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Liu H, Liu S, Song X, Jiang A, Zou Y, Deng Y, Yue C, Li Z, Yang D, Yang C, Sun D, Yang F, Li M, Jiang K, Lu H, Hu W, Zheng Y. Nanoparticle encapsulated CQ/TAM combination harmonizes with MSCs in arresting progression of severity in AP mice through iNOS (IDO) signaling. Mater Today Bio 2022; 14:100226. [PMID: 35308042 PMCID: PMC8924312 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Sever acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a critical disease with high mortality, and lack of clinically available treatments with specificity and effectiveness. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) exhibited moderate effect on AP which needs further improvement. Methods Pancreatic infiltrating lymphocytes were analyzed to demonstrate the intervention of BMSCs on inflammatory cell infiltration of AP. Gene silencing with siRNA and small molecule inhibitor were utilized to determine the key effector molecule of BMSCs on AP. Pharmacological regulation and nanotechnology were introduced to further ameliorate BMSCs action. Results It was revealed that BMSCs prevent the progression of acute pancreatitis (AP) by reducing recruitment of macrophages, neutrophils and CD4+T cells in the lesion site. The pivotal role of chemokine–iNOS–IDO axis for BMSCs to intervene AP was confirmed. Compared with any single drug, Chloroquine/Tamoxifen combination together with IFN-γ pronouncedly up-regulated the transcription of several MSC immune regulators such as COX-2, PD-L1, HO-1 especially iNOS/IDO. As expected, BMSCs and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UMSCs) pretreated with CQ/TAM/IFN-γ exerted enhanced intervention in AP and SAP mice. Moreover, pretreatment with CQ-LPs/TAM-NPs combination not only counteracted MSCs proliferation inhibition induced by free drugs but also enhanced their efficacy. Conclusion Under the background of rapid progress in MSCs clinical translation, this study focuses on the urgent clinical issue and initiates an original mechanism-based strategy to promote intervention on severity progression of SAP, which promises its clinical translation in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 6110041, China
| | - Simeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 6110041, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 6110041, China
| | - Ailing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 6110041, China
| | - Yu Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 6110041, China
| | - Yuchuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 6110041, China
| | - Chao Yue
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhenlu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dujiang Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chengli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 6110041, China
| | - Dan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 6110041, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Mao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huimin Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Weiming Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 6110041, China
- Corresponding author.
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Morfoisse F, Tatin F, Chaput B, Therville N, Vaysse C, Métivier R, Malloizel-Delaunay J, Pujol F, Godet AC, De Toni F, Boudou F, Grenier K, Dubuc D, Lacazette E, Prats AC, Guillermet-Guibert J, Lenfant F, Garmy-Susini B. Lymphatic Vasculature Requires Estrogen Receptor-α Signaling to Protect From Lymphedema. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1346-1357. [PMID: 29650694 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Estrogens exert beneficial effect on the blood vascular system. However, their role on the lymphatic system has been poorly investigated. We studied the protective effect of the 17β estradiol-the most potent endogenous estrogen-in lymphedema-a lymphatic dysfunction, which results in a massive fluid and fat accumulation in the limb. APPROACH AND RESULTS Screening of DNA motifs able to mobilize ERs (estrogen receptors) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that estradiol promotes transcriptional activation of lymphangiogenesis-related gene expression including VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-D, VEGFR (VEGF receptor)-3, lyve-1, and HASs (hyaluronan synthases). Using an original model of secondary lymphedema, we observed a protective effect of estradiol on lymphedema by reducing dermal backflow-a representative feature of the pathology. Blocking ERα by tamoxifen-the selective estrogen modulator-led to a remodeling of the lymphatic network associated with a strong lymphatic leakage. Moreover, the protection of lymphedema by estradiol treatment was abrogated by the endothelial deletion of the receptor ERα in Tie2-Cre; ERαlox/lox mice, which exhibit dilated lymphatic vessels. This remodeling correlated with a decrease in lymphangiogenic gene expression. In vitro, blocking ERα by tamoxifen in lymphatic endothelial cells decreased cell-cell junctions, inhibited migration and sprouting, and resulted in an inhibition of Erk but not of Akt phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Estradiol protection from developing lymphedema is mediated by an activation of its receptor ERα and is antagonized by tamoxifen. These findings reveal a new facet of the estrogen influence in the management of the lymphatic system and provide more evidence that secondary lymphedema is worsened by hormone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Morfoisse
- From the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases of Toulouse, Université de Toulouse (F.M., F.T., F.P., A.C.G., F.D.T., F.B., E.L., A.C.P., F.L., B.G.-S.)
| | - Florence Tatin
- From the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases of Toulouse, Université de Toulouse (F.M., F.T., F.P., A.C.G., F.D.T., F.B., E.L., A.C.P., F.L., B.G.-S.)
| | | | - Nicole Therville
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1037-Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (N.T., J.G.-G.), Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Charlotte Vaysse
- Department of Gynecology Surgery, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France (C.V.)
| | - Raphael Métivier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6290, Rennes, France (R.M.)
| | - Julie Malloizel-Delaunay
- Department of Vascular Medicine (J.M.-D.), Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Francoise Pujol
- From the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases of Toulouse, Université de Toulouse (F.M., F.T., F.P., A.C.G., F.D.T., F.B., E.L., A.C.P., F.L., B.G.-S.)
| | - Anne-Claire Godet
- From the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases of Toulouse, Université de Toulouse (F.M., F.T., F.P., A.C.G., F.D.T., F.B., E.L., A.C.P., F.L., B.G.-S.)
| | - Fabienne De Toni
- From the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases of Toulouse, Université de Toulouse (F.M., F.T., F.P., A.C.G., F.D.T., F.B., E.L., A.C.P., F.L., B.G.-S.)
| | - Frederic Boudou
- From the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases of Toulouse, Université de Toulouse (F.M., F.T., F.P., A.C.G., F.D.T., F.B., E.L., A.C.P., F.L., B.G.-S.)
| | - Katia Grenier
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes, Toulouse, France (K.G., D.D.)
| | - David Dubuc
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes, Toulouse, France (K.G., D.D.)
| | - Eric Lacazette
- From the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases of Toulouse, Université de Toulouse (F.M., F.T., F.P., A.C.G., F.D.T., F.B., E.L., A.C.P., F.L., B.G.-S.)
| | - Anne-Catherine Prats
- From the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases of Toulouse, Université de Toulouse (F.M., F.T., F.P., A.C.G., F.D.T., F.B., E.L., A.C.P., F.L., B.G.-S.)
| | - Julie Guillermet-Guibert
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1037-Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (N.T., J.G.-G.), Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Francoise Lenfant
- From the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases of Toulouse, Université de Toulouse (F.M., F.T., F.P., A.C.G., F.D.T., F.B., E.L., A.C.P., F.L., B.G.-S.)
| | - Barbara Garmy-Susini
- From the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases of Toulouse, Université de Toulouse (F.M., F.T., F.P., A.C.G., F.D.T., F.B., E.L., A.C.P., F.L., B.G.-S.)
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Divac Rankov A, Ljujić M, Petrić M, Radojković D, Pešić M, Dinić J. Targeting autophagy to modulate cell survival: a comparative analysis in cancer, normal and embryonic cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 148:529-544. [PMID: 28664293 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is linked to multiple cancer-related signaling pathways, and represents a defense mechanism for cancer cells under therapeutic stress. The crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy is essential for both tumorigenesis and embryonic development. We studied the influence of autophagy on cell survival in pro-apoptotic conditions induced by anticancer drugs in three model systems: human cancer cells (NCI-H460, COR-L23 and U87), human normal cells (HaCaT and MRC-5) and zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). Autophagy induction with AZD2014 and tamoxifen antagonized the pro-apoptotic effect of chemotherapeutics doxorubicin and cisplatin in cell lines, while autophagy inhibition by wortmannin and chloroquine synergized the action of both anticancer agents. This effect was further verified by assessing cleaved caspase-3 and PARP-1 levels. Autophagy inhibitors significantly increased both apoptotic markers when applied in combination with doxorubicin while autophagy inducers had the opposite effect. In a similar manner, autophagy induction in zebrafish embryos prevented cisplatin-induced apoptosis in the tail region while autophagy inhibition increased cell death in the tail and retina of cisplatin-treated animals. Autophagy modulation with direct inhibitors of the PI3kinase/Akt/mTOR pathway (AZD2014 and wortmannin) triggered the cellular response to anticancer drugs more effectively in NCI-H460 and zebrafish embryonic models compared to HaCaT suggesting that these modulators are selective towards rapidly proliferating cells. Therefore, evaluating the autophagic properties of chemotherapeutics could help determine more accurately the fate of different cell types under treatment. Our study underlines the importance of testing autophagic activity of potential anticancer agents in a comparative approach to develop more rational anticancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Divac Rankov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11010, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mila Ljujić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11010, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Petrić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11010, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragica Radojković
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11010, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Pešić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Neurobiology, University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Dinić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Neurobiology, University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Prossnitz ER, Arterburn JB. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCVII. G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor and Its Pharmacologic Modulators. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:505-40. [PMID: 26023144 PMCID: PMC4485017 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.009712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens are critical mediators of multiple and diverse physiologic effects throughout the body in both sexes, including the reproductive, cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous, and immune systems. As such, alterations in estrogen function play important roles in many diseases and pathophysiological conditions (including cancer), exemplified by the lower prevalence of many diseases in premenopausal women. Estrogens mediate their effects through multiple cellular receptors, including the nuclear receptor family (ERα and ERβ) and the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family (GPR30/G protein-coupled estrogen receptor [GPER]). Although both receptor families can initiate rapid cell signaling and transcriptional regulation, the nuclear receptors are traditionally associated with regulating gene expression, whereas GPCRs are recognized as mediating rapid cellular signaling. Estrogen-activated pathways are not only the target of multiple therapeutic agents (e.g., tamoxifen, fulvestrant, raloxifene, and aromatase inhibitors) but are also affected by a plethora of phyto- and xeno-estrogens (e.g., genistein, coumestrol, bisphenol A, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane). Because of the existence of multiple estrogen receptors with overlapping ligand specificities, expression patterns, and signaling pathways, the roles of the individual receptors with respect to the diverse array of endogenous and exogenous ligands have been challenging to ascertain. The identification of GPER-selective ligands however has led to a much greater understanding of the roles of this receptor in normal physiology and disease as well as its interactions with the classic estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ and their signaling pathways. In this review, we describe the history and characterization of GPER over the past 15 years focusing on the pharmacology of steroidal and nonsteroidal compounds that have been employed to unravel the biology of this most recently recognized estrogen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Prossnitz
- Department of Internal Medicine (E.R.P.) and University of New Mexico Cancer Center (E.R.P., J.B.A.), The University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico (J.B.A.)
| | - Jeffrey B Arterburn
- Department of Internal Medicine (E.R.P.) and University of New Mexico Cancer Center (E.R.P., J.B.A.), The University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico (J.B.A.)
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Cytoplasmic PELP1 and ERRgamma protect human mammary epithelial cells from Tam-induced cell death. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121206. [PMID: 25789479 PMCID: PMC4366195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (Tam) is the only FDA-approved chemoprevention agent for pre-menopausal women at high risk for developing breast cancer. While Tam reduces a woman's risk of developing estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer, the molecular mechanisms associated with risk reduction are poorly understood. Prior studies have shown that cytoplasmic proline, glutamic acid and leucine rich protein 1 (PELP1) promotes Tam resistance in breast cancer cell lines. Herein, we tested for PELP1 localization in breast epithelial cells from women at high risk for developing breast cancer and found that PELP1 was localized to the cytoplasm in 36% of samples. In vitro, immortalized HMECs expressing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) mutant of PELP1 (PELP1-cyto) were resistant to Tam-induced death. Furthermore, PELP1-cyto signaling through estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) promoted cell survival in the presence of Tam. Overexpression of ERRγ in immortalized HMECs protected cells from Tam-induced death, while knockdown of ERRγ sensitized PELP1-cyto expressing HMECs to Tam. Moreover, Tam-induced HMEC cell death was independent of apoptosis and involved accumulation of the autophagy marker LC3-II. Expression of PELP1-cyto and ERRγ reduced Tam-induced LC3-II accumulation, and knockdown of ERRγ increased LC3-II levels in response to Tam. Additionally, PELP1-cyto expression led to the upregulation of MMP-3 and MAOB, known PELP1 and ERRγ target genes, respectively. Our data indicate that cytoplasmic PELP1 induces signaling pathways that converge on ERRγ to promote cell survival in the presence of Tam. These data suggest that PELP1 localization and/or ERRγ activation could be developed as tissue biomarkers for Tam responsiveness.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Virginal mammary hypertrophy, a rapid enlargement of one or both breasts that usually presents in the adolescent years, is a rare condition that has been reported sporadically in the medical literature. Currently, there are no patient- or disease-oriented evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of this condition. This meta-analysis examines the published case reports and presents a cumulative algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of this uncommon condition. METHODS A literature search was performed using PubMed, with multiple keywords. Information regarding patient age, menarchal state, mass of excision, surgical technique, number of operations, pharmacologic intervention, and recurrence was extracted from each case report and analyzed using SPSS 15.1 statistical software. RESULTS A significant relationship was found (p < 0.01), as was an odds ratio of 7.0, for the likelihood of recurrence using a reduction mammaplasty as opposed to a mastectomy. CONCLUSIONS Based on the evidence presented in this article, certain interventions are more effective for the treatment of virginal mammary hypertrophy. On diagnosis of virginal mammary hypertrophy, tamoxifen therapy may be considered based on previous literature, barring any medical contraindications. A subcutaneous mastectomy with complete removal of breast tissue is the procedure least likely to lead to recurrence but is more deforming. Reduction mammaplasty gives an improved aesthetic breast, but it is important to counsel the patient on the likelihood of increased recurrence. Tamoxifen therapy following surgery may decrease the recurrence rate.
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Uptake of 2-NBDG as a method to monitor therapy response in breast cancer cell lines. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 126:55-62. [PMID: 20390344 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-0884-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study quantifies uptake of a fluorescent glucose analog, (2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose) (2-NBDG), in a large panel of breast cancer cells and demonstrates potential to monitor changes in glycolysis caused by anticancer and endocrine therapies. Expressions of glucose transporter (GLUT 1) and hexokinase (HK I), which phosphorylates 2-NBDG, were measured via western blot in two normal mammary epithelial and eight breast cancer cell lines of varying biological subtype. Fluorescence intensity of each cell line labeled with 100 lM 2-NBDG for 20 min or unlabeled control was quantified. A subset of cancer cells was treated with anticancer and endocrine therapies, and 2-NBDG fluorescence changes were measured. Expression of GLUT 1 was necessary for uptake of 2-NBDG, as demonstrated by lack of 2-NBDG uptake in normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). GLUT 1 expression and 2-NBDG uptake was ubiquitous among all breast cancer lines. Reduction and stimulation of 2-NBDG uptake was demonstrated by perturbation with anticancer agents, lonidamine (LND), and a-cyano-hydroxycinnamate (a-Cinn), respectively. LND directly inhibits HK and significantly reduced 2-NBDG fluorescence in a subset of two breast cancer cell lines. Conversely, when cells were treated with a-Cinn, a drug used to increase glycolysis, 2-NBDG uptake was increased. Furthermore, tamoxifen (tam), a common endocrine therapy, was administered to estrogen receptor positive and negative (ER?/-) breast cells and demonstrated a decreased 2-NBDG uptake in ER? cells, reflecting a decrease in glycolysis. Results indicate that 2-NBDG uptake can be used to measure changes in glycolysis and has potential for use in early drug development.
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Rivera-Guevara C, Pérez-Alvarez V, García-Becerra R, Ordaz-Rosado D, Morales-Ríos MS, Hernández-Gallegos E, Cooney AJ, Bravo-Gómez ME, Larrea F, Camacho J. Genomic action of permanently charged tamoxifen derivatives via estrogen receptor-alpha. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:5593-601. [PMID: 20621492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator widely used in oncology and reproductive endocrinology. In order to decrease its non-desirable effects and elucidate mechanisms of action, permanently charged tamoxifen derivatives (PCTDs) have been reported. Whether PCTDs have genomic effects remains controversial. Since the clinical relevance of tamoxifen, the necessity to have new anticancer drugs, and in order to gain insights into the mechanisms of action of PCTDs, we obtained six quaternary ammonium salts derived from tamoxifen including three new compounds. We characterized them by nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and/or high performance liquid chromatography, and detected them in cell lysates by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. We evaluated their binding to estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha, their effect on the transcriptional activity mediated by ERalpha (gene reporter assays), and the proliferation of cancer cells (MCF-7 and cells from a cervical cancer primary culture). Structural studies demonstrated the expected identity of the molecules. All PCTDs did bind to ERalpha, one of them induced ERalpha-mediated transcription while two others inhibited such genomic action. Accordingly, PCTDs were detected in cell lysates. PCTDs inhibited cell proliferation, noteworthy, two of them displayed higher inhibition than tamoxifen. Structure-activity analysis suggests that PCTDs permanent positive charge and the length of the aliphatic chain might be associated to the biological responses studied. We suggest genomic effects as a mechanism of action of PCTDs. The experimental approaches here used could lead to a better design of new therapeutic molecules and help to elucidate molecular mechanisms of new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rivera-Guevara
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, México DF 07360, Mexico.
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Millon SR, Ostrander JH, Yazdanfar S, Brown JQ, Bender JE, Rajeha A, Ramanujam N. Preferential accumulation of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX in breast cancer: a comprehensive study on six breast cell lines with varying phenotypes. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:018002. [PMID: 20210488 PMCID: PMC2839804 DOI: 10.1117/1.3302811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We describe the potential of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence as a source of contrast for margin detection in commonly diagnosed breast cancer subtypes. Fluorescence intensity of PpIX in untreated and ALA-treated normal mammary epithelial and breast cancer cell lines of varying estrogen receptor expression were quantitatively imaged with confocal microscopy. Percentage change in fluorescence intensity integrated over 610-700 nm (attributed to PpIX) of posttreated compared to pretreated cells showed statistically significant differences between four breast cancer and two normal mammary epithelial cell lines. However, a direct comparison of post-treatment PpIX fluorescence intensities showed no differences between breast cancer and normal mammary epithelial cell lines due to confounding effects by endogenous fluorescence from flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). Clinically, it is impractical to obtain pre- and post-treatment images. Thus, spectral imaging was demonstrated as a means to remove the effects of endogenous FAD fluorescence allowing for discrimination between post-treatment PpIX fluorescence of four breast cancer and two normal mammary epithelial cell lines. Fluorescence spectral imaging of ALA-treated breast cancer cells showed preferential PpIX accumulation regardless of malignant phenotype and suggests a useful contrast mechanism for discrimination of residual cancer at the surface of breast tumor margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy R Millon
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0281, USA.
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Drendall CI, Pham QH, Dietze EC. Purification and characterization of recombinant CH3 domain fragment of the CREB-binding protein. Protein Expr Purif 2009; 70:196-205. [PMID: 19995607 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CREB-binding protein (CBP) is an important coactivator of basal transcription machinery and a critical regulator of cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. It is hypothesized that CBP function is regulated by post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and methylation. Specific kinase-mediated phosphorylation of CBP has been shown to affect not only intrinsic histone acetyl transferase activity, but also transcriptional activity of various target promoters and interaction with binding partners. While most of the identified CBP phosphorylation sites have been mapped to the N-terminus of the protein, based on previous studies of the CBP homolog (p300), protein kinase B/Akt is predicted to phosphorylate the C-terminus of CBP. However, there is no direct evidence of Akt-mediated phosphorylation of CBP. Here we report the first purification procedure of recombinant fragment of CBP, encompassing the cysteine/histidine-rich domain 3 (CH3) and glutamine-rich (Q) domain of the protein, which is suitable for structural and interaction studies. We provide the first evidence of protein-protein interaction between the full-length Akt1 and the C-terminus of CBP by fluorescence spectroscopy and the subsequent phosphorylation of CBP by in vitro phosphorylation assay. Our results suggest that Akt signaling may have important implications on the in vivo molecular interaction of CBP with various transcription factors and modulation of cellular responses.
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Sukocheva O, Wang L, Verrier E, Vadas MA, Xia P. Restoring endocrine response in breast cancer cells by inhibition of the sphingosine kinase-1 signaling pathway. Endocrinology 2009; 150:4484-92. [PMID: 19706837 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1) is an important mediator in the cytoplasmic signaling of estrogens, including Ca(2+) mobilization, ERK1/2 activation, and the epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation. Here we report for the first time that SphK1 activity is causally associated with endocrine resistance in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Enforced overexpression of human SphK1 in MCF-7 cells resulted in enhanced cell proliferation and resistance to tamoxifen-induced cell growth arrest and apoptosis. Tamoxifen-resistant (TamR) MCF-7 cells selected by prolonged exposure to 4-hydroxytamoxifen, exhibited higher levels in SphK1 expression and activity, compared with the control cells. Inhibition of SphK1 activity by either specific pharmaceutical inhibitors or the dominant-negative mutant SphK1(G82D) restored the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of tamoxifen in the TamR cells. Furthermore, silencing of SphK1, but not SphK2, expression by the specific small interference RNA also restored the tamoxifen responsiveness in the TamR cells. Thus, blockade of the SphK1 signaling pathway may reprogram cellular responsiveness to tamoxifen and abrogate antiestrogen resistance in human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sukocheva
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
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Baker JC, Ostrander JH, Lem S, Broadwater G, Bean GR, D'Amato NC, Goldenberg VK, Rowell C, Ibarra-Drendall C, Grant T, Pilie PG, Vasilatos SN, Troch MM, Scott V, Wilke LG, Paisie C, Rabiner SM, Torres-Hernandez A, Zalles CM, Seewaldt VL. ESR1 promoter hypermethylation does not predict atypia in RPFNA nor persistent atypia after 12 months tamoxifen chemoprevention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:1884-90. [PMID: 18708376 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-2696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Currently, we lack biomarkers to predict whether high-risk women with mammary atypia will respond to tamoxifen chemoprevention. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Thirty-four women with cytologic mammary atypia from the Duke University High-Risk clinic were offered tamoxifen chemoprevention. We tested whether ESR1 promoter hypermethylation and/or estrogen receptor (ER) protein expression by immunohistochemistry predicted persistent atypia in 18 women who were treated with tamoxifen for 12 months and in 16 untreated controls. RESULTS We observed a statistically significant decrease in the Masood score of women on tamoxifen chemoprevention for 12 months compared with control women. This was a significant interaction effect of time (0, 6, and 12 months) and treatment group (tamoxifen versus control) P = 0.0007. However, neither ESR1 promoter hypermethylation nor low ER expression predicted persistent atypia in Random Periareolar Fine Needle Aspiration after 12 months tamoxifen prevention. CONCLUSIONS Results from this single institution pilot study provide evidence that, unlike for invasive breast cancer, ESR1 promoter hypermethylation and/or low ER expression is not a reliable marker of tamoxifen-resistant atypia.
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Bowie ML, Ibarra C, Seewalt VL. IRF-1 promotes apoptosis in p53-damaged basal-type human mammary epithelial cells: a model for early basal-type mammary carcinogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 617:367-74. [PMID: 18497060 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-69080-3_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mammary gland homeostasis is regulated by both endogenous and exogenous signals, creating a balance between proliferation and apoptosis. It is thought that breast cancer develops from the acquisition of multiple genetic changes. The function of tumor suppressor p53 is fequently lost in cancers; however, not all cells that lose p53 progress to become invasive cancer. We have developed a model of early mammary carcinogenesis to investigate some of the internal and external signaling pathways that target the elimination ot normal basal-type human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) that acutely acquire p53-damage. Here, we show that both tamoxifen (Tam) and three-dimensional prepared extracellular matrix culture (3-D rECM) induce apoptosis in HMEC cells with acute loss of p53 [*p53(-) HMECs] through induction of interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1). Tam and rECM signaling in *p53(-) HMECs (1) promotes the recruitment of a STAT1/ CBP complex to the IRF-1 promoter, (2) upregulates IRF-1, (3) activates caspase-1 and -3, and (4) induces apoptosis. Suppression of IRF-1 with siRNA oligos inhibited both Tam- and rECM-induced apoptosis. These observations demonstrate that IRF-1 plays a critical role in eliminating p53-damaged cells, and may play a more global role in mammary gland homeostasis.
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Bowie ML, Troch MM, Delrow J, Dietze EC, Bean GR, Ibarra C, Pandiyan G, Seewaldt VL. Interferon regulatory factor-1 regulates reconstituted extracellular matrix (rECM)-mediated apoptosis in human mammary epithelial cells. Oncogene 2006; 26:2017-26. [PMID: 17016442 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between extracellular matrix (ECM) and mammary epithelial cells are critical for mammary gland homeostasis and apoptotic signaling. Interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) is a transcriptional regulator that promotes apoptosis during mammary gland involution and p53-independent apoptosis. We have recently shown that rapid cell surface tamoxifen (Tam) signaling promotes apoptosis in normal human mammary epithelial cells that were acutely damaged by expression of human papillomavirus type-16 E6 protein (*HMEC-E6). Apoptosis was mediated by recruitment of CREB-binding protein (CBP) to the gamma-activating sequence (GAS) element of the IRF-1 promoter, induction of IRF-1 and caspase-1/-3 activation. Here, we show that growth factor-depleted, reconstituted ECM (rECM), similar to Tam, promotes apoptosis in *HMEC-E6 cells through induction of IRF-1. Apoptosis was temporally associated with recruitment of CBP to the GAS element of the IRF-1 promoter, induction of IRF-1 expression and caspase-1/-3 activation. Small interfering RNA-mediated suppression of IRF-1 protein expression in *HMEC-E6 cells blocked (1) induction of IRF-1, (2) caspase-1/-3 activation and (3) apoptosis. These observations demonstrate that IRF-1 promotes rECM-mediated apoptosis and provide evidence that both rECM and rapid Tam signaling transcriptionally activate IRF-1 through recruitment of CBP to the IRF-1 GAS promoter complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Bowie
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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15
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Bowie ML, Dietze EC, Delrow J, Bean GR, Troch MM, Marjoram RJ, Seewaldt VL. Interferon-regulatory factor-1 is critical for tamoxifen-mediated apoptosis in human mammary epithelial cells. Oncogene 2005; 23:8743-55. [PMID: 15467738 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Unlike estrogen receptor-positive (ER(+)) breast cancers, normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) typically express low nuclear levels of ER (ER poor). We previously demonstrated that 1.0 microM tamoxifen (Tam) promotes apoptosis in acutely damaged ER-poor HMECs through a rapid, 'nonclassic' signaling pathway. Interferon-regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1), a target of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 transcriptional regulation, has been shown to promote apoptosis following DNA damage. Here we show that 1.0 microM Tam promotes apoptosis in acutely damaged ER-poor HMECs through IRF-1 induction and caspase-1/3 activation. Treatment of acutely damaged HMEC-E6 cells with 1.0 microM Tam resulted in recruitment of CBP to the gamma-IFN-activated sequence element of the IRF-1 promoter, induction of IRF-1, and sequential activation of caspase-1 and -3. The effects of Tam were blocked by expression of siRNA directed against IRF-1 and caspase-1 inhibitors. These data indicate that Tam induces apoptosis in HMEC-E6 cells through a novel IRF-1-mediated signaling pathway that results in activated caspase-1 and -3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Bowie
- Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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