of recurrence based on patient derived databases. On the other hand, differentiated HT29 and T84 cells showed gene expression patterns closest to tumor bulk derived cells. Regarding drug absorption, we confirmed that differentiated Caco-2 cells are the model of choice for active uptake studies in the small intestine. Regarding chemosensitivity we were unable to confirm a recently proposed association of chemo-resistance with EMT traits. However, a novel signature was identified through mining of NCI60 GI50 values that allowed to rank the panel of intestinal cell lines according to their drug responsiveness to commonly used chemotherapeutics. Conclusions This study presents a straightforward strategy to exploit publicly available gene expression data to guide the choice of cell-based models. While this approach does not overcome the major limitations of such models, introducing a rank order of selected features may allow selecting model cell lines that are more adapted and pertinent to the addressed biological question.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Christensen
- 1Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry and Center for Biological Signaling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pritchard CC, Smith C, Salipante SJ, Lee MK, Thornton AM, Nord AS, Gulden C, Kupfer SS, Swisher EM, Bennett RL, Novetsky AP, Jarvik GP, Olopade OI, Goodfellow PJ, King MC, Tait JF, Walsh T. ColoSeq provides comprehensive lynch and polyposis syndrome mutational analysis using massively parallel sequencing. J Mol Diagn 2012; 14:357-66. [PMID: 22658618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer) and adenomatous polyposis syndromes frequently have overlapping clinical features. Current approaches for molecular genetic testing are often stepwise, taking a best-candidate gene approach with testing of additional genes if initial results are negative. We report a comprehensive assay called ColoSeq that detects all classes of mutations in Lynch and polyposis syndrome genes using targeted capture and massively parallel next-generation sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq2000 instrument. In blinded specimens and colon cancer cell lines with defined mutations, ColoSeq correctly identified 28/28 (100%) pathogenic mutations in MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, EPCAM, APC, and MUTYH, including single nucleotide variants (SNVs), small insertions and deletions, and large copy number variants. There was 100% reproducibility of detection mutation between independent runs. The assay correctly identified 222 of 224 heterozygous SNVs (99.4%) in HapMap samples, demonstrating high sensitivity of calling all variants across each captured gene. Average coverage was greater than 320 reads per base pair when the maximum of 96 index samples with barcodes were pooled. In a specificity study of 19 control patients without cancer from different ethnic backgrounds, we did not find any pathogenic mutations but detected two variants of uncertain significance. ColoSeq offers a powerful, cost-effective means of genetic testing for Lynch and polyposis syndromes that eliminates the need for stepwise testing and multiple follow-up clinical visits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin C Pritchard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abnormal Wnt and PI3Kinase signaling in the malformed intestine of lama5 deficient mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37710. [PMID: 22666383 PMCID: PMC3364287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminins are major constituents of basement membranes and are essential for tissue homeostasis. Laminin-511 is highly expressed in the intestine and its absence causes severe malformation of the intestine and embryonic lethality. To understand the mechanistic role of laminin-511 in tissue homeostasis, we used RNA profiling of embryonic intestinal tissue of lama5 knockout mice and identified a lama5 specific gene expression signature. By combining cell culture experiments with mediated knockdown approaches, we provide a mechanistic link between laminin α5 gene deficiency and the physiological phenotype. We show that laminin α5 plays a crucial role in both epithelial and mesenchymal cell behavior by inhibiting Wnt and activating PI3K signaling. We conclude that conflicting signals are elicited in the absence of lama5, which alter cell adhesion, migration as well as epithelial and muscle differentiation. Conversely, adhesion to laminin-511 may serve as a potent regulator of known interconnected PI3K/Akt and Wnt signaling pathways. Thus deregulated adhesion to laminin-511 may be instrumental in diseases such as human pathologies of the gut where laminin-511 is abnormally expressed as it is shown here.
Collapse
|
43
|
Xavier CPR, Lima CF, Fernandes-Ferreira M, Pereira-Wilson C. Hypericum androsaemum water extract inhibits proliferation in human colorectal cancer cells through effects on MAP kinases and PI3K/Akt pathway. Food Funct 2012; 3:844-52. [PMID: 22596086 DOI: 10.1039/c2fo10226a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
MAP kinase and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways are commonly altered in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) leading to tumor growth due to increased cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. Several species of the genus Hypericum are used in Portugal to prepare herbal teas to which digestive tract effects are attributed. In the present study, the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of the water extracts of H. androsaemum (HA) and H. perforatum (HP) were investigated in two human colon carcinoma-derived cell lines, HCT15 and CO115, which harbour activating mutations of KRAS and BRAF, respectively. Contrarily to HP, HA significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in both cell lines. HA decreased BRAF and phospho-ERK expressions in CO115, but not in HCT15. HA also decreased Akt phosphorylation in CO115 and induced p38 and JNK in both cell lines. HA induced cell cycle arrest at S and G2/M phases as well as caspase-dependent apoptosis in both cell lines. Chlorogenic acid (CA), the main phenolic compound present in the HA extract and less represented in the HP water extract, did, however, not show any of those effects when used individually. In conclusion, water extract of HA, but not of HP, controlled CRC proliferation and specifically acted on mutant and not wild-type BRAF. The effect of HA was, however, not due to CA alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina P R Xavier
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology/Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Arango D, Al-Obaidi S, Williams DS, Dopeso H, Mazzolini R, Corner G, Byun DS, Carr AA, Murone C, Tögel L, Zeps N, Aaltonen LA, Iacopetta B, Mariadason JM. Villin expression is frequently lost in poorly differentiated colon cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 180:1509-21. [PMID: 22349300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancers (CRCs) are classified as having microsatellite instability (MSI) or chromosomal instability (CIN); herein termed microsatellite stable (MSS). MSI colon cancers frequently display a poorly differentiated histology for which the molecular basis is not well understood. Gene expression and immunohistochemical profiling of MSS and MSI CRC cell lines and tumors revealed significant down-regulation of the intestinal-specific cytoskeletal protein villin in MSI colon cancer, with complete absence in 62% and 17% of MSI cell lines and tumors, respectively. Investigation of 577 CRCs linked loss of villin expression to poorly differentiated histology in MSI and MSS tumors. Furthermore, mislocalization of villin from the membrane was prognostic for poorer outcome in MSS patients. Loss of villin expression was not due to coding sequence mutations, epigenetic inactivation, or promoter mutation. Conversely, in transient transfection assays villin promoter activity reflected endogenous villin expression, suggesting transcriptional control. A screen of gut-specific transcription factors revealed a significant correlation between expression of villin and the homeobox transcription factor Cdx-1. Cdx-1 overexpression induced villin promoter activity, Cdx-1 knockdown down-regulated endogenous villin expression, and deletion of a key Cdx-binding site within the villin promoter attenuated promoter activity. Loss of Cdx-1 expression in CRC lines was associated with Cdx-1 promoter methylation. These findings demonstrate that loss of villin expression due to Cdx-1 loss is a feature of poorly differentiated CRCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Arango
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Research Center-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Expression of NHERF1 in colonic tumors induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats is independent of plasma ovarian steroids. Discov Oncol 2011; 2:214-23. [PMID: 21761111 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-011-0075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In normal embryonic fibroblasts, the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulator factor 1 (NHERF1) stabilizes E-cadherin/β-catenin binding and the lack of NHERF1 expression promotes cell transformation thus acting as a tumor suppressor gene. We here tested the hypothesis that NHERF1 could act as a tumor suppressor gene in colon cancer as a mediator of estrogens' protective actions in colon carcinogenesis. We studied the expression and localization of NHERF1 and β-catenin by immunohistochemistry in colonic tumors induced by 1,2 dimethylhidrazine (DMH) in Sprague-Dawley rats. One group of the rats treated with the carcinogen was ovariectomized (OVX) in the middle of the tumor induction, simulating a human menopausal condition. We observed a protective role of estrogens in colon cancer, as non-ovariectomized rats (DMH) had a reduced tumor area compared with the ovariectomized group (DMH + OVX; mean ± SE) 28.98 ± 4.65 vs. 67.58 ± 8.69 (p < 0.00380). Despite the lack of plasma estrogen stimulation, we found abundant expression of NHERF1 in colon tumors from ovariectomized rats. NHERF1 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of the adenocarcinoma cells and lost the apical localization previously reported in normal colon tissue. We also detected expression of NHERF1 by western blot in the SW48, CACO-2, and HT29 colon cancer cell lines. Non-estrogenic factors in plasma or the tumor microenvironment may regulate NHERF1 expression in transformed colon epithelial cells. Further studies are required to understand the regulation of NHERF1 expression in colon cancer tissue.
Collapse
|
46
|
Perspectives for tailored chemoprevention and treatment of colorectal cancer in Lynch syndrome. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2011; 80:264-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
|
47
|
Borralho PM, Simões AES, Gomes SE, Lima RT, Carvalho T, Ferreira DMS, Vasconcelos MH, Castro RE, Rodrigues CMP. miR-143 overexpression impairs growth of human colon carcinoma xenografts in mice with induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23787. [PMID: 21901135 PMCID: PMC3162002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in human cancer and involved in the (dys)regulation of cell survival, proliferation, differentiation and death. Specifically, miRNA-143 (miR-143) is down-regulated in human colon cancer. In the present study, we evaluated the role of miR-143 overexpression on the growth of human colon carcinoma cells xenografted in nude mice (immunodeficient mouse strain: N: NIH(s) II-nu/nu). Methodology/Principal Findings HCT116 cells with stable miR-143 overexpression (Over-143) and control (Empty) cells were subcutaneously injected into the flanks of nude mice, and tumor growth was evaluated over time. Tumors arose ∼ 14 days after tumor cell implantation, and the experiment was ended at 40 days after implantation. miR-143 was confirmed to be significantly overexpressed in Over-143 versus Empty xenografts, by TaqMan® Real-time PCR (p<0.05). Importantly, Over-143 xenografts displayed slower tumor growth compared to Empty xenografts from 23 until 40 days in vivo (p<0.05), with final volumes of 928±338 and 2512±387 mm3, respectively. Evaluation of apoptotic proteins showed that Over-143 versus Empty xenografts displayed reduced Bcl-2 levels, and increased caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage (p<0.05). In addition, the incidence of apoptotic tumor cells, assessed by TUNEL, was increased in Over-143 versus Empty xenografts (p<0.01). Finally, Over-143 versus Empty xenografts displayed significantly reduced NF-κB activation and ERK5 levels and activation (p<0.05), as well as reduced proliferative index, evaluated by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry (p<0.01). Conclusions Our results suggest that reduced tumor volume in Over-143 versus Empty xenografts may result from increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation induced by miR-143. This reinforces the relevance of miR-143 in colon cancer, indicating an important role in the control of in vivo tumor progression, and suggesting that miR-143 may constitute a putative novel therapeutic tool for colon cancer treatment that warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M. Borralho
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences - iMed.UL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André E. S. Simões
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences - iMed.UL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia E. Gomes
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences - iMed.UL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel T. Lima
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centre of Medicinal Chemistry - University of Porto (CEQUIMED-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Carvalho
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Francisco Gentil, Centro de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Duarte M. S. Ferreira
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences - iMed.UL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria H. Vasconcelos
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui E. Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences - iMed.UL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cecília M. P. Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences - iMed.UL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Leushacke M, Spörle R, Bernemann C, Brouwer-Lehmitz A, Fritzmann J, Theis M, Buchholz F, Herrmann BG, Morkel M. An RNA interference phenotypic screen identifies a role for FGF signals in colon cancer progression. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23381. [PMID: 21853123 PMCID: PMC3154943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In tumor cells, stepwise oncogenic deregulation of signaling cascades induces alterations of cellular morphology and promotes the acquisition of malignant traits. Here, we identified a set of 21 genes, including FGF9, as determinants of tumor cell morphology by an RNA interference phenotypic screen in SW480 colon cancer cells. Using a panel of small molecular inhibitors, we subsequently established phenotypic effects, downstream signaling cascades, and associated gene expression signatures of FGF receptor signals. We found that inhibition of FGF signals induces epithelial cell adhesion and loss of motility in colon cancer cells. These effects are mediated via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Rho GTPase cascades. In agreement with these findings, inhibition of the MEK1/2 or JNK cascades, but not of the PI3K-AKT signaling axis also induced epithelial cell morphology. Finally, we found that expression of FGF9 was strong in a subset of advanced colon cancers, and overexpression negatively correlated with patients' survival. Our functional and expression analyses suggest that FGF receptor signals can contribute to colon cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Leushacke
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Spörle
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christof Bernemann
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Brouwer-Lehmitz
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Fritzmann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirko Theis
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Buchholz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernhard G. Herrmann
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Medical Genetics, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Morkel
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
PAI-1 4G/5G repeat is a target in gastric carcinomas with microsatellite instability. Dig Liver Dis 2011; 43:454-8. [PMID: 21216681 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer. The 4G/5G promoter polymorphism of PAI-1 is potentially involved in regulating gene transcription. AIMS To explore the role of the PAI-1 4G/5G repeat as target of microsatellite instability (MSI), 50 gastric carcinomas (GCs), characterized for MSI, were screened. METHODS PAI-1 4G/5G was analysed by direct sequencing. RESULTS Allelic imbalance was observed in 5 of the 50 (10%) GCs. Specifically, 2 cases (40%) harboured a G deletion and 3 (60%) a G insertion in tumour compared to normal DNA. These five cases were included in the subgroup of 20 GCs (25%) with high level of MSI (MSI-H). A statistically significant association emerged between PAI-1 mutations and MSI-H status (p=0.0073). The frequency of PAI-1 mutations was also evaluated, together with other known target genes, by analysing MSI-H GCs for mutations at selected coding repeats within genes controlling cell growth, apoptosis and DNA repair. Overall, mutation frequency ranged from 56.3% to 5.3%. CONCLUSION The frequency of PAI-1 mutations here reported in MSI-H GCs is, accordingly, comparable with values obtained for real targets. The relatively high incidence of PAI-1 mutations is suggestive of a positive pressure towards selection in MSI-H GCs.
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhang H, Wang X, Ma Q, Zhou Z, Fang J. Rapid detection of low-abundance K-ras mutation in stools of colorectal cancer patients using chip-based temperature gradient capillary electrophoresis. J Transl Med 2011; 91:788-98. [PMID: 21242956 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2010.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutant K-ras provides an independent negative predictive marker for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy in colorectal cancers (CRCs). Rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective screening for K-ras status will overarch rational personalized medicine. Stool-based DNA testing offers unique advantages for CRC screening such as noninvasiveness, high specificity, and patient compliance, whereas complicated procedures and the low sensitivity of the present approaches have hampered its application on a wide scale. In this study, a chip-based temperature gradient capillary electrophoresis (TGCE) technique was applied to detect low-abundance K-ras mutations under a pooled experiment and analyze K-ras mutations in 30 paired stool samples and cancer tissues of CRC patients and 15 stool samples of healthy volunteers. The chip-based TGCE results showed that the successful analysis of K-ras status could be achieved within 6 min with an extremely low sample consumption of 14 nl. Detection is sensitive enough to reliably report 0.2% mutant CRC cells in a wild-type background, and 0.5 ng of template DNA was sufficient for chip-based TGCE. Of the 30 stool samples of CRC patients analyzed, 17 (57%) harbored K-ras mutations, and the lowest percentage of the detectable mutant K-ras in stool samples was 2%. The coincidence rate for K-ras mutations between stools and tissues obtained by the chip-based method reached 97% (29/30). One of the 15 stool samples of normal controls carried K-ras mutations, producing a specificity of 93%. Clone sequencing data entirely confirmed the results obtained by chip-based TGCE. The study demonstrates that chip-based TGCE is capable of rapidly screening low-abundance K-ras mutations with high sensitivity, reproducibility, simplicity, and significant savings of time and sample. Application of this method to genotype the K-ras gene in stools would provide a potential means for predicting the effectiveness of EGFR-targeted therapy in CRC patients using noninvasive approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huidan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|