1
|
Fine RL, Mao Y, Dinnen R, Rosal RV, Raffo A, Hochfeld U, Senatus P, Bruce JN, Nichols G, Wang H, Li Y, Brandt-Rauf PW. C-Terminal p53 Palindromic Tetrapeptide Restores Full Apoptotic Function to Mutant p53 Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Biomedicines 2023; 11:137. [PMID: 36672645 PMCID: PMC9855826 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that a synthetic monomer peptide derived from the C-terminus of p53 (aa 361−382) induced preferential apoptosis in mutant p53 malignant cells, but not normal cells. The major problem with the peptide was its short half-life (half-life < 10 min.) due to a random coil topology found in 3D proton NMR spectroscopy studies. To induce secondary/tertiary structures to produce more stability, we developed a peptide modelled after the tetrameric structure of p53 essential for activation of target genes. Starting with the above monomer peptide (aa 361−382), we added the nuclear localization sequence of p53 (aa 353−360) and the end of the C-terminal sequence (aa 383−393), resulting in a monomer spanning aa 353−393. Four monomers were linked by glycine to maximize flexibility and in a palindromic order that mimics p53 tetramer formation with four orthogonal alpha helices, which is required for p53 transactivation of target genes. This is now known as the 4 repeat-palindromic-p53 peptide or (4R-Pal-p53p). We explored two methods for testing the activity of the palindromic tetrapeptide: (1) exogenous peptide with a truncated antennapedia carrier (Ant) and (2) a doxycycline (Dox) inducer for endogenous expression. The exogenous peptide, 4R-Pal-p53p-Ant, contained a His tag at the N-terminal and a truncated 17aa Ant at the C-terminal. Exposure of human breast cancer MB-468 cells and human skin squamous cell cancer cells (both with mutant p53, 273 Arg->His) with purified peptide at 7 µM and 15 µM produced 52% and 75%, cell death, respectively. Comparatively, the monomeric p53 C-terminal peptide-Ant (aa 361−382, termed p53p-Ant), at 15 µM and 30 µM induced 15% and 24% cell death, respectively. Compared to the p53p-Ant, the exogenous 4R-pal-p53p-Ant was over five-fold more potent for inducing apoptosis at an equimolar concentration (15 µM). Endogenous 4R-Pal-p53p expression (without Ant), induced by Dox, resulted in 43% cell death in an engineered MB468 breast cancer stable cell line, while endogenous p53 C-terminal monomeric peptide expression produced no cell death due to rapid peptide degradation. The mechanism of apoptosis from 4R-Pal-p53p involved the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways (FAS, caspase-8, Bax, PUMA) for apoptosis, as well as increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS). All three death pathways were induced from transcriptional/translational activation of pro-apoptotic genes. Additionally, mRNA of p53 target genes (Bax and Fas) increased 14-fold and 18-fold, respectively, implying that the 4R-Pal-p53p restored full apoptotic potential to mutant p53. Monomeric p53p only increased Fas expression without a transcriptional or translational increase in Fas, and other genes and human marrow stem cell studies revealed no toxicity to normal stem cells for granulocytes, erythrocytes, monocytes, and macrophages (CFU-GEMM). Additionally, the peptide specifically targeted pre-malignant and malignant cells with mutant p53 and was not toxic to normal cells with basal levels of WT p53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Fine
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, Division of Medical Oncology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10314, USA
| | - Yuehua Mao
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, Division of Medical Oncology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10314, USA
| | - Richard Dinnen
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, Division of Medical Oncology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10314, USA
| | - Ramon V. Rosal
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY 10314, USA
| | - Anthony Raffo
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, Division of Medical Oncology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10314, USA
| | - Uri Hochfeld
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, Division of Medical Oncology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10314, USA
| | - Patrick Senatus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurologic Institute of New York, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Bruce
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurologic Institute of New York, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gwen Nichols
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, Division of Medical Oncology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10314, USA
| | - Hsin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, 2800 Victory Boulevard, New York, NY 10314, USA
| | - Yongliang Li
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY 10314, USA
| | - Paul W. Brandt-Rauf
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY 10314, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kaida A, Iwakuma T. Regulation of p53 and Cancer Signaling by Heat Shock Protein 40/J-Domain Protein Family Members. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13527. [PMID: 34948322 PMCID: PMC8706882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that assist diverse cellular activities including protein folding, intracellular transportation, assembly or disassembly of protein complexes, and stabilization or degradation of misfolded or aggregated proteins. HSP40, also known as J-domain proteins (JDPs), is the largest family with over fifty members and contains highly conserved J domains responsible for binding to HSP70 and stimulation of the ATPase activity as a co-chaperone. Tumor suppressor p53 (p53), the most frequently mutated gene in human cancers, is one of the proteins that functionally interact with HSP40/JDPs. The majority of p53 mutations are missense mutations, resulting in acquirement of unexpected oncogenic activities, referred to as gain of function (GOF), in addition to loss of the tumor suppressive function. Moreover, stability and levels of wild-type p53 (wtp53) and mutant p53 (mutp53) are crucial for their tumor suppressive and oncogenic activities, respectively. However, the regulatory mechanisms of wtp53 and mutp53 are not fully understood. Accumulating reports demonstrate regulation of wtp53 and mutp53 levels and/or activities by HSP40/JDPs. Here, we summarize updated knowledge related to the link of HSP40/JDPs with p53 and cancer signaling to improve our understanding of the regulation of tumor suppressive wtp53 and oncogenic mutp53 GOF activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kaida
- Department of Oral Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan;
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Tomoo Iwakuma
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Piyawajanusorn C, Kittirat Y, Sa-Ngiamwibool P, Titapun A, Loilome W, Namwat N. PRIMA-1 MET Induces Cellular Senescence and Apoptotic Cell Death in Cholangiocarcinoma Cells. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2019; 16:543-552. [PMID: 31659107 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM This study examined the in vitro effects of the bile duct cancer drug PRIMA-1MET on cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell growth to determine its potential usefulness in CCA therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of this drug on the expression of senescent markers (p16INK4A and p21) and the phosphorylation of p53 was investigated, as was the association between senescent markers and the patients' clinicopathological data. RESULTS PRIMA-1MET inhibited CCA cell growth with the half maximal-inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 21.9-40.8 μM. PRIMA-1MET induced phospho-p53, p16INK4A and p21 triggering cellular senescence and apoptosis. High expressions of p16INK4A and p21 were associated with a high survival rate of patients with CCA. CONCLUSION PRIMA-1MET may potentially be an alternative anticancer agent that might lead to a better prognosis in patients with CCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chayanit Piyawajanusorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Yingpinyapat Kittirat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Prakasit Sa-Ngiamwibool
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Attapol Titapun
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand .,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vassilakopoulos TP, Chatzidimitriou C, Asimakopoulos JV, Arapaki M, Tzoras E, Angelopoulou MK, Konstantopoulos K. Immunotherapy in Hodgkin Lymphoma: Present Status and Future Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2019. [PMID: 31362369 DOI: 10.3390/cancers] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is usually curable, 20-30% of the patients experience treatment failure and most of them are typically treated with salvage chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (autoSCT). However, 45-55% of that subset further relapse or progress despite intensive treatment. At the advanced stage of the disease course, recently developed immunotherapeutic approaches have provided very promising results with prolonged remissions or disease stabilization in many patients. Brentuximab vedotin (BV) has been approved for patients with relapsed/refractory cHL (rr-cHL) who have failed autoSCT, as a consolidation after autoSCT in high-risk patients, as well as for patients who are ineligible for autoSCT or multiagent chemotherapy who have failed ≥ two treatment lines. However, except of the consolidation setting, 90-95% of the patients will progress and require further treatment. In this clinical setting, immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) have produced impressive results. Both nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been approved for rr-cHL after autoSCT and BV failure, while pembrolizumab has also been licensed for transplant ineligible patients after BV failure. Other CPIs, sintilimab and tislelizumab, have been successfully tested in China, albeit in less heavily pretreated populations. Recent data suggest that the efficacy of CPIs may be augmented by hypomethylating agents, such as decitabine. As a result of their success in heavily pretreated disease, BV and CPIs are moving to earlier lines of treatment. BV was recently licensed by the FDA for the first-line treatment of stage III/IV Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in combination with AVD (only stage IV according to the European Medicines Agency (EMA)). CPIs are currently being evaluated in combination with AVD in phase II trials of first-line treatment. The impact of BV and CPIs was also investigated in the setting of second-line salvage therapy. Finally, combinations of targeted therapies are under evaluation. Based on these exciting results, it appears reasonable to predict that an improvement in survival and a potential increase in the cure rates of cHL will soon become evident.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros P Vassilakopoulos
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Chrysovalantou Chatzidimitriou
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - John V Asimakopoulos
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Arapaki
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Tzoras
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria K Angelopoulou
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas Konstantopoulos
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Latonen L. Phase-to-Phase With Nucleoli - Stress Responses, Protein Aggregation and Novel Roles of RNA. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:151. [PMID: 31080406 PMCID: PMC6497782 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein- and RNA-containing foci and aggregates are a hallmark of many age- and mutation-related neurodegenerative diseases. This article focuses on the role the nucleolus has as a hub in macromolecule regulation in the mammalian nucleus. The nucleolus has a well-established role in ribosome biogenesis and functions in several types of cellular stress responses. In addition to known reactions to DNA damaging and transcription inhibiting stresses, there is an emerging role of the nucleolus especially in responses to proteotoxic stress such as heat shock and inhibition of proteasome function. The nucleolus serves as an active regulatory site for detention of extranucleolar proteins. This takes place in nucleolar cavities and manifests in protein and RNA collections referred to as intranucleolar bodies (INBs), nucleolar aggresomes or amyloid bodies (A-bodies), depending on stress type, severity of accumulation, and material propensities of the macromolecular collections. These indicate a relevance of nucleolar function and regulation in neurodegeneration-related cellular events, but also provide surprising connections with cancer-related pathways. Yet, the molecular mechanisms governing these processes remain largely undefined. In this article, the nucleolus as the site of protein and RNA accumulation and as a possible protective organelle for nuclear proteins during stress is viewed. In addition, recent evidence of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and liquid-solid phase transition in the formation of nucleoli and its stress responses, respectively, are discussed, along with the increasingly indicated role and open questions for noncoding RNA species in these events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leena Latonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rangel LP, Ferretti GDS, Costa CL, Andrade SMMV, Carvalho RS, Costa DCF, Silva JL. p53 reactivation with induction of massive apoptosis-1 (PRIMA-1) inhibits amyloid aggregation of mutant p53 in cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:3670-3682. [PMID: 30602570 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 mutants can form amyloid-like structures that accumulate in cells. p53 reactivation with induction of massive apoptosis-1 (PRIMA-1) and its primary active metabolite, 2-methylene-3-quinuclidinone (MQ), can restore unfolded p53 mutants to a native conformation that induces apoptosis and activates several p53 target genes. However, whether PRIMA-1 can clear p53 aggregates is unclear. In this study, we investigated whether PRIMA-1 can restore aggregated mutant p53 to a native form. We observed that the p53 mutant protein is more sensitive to both PRIMA-1 and MQ aggregation inhibition than WT p53. The results of anti-amyloid oligomer antibody assays revealed that PRIMA-1 reverses mutant p53 aggregate accumulation in cancer cells. Size-exclusion chromatography of the lysates from mutant p53-containing breast cancer and ovarian cell lines confirmed that PRIMA-1 substantially decreases p53 aggregates. We also show that MDA-MB-231 cell lysates can "seed" aggregation of the central core domain of recombinant WT p53, corroborating the prion-like behavior of mutant p53. We also noted that this aggregation effect was inhibited by MQ and PRIMA-1. This study provides the first demonstration that PRIMA-1 can rescue amyloid-state p53 mutants, a strategy that could be further explored as a cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana P Rangel
- From the Faculdade de Farmácia, .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, and
| | - Giulia D S Ferretti
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, and.,Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and
| | - Caroline L Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, and.,Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and
| | | | | | - Danielly C F Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, and.,the Departamento de Nutrição Básica e Experimental, Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jerson L Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, and .,Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Perdrix A, Najem A, Saussez S, Awada A, Journe F, Ghanem G, Krayem M. PRIMA-1 and PRIMA-1 Met (APR-246): From Mutant/Wild Type p53 Reactivation to Unexpected Mechanisms Underlying Their Potent Anti-Tumor Effect in Combinatorial Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9120172. [PMID: 29258181 PMCID: PMC5742820 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9120172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 protects cells from genetic assaults by triggering cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Inactivation of p53 pathway is found in the vast majority of human cancers often due to somatic missense mutations in TP53 or to an excessive degradation of the protein. Accordingly, reactivation of p53 appears as a quite promising pharmacological approach and, effectively, several attempts have been made in that sense. The most widely investigated compounds for this purpose are PRIMA-1 (p53 reactivation and induction of massive apoptosis )and PRIMA-1Met (APR-246), that are at an advanced stage of development, with several clinical trials in progress. Based on publications referenced in PubMed since 2002, here we review the reported effects of these compounds on cancer cells, with a specific focus on their ability of p53 reactivation, an overview of their unexpected anti-cancer effects, and a presentation of the investigated drug combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Perdrix
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Biopathology, Henri Becquerel Centre, 76038 Rouen, France.
- Equipe de Recherche en Oncologie (IRON), Inserm U1245, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Ahmad Najem
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sven Saussez
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - Ahmad Awada
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Medicine, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Fabrice Journe
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - Ghanem Ghanem
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Mohammad Krayem
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu DSH, Read M, Cullinane C, Azar WJ, Fennell CM, Montgomery KG, Haupt S, Haupt Y, Wiman KG, Duong CP, Clemons NJ, Phillips WA. APR-246 potently inhibits tumour growth and overcomes chemoresistance in preclinical models of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Gut 2015; 64:1506-16. [PMID: 26187504 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES p53 is a critical tumour suppressor and is mutated in 70% of oesophageal adenocarcinomas (OACs), resulting in chemoresistance and poor survival. APR-246 is a first-in-class reactivator of mutant p53 and is currently in clinical trials. In this study, we characterised the activity of APR-246 and its effect on p53 signalling in a large panel of cell line xenograft (CLX) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of OAC. DESIGN In vitro response to APR-246 was assessed using clonogenic survival, cell cycle and apoptosis assays. Ectopic expression, gene knockdown and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout studies of mutant p53 were performed to investigate p53-dependent drug effects. p53 signalling was examined using quantitative RT-PCR and western blot. Synergistic interactions between APR-246 and conventional chemotherapies were evaluated in vitro and in vivo using CLX and PDX models. RESULTS APR-246 upregulated p53 target genes, inhibited clonogenic survival and induced cell cycle arrest as well as apoptosis in OAC cells harbouring p53 mutations. Sensitivity to APR-246 correlated with cellular levels of mutant p53 protein. Ectopic expression of mutant p53 sensitised p53-null cells to APR-246, while p53 gene knockdown and knockout diminished drug activity. Importantly, APR-246 synergistically enhanced the inhibitory effects of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil through p53 accumulation. Finally, APR-246 demonstrated potent antitumour activity in CLX and PDX models, and restored chemosensitivity to a cisplatin/5-fluorouracil-resistant xenograft model. CONCLUSIONS APR-246 has significant antitumour activity in OAC. Given that APR-246 is safe at therapeutic levels our study strongly suggests that APR-246 can be translated into improving the clinical outcomes for OAC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David S H Liu
- Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Read
- Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carleen Cullinane
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Translational Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Walid J Azar
- Cancer Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina M Fennell
- Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen G Montgomery
- Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sue Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Klas G Wiman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cuong P Duong
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Clemons
- Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wayne A Phillips
- Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hiraki M, Hwang SY, Cao S, Ramadhar TR, Byun S, Yoon KW, Lee JH, Chu K, Gurkar AU, Kolev V, Zhang J, Namba T, Murphy ME, Newman DJ, Mandinova A, Clardy J, Lee SW. Small-Molecule Reactivation of Mutant p53 to Wild-Type-like p53 through the p53-Hsp40 Regulatory Axis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:1206-16. [PMID: 26320861 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer, and small-molecule reactivation of mutant p53 function represents an important anticancer strategy. A cell-based, high-throughput small-molecule screen identified chetomin (CTM) as a mutant p53 R175H reactivator. CTM enabled p53 to transactivate target genes, restored MDM2 negative regulation, and selectively inhibited the growth of cancer cells harboring mutant p53 R175H in vitro and in vivo. We found that CTM binds to Hsp40 and increases the binding capacity of Hsp40 to the p53 R175H mutant protein, causing a potential conformational change to a wild-type-like p53. Thus, CTM acts as a specific reactivator of the p53 R175H mutant form through Hsp40. These results provide new insights into the mechanism of reactivation of this specific p53 mutant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masatsugu Hiraki
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - So-Young Hwang
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Shugeng Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Timothy R Ramadhar
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sanguine Byun
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kyoung Wan Yoon
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jung Hyun Lee
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kiki Chu
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Aditi U Gurkar
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Vihren Kolev
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Takushi Namba
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Maureen E Murphy
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David J Newman
- Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Anna Mandinova
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jon Clardy
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Sam W Lee
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Saha MN, Jiang H, Yang Y, Reece D, Chang H. PRIMA-1Met/APR-246 displays high antitumor activity in multiple myeloma by induction of p73 and Noxa. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:2331-41. [PMID: 24030633 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Targeting p53 by the small-molecule PRIMA-1(Met)/APR-246 has shown promising preclinical activity in various cancer types. However, the mechanism of PRIMA-1(Met)-induced apoptosis is not completely understood and its effect on multiple myeloma cells is unknown. In this study, we evaluated antitumor effect of PRIMA-1(Met) alone or its combination with current antimyeloma agents in multiple myeloma cell lines, patient samples, and a mouse xenograft model. Results of our study showed that PRIMA-1(Met) decreased the viability of multiple myeloma cells irrespective of p53 status, with limited cytotoxicity toward normal hematopoietic cells. Treatment of multiple myeloma cells with PRIMA-1(Met) resulted in induction of apoptosis, inhibition of colony formation, and migration. PRIMA-1(Met) restored wild-type conformation of mutant p53 and induced activation of p73 upregulating Noxa and downregulating Mcl-1 without significant modulation of p53 level. siRNA-mediated silencing of p53 showed a little effect on apoptotic response of PRIMA-1(Met), whereas knockdown of p73 led to substantial attenuation of apoptotic activity in multiple myeloma cells, indicating that PRIMA-1(Met)-induced apoptosis is, at least in part, p73-dependent. Importantly, PRIMA-1(Met) delayed tumor growth and prolonged survival of mice bearing multiple myeloma tumor. Furthermore, combined treatment of PRIMA-1(Met) with dexamethasone or doxorubicin displayed synergistic effects in both multiple myeloma cell lines and primary multiple myeloma samples. Consistent with our in vitro observations, cotreatment with PRIMA-1(Met) and dexamethasone resulted in enhanced antitumor activity in vivo. Our study for the first time shows antimyeloma activity of PRIMA-1(Met) and provides the rationale for its clinical evaluation in patients with multiple myeloma, including the high-risk group with p53 mutation/deletion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manujendra N Saha
- Corresponding Author: Hong Chang, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, 11E-413, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Russo D, Ottaggio L, Foggetti G, Masini M, Masiello P, Fronza G, Menichini P. PRIMA-1 induces autophagy in cancer cells carrying mutant or wild type p53. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:1904-13. [PMID: 23545415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PRIMA-1 is a chemical compound identified as a growth suppressor of tumor cells expressing mutant p53. We previously found that in the MDA-MB-231 cell line expressing high level of the mutant p53-R280K protein, PRIMA-1 induced p53 ubiquitination and degradation associated to cell death. In this study, we investigated the ability of PRIMA-1 to induce autophagy in cancer cells. In MDA-MB-231 and HCT116 cells, expressing mutant or wild type p53, respectively, autophagy occurred following exposure to PRIMA-1, as shown by acridine orange staining, anti-LC3 immunofluorescence and immunoblots, as well as by electron microscopy. Autophagy was triggered also in the derivative cell lines knocked-down for p53, although to a different extent than in the parental cells expressing mutant or wild type p53. In particular, while wild type p53 limited PRIMA-1 induced autophagy, mutant p53 conversely promoted autophagy, thus sustaining cell viability following PRIMA-1 treatment. Therefore, the autophagic potential of PRIMA-1, besides being cell context dependent, could be modulated in a different way by the presence of wild type or mutant p53. Furthermore, since both cell lines lacking p53 were more sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of PRIMA-1 than the parental ones, our findings suggest that a deregulated autophagy may favor cell death induced by this drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debora Russo
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Athar M, Elmets CA, Kopelovich L. Pharmacological activation of p53 in cancer cells. Curr Pharm Des 2011; 17:631-9. [PMID: 21391904 DOI: 10.2174/138161211795222595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 is a transcription factor that regulates a large number of genes and guards against genomic instability. Under multiple cellular stress conditions, p53 functions to block cell cycle progression transiently unless proper DNA repair occurs. Failure of DNA repair mechanisms leads to p53-mediated induction of cell death programs. p53 also induces permanent cell cycle arrest known as cellular senescence. During neoplastic progression, p53 is often mutated and fails to efficiently perform these functions. It has been observed that cancers carrying a wild-type p53 may also have interrupted downstream p53 regulatory signaling leading to disruption in p53 functions. Therefore, strategies to reactivate p53 provide an attractive approach for blocking tumor pathogenesis and its progression. p53 activation may also lead to regression of existing early neoplastic lesions and therefore may be important in developing cancer chemoprevention protocols. A large number of small molecules capable of reactivating p53 have been developed and some are progressing through clinical trials for prospective human applications. However, several questions remain to be answered at this stage. For example, it is not certain if pharmacological activation of p53 will restore all of its multifaceted biological responses, assuming that the targeted cell is not killed following p53 activation. It remains to be demonstrated whether the distinct biological effects regulated by specific post-translationally modified p53 can effectively be restored by refolding mutant p53. Mutant p53 can be classified as a loss-of-function or gain-of-function protein depending on the type of mutation. It is also unclear whether reactivation of mutant p53 has similar consequences in cells carrying gain-of-function and loss-of-function p53 mutants. This review provides a description of various pharmacological approaches tested to activate p53 (both wild-type and mutant) and to assess the effects of activated p53 on neoplastic progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall, Room 509, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0019, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
[Recent advances in mutant p53 and novel personalized strategies for cancer therapy]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2011; 33:539-48. [PMID: 21684858 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2011.00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein p53 is the most intensively studied tumor suppressor protein. Recent studies keep revealing its new function in metabolism and reproduction. At the same time, it is also found that varieties of p53 mutant gained new function in promoting tumorigenesis. These studies provide the basis for understanding the personalized gain of function of p53 mu-tants and help us searching for the new strategies for reactivation of wild-type p53 and correction of the function of p53 mutants. The personalized treatment targeting different p53 mutants will be the focus for cancer treatment. Here, we re-viewed the discovered gain of function of some p53 mutants and the molecular strategies for reactivating wild type p53 function: by use of small molecules or polypeptides to reactivate the wild type function of p53 mutants in tumor cells; by exogenous expression of wild type p53 carried by recombinant adenovirus in tumor cells; and by inhibition the interaction between p53 and mdm2 to stabilize wild type p53 proteins. Further study of variety of p53 point mutations farcilitates de-signing more effectively personalized strategies in the cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zandi R, Selivanova G, Christensen CL, Gerds TA, Willumsen BM, Poulsen HS. PRIMA-1Met/APR-246 induces apoptosis and tumor growth delay in small cell lung cancer expressing mutant p53. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:2830-41. [PMID: 21415220 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-3168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly malignant disease with poor prognosis, necessitating the need to develop new and efficient treatment modalities. PRIMA-1(Met) (p53-dependent reactivation of massive apoptosis), also known as APR-246, is a small molecule, which restores tumor suppressor function to mutant p53 and induces cancer cell death in various cancer types. Since p53 is mutated in more than 90% of SCLC, we investigated the ability of PRIMA-1(Met) to induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth in SCLC with different p53 mutations. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The therapeutic effect of PRIMA-1(Met)/APR-246 was studied in SCLC cells in vitro using cell viability assay, fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis, p53 knockdown studies, and Western blot analyses. The antitumor potential of PRIMA-1(Met)/APR-246 was further evaluated in two different SCLC xenograft models. RESULTS PRIMA-1(Met)/APR-246 efficiently inhibited the growth of the SCLC cell lines expressing mutant p53 in vitro and induced apoptosis, associated with increased fraction of cells with fragmented DNA, caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage, Bax and Noxa upregulation and Bcl-2 downregulation in the cells. The growth suppressive effect of PRIMA-1(Met)/APR-246 was markedly reduced in SCLC cell lines transfected with p53 siRNA, supporting the role of mutant p53 in PRIMA-1(Met)/APR-246-induced cell death. Moreover, in vivo studies showed significant antitumor effects of PRIMA-1(Met) after i.v. injection in SCLC mouse models with no apparent toxicity. CONCLUSION This study is the first to show the potential use of p53-reactivating molecules such as PRIMA-1(Met)/APR-246 for the treatment of SCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roza Zandi
- Department of Radiation Biology, The Finsen Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
PRIMA-1 cytotoxicity correlates with nucleolar localization and degradation of mutant p53 in breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 402:345-50. [PMID: 20946886 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PRIMA-1 has been identified as a compound that restores the transactivation function to mutant p53 and induces apoptosis in cells expressing mutant p53. Studies on subcellular distribution of the mutant p53 protein upon treatment with PRIMA-1Met, a methylated form of PRIMA-1, have suggested that redistribution of mutant p53 to nucleoli may play a role in PRIMA-1 induced apoptosis. Here, we specifically investigated the influence of PRIMA-1 on cellular localization of mutated p53-R280K endogenously expressed in tumour cells. By using immunofluorescence staining, we found a strong nucleolar redistribution of mutant p53 following PRIMA-1 treatment. This subcellular localization was associated to p53 degradation via ubiquitylation. When cells were treated with adriamycin, neither nucleolar redistribution nor mutant p53 down modulation and degradation were observed. Interestingly, cells where p53-R280K was silenced were more sensitive to PRIMA-1 than the parental ones. These results indicate that in some cellular context, the cell sensitivity to PRIMA-1 could depend on the abolition of a gain-of-function activity of the mutated p53, through a protein degradation pathway specifically induced by this compound.
Collapse
|
16
|
Rökaeus N, Shen J, Eckhardt I, Bykov VJN, Wiman KG, Wilhelm MT. PRIMA-1MET/APR-246 targets mutant forms of p53 family members p63 and p73. Oncogene 2010; 29:6442-51. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
17
|
Sharma P, Murillas R, Zhang H, Kuehn MR. N4BP1 is a newly identified nucleolar protein that undergoes SUMO-regulated polyubiquitylation and proteasomal turnover at promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:1227-34. [PMID: 20233849 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.060160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of proteins can be conjugated with both ubiquitin and the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO), with crosstalk between these two post-translational modifications serving to regulate protein function and stability. We previously identified N4BP1 as a substrate for monoubiquitylation by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4. Here, we describe Nedd4-mediated polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of N4BP1. In addition, we show that N4BP1 can be conjugated with SUMO1 and that this abrogates N4BP1 ubiquitylation. Consistent with this, endogenous N4BP1 is stabilized in primary embryonic fibroblasts from mutants of the desumoylating enzyme SENP1, which show increased steady-state sumoylation levels. We have localized endogenous N4BP1 predominantly to the nucleolus in primary cells. However, a small fraction is found at promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies (NBs). In cells deficient for SENP1 or in wild-type cells treated with the proteasome inhibitor MG132, there is considerable accumulation of N4BP1 at PML NBs. These findings suggest a dynamic interaction between subnuclear compartments, and a role for post-translational modification by ubiquitin and SUMO in the regulation of nucleolar protein turnover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Sharma
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lambert JMR, Moshfegh A, Hainaut P, Wiman KG, Bykov VJN. Mutant p53 reactivation by PRIMA-1MET induces multiple signaling pathways converging on apoptosis. Oncogene 2009; 29:1329-38. [PMID: 19946333 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The low molecular weight compound PRIMA-1(MET) reactivates mutant p53 and triggers mutant p53-dependent apoptosis in human tumor cells. We investigated the effect of PRIMA-1(MET) on global gene expression using microarray analysis of Saos-2 cells expressing His273 mutant p53 and parental p53 null Saos-2 cells. PRIMA-1(MET) affected transcription of a significantly larger number of genes in the mutant p53-expressing cells compared to the p53 null cells. Genes affected by PRIMA-1(MET) in a mutant p53-dependent manner include the cell-cycle regulators GADD45B and 14-3-3gamma and the pro-apoptotic Noxa. Several of the affected genes are known p53 target genes and/or contain p53 DNA-binding motifs. We also found mutant p53-dependent disruption of the cytoskeleton, as well as transcriptional activation of the XBP1 gene and cleavage of its mRNA, a marker for endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our data show that PRIMA-1(MET) induces apoptosis through multiple transcription-dependent and -independent pathways. Such integral engagement of multiple pathways leading to apoptosis is consistent with restoration of wild-type properties to mutant p53 and is likely to reduce the risk of drug resistance development in clinical applications of PRIMA-1(MET).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M R Lambert
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Stuber G, Flaberg E, Petranyi G, Otvös R, Rökaeus N, Kashuba E, Wiman KG, Klein G, Szekely L. PRIMA-1MET induces nucleolar translocation of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded EBNA-5 protein. Mol Cancer 2009; 8:23. [PMID: 19323829 PMCID: PMC2667484 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-8-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The low molecular weight compound, PRIMA-1MET restores the transcriptional transactivation function of certain p53 mutants in tumor cells. We have previously shown that PRIMA-1MET induces nucleolar translocation of p53, PML, CBP and Hsp70. The Epstein-Barr virus encoded, latency associated antigen EBNA-5 (also known as EBNA-LP) is required for the efficient transformation of human B lymphocytes by EBV. EBNA-5 associates with p53-hMDM2-p14ARF complexes. EBNA-5 is a nuclear protein that translocates to the nucleolus upon heat shock or inhibition of proteasomes along with p53, hMDM2, Hsp70, PML and proteasome subunits. Here we show that PRIMA-1MET induces the nucleolar translocation of EBNA-5 in EBV transformed B lymphoblasts and in transfected tumor cells. The PRIMA-1MET induced translocation of EBNA-5 is not dependent on the presence of mutant p53. It also occurs in p53 null cells or in cells that express wild type p53. Both the native and the EGFP or DSRed conjugated EBNA-5 respond to PRIMA-1MET treatment in the same way. Image analysis of DSRed-EBNA-5 expressing cells, using confocal fluorescence time-lapse microscopy showed that the nucleolar translocation requires several hours to complete. FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) and FLIP (fluorescence loss in photobleaching) measurements on live cells showed that the nucleolar translocation was accompanied by the formation of EBNA-5 aggregates. The process is reversible since the aggregates are dissolved upon removal of PRIMA-1MET. Our results suggest that mutant p53 is not the sole target of PRIMA-1MET. We propose that PRIMA-1MET may reversibly inhibit cellular chaperons that prevent the aggregation of misfolded proteins, and that EBNA-5 may serve as a surrogate drug target for elucidating the precise molecular action of PRIMA-1MET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- György Stuber
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Magrini R, Russo D, Ottaggio L, Fronza G, Inga A, Menichini P. PRIMA-1 synergizes with adriamycin to induce cell death in non-small cell lung cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:2363-73. [PMID: 18442053 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
p53-dependent apoptosis is important for the efficacy of cancer treatment, and tumors carrying mutant p53 are often resistant to chemotherapy. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells generally exhibit resistance to apoptosis following treatment with many cytotoxic drugs. The new molecule PRIMA-1 appears to kill human tumor cells by restoring the transcriptional activity to mutated p53. We investigated the induction of apoptosis in response to this drug in three NSCLC cell lines carrying different p53 proteins: A549 (p53wt), LX1 (p53R273H), and SKMes1 (p53R280K). PRIMA-1 alone did not trigger apoptosis but significantly reduced cell viability. However, in combination with adriamycin, PRIMA-1 strengthen the adriamycin-induced apoptosis in A549 and LX1. Interestingly, even in SKMes1 cells, the combined treatment triggered a strong PARP cleavage without DNA fragmentation. Our data suggest that in NSCLC cells, PRIMA-1 may induce cell death through pathways other than apoptosis but may synergize with adriamycin to trigger an apoptotic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Magrini
- Molecular Mutagenesis and DNA Repair Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Cancer Research Institute (IST), Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shi H, Lambert JM, Hautefeuille A, Bykov VJ, Wiman KG, Hainaut P, de Fromentel CC. In vitro and in vivo cytotoxic effects of PRIMA-1 on hepatocellular carcinoma cells expressing mutant p53ser249. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:1428-34. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgm266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
22
|
Selivanova G, Wiman KG. Reactivation of mutant p53: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Oncogene 2007; 26:2243-54. [PMID: 17401433 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor gene is the most frequently mutated gene in cancer. Most p53 mutations are missense point mutations that cluster in the DNA-binding core domain. This results in distortion of core domain folding and disruption of DNA binding and transcriptional transactivation of p53 target genes. Structural studies have demonstrated that mutant p53 core domain unfolding is not irreversible. Mutant p53 is expressed at high levels in many tumors. Therefore, mutant p53 is a promising target for novel cancer therapy. Mutant p53 reactivation will restore p53-dependent apoptosis, resulting in efficient removal of tumor cells. A number of strategies for targeting mutant p53 have been designed, including peptides and small molecules that restore the active conformation and DNA binding to mutant p53 and induce p53-dependent suppression of tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. This opens possibilities for the clinical application of mutant p53 reactivation in the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Selivanova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Karni-Schmidt O, Friedler A, Zupnick A, McKinney K, Mattia M, Beckerman R, Bouvet P, Sheetz M, Fersht A, Prives C. Energy-dependent nucleolar localization of p53 in vitro requires two discrete regions within the p53 carboxyl terminus. Oncogene 2007; 26:3878-91. [PMID: 17237827 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein that is found predominantly in the nucleus of cells. In addition to mutation, abnormal p53 cellular localization is one of the mechanisms that inactivate p53 function. To further understand features of p53 that contribute to the regulation of its trafficking within the cell, we analysed the subnuclear localization of wild-type and mutant p53 in human cells that were either permeabilized with detergent or treated with the proteasome inhibitor MG132. We, here, show that either endogenously expressed or exogenously added p53 protein localizes to the nucleolus in detergent-permeabilized cells in a concentration- and ATP hydrolysis-dependent manner. Two discrete regions within the carboxyl terminus of p53 are essential for nucleolar localization in permeabilized cells. Similarly, localization of p53 to the nucleolus after proteasome inhibition in unpermeabilized cells requires sequences within the carboxyl terminus of p53. Interestingly, genotoxic stress markedly decreases the association of p53 with the nucleolus, and phosphorylation of p53 at S392, a site that is modified by such stress, partially impairs its nucleolar localization. The possible significance of these findings is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Karni-Schmidt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|