1
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Cadet J, Angelov D, Wagner JR. Hydroxyl radical is predominantly involved in oxidatively generated base damage to cellular DNA exposed to ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1-7. [PMID: 35475423 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2067363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Cadet
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Dimitar Angelov
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Modélisation de la Cellule LBMC, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center IBG, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Balçova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - J Richard Wagner
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
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2
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Abstract
The XPG/ERCC5 endonuclease was originally identified as the causative gene for Xeroderma Pigmentosum complementation group G. Ever since its discovery, in depth biochemical, structural and cell biological studies have provided detailed mechanistic insight into its function in excising DNA damage in nucleotide excision repair, together with the ERCC1–XPF endonuclease. In recent years, it has become evident that XPG has additional important roles in genome maintenance that are independent of its function in NER, as XPG has been implicated in protecting replication forks by promoting homologous recombination as well as in resolving R-loops. Here, we provide an overview of the multitasking of XPG in genome maintenance, by describing in detail how its activity in NER is regulated and the evidence that points to important functions outside of NER. Furthermore, we present the various disease phenotypes associated with inherited XPG deficiency and discuss current ideas on how XPG deficiency leads to these different types of disease.
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3
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Asadi MR, Moslehian MS, Sabaie H, Poornabi M, Ghasemi E, Hassani M, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Rezazadeh M. Stress Granules in the Anti-Cancer Medications Mechanism of Action: A Systematic Scoping Review. Front Oncol 2021; 11:797549. [PMID: 35004322 PMCID: PMC8739770 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.797549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granule (SG) formation is a well-known cellular mechanism for minimizing stress-related damage and increasing cell survival. In addition to playing a critical role in the stress response, SGs have emerged as critical mediators in human health. It seems logical that SGs play a key role in cancer cell formation, development, and metastasis. Recent studies have shown that many SG components contribute to the anti-cancer medications' responses through tumor-associated signaling pathways and other mechanisms. SG proteins are known for their involvement in the translation process, control of mRNA stability, and capacity to function in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. The current systematic review aimed to include all research on the impact of SGs on the mechanism of action of anti-cancer medications and was conducted using a six-stage methodological framework and the PRISMA guideline. Prior to October 2021, a systematic search of seven databases for eligible articles was performed. Following the review of the publications, the collected data were subjected to quantitative and qualitative analysis. Notably, Bortezomib, Sorafenib, Oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil, Cisplatin, and Doxorubicin accounted for the majority of the medications examined in the studies. Overall, this systematic scoping review attempts to demonstrate and give a complete overview of the function of SGs in the mechanism of action of anti-cancer medications by evaluating all research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Asadi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hani Sabaie
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marziye Poornabi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Science, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Elham Ghasemi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hassani
- Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Maryam Rezazadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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4
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Lanzafame M, Branca G, Landi C, Qiang M, Vaz B, Nardo T, Ferri D, Mura M, Iben S, Stefanini M, Peverali FA, Bini L, Orioli D. Cockayne syndrome group A and ferrochelatase finely tune ribosomal gene transcription and its response to UV irradiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:10911-10930. [PMID: 34581821 PMCID: PMC8565352 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CSA and CSB proteins are key players in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) pathway that removes UV-induced DNA lesions from the transcribed strands of expressed genes. Additionally, CS proteins play relevant but still elusive roles in other cellular pathways whose alteration may explain neurodegeneration and progeroid features in Cockayne syndrome (CS). Here we identify a CS-containing chromatin-associated protein complex that modulates rRNA transcription. Besides RNA polymerase I (RNAP1) and specific ribosomal proteins (RPs), the complex includes ferrochelatase (FECH), a well-known mitochondrial enzyme whose deficiency causes erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). Impairment of either CSA or FECH functionality leads to reduced RNAP1 occupancy on rDNA promoter that is associated to reduced 47S pre-rRNA transcription. In addition, reduced FECH expression leads to an abnormal accumulation of 18S rRNA that in primary dermal fibroblasts from CS and EPP patients results in opposed rRNA amounts. After cell irradiation with UV light, CSA triggers the dissociation of the CSA–FECH–CSB–RNAP1–RPs complex from the chromatin while it stabilizes its binding to FECH. Besides disclosing a function for FECH within nucleoli, this study sheds light on the still unknown mechanisms through which CSA modulates rRNA transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Lanzafame
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Branca
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Landi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mingyue Qiang
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Bruno Vaz
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Nardo
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Debora Ferri
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Manuela Mura
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sebastian Iben
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Miria Stefanini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo A Peverali
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Bini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Donata Orioli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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5
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Pascucci B, Spadaro F, Pietraforte D, Nuccio CD, Visentin S, Giglio P, Dogliotti E, D’Errico M. DRP1 Inhibition Rescues Mitochondrial Integrity and Excessive Apoptosis in CS-A Disease Cell Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137123. [PMID: 34281194 PMCID: PMC8268695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome group A (CS-A) is a rare recessive progeroid disorder characterized by sun sensitivity and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Cells derived from CS-A patients present as pathological hallmarks excessive oxidative stress, mitochondrial fragmentation and apoptosis associated with hyperactivation of the mitochondrial fission dynamin related protein 1 (DRP1). In this study, by using human cell models we further investigated the interplay between DRP1 and CSA and we determined whether pharmacological or genetic inhibition of DRP1 affects disease progression. Both reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are in excess in CS-A cells and when the mitochondrial translocation of DRP1 is inhibited a reduction of these species is observed together with a recovery of mitochondrial integrity and a significant decrease of apoptosis. This study indicates that the CSA-driven modulation of DRP1 pathway is key to control mitochondrial homeostasis and apoptosis and suggests DRP1 as a potential target in the treatment of CS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pascucci
- Institute of Crystallography, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00015 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Spadaro
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (D.P.)
| | | | - Chiara De Nuccio
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sergio Visentin
- National Center for Research and Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paola Giglio
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Eugenia Dogliotti
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mariarosaria D’Errico
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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6
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Souza KM, Mendes IC, Dall'Igna DM, Repolês BM, Resende BC, Moreira RS, Miletti LC, Machado CR, Vogel CIG. Bioinformatics and expression analysis of the Xeroderma Pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) of Trypanosoma evansi in Trypanosoma cruzi cells. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e243910. [PMID: 34190757 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.243910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) acts repairing damages in DNA, such as lesions caused by cisplatin. Xeroderma Pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) protein is involved in recognition of global genome DNA damages during NER (GG-NER) and it has been studied in different organisms due to its importance in other cellular processes. In this work, we studied NER proteins in Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma evansi, parasites of humans and animals respectively. We performed three-dimensional models of XPC proteins from T. cruzi and T. evansi and observed few structural differences between these proteins. In our tests, insertion of XPC gene from T. evansi (TevXPC) in T. cruzi resulted in slower cell growth under normal conditions. After cisplatin treatment, T. cruzi overexpressing its own XPC gene (TcXPC) was able to recover cell division rates faster than T. cruzi expressing TevXPC gene. Based on these tests, it is suggested that TevXPC (being an exogenous protein in T. cruzi) interferes negatively in cellular processes where TcXPC (the endogenous protein) is involved. This probably occurred due interaction of TevXPC with some endogenous molecules or proteins from T.cruzi but incapacity of interaction with others. This reinforces the importance of correctly XPC functioning within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Souza
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Lages, SC, Brasil
| | - I C Mendes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - D M Dall'Igna
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Lages, SC, Brasil.,Universidade do Planalto Catarinense, Lages, SC, Brasil
| | - B M Repolês
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - B C Resende
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - R S Moreira
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Lages, SC, Brasil.,Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão, Lages, SC, Brasil
| | - L C Miletti
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Lages, SC, Brasil
| | - C R Machado
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - C I G Vogel
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Lages, SC, Brasil
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7
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D'Errico M, Parlanti E, Pascucci B, Filomeni G, Mastroberardino PG, Dogliotti E. The interplay between mitochondrial functionality and genome integrity in the prevention of human neurologic diseases. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 710:108977. [PMID: 34174223 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As mitochondria are vulnerable to oxidative damage and represent the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), they are considered key tuners of ROS metabolism and buffering, whose dysfunction can progressively impact neuronal networks and disease. Defects in DNA repair and DNA damage response (DDR) may also affect neuronal health and lead to neuropathology. A number of congenital DNA repair and DDR defective syndromes, indeed, show neurological phenotypes, and a growing body of evidence indicate that defects in the mechanisms that control genome stability in neurons acts as aging-related modifiers of common neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer, Parkinson's, Huntington diseases and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. In this review we elaborate on the established principles and recent concepts supporting the hypothesis that deficiencies in either DNA repair or DDR might contribute to neurodegeneration via mechanisms involving mitochondrial dysfunction/deranged metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleonora Parlanti
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Pascucci
- Institute of Crystallography, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- Redox Biology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Mastroberardino
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; IFOM- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Eugenia Dogliotti
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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8
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Krasikova Y, Rechkunova N, Lavrik O. Nucleotide Excision Repair: From Molecular Defects to Neurological Abnormalities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126220. [PMID: 34207557 PMCID: PMC8228863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is the most versatile DNA repair pathway, which can remove diverse bulky DNA lesions destabilizing a DNA duplex. NER defects cause several autosomal recessive genetic disorders. Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is one of the NER-associated syndromes characterized by low efficiency of the removal of bulky DNA adducts generated by ultraviolet radiation. XP patients have extremely high ultraviolet-light sensitivity of sun-exposed tissues, often resulting in multiple skin and eye cancers. Some XP patients develop characteristic neurodegeneration that is believed to derive from their inability to repair neuronal DNA damaged by endogenous metabolites. A specific class of oxidatively induced DNA lesions, 8,5′-cyclopurine-2′-deoxynucleosides, is considered endogenous DNA lesions mainly responsible for neurological problems in XP. Growing evidence suggests that XP is accompanied by defective mitophagy, as in primary mitochondrial disorders. Moreover, NER pathway is absent in mitochondria, implying that the mitochondrial dysfunction is secondary to nuclear NER defects. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the NER molecular mechanism and focuses on the NER linkage with the neurological degeneration in patients with XP. We also present recent research advances regarding NER involvement in oxidative DNA lesion repair. Finally, we highlight how mitochondrial dysfunction may be associated with XP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Krasikova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Y.K.); (N.R.)
| | - Nadejda Rechkunova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Y.K.); (N.R.)
| | - Olga Lavrik
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Y.K.); (N.R.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
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9
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Kajitani GS, Nascimento LLDS, Neves MRDC, Leandro GDS, Garcia CCM, Menck CFM. Transcription blockage by DNA damage in nucleotide excision repair-related neurological dysfunctions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 114:20-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Chatgilialoglu C, Ferreri C, Krokidis MG, Masi A, Terzidis MA. On the relevance of hydroxyl radical to purine DNA damage. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:384-404. [PMID: 33494618 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1876855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical (HO•) is the most reactive toward DNA among the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in aerobic organisms by cellular metabolisms. HO• is generated also by exogenous sources such as ionizing radiations. In this review we focus on the purine DNA damage by HO• radicals. In particular, emphasis is given on mechanistic aspects for the various lesion formation and their interconnections. Although the majority of the purine DNA lesions like 8-oxo-purine (8-oxo-Pu) are generated by various ROS (including HO•), the formation of 5',8-cyclopurine (cPu) lesions in vitro and in vivo relies exclusively on the HO• attack. Methodologies generally utilized for the purine lesions quantification in biological samples are reported and critically discussed. Recent results on cPu and 8-oxo-Pu lesions quantification in various types of biological specimens associated with the cellular repair efficiency as well as with distinct pathologies are presented, providing some insights on their biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy.,Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Carla Ferreri
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marios G Krokidis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Annalisa Masi
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy.,Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Michael A Terzidis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
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11
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Baiken Y, Kanayeva D, Taipakova S, Groisman R, Ishchenko AA, Begimbetova D, Matkarimov B, Saparbaev M. Role of Base Excision Repair Pathway in the Processing of Complex DNA Damage Generated by Oxidative Stress and Anticancer Drugs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:617884. [PMID: 33553154 PMCID: PMC7862338 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.617884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical alterations in DNA induced by genotoxic factors can have a complex nature such as bulky DNA adducts, interstrand DNA cross-links (ICLs), and clustered DNA lesions (including double-strand breaks, DSB). Complex DNA damage (CDD) has a complex character/structure as compared to singular lesions like randomly distributed abasic sites, deaminated, alkylated, and oxidized DNA bases. CDD is thought to be critical since they are more challenging to repair than singular lesions. Although CDD naturally constitutes a relatively minor fraction of the overall DNA damage induced by free radicals, DNA cross-linking agents, and ionizing radiation, if left unrepaired, these lesions cause a number of serious consequences, such as gross chromosomal rearrangements and genome instability. If not tightly controlled, the repair of ICLs and clustered bi-stranded oxidized bases via DNA excision repair will either inhibit initial steps of repair or produce persistent chromosomal breaks and consequently be lethal for the cells. Biochemical and genetic evidences indicate that the removal of CDD requires concurrent involvement of a number of distinct DNA repair pathways including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-mediated DNA strand break repair, base excision repair (BER), nucleotide incision repair (NIR), global genome and transcription coupled nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER and TC-NER, respectively), mismatch repair (MMR), homologous recombination (HR), non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), and translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) pathways. In this review, we describe the role of DNA glycosylase-mediated BER pathway in the removal of complex DNA lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeldar Baiken
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.,National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.,School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Damira Kanayeva
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Sabira Taipakova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Regina Groisman
- Groupe ≪Mechanisms of DNA Repair and Carcinogenesis≫, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2016, CNRS UMR9019, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexander A Ishchenko
- Groupe ≪Mechanisms of DNA Repair and Carcinogenesis≫, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2016, CNRS UMR9019, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Dinara Begimbetova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Bakhyt Matkarimov
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Murat Saparbaev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.,Groupe ≪Mechanisms of DNA Repair and Carcinogenesis≫, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2016, CNRS UMR9019, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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12
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Rizza ERH, DiGiovanna JJ, Khan SG, Tamura D, Jeskey JD, Kraemer KH. Xeroderma Pigmentosum: A Model for Human Premature Aging. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:976-984. [PMID: 33436302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging results from intrinsic changes (chronologic) and damage from external exposures (extrinsic) on the human body. The skin is ideal to visually differentiate their unique features. Inherited diseases of DNA repair, such as xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), provide an excellent model for human aging due to the accelerated accumulation of DNA damage. Poikiloderma, atypical lentigines, and skin cancers, the primary cutaneous features of XP, occur in the general population but at a much older age. Patients with XP also exhibit ocular changes secondary to premature photoaging, including ocular surface tumors and pterygium. Internal manifestations of premature aging, including peripheral neuropathy, progressive sensorineural hearing loss, and neurodegeneration, are reported in 25% of patients with XP. Internal malignancies, such as lung cancer, CNS tumors, and leukemia and/or lymphoma, occur at a younger age in patients with XP, as do thyroid nodules. Premature ovarian failure is overrepresented among females with XP, occurring 20 years earlier than in the general population. Taken together, these clinical findings highlight the importance of DNA repair in maintaining genomic integrity. XP is a unique model of human premature aging, which is revealing new insights into aging mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R H Rizza
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John J DiGiovanna
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sikandar G Khan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah Tamura
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jack D Jeskey
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Medical Research Scholar Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth H Kraemer
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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13
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Gorini F, Scala G, Cooke MS, Majello B, Amente S. Towards a comprehensive view of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine: Highlighting the intertwined roles of DNA damage and epigenetics in genomic instability. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 97:103027. [PMID: 33285475 PMCID: PMC7926032 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.103027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), a major product of DNA oxidation, is a pre-mutagenic lesion which is prone to mispair, if left unrepaired, with 2'-deoxyadenosine during DNA replication. While unrepaired or incompletely repaired 8-oxodG has classically been associated with genome instability and cancer, it has recently been reported to have a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Despite the growing collection of genome-wide 8-oxodG mapping studies that have been used to provide new insight on the functional nature of 8-oxodG within the genome, a comprehensive view that brings together the epigenetic and the mutagenic nature of the 8-oxodG is still lacking. To help address this gap, this review aims to provide (i) a description of the state-of-the-art knowledge on both the mutagenic and epigenetic roles of 8-oxodG; (ii) putative molecular models through which the 8-oxodG can cause genome instability; (iii) a possible molecular model on how 8-oxodG, acting as an epigenetic signal, could cause the translocations and deletions which are associated with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gorini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scala
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Barbara Majello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Amente
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.
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14
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Kumar N, Raja S, Van Houten B. The involvement of nucleotide excision repair proteins in the removal of oxidative DNA damage. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:11227-11243. [PMID: 33010169 PMCID: PMC7672477 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The six major mammalian DNA repair pathways were discovered as independent processes, each dedicated to remove specific types of lesions, but the past two decades have brought into focus the significant interplay between these pathways. In particular, several studies have demonstrated that certain proteins of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) and base excision repair (BER) pathways work in a cooperative manner in the removal of oxidative lesions. This review focuses on recent data showing how the NER proteins, XPA, XPC, XPG, CSA, CSB and UV-DDB, work to stimulate known glycosylases involved in the removal of certain forms of base damage resulting from oxidative processes, and also discusses how some oxidative lesions are probably directly repaired through NER. Finally, since many glycosylases are inhibited from working on damage in the context of chromatin, we detail how we believe UV-DDB may be the first responder in altering the structure of damage containing-nucleosomes, allowing access to BER enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Kumar
- Molecular Genetics and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sripriya Raja
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Bennett Van Houten
- Molecular Genetics and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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15
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Krokidis MG, D’Errico M, Pascucci B, Parlanti E, Masi A, Ferreri C, Chatgilialoglu C. Oxygen-Dependent Accumulation of Purine DNA Lesions in Cockayne Syndrome Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071671. [PMID: 32664519 PMCID: PMC7407219 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cockayne Syndrome (CS) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative premature aging disorder associated with defects in nucleotide excision repair (NER). Cells from CS patients, with mutations in CSA or CSB genes, present elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are defective in the repair of a variety of oxidatively generated DNA lesions. In this study, six purine lesions were ascertained in wild type (wt) CSA, defective CSA, wtCSB and defective CSB-transformed fibroblasts under different oxygen tensions (hyperoxic 21%, physioxic 5% and hypoxic 1%). In particular, the four 5′,8-cyclopurine (cPu) and the two 8-oxo-purine (8-oxo-Pu) lesions were accurately quantified by LC-MS/MS analysis using isotopomeric internal standards after an enzymatic digestion procedure. cPu levels were found comparable to 8-oxo-Pu in all cases (3–6 lesions/106 nucleotides), slightly increasing on going from hyperoxia to physioxia to hypoxia. Moreover, higher levels of four cPu were observed under hypoxia in both CSA and CSB-defective cells as compared to normal counterparts, along with a significant enhancement of 8-oxo-Pu. These findings revealed that exposure to different oxygen tensions induced oxidative DNA damage in CS cells, repairable by NER or base excision repair (BER) pathways. In NER-defective CS patients, these results support the hypothesis that the clinical neurological features might be connected to the accumulation of cPu. Moreover, the elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria in CS cells is associated with a reduction in the oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios G. Krokidis
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.K.); (A.M.); (C.F.)
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, N.C.S.R. “Demokritos”, 15310 Agia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Mariarosaria D’Errico
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.D.); (B.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Barbara Pascucci
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.D.); (B.P.); (E.P.)
- Institute of Crystallography, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo Stazione, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Parlanti
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.D.); (B.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Annalisa Masi
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.K.); (A.M.); (C.F.)
- Institute of Crystallography, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo Stazione, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Ferreri
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.K.); (A.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.K.); (A.M.); (C.F.)
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-639-8309
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16
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Lerner LK, Moreno NC, Rocha CRR, Munford V, Santos V, Soltys DT, Garcia CCM, Sarasin A, Menck CFM. XPD/ERCC2 mutations interfere in cellular responses to oxidative stress. Mutagenesis 2020; 34:341-354. [PMID: 31348825 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a conserved, flexible mechanism responsible for the removal of bulky, helix-distorting DNA lesions, like ultraviolet damage or cisplatin adducts, but its role in the repair of lesions generated by oxidative stress is still not clear. The helicase XPD/ERCC2, one of the two helicases of the transcription complex IIH, together with XPB, participates both in NER and in RNA pol II-driven transcription. In this work, we investigated the responses of distinct XPD-mutated cell lines to the oxidative stress generated by photoactivated methylene blue (MB) and KBrO3 treatments. The studied cells are derived from patients with XPD mutations but expressing different clinical phenotypes, including xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), XP and Cockayne syndrome (XP-D/CS) and trichothiodystrophy (TTD). We show by different approaches that all XPD-mutated cell lines tested were sensitive to oxidative stress, with those from TTD patients being the most sensitive. Host cell reactivation (HCR) assays showed that XP-D/CS and TTD cells have severely impaired repair capacity of oxidised lesions in plasmid DNA, and alkaline comet assays demonstrated the induction of significantly higher amounts of DNA strand breaks after treatment with photoactivated MB in these cells compared to wild-type cells. All XPD-mutated cells presented strong S/G2 arrest and persistent γ-H2AX staining after photoactivated MB treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that XPD participates in the repair of lesions induced by the redox process, and that XPD mutations lead to differences in the response to oxidatively induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia K Lerner
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália C Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Clarissa R R Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Munford
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Valquíria Santos
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela T Soltys
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila C M Garcia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Alain Sarasin
- CNRS-UMR8200, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Carlos F M Menck
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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17
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Vessoni AT, Guerra CCC, Kajitani GS, Nascimento LLS, Garcia CCM. Cockayne Syndrome: The many challenges and approaches to understand a multifaceted disease. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190085. [PMID: 32453336 PMCID: PMC7250278 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The striking and complex phenotype of Cockayne syndrome (CS) patients combines progeria-like features with developmental deficits. Since the establishment of the in vitro culture of skin fibroblasts derived from patients with CS in the 1970s, significant progress has been made in the understanding of the genetic alterations associated with the disease and their impact on molecular, cellular, and organismal functions. In this review, we provide a historic perspective on the research into CS by revisiting seminal papers in this field. We highlighted the great contributions of several researchers in the last decades, ranging from the cloning and characterization of CS genes to the molecular dissection of their roles in DNA repair, transcription, redox processes and metabolism control. We also provide a detailed description of all pathological mutations in genes ERCC6 and ERCC8 reported to date and their impact on CS-related proteins. Finally, we review the contributions (and limitations) of many genetic animal models to the study of CS and how cutting-edge technologies, such as cell reprogramming and state-of-the-art genome editing, are helping us to address unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Chaves Coelho Guerra
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e
Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas & Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Satoru Kajitani
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e
Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas & Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas,
Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo,SP, Brazil
| | - Livia Luz Souza Nascimento
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas,
Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo,SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Carrião Machado Garcia
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e
Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas & Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
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18
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Purine DNA Lesions at Different Oxygen Concentration in DNA Repair-Impaired Human Cells (EUE-siXPA). Cells 2019; 8:cells8111377. [PMID: 31683970 PMCID: PMC6912421 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) is a DNA repair disease characterized by nucleotide excision repair (NER) malfunction, leading to photosensitivity and increased incidence of skin malignancies. The role of XP-A in NER pathways has been well studied while discrepancies associated with ROS levels and the role of radical species between normal and deficient XPA cell lines have been observed. Using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry we have determined the four 5’,8-cyclopurines (cPu) lesions (i.e., 5′R-cdG, 5′S-cdG, 5′R-cdA and 5′S-cdA), 8-oxo-dA and 8-oxo-dG in wt (EUE-pBD650) and XPA-deficient (EUE-siXPA) human embryonic epithelial cell lines, under different oxygen tension (hyperoxic 21%, physioxic 5% and hypoxic 1%). The levels of Fe and Cu were also measured. The main findings of our study were: (i) the total amount of cPu (1.82–2.52 lesions/106 nucleotides) is the same order of magnitude as 8-oxo-Pu (3.10–4.11 lesions/106 nucleotides) in both cell types, (ii) the four cPu levels are similar in hyperoxic and physioxic conditions for both wt and deficient cell lines, whereas 8-oxo-Pu increases in all cases, (iii) both wt and deficient cell lines accumulated high levels of cPu under hypoxic compared to physioxic conditions, whereas the 8-oxo-Pu levels show an opposite trend, (iv) the diastereoisomeric ratios 5′R/5′S are independent of oxygen concentration being 0.29 for cdG and 2.69 for cdA for EUE-pBD650 (wt) and 0.32 for cdG and 2.94 for cdA for EUE-siXPA (deficient), (v) in deficient cell lines Fe levels were significantly higher. The data show for the first time the connection of oxygen concentration in cells with different DNA repair ability and the levels of different DNA lesions highlighting the significance of cPu. Membrane lipidomic data at 21% O2 indicated differences in the fatty acid contents between wild type and deficient cells, envisaging functional effects on membranes associated with the different repair capabilities, to be further investigated.
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19
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Wu Z, Zhu X, Yu Q, Xu Y, Wang Y. Multisystem analyses of two Cockayne syndrome associated proteins CSA and CSB reveal shared and unique functions. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 83:102696. [PMID: 31546172 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the CSA and CSB genes are causative of Cockayne syndrome neurological disorder. Since the identification of indispensable functions of these two proteins in transcription-coupled repair and restoring RNA synthesis following DNA damage, the paradoxical less severe clinical symptoms reported in some CS-A patients have been puzzling. In this study we compared the effects of a CSA or a CSB defect at the levels of the cell and the intact organism. We showed that CSA-deficient zebrafish embryos exhibited modest hypersensitive to UV damage than CSB depletion. We found that loss of CSA can effectively release aggregation of mutant crystallin proteins in vitro. We described the opposite effect of CSA and CSB on neuritogenesis and elucidated the differentiated gene expression pathways regulated by these two proteins. Our data demonstrate convergent and divergent roles for CSA and CSB in DNA repair and transcription regulation and provide potential explanations for the observed differences between CS-A and CS-B patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China; School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Qian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China; School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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20
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Kompella P, Vasquez KM. Obesity and cancer: A mechanistic overview of metabolic changes in obesity that impact genetic instability. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1531-1550. [PMID: 31168912 PMCID: PMC6692207 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, defined as a state of positive energy balance with a body mass index exceeding 30 kg/m2 in adults and 95th percentile in children, is an increasing global concern. Approximately one-third of the world's population is overweight or obese, and in the United States alone, obesity affects one in six children. Meta-analysis studies suggest that obesity increases the likelihood of developing several types of cancer, and with poorer outcomes, especially in children. The contribution of obesity to cancer risk requires a better understanding of the association between obesity-induced metabolic changes and its impact on genomic instability, which is a major driving force of tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss how molecular changes during adipose tissue dysregulation can result in oxidative stress and subsequent DNA damage. This represents one of the many critical steps connecting obesity and cancer since oxidative DNA lesions can result in cancer-associated genetic instability. In addition, the by-products of the oxidative degradation of lipids (e.g., malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, and acrolein), and gut microbiota-mediated secondary bile acid metabolites (e.g., deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid), can function as genotoxic agents and tumor promoters. We also discuss how obesity can impact DNA repair efficiency, potentially contributing to cancer initiation and progression. Finally, we outline obesity-related epigenetic changes and identify the gaps in knowledge to be addressed for the development of better therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of obesity-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Kompella
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, 1400 Barbara Jordan Boulevard, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Karen M. Vasquez
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, 1400 Barbara Jordan Boulevard, Austin, TX 78723, USA
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21
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5',8-Cyclopurine Lesions in DNA Damage: Chemical, Analytical, Biological, and Diagnostic Significance. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060513. [PMID: 31141888 PMCID: PMC6628319 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purine 5′,8-cyclo-2′-deoxynucleosides (cPu) are tandem-type lesions observed among the DNA purine modifications and identified in mammalian cellular DNA in vivo. These lesions can be present in two diasteroisomeric forms, 5′R and 5′S, for each 2′-deoxyadenosine and 2′-deoxyguanosine moiety. They are generated exclusively by hydroxyl radical attack to 2′-deoxyribose units generating C5′ radicals, followed by cyclization with the C8 position of the purine base. This review describes the main recent achievements in the preparation of the cPu molecular library for analytical and DNA synthesis applications for the studies of the enzymatic recognition and repair mechanisms, their impact on transcription and genetic instability, quantitative determination of the levels of lesions in various types of cells and animal model systems, and relationships between the levels of lesions and human health, disease, and aging, as well as the defining of the detection limits and quantification protocols.
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22
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Cadet J, Di Mascio P, Wagner JR. Radiation-induced (5' R)-and (5' S)-purine 5',8-cyclo-2'-deoxyribonucleosides in human cells: a revisited analysis of HPLC-MS/MS measurements. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:574-577. [PMID: 30961398 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1605169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Cadet
- a Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé , Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , Canada
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- b Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - J Richard Wagner
- a Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé , Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , Canada
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23
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Membrane Lipidome Reorganization and Accumulation of Tissue DNA Lesions in Tumor-Bearing Mice: An Exploratory Study. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040480. [PMID: 30987375 PMCID: PMC6520748 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased rates of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are involved in almost all cancer types, associated with tumor development and progression, causing damage to biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids and membrane lipids, in different biological compartments. We used a human tumor xenograft mouse model to evaluate for the first time in parallel the remodeling of fatty acid moieties in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids and the level of ROS-induced DNA lesions in liver and kidney tissues. Using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry the 5'R and 5'S diastereoisomers of 5',8-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine and 5',8-cyclo-2'-deoxyguanosine, together with 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyadenosine, were determined in mice at young (4- and 5-weeks) and old (17-weeks) ages and compared with control SCID mice without tumor implantation. Tumor-bearing mice showed a higher level of ROS-damaged nucleosides in genomic DNA as the age and tumor progress, compared to controls (1.07-1.53-fold in liver and 1.1-1.4-fold in kidney, respectively). The parallel fatty acid profile of erythrocyte membranes showed a profound lipid remodeling during tumor and age progression consisting of PUFA consumption and SFA enrichment (ca 28% and 58%, respectively, in late stage tumor-bearing mice), markers of enhanced oxidative and proliferative processes, respectively. Membrane lipid remodeling and ROS-induced DNA lesions may be combined to afford an integrated scenario of cancer progression and ageing, reinforcing a holistic vision among molecular markers rather than the biomarker identification in a single compartment.
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24
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Cordisco S, Tinaburri L, Teson M, Orioli D, Cardin R, Degan P, Stefanini M, Zambruno G, Guerra L, Dellambra E. Cockayne Syndrome Type A Protein Protects Primary Human Keratinocytes from Senescence. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:38-50. [PMID: 30009828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.06.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Defects in Cockayne syndrome type A (CSA), a gene involved in nucleotide excision repair, cause an autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by growth failure, progressive neurological dysfunction, premature aging, and skin photosensitivity and atrophy. Beyond its role in DNA repair, the CSA protein has additional functions in transcription and oxidative stress response, which are not yet fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the role of CSA protein in primary human keratinocyte senescence. Primary keratinocytes from three patients with CS-A displayed premature aging features, namely premature clonal conversion, high steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species and 8-OH-hydroxyguanine, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Stable transduction of CS-A keratinocytes with the wild-type CSA gene restored the normal cellular sensitivity to UV irradiation and normal 8-OH-hydroxyguanine levels. Gene correction was also characterized by proper restoration of keratinocyte clonogenic capacity and expression of clonal conversion key regulators (p16 and p63), decreased NF-κB activity and, in turn, the expression of its targets (NOX1 and MnSOD), and the secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype mediators. Overall, the CSA protein plays an important role in protecting cells from senescence by facilitating DNA damage processing, maintaining physiological redox status and keratinocyte clonogenic ability, and reducing the senescence-associated secretory phenotype-mediated inflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Cordisco
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lavinia Tinaburri
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Teson
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Romilda Cardin
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Degan
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Zambruno
- Genetic and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Liliana Guerra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Dellambra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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25
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miR-200a Modulates the Expression of the DNA Repair Protein OGG1 Playing a Role in Aging of Primary Human Keratinocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9147326. [PMID: 29765508 PMCID: PMC5889889 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9147326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative DNA damage accumulation may induce cellular senescence. Notably, senescent cells accumulate in aged tissues and are present at the sites of age-related pathologies. Although the signaling of DNA strand breaks has been extensively studied, the role of oxidative base lesions has not fully investigated in primary human keratinocyte aging. In this study, we show that primary human keratinocytes from elderly donors are characterized by a significant accumulation of the oxidative base lesion 8-OH-dG, impairment of oxidative DNA repair, and increase of miR-200a levels. Notably, OGG1-2a, a critical enzyme for 8-OH-dG repair, is a direct target of miR-200a and its expression levels significantly decrease in aged keratinocytes. The 8-OH-dG accumulation displays a significant linear relationship with the aging biomarker p16 expression during keratinocyte senescence. Interestingly, we found that miR-200a overexpression down-modulates its putative target Bmi-1, a well-known p16 repressor, and up-regulates p16 itself. miR-200a overexpression also up-regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β expression. Of note, primary keratinocytes from elderly donors are characterized by NRPL3 activation and IL-1β secretion. These findings point to miR-200a as key player in primary human keratinocyte aging since it is able to reduce oxidative DNA repair activity and may induce several senescence features through p16 and IL-1β up-regulation.
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Pascucci B, Fragale A, Marabitti V, Leuzzi G, Calcagnile AS, Parlanti E, Franchitto A, Dogliotti E, D'Errico M. CSA and CSB play a role in the response to DNA breaks. Oncotarget 2018; 9:11581-11591. [PMID: 29545921 PMCID: PMC5837770 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CS proteins have been involved in the repair of a wide variety of DNA lesions. Here, we analyse the role of CS proteins in DNA break repair by studying histone H2AX phosphorylation in different cell cycle phases and DNA break repair by comet assay in CS-A and CS-B primary and transformed cells. Following methyl methane sulphate treatment a significant accumulation of unrepaired single strand breaks was detected in CS cells as compared to normal cells, leading to accumulation of double strand breaks in S and G2 phases. A delay in DSBs repair and accumulation in S and G2 phases were also observed following IR exposure. These data confirm the role of CSB in the suppression of NHEJ in S and G2 phase cells and extend this function to CSA. However, the repair kinetics of double strand breaks showed unique features for CS-A and CS-B cells suggesting that these proteins may act at different times along DNA break repair. The involvement of CS proteins in the repair of DNA breaks may play an important role in the clinical features of CS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pascucci
- Institute of Cristallography, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy.,Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fragale
- Section of Tumor Immunology, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Veronica Marabitti
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Leuzzi
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angelo Salvatore Calcagnile
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Eleonora Parlanti
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Annapaola Franchitto
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Eugenia Dogliotti
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria D'Errico
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
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Cadet J, Davies KJA, Medeiros MH, Di Mascio P, Wagner JR. Formation and repair of oxidatively generated damage in cellular DNA. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 107:13-34. [PMID: 28057600 PMCID: PMC5457722 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, emphasis is placed on the critical survey of available data concerning modified nucleobase and 2-deoxyribose products that have been identified in cellular DNA following exposure to a wide variety of oxidizing species and agents including, hydroxyl radical, one-electron oxidants, singlet oxygen, hypochlorous acid and ten-eleven translocation enzymes. In addition, information is provided about the generation of secondary oxidation products of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine and nucleobase addition products with reactive aldehydes arising from the decomposition of lipid peroxides. It is worth noting that the different classes of oxidatively generated DNA damage that consist of single lesions, intra- and interstrand cross-links were unambiguously assigned and quantitatively detected on the basis of accurate measurements involving in most cases high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The reported data clearly show that the frequency of DNA lesions generated upon severe oxidizing conditions, including exposure to ionizing radiation is low, at best a few modifications per 106 normal bases. Application of accurate analytical measurement methods has also allowed the determination of repair kinetics of several well-defined lesions in cellular DNA that however concerns so far only a restricted number of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Cadet
- Département de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4.
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, United States; Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, United States
| | - Marisa Hg Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508 000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508 000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J Richard Wagner
- Département de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
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28
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Schuch AP, Moreno NC, Schuch NJ, Menck CFM, Garcia CCM. Sunlight damage to cellular DNA: Focus on oxidatively generated lesions. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 107:110-124. [PMID: 28109890 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The routine and often unavoidable exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation makes it one of the most significant environmental DNA-damaging agents to which humans are exposed. Sunlight, specifically UVB and UVA, triggers various types of DNA damage. Although sunlight, mainly UVB, is necessary for the production of vitamin D, which is necessary for human health, DNA damage may have several deleterious consequences, such as cell death, mutagenesis, photoaging and cancer. UVA and UVB photons can be directly absorbed not only by DNA, which results in lesions, but also by the chromophores that are present in skin cells. This process leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species, which may indirectly cause DNA damage. Despite many decades of investigation, the discrimination among the consequences of these different types of lesions is not clear. However, human cells have complex systems to avoid the deleterious effects of the reactive species produced by sunlight. These systems include antioxidants, that protect DNA, and mechanisms of DNA damage repair and tolerance. Genetic defects in these mechanisms that have clear harmful effects in the exposed skin are found in several human syndromes. The best known of these is xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), whose patients are defective in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) and translesion synthesis (TLS) pathways. These patients are mainly affected due to UV-induced pyrimidine dimers, but there is growing evidence that XP cells are also defective in the protection against other types of lesions, including oxidized DNA bases. This raises a question regarding the relative roles of the various forms of sunlight-induced DNA damage on skin carcinogenesis and photoaging. Therefore, knowledge of what occurs in XP patients may still bring important contributions to the understanding of the biological impact of sunlight-induced deleterious effects on the skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Passaglia Schuch
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97110-970 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Natália Cestari Moreno
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Natielen Jacques Schuch
- Departamento de Nutrição, Centro Universitário Franciscano, 97010-032 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Frederico Martins Menck
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Camila Carrião Machado Garcia
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas & Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
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Molecular mechanisms of discrotophos-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells: The role of CSA in oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 103:253-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Taghdiri M, Dastsooz H, Fardaei M, Mohammadi S, Farazi Fard MA, Faghihi MA. A Novel Mutation in ERCC8 Gene Causing Cockayne Syndrome. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:169. [PMID: 28848724 PMCID: PMC5552663 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized by impaired neurological and sensory functions, cachectic dwarfism, microcephaly, and photosensitivity. This syndrome shows a variable age of onset and rate of progression, and its phenotypic spectrum include a wide range of severity. Due to the progressive nature of this disorder, diagnosis can be more important when additional signs and symptoms appear gradually and become steadily worse over time. Therefore, mutation analysis of genes involved in CS pathogenesis can be helpful to confirm the suspected clinical diagnosis. Here, we report a novel mutation in ERCC8 gene in a 16-year-old boy who suffers from poor weight gain, short stature, microcephaly, intellectual disability, and photosensitivity. The patient was born to consanguineous family with no previous documented disease in his parents. To identify disease-causing mutation in the patient, whole exome sequencing utilizing next-generation sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform was performed. Results revealed a novel homozygote mutation in ERCC8 gene (NM_000082: exon 11, c.1122G>C) in our patient. Another gene (ERCC6), which is also involved in CS did not have any disease-causing mutations in the proband. The new identified mutation was then confirmed by Sanger sequencing in the proband, his parents, and extended family members, confirming co-segregation with the disease. In addition, different bioinformatics programs which included MutationTaster, I-Mutant v2.0, NNSplice, Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion, The PhastCons, Genomic Evolutationary Rate Profiling conservation score, and T-Coffee Multiple Sequence Alignment predicted the pathogenicity of the mutation. Our study identified a rare novel mutation in ERCC8 gene and help to provide accurate genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis to minimize new affected individuals in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Taghdiri
- Genetic Counseling Center, Shiraz Welfare Organization, Shiraz, Iran.,Comprehensive Medical Genetic Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Dastsooz
- Comprehensive Medical Genetic Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Majid Fardaei
- Comprehensive Medical Genetic Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Sanaz Mohammadi
- Comprehensive Medical Genetic Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Ali Faghihi
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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31
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Merecz A, Karwowski BT. DNA tandem lesion: 5′,8-cyclo-2′-deoxyadenosine. The influence on human health. Mol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893316050125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Cadet J, Wagner JR. Radiation-induced damage to cellular DNA: Chemical nature and mechanisms of lesion formation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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33
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Why Cockayne syndrome patients do not get cancer despite their DNA repair deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:10151-6. [PMID: 27543334 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1610020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) are human photosensitive diseases with mutations in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, which repairs DNA damage from UV exposure. CS is mutated in the transcription-coupled repair (TCR) branch of the NER pathway and exhibits developmental and neurological pathologies. The XP-C group of XP patients have mutations in the global genome repair (GGR) branch of the NER pathway and have a very high incidence of UV-induced skin cancer. Cultured cells from both diseases have similar sensitivity to UV-induced cytotoxicity, but CS patients have never been reported to develop cancer, although they often exhibit photosensitivity. Because cancers are associated with increased mutations, especially when initiated by DNA damage, we examined UV-induced mutagenesis in both XP-C and CS cells, using duplex sequencing for high-sensitivity mutation detection. Duplex sequencing detects rare mutagenic events, independent of selection and in multiple loci, enabling examination of all mutations rather than just those that confer major changes to a specific protein. We found telomerase-positive normal and CS-B cells had increased background mutation frequencies that decreased upon irradiation, purging the population of subclonal variants. Primary XP-C cells had increased UV-induced mutation frequencies compared with normal cells, consistent with their GGR deficiency. CS cells, in contrast, had normal levels of mutagenesis despite their TCR deficiency. The lack of elevated UV-induced mutagenesis in CS cells reveals that their TCR deficiency, although increasing cytotoxicity, is not mutagenic. Therefore the absence of cancer in CS patients results from the absence of UV-induced mutagenesis rather than from enhanced lethality.
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34
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Pascucci B, D'Errico M, Romagnoli A, De Nuccio C, Savino M, Pietraforte D, Lanzafame M, Calcagnile AS, Fortini P, Baccarini S, Orioli D, Degan P, Visentin S, Stefanini M, Isidoro C, Fimia GM, Dogliotti E. Overexpression of parkin rescues the defective mitochondrial phenotype and the increased apoptosis of Cockayne Syndrome A cells. Oncotarget 2016; 8:102852-102867. [PMID: 29262528 PMCID: PMC5732694 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ERCC8/CSA gene encodes a WD-40 repeat protein (CSA) that is part of a E3-ubiquitin ligase/COP9 signalosome complex. When mutated, CSA causes the Cockayne Syndrome group A (CS-A), a rare recessive progeroid disorder characterized by sun sensitivity and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. CS-A cells features include ROS hyperproduction, accumulation of oxidative genome damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased apoptosis that may contribute to the neurodegenerative process. In this study, we show that CSA localizes to mitochondria and specifically interacts with the mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein (DRP1) that is hyperactivated when CSA is defective. Increased fission is not counterbalanced by increased mitophagy in CS-A cells thus leading to accumulation of fragmented mitochondria. However, when mitochondria are challenged with the mitochondrial toxin carbonyl cyanide m-chloro phenyl hydrazine, CS-A fibroblasts undergo mitophagy as efficiently as normal fibroblasts, suggesting that this process remains targetable to get rid of damaged mitochondria. Indeed, when basal mitophagy was potentiated by overexpressing Parkin in CSA deficient cells, a significant rescue of the dysfunctional mitochondrial phenotype was observed. Importantly, Parkin overexpression not only reactivates basal mitophagy, but plays also an anti-apoptotic role by significantly reducing the translocation of Bax at mitochondria in CS-A cells. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into the role of CSA in mitochondrial maintenance and might open new perspectives for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pascucci
- Institute of Crystallography, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy.,Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria D'Errico
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Romagnoli
- Department Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, INMI L. Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara De Nuccio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Savino
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Donatella Pietraforte
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Lanzafame
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Angelo Salvatore Calcagnile
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Fortini
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Baccarini
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Donata Orioli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Degan
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo Rosanna Benzi, Genova, Italy
| | - Sergio Visentin
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Miria Stefanini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, INMI L. Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Eugenia Dogliotti
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
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Shabbir SH. DNA Repair Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration: Lessons From Rare Pediatric Disorders. J Child Neurol 2016; 31:392-6. [PMID: 26116382 DOI: 10.1177/0883073815592221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair disorders display a wide range of clinical syndromes and presentations, all associated at the molecular level by dysfunction of genes participating in the nucleotide excision repair pathway. Genotype-phenotype relationships are remarkably complex and not well understood. This article outlines neurodegenerative symptoms seen in nucleotide excision repair disorders and explores the role that nucleotide excision repair dysfunction can play in the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases.
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36
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Iyama T, Wilson DM. Elements That Regulate the DNA Damage Response of Proteins Defective in Cockayne Syndrome. J Mol Biol 2015; 428:62-78. [PMID: 26616585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a premature aging disorder characterized by developmental defects, multisystem progressive degeneration and sensitivity to ultraviolet light. CS is divided into two primary complementation groups, A and B, with the CSA and CSB proteins presumably functioning in DNA repair and transcription. Using laser microirradiation and confocal microscopy, we characterized the nature and regulation of the CS protein response to oxidative DNA damage, double-strand breaks (DSBs), angelicin monoadducts and trioxsalen interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). Our data indicate that CSB recruitment is influenced by the type of DNA damage and is most rapid and robust as follows: ICLs>DSBs>monoadducts>oxidative lesions. Transcription inhibition reduced accumulation of CSB at sites of monoadducts and ICLs, but it did not affect recruitment to (although slightly affected retention at) oxidative damage. Inhibition of histone deacetylation altered the dynamics of CSB assembly, suggesting a role for chromatin status in the response to DNA damage, whereas the proteasome inhibitor MG132 had no effect. The C-terminus of CSB and, in particular, its ubiquitin-binding domain were critical to recruitment, while the N-terminus and a functional ATPase domain played a minor role at best in facilitating protein accumulation. Although the absence of CSA had no effect on CSB recruitment, CSA itself localized at sites of ICLs, DSBs and monoadducts but not at oxidative lesions. Our results reveal molecular components of the CS protein response and point to a major involvement of complex lesions in the pathology of CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruaki Iyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David M Wilson
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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37
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Parlanti E, Pietraforte D, Iorio E, Visentin S, De Nuccio C, Zijno A, D'Errico M, Simonelli V, Sanchez M, Fattibene P, Falchi M, Dogliotti E. An altered redox balance and increased genetic instability characterize primary fibroblasts derived from xeroderma pigmentosum group A patients. Mutat Res 2015; 782:34-43. [PMID: 26546826 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP)-A patients are characterized by increased solar skin carcinogenesis and present also neurodegeneration. XPA deficiency is associated with defective nucleotide excision repair (NER) and increased basal levels of oxidatively induced DNA damage. In this study we search for the origin of increased levels of oxidatively generated DNA lesions in XP-A cell genome and then address the question of whether increased oxidative stress might drive genetic instability. We show that XP-A human primary fibroblasts present increased levels and different types of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) as compared to normal fibroblasts, with O₂₋• and H₂O₂ being the major reactive species. Moreover, XP-A cells are characterized by decreased reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratios as compared to normal fibroblasts. The significant increase of ROS levels and the alteration of the glutathione redox state following silencing of XPA confirmed the causal relationship between a functional XPA and the control of redox balance. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) analysis of the metabolic profile revealed a more glycolytic metabolism and higher ATP levels in XP-A than in normal primary fibroblasts. This perturbation of bioenergetics is associated with different morphology and response of mitochondria to targeted toxicants. In line with cancer susceptibility, XP-A primary fibroblasts showed increased spontaneous micronuclei (MN) frequency, a hallmark of cancer risk. The increased MN frequency was not affected by inhibition of ROS to normal levels by N-acetyl-L-cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Parlanti
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Pietraforte
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Egidio Iorio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Visentin
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara De Nuccio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Zijno
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria D'Errico
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Simonelli
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Sanchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Fattibene
- Department of Technology and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Falchi
- National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia Dogliotti
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Forestier A, Douki T, De Rosa V, Béal D, Rachidi W. Combination of Aβ Secretion and Oxidative Stress in an Alzheimer-Like Cell Line Leads to the Over-Expression of the Nucleotide Excision Repair Proteins DDB2 and XPC. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:17422-44. [PMID: 26263968 PMCID: PMC4581200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160817422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair of oxidative DNA damage, particularly Base Excision Repair (BER), impairment is often associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Here, we aimed at investigating the complete Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER), a DNA repair pathway involved in the removal of bulky DNA adducts, status in an Alzheimer-like cell line. The level of DNA damage was quantified using mass spectrometry, NER gene expression was assessed by qPCR, and the NER protein activity was analysed through a modified version of the COMET assay. Interestingly, we found that in the presence of the Amyloid β peptide (Aβ), NER factors were upregulated at the mRNA level and that NER capacities were also specifically increased following oxidative stress. Surprisingly, NER capacities were not differentially improved following a typical NER-triggering of ultraviolet C (UVC) stress. Oxidative stress generates a differential and specific DNA damage response in the presence of Aβ. We hypothesized that the release of NER components such as DNA damage binding protein 2 (DDB2) and Xeroderma Pigmentosum complementation group C protein (XPC) following oxidative stress might putatively involve their apoptotic role rather than DNA repair function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Forestier
- Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1/CEA/Institut Nanoscience et Cryogénie/SCIB, UMR-E3, Grenoble, France.
| | - Thierry Douki
- Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1/CEA/Institut Nanoscience et Cryogénie/SCIB, UMR-E3, Grenoble, France.
| | - Viviana De Rosa
- Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1/CEA/Institut Nanoscience et Cryogénie/SCIB, UMR-E3, Grenoble, France.
| | - David Béal
- Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1/CEA/Institut Nanoscience et Cryogénie/SCIB, UMR-E3, Grenoble, France.
| | - Walid Rachidi
- Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1/CEA/Institut Nanoscience et Cryogénie/SCIB, UMR-E3, Grenoble, France.
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Jing JJ, Sun LP, Xu Q, Yuan Y. Effect of ERCC8 tagSNPs and their association with H. pylori infection, smoking, and alcohol consumption on gastric cancer and atrophic gastritis risk. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9525-35. [PMID: 26130415 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excision repair cross-complementing group 8 (ERCC8) plays a critical role in DNA repair. Genetic polymorphisms in ERCC8 may contribute to the risk of cancer development. We selected tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) in Chinese patients from the HapMap database to investigate associations with gastric cancer and its precursors. Genomic DNA was extracted from 394 controls, 394 atrophic gastritis, and 394 gastric cancer cases in northern Chinese patients, and genotypes were identified using the Sequenom MassARRAY system. We found that the ERCC8 rs158572 GG+GA genotype showed a 1.651-fold (95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.109-2.457, P = 0.013) increased risk of gastric cancer compared with the AA genotype, especially in diffuse type. Stratified analysis comparing the common genotype revealed significantly increased gastric cancer risk in males and individuals older than 50 years with rs158572 GA/GG/GG+GA genotypes, while individuals older than 50 years with rs158916 CT/CC+CT genotypes were less susceptible to atrophic gastritis. Haplotype analysis showed that the G-T haplotype was associated with increased risk of gastric cancer. Statistically significant interactions between the two ERCC8 tagSNPs and Helicobacter pylori infection were observed for gastric cancer and atrophic gastritis risk (P < 0.05). Smokers and drinkers with ERCC8 rs158572 GG+GA genotype were more susceptible to gastric cancer compared with non-smokers and non-drinkers homozygous for AA. Our findings suggested that ERCC8 rs158572 and rs158916, alone or together with environmental factors, might be associated with gastric cancer and atrophic gastritis susceptibility. Further validation of our results in larger populations along with additional studies evaluating the underlying molecular function is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Jing
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Nanjing North Street 155#, Shenyang City, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention, Liaoning Provincial Education Department, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Nanjing North Street 155#, Shenyang City, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention, Liaoning Provincial Education Department, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Nanjing North Street 155#, Shenyang City, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention, Liaoning Provincial Education Department, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Nanjing North Street 155#, Shenyang City, 110001, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention, Liaoning Provincial Education Department, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Dizdaroglu M, Coskun E, Jaruga P. Measurement of oxidatively induced DNA damage and its repair, by mass spectrometric techniques. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:525-48. [PMID: 25812590 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1014814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidatively induced damage caused by free radicals and other DNA-damaging agents generate a plethora of products in the DNA of living organisms. There is mounting evidence for the involvement of this type of damage in the etiology of numerous diseases including carcinogenesis. For a thorough understanding of the mechanisms, cellular repair, and biological consequences of DNA damage, accurate measurement of resulting products must be achieved. There are various analytical techniques, with their own advantages and drawbacks, which can be used for this purpose. Mass spectrometric techniques with isotope dilution, which include gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC), provide structural elucidation of products and ascertain accurate quantification, which are absolutely necessary for reliable measurement. Both gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), in single or tandem versions, have been used for the measurement of numerous DNA products such as sugar and base lesions, 8,5'-cyclopurine-2'-deoxynucleosides, base-base tandem lesions, and DNA-protein crosslinks, in vitro and in vivo. This article reviews these techniques and their applications in the measurement of oxidatively induced DNA damage and its repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, MD , USA
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41
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Hosseini M, Ezzedine K, Taieb A, Rezvani HR. Oxidative and Energy Metabolism as Potential Clues for Clinical Heterogeneity in Nucleotide Excision Repair Disorders. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:341-351. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Richardson C, Yan S, Vestal CG. Oxidative stress, bone marrow failure, and genome instability in hematopoietic stem cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:2366-85. [PMID: 25622253 PMCID: PMC4346841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16022366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be generated by defective endogenous reduction of oxygen by cellular enzymes or in the mitochondrial respiratory pathway, as well as by exogenous exposure to UV or environmental damaging agents. Regulation of intracellular ROS levels is critical since increases above normal concentrations lead to oxidative stress and DNA damage. A growing body of evidence indicates that the inability to regulate high levels of ROS leading to alteration of cellular homeostasis or defective repair of ROS-induced damage lies at the root of diseases characterized by both neurodegeneration and bone marrow failure as well as cancer. That these diseases may be reflective of the dynamic ability of cells to respond to ROS through developmental stages and aging lies in the similarities between phenotypes at the cellular level. This review summarizes work linking the ability to regulate intracellular ROS to the hematopoietic stem cell phenotype, aging, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Richardson
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNC Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Woodward Hall Room 386B, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
| | - Shan Yan
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNC Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Woodward Hall Room 386B, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
| | - C Greer Vestal
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNC Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Woodward Hall Room 386B, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
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43
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Oxidatively induced DNA damage and its repair in cancer. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2014; 763:212-45. [PMID: 25795122 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidatively induced DNA damage is caused in living organisms by endogenous and exogenous reactive species. DNA lesions resulting from this type of damage are mutagenic and cytotoxic and, if not repaired, can cause genetic instability that may lead to disease processes including carcinogenesis. Living organisms possess DNA repair mechanisms that include a variety of pathways to repair multiple DNA lesions. Mutations and polymorphisms also occur in DNA repair genes adversely affecting DNA repair systems. Cancer tissues overexpress DNA repair proteins and thus develop greater DNA repair capacity than normal tissues. Increased DNA repair in tumors that removes DNA lesions before they become toxic is a major mechanism for development of resistance to therapy, affecting patient survival. Accumulated evidence suggests that DNA repair capacity may be a predictive biomarker for patient response to therapy. Thus, knowledge of DNA protein expressions in normal and cancerous tissues may help predict and guide development of treatments and yield the best therapeutic response. DNA repair proteins constitute targets for inhibitors to overcome the resistance of tumors to therapy. Inhibitors of DNA repair for combination therapy or as single agents for monotherapy may help selectively kill tumors, potentially leading to personalized therapy. Numerous inhibitors have been developed and are being tested in clinical trials. The efficacy of some inhibitors in therapy has been demonstrated in patients. Further development of inhibitors of DNA repair proteins is globally underway to help eradicate cancer.
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Khan I, Suhasini AN, Banerjee T, Sommers JA, Kaplan DL, Kuper J, Kisker C, Brosh RM. Impact of age-associated cyclopurine lesions on DNA repair helicases. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113293. [PMID: 25409515 PMCID: PMC4237422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
8,5′ cyclopurine deoxynucleosides (cPu) are locally distorting DNA base lesions corrected by nucleotide excision repair (NER) and proposed to play a role in neurodegeneration prevalent in genetically defined Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patients. In the current study, purified recombinant helicases from different classifications based on sequence homology were examined for their ability to unwind partial duplex DNA substrates harboring a single site-specific cPu adduct. Superfamily (SF) 2 RecQ helicases (RECQ1, BLM, WRN, RecQ) were inhibited by cPu in the helicase translocating strand, whereas helicases from SF1 (UvrD) and SF4 (DnaB) tolerated cPu in either strand. SF2 Fe-S helicases (FANCJ, DDX11 (ChlR1), DinG, XPD) displayed marked differences in their ability to unwind the cPu DNA substrates. Archaeal Thermoplasma acidophilum XPD (taXPD), homologue to the human XPD helicase involved in NER DNA damage verification, was impeded by cPu in the non-translocating strand, while FANCJ was uniquely inhibited by the cPu in the translocating strand. Sequestration experiments demonstrated that FANCJ became trapped by the translocating strand cPu whereas RECQ1 was not, suggesting the two SF2 helicases interact with the cPu lesion by distinct mechanisms despite strand-specific inhibition for both. Using a protein trap to simulate single-turnover conditions, the rate of FANCJ or RECQ1 helicase activity was reduced 10-fold and 4.5-fold, respectively, by cPu in the translocating strand. In contrast, single-turnover rates of DNA unwinding by DDX11 and UvrD helicases were only modestly affected by the cPu lesion in the translocating strand. The marked difference in effect of the translocating strand cPu on rate of DNA unwinding between DDX11 and FANCJ helicase suggests the two Fe-S cluster helicases unwind damaged DNA by distinct mechanisms. The apparent complexity of helicase encounters with an unusual form of oxidative damage is likely to have important consequences in the cellular response to DNA damage and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Khan
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Avvaru N. Suhasini
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Taraswi Banerjee
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua A. Sommers
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jochen Kuper
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Institute for Structural Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Kisker
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Institute for Structural Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert M. Brosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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45
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Cell-autonomous progeroid changes in conditional mouse models for repair endonuclease XPG deficiency. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004686. [PMID: 25299392 PMCID: PMC4191938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of the Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) process, the endonuclease XPG is involved in repair of helix-distorting DNA lesions, but the protein has also been implicated in several other DNA repair systems, complicating genotype-phenotype relationship in XPG patients. Defects in XPG can cause either the cancer-prone condition xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) alone, or XP combined with the severe neurodevelopmental disorder Cockayne Syndrome (CS), or the infantile lethal cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal (COFS) syndrome, characterized by dramatic growth failure, progressive neurodevelopmental abnormalities and greatly reduced life expectancy. Here, we present a novel (conditional) Xpg−/− mouse model which -in a C57BL6/FVB F1 hybrid genetic background- displays many progeroid features, including cessation of growth, loss of subcutaneous fat, kyphosis, osteoporosis, retinal photoreceptor loss, liver aging, extensive neurodegeneration, and a short lifespan of 4–5 months. We show that deletion of XPG specifically in the liver reproduces the progeroid features in the liver, yet abolishes the effect on growth or lifespan. In addition, specific XPG deletion in neurons and glia of the forebrain creates a progressive neurodegenerative phenotype that shows many characteristics of human XPG deficiency. Our findings therefore exclude that both the liver as well as the neurological phenotype are a secondary consequence of derailment in other cell types, organs or tissues (e.g. vascular abnormalities) and support a cell-autonomous origin caused by the DNA repair defect itself. In addition they allow the dissection of the complex aging process in tissue- and cell-type-specific components. Moreover, our data highlight the critical importance of genetic background in mouse aging studies, establish the Xpg−/− mouse as a valid model for the severe form of human XPG patients and segmental accelerated aging, and strengthen the link between DNA damage and aging. Accumulation of DNA damage has been implicated in aging. Many premature aging syndromes are due to defective DNA repair systems. The endonuclease XPG is involved in repair of helix-distorting DNA lesions, and XPG defects cause the cancer-prone condition xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) alone or combined with the severe neurodevelopmental progeroid disorder Cockayne syndrome (CS). Here, we present a novel (conditional) Xpg−/− mouse model which -in a C57BL6/FVB F1 hybrid background- displays many progressive progeroid features, including early cessation of growth, cachexia, kyphosis, osteoporosis, neurodegeneration, liver aging, retinal degeneration, and reduced lifespan. In a constitutive mutant with a complex phenotype it is difficult to dissect cause and consequence. We have therefore generated liver- and forebrain-specific Xpg mutants and demonstrate that they exhibit progressive anisokaryosis and neurodegeneration, respectively, indicating that a cell-intrinsic repair defect in neurons can account for neuronal degeneration. These findings strengthen the link between DNA damage and the complex process of aging.
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Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species are scavenged by Cockayne syndrome B protein in human fibroblasts without nuclear DNA damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:13487-92. [PMID: 25136123 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1414135111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a human DNA repair-deficient disease that involves transcription coupled repair (TCR), in which three gene products, Cockayne syndrome A (CSA), Cockayne syndrome B (CSB), and ultraviolet stimulated scaffold protein A (UVSSA) cooperate in relieving RNA polymerase II arrest at damaged sites to permit repair of the template strand. Mutation of any of these three genes results in cells with increased sensitivity to UV light and defective TCR. Mutations in CSA or CSB are associated with severe neurological disease but mutations in UVSSA are for the most part only associated with increased photosensitivity. This difference raises questions about the relevance of TCR to neurological disease in CS. We find that CSB-mutated cells, but not UVSSA-deficient cells, have increased levels of intramitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially when mitochondrial complex I is inhibited by rotenone. Increased ROS would result in oxidative damage to mitochondrial proteins, lipids, and DNA. CSB appears to behave as an electron scavenger in the mitochondria whose absence leads to increased oxidative stress. Mitochondrial ROS, however, did not cause detectable nuclear DNA damage even when base excision repair was blocked by an inhibitor of polyADP ribose polymerase. Neurodegeneration in Cockayne syndrome may therefore be associated with ROS-induced damage in the mitochondria, independent of nuclear TCR. An implication of our present results is that mitochondrial dysfunction involving ROS has a major impact on CS-B pathology, whereas nuclear TCR may have a minimal role.
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Cadet J, Wagner JR. Oxidatively generated base damage to cellular DNA by hydroxyl radical and one-electron oxidants: similarities and differences. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 557:47-54. [PMID: 24820329 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical (OH) and one-electron oxidants that may be endogenously formed through oxidative metabolism, phagocytosis, inflammation and pathological conditions constitute the main sources of oxidatively generated damage to cellular DNA. It is worth mentioning that exposure of cells to exogenous physical agents (UV light, high intensity UV laser, ionizing radiation) and chemicals may also induce oxidatively generated damage to DNA. Emphasis is placed in this short review article on the mechanistic aspects of OH and one-electron oxidant-mediated formation of single and more complex damage (tandem lesions, intra- and interstrand cross-links, DNA-protein cross-links) in cellular DNA arising from one radical hit. This concerns DNA modifications that have been accurately measured using suitable analytical methods such as high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Evidence is provided that OH and one-electron oxidants after generating neutral radicals and base radical cations respectively may partly induce common degradation pathways. In addition, selective oxidative reactions giving rise to specific degradation products of OH and one-electron oxidation reactions that can be used as representative biomarkers of these oxidants have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Cadet
- Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie, CEA/Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine des Sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - J Richard Wagner
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine des Sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
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Kropachev K, Ding S, Terzidis MA, Masi A, Liu Z, Cai Y, Kolbanovskiy M, Chatgilialoglu C, Broyde S, Geacintov NE, Shafirovich V. Structural basis for the recognition of diastereomeric 5',8-cyclo-2'-deoxypurine lesions by the human nucleotide excision repair system. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:5020-32. [PMID: 24615810 PMCID: PMC4041128 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The hydroxyl radical is a powerful oxidant that generates DNA lesions including the
stereoisomeric R and S
5′,8-cyclo-2′-deoxyadenosine (cdA) and
5′,8-cyclo-2′-deoxyguanosine (cdG) pairs that have been detected in cellular
DNA. Unlike some other oxidatively generated DNA lesions, cdG and cdA are repaired by the
human nucleotide excision repair (NER) apparatus. The relative NER efficiencies of all
four cyclopurines were measured and compared in identical human HeLa cell extracts for the
first time under identical conditions, using identical sequence contexts. The cdA and cdG
lesions were excised with similar efficiencies, but the efficiencies for both
5′R cyclopurines were greater by a factor of ∼2 than for the
5′S lesions. Molecular modeling and dynamics simulations have
revealed structural and energetic origins of this difference in NER-incision efficiencies.
These lesions cause greater DNA backbone distortions and dynamics relative to unmodified
DNA in 5′R than in 5′S stereoisomers,
producing greater impairment in van der Waals stacking interaction energies in the
5′R cases. The locally impaired stacking interaction energies
correlate with relative NER incision efficiencies, and explain these results on a
structural basis in terms of differences in dynamic perturbations of the DNA backbone
imposed by the R and S covalent 5′,8 bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Kropachev
- Department of Chemistry New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA, Department of Biology, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA and Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
The discovery of DNA repair defects in human syndromes, initially in xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) but later in many others, led to striking observations on the association of molecular defects and patients' clinical phenotypes. For example, patients with syndromes resulting from defective nucleotide excision repair (NER) or translesion synthesis (TLS) present high levels of skin cancer in areas exposed to sunlight. However, some defects in NER also lead to more severe symptoms, such as developmental and neurological impairment and signs of premature aging. Skin cancer in XP patients is clearly associated with increased mutagenesis and genomic instability, reflecting the defective repair of DNA lesions. By analogy, more severe symptoms observed in NER-defective patients have also been associated with defective repair, likely involving cell death after transcription blockage of damaged templates. Endogenously induced DNA lesions, particularly through oxidative stress, have been identified as responsible for these severe pathologies. However, this association is not that clear and alternative explanations have been proposed. Despite high levels of exposure to intense sunlight, patients from tropical countries receive little attention or care, which likely also reflects the lack of understanding of how DNA damage causes cancer and premature aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos FM Menck
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP,
Brazil
| | - Veridiana Munford
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP,
Brazil
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50
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Kassahun H, Nilsen H. Active transcriptomic and proteomic reprogramming in the C. elegans nucleotide excision repair mutant xpa-1. WORM 2013; 2:e27337. [PMID: 24744987 DOI: 10.4161/worm.27337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress promotes human aging and contributes to common neurodegenerative diseases. Endogenous DNA damage induced by oxidative stress is believed to be an important promoter of neurodegenerative diseases. Although a large amount of evidence correlates a reduced DNA repair capacity with aging and neurodegenerative disease, there is little direct evidence of causality. Moreover, the contribution of oxidative DNA damage to the aging process is poorly understood. We have used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to study the contribution of oxidative DNA damage and repair to aging. C. elegans is particularly well suited to tackle this problem because it has a minimum complexity DNA repair system, which enables us to circumvent the important limitation presented by the extensive redundancy of DNA repair enzymes in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henok Kassahun
- The Biotechnology Centre; University of Oslo; Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Nilsen
- The Biotechnology Centre; University of Oslo; Oslo, Norway
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