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Fang M, Wu HK, Pei Y, Zhang Y, Gao X, He Y, Chen G, Lv F, Jiang P, Li Y, Li W, Jiang P, Wang L, Ji J, Hu X, Xiao RP. E3 ligase MG53 suppresses tumor growth by degrading cyclin D1. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:263. [PMID: 37414783 PMCID: PMC10326024 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the essential role of cyclin D1 in regulating transition from G1 to S phase in cell cycle, aberrant cyclin D1 expression is a major oncogenic event in many types of cancers. In particular, the dysregulation of ubiquitination-dependent degradation of cyclin D1 contributes to not only the pathogenesis of malignancies but also the refractory to cancer treatment regiments with CDK4/6 inhibitors. Here we show that in colorectal and gastric cancer patients, MG53 is downregulated in more than 80% of tumors compared to the normal gastrointestinal tissues from the same patient, and the reduced MG53 expression is correlated with increased cyclin D1 abundance and inferior survival. Mechanistically, MG53 catalyzes the K48-linked ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of cyclin D1. Thus, increased expression of MG53 leads to cell cycle arrest at G1, and thereby markedly suppresses cancer cell proliferation in vitro as well as tumor growth in mice with xenograft tumors or AOM/DSS induced-colorectal cancer. Consistently, MG53 deficiency results in accumulation of cyclin D1 protein and accelerates cancer cell growth both in culture and in animal models. These findings define MG53 as a tumor suppressor via facilitating cyclin D1 degradation, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting MG53 in treating cancers with dysregulated cyclin D1 turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Kun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yumeng Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Gastrointestinal Tumor Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 100142, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyun He
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Gengjia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Fengxiang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yumei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Gastrointestinal Tumor Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 100142, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - Rui-Ping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
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Rozkiewicz D, Hermanowicz JM, Tankiewicz-Kwedlo A, Sieklucka B, Pawlak K, Czarnomysy R, Bielawski K, Surazynski A, Kalafut J, Przybyszewska A, Koda M, Jakubowska K, Rivero-Muller A, Pawlak D. The intensification of anticancer activity of LFM-A13 by erythropoietin as a possible option for inhibition of breast cancer. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 35:1697-1711. [PMID: 32912025 PMCID: PMC7717683 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1818738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human erythropoietin (Epo) is an effective and convenient treatment for cancer-related anaemia. In our study for the first time, we evaluated the effect of simultaneous use of Epo and Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor LFM-A13 on the viability and tumour development of breast cancer cells. The results demonstrated that Epo significantly intensifies the anticancer activity of LFM-A13 in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. The featured therapeutic scheme efficiently blocked the tumour development in zebrafish experimental cancer model. Epo and LFM-A13 administered together resulted in effective cell killing, accompanied by attenuation of the BTK signalling pathways, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), accumulation of apoptotic breast cancer cells with externalised PS, a slight increase in phase G0/G1 and a reduction in cyclin D1 expression. Simultaneous use of Epo with LFM-A13 inhibited early stages of tumour progression. This therapeutic scheme may be rationale for further possible research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Rozkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Justyna Magdalena Hermanowicz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Tankiewicz-Kwedlo
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Beata Sieklucka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pawlak
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Robert Czarnomysy
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Surazynski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Kalafut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Alicja Przybyszewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Koda
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Adolfo Rivero-Muller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Control of CCND1 ubiquitylation by the catalytic SAGA subunit USP22 is essential for cell cycle progression through G1 in cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E9298-E9307. [PMID: 30224477 PMCID: PMC6176615 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807704115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the deubiquitylase ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22 (USP22) is a marker of aggressive cancer phenotypes like metastasis, therapy resistance, and poor survival. Functionally, this overexpression of USP22 actively contributes to tumorigenesis, as USP22 depletion blocks cancer cell cycle progression in vitro, and inhibits tumor progression in animal models of lung, breast, bladder, ovarian, and liver cancer, among others. Current models suggest that USP22 mediates these biological effects via its role in epigenetic regulation as a subunit of the Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) transcriptional cofactor complex. Challenging the dogma, we report here a nontranscriptional role for USP22 via a direct effect on the core cell cycle machinery: that is, the deubiquitylation of the G1 cyclin D1 (CCND1). Deubiquitylation by USP22 protects CCND1 from proteasome-mediated degradation and occurs separately from the canonical phosphorylation/ubiquitylation mechanism previously shown to regulate CCND1 stability. We demonstrate that control of CCND1 is a key mechanism by which USP22 mediates its known role in cell cycle progression. Finally, USP22 and CCND1 levels correlate in patient lung and colorectal cancer samples and our preclinical studies indicate that targeting USP22 in combination with CDK inhibitors may offer an approach for treating cancer patients whose tumors exhibit elevated CCND1.
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Karpinsky G, Krawczyk MA, Izycka-Swieszewska E, Fatyga A, Budka A, Balwierz W, Sobol G, Zalewska-Szewczyk B, Rychlowska-Pruszynska M, Klepacka T, Dembowska-Baginska B, Kazanowska B, Gabrych A, Bien E. Tumor expression of survivin, p53, cyclin D1, osteopontin and fibronectin in predicting the response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in children with advanced malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:519-529. [PMID: 29332262 PMCID: PMC5816118 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2580-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Selected cell-cycle regulators and extracellular matrix proteins were found to play roles in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) biology. We aimed to analyze whether initial tumor tissue expressions of survivin, p53, cyclin D1, osteopontin (OPN) and fibronectin (FN) correlate with the response to neo-adjuvant CHT (naCHT) in children with advanced inoperable MPNST. METHODS The study included 26 children with MPNST (M/F 14/12, median age 130 months) treated in Polish centers of pediatric oncology between 1992 and 2013. Tissue expression of markers was studied immunohistochemically in the manually performed tissue microarrays and assessed semi-quantitatively as low and high, based on the rate of positive cells and staining intensity. RESULTS Good response to naCHT was noted in 47.6%, while poor-in 52.4% of patients. The response to naCHT was influenced negatively by the presence of neurofibromatosis NF1 and high initial tumor tissue expression of OPN, survivin, p53 and cyclin D1. Patients with high tumor expression of either OPN, survivin or p53 and those with simultaneous high expression of ≥ 3 of the markers, responded significantly worse to naCHT, than patients, in whom expression of ≤ 2 markers were detected at diagnosis. Nearly, 85% of patients expressing ≥ 3 markers, responded poor to CHT; while 87.5% of children, expressing ≤ 2 markers, were good responders. CONCLUSION The initial tumor tissue expression of OPN, survivin, p53 and cyclin D1 may serve as markers to predict response to naCHT in pediatric advanced MPNST. Future studies in more numerous group of patients are needed to confirm these preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malgorzata A Krawczyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Izycka-Swieszewska
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Street, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Fatyga
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Clinical Centre, 7 Debinki Street, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Budka
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Clinical Centre, 7 Debinki Street, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Walentyna Balwierz
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 265 Wielicka Street, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grazyna Sobol
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Silesia, 15 Medykow Street, Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Zalewska-Szewczyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, 36/50 Sporna Street, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Teresa Klepacka
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Mother and Child, 17A Kasprzaka Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Bernarda Kazanowska
- Department of Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation, Oncology and Hematology, Wroclaw Medical University, 213 Borowska Street, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Gabrych
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Clinical Centre, 7 Debinki Street, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bien
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
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Damnacanthal and its nanoformulation exhibit anti-cancer activity via cyclin D1 down-regulation. Life Sci 2016; 152:60-6. [PMID: 27018445 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Damnacanthal is an anthraquinone isolated from the root of Morinda citrifolia L. (noni), and it exhibits many pharmacological properties, including anti-cancer activity. Damnacanthal targets several signal transduction proteins related to cell growth inhibition or apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which damnacanthal affects cell cycle regulation have not been elucidated in detail. MAIN METHODS Cyclin D1 is an important regulatory protein in cell cycle progression and is overexpressed in many cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of damnacanthal on cyclin D1 expression. KEY FINDINGS We found that damnacanthal inhibited growth of several cancer cell lines (HCT-116, HT-29, MCF-7 and PC-3) in a dose- and time-dependent manner with a decrease in cyclin D1 protein expression. Damnacanthal did not change mRNA of cyclin D1; rather it suppressed cyclin D1 expression at the post-translational level. Subsequent experiments with several mutant cyclin D1 constructs suggest that the lysine sites of cyclin D1 play a pivotal role in damnacanthal-mediated cyclin D1 degradation. Furthermore, damnacanthal was encapsulated in self-assembled chitosan nanoparticles to improve both physicochemical and biological activities. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that encapsulated damnacanthal exhibits better activity in cell growth inhibition, compared to non-encapsulated damnacanthal. Thus, damnacanthal has potential to be a candidate for the development of chemoprevention or therapeutic agents for cancers.
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6
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Katayama M, Kiyono T, Horie K, Hirayama T, Eitsuka T, Kuroda K, Donai K, Hidema S, Nishimori K, Fukuda T. Establishment of an immortalized cell line derived from the prairie vole via lentivirus-mediated transduction of mutant cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin D, and telomerase reverse transcriptase. Exp Anim 2015; 65:87-96. [PMID: 26496927 PMCID: PMC4783654 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.15-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) shows social behaviors such as
monogamy and parenting of infants with pair bonding. These social behaviors are specific
to the prairie vole and have not been observed in other types of voles, such as mountain
voles. Although the prairie vole has several unique characteristics, an in
vitro cell culture system has not been established for this species.
Furthermore, establishment of cultured cells derived from the prairie vole may be
beneficial based on the three Rs (i.e., Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) concept.
Therefore, in this study, we attempted to establish an immortalized cell line derived from
the prairie vole. Our previous research has shown that transduction with mutant forms of
cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), cyclin D, and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT)
could efficiently immortalize cells from multiple species, including humans, cattle, pigs,
and monkeys. Here, we introduced these three genes into prairie vole-derived muscle
fibroblasts. The expression of mutant CDK4 and cyclin D proteins was confirmed by western
blotting, and telomerase activity was detected in immortalized vole muscle-derived
fibroblasts (VMF-K4DT cells or VMFs) by stretch PCR. Population doubling analysis showed
that the introduction of mutant CDK4, cyclin D, and TERT extended the lifespan of VMFs. To
the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the establishment of an
immortalized cell line derived from the prairie vole through the expression of mutant
CDK4, cyclin D, and human TERT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Katayama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
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7
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Shrestha A, Nepal S, Kim MJ, Chang JH, Kim SH, Jeong GS, Jeong CH, Park GH, Jung S, Lim J, Cho E, Lee S, Park PH. Critical Role of AMPK/FoxO3A Axis in Globular Adiponectin-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Cancer Cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:357-69. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Shrestha
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Republic of Korea
| | - Saroj Nepal
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Chang
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Saeng Jeong
- College of Pharmacy; Keimyung University; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Jeong
- College of Pharmacy; Keimyung University; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Hwan Park
- College of Pharmacy; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghee Jung
- Radioisotope Research Division, Department of Research Reactor Utilization; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Jaecheong Lim
- Radioisotope Research Division, Department of Research Reactor Utilization; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Eunha Cho
- Radioisotope Research Division, Department of Research Reactor Utilization; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Radioisotope Research Division, Department of Research Reactor Utilization; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Republic of Korea
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Vriend J, Reiter RJ. Melatonin feedback on clock genes: a theory involving the proteasome. J Pineal Res 2015; 58:1-11. [PMID: 25369242 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The expression of 'clock' genes occurs in all tissues, but especially in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus, groups of neurons in the brain that regulate circadian rhythms. Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland in a circadian manner as influenced by the SCN. There is also considerable evidence that melatonin, in turn, acts on the SCN directly influencing the circadian 'clock' mechanisms. The most direct route by which melatonin could reach the SCN would be via the cerebrospinal fluid of the third ventricle. Melatonin could also reach the pars tuberalis (PT) of the pituitary, another melatonin-sensitive tissue, via this route. The major 'clock' genes include the period genes, Per1 and Per2, the cryptochrome genes, Cry1 and Cry2, the clock (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) gene, and the Bmal1 (aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like) gene. Clock and Bmal1 heterodimers act on E-box components of the promoters of the Per and Cry genes to stimulate transcription. A negative feedback loop between the cryptochrome proteins and the nucleus allows the Cry and Per proteins to regulate their own transcription. A cycle of ubiquitination and deubiquitination controls the levels of CRY protein degraded by the proteasome and, hence, the amount of protein available for feedback. Thus, it provides a post-translational component to the circadian clock mechanism. BMAL1 also stimulates transcription of REV-ERBα and, in turn, is also partially regulated by negative feedback by REV-ERBα. In the 'black widow' model of transcription, proteasomes destroy transcription factors that are needed only for a particular period of time. In the model proposed herein, the interaction of melatonin and the proteasome is required to adjust the SCN clock to changes in the environmental photoperiod. In particular, we predict that melatonin inhibition of the proteasome interferes with negative feedback loops (CRY/PER and REV-ERBα) on Bmal1 transcription genes in both the SCN and PT. Melatonin inhibition of the proteasome would also tend to stabilize BMAL1 protein itself in the SCN, particularly at night when melatonin is naturally elevated. Melatonin inhibition of the proteasome could account for the effects of melatonin on circadian rhythms associated with molecular timing genes. The interaction of melatonin with the proteasome in the hypothalamus also provides a model for explaining the dramatic 'time of day' effect of melatonin injections on reproductive status of seasonal breeders. Finally, the model predicts that a proteasome inhibitor such as bortezomib would modify circadian rhythms in a manner similar to melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Vriend
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Zuryń A, Litwiniec A, Gagat M, Drzewucka J, Gackowska L, Grzanka A. The influence of arsenic trioxide on the cell cycle, apoptosis and expression of cyclin D1 in the Jurkat cell line. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:1350-8. [PMID: 25258011 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin D1 drives cell cycle progression at the G1/S transition and is believed to play a significant role in tumorigenesis, contributing to efficient proliferation of many cancer cells. Consequently, it is also recognized as an end-point biomarker of therapeutic outcome for different treatment modalities in cancer. In this study we aimed to evaluate the expression and localization of cyclin D1 in arsenic trioxide (ATO) treated Jurkat cells (lymphoblastic leukemia cell line) and to correlate these results with the extent of cell death and/or cell cycle alterations. Jurkat cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of ATO (0.2, 0.6 and 1.0μM) for 24h in standard cell culture conditions. To reach our goal we performed annexin V/PI labeling for detection of cell death and RNase/PI labeling for evaluation of cell cycle distribution, which were followed by the respective flow cytometric analyses of ATO-treated Jurkat cells. Transmission electron microscopy was applied for visualization of the cell ultrastructure. For cyclin D1 estimation a biparametric cyclinD1/cell cycle assay was done and localization of the protein was shown after immuno-labeling using light microscopy (ABC procedure) and confocal fluorescence microscopy. We found that there were no significant changes in the percentages of cyclin D1-positive cells after the treatment with ATO, but at the same time mean fluorescence intensity reflecting cyclin D1 content was gradually increasing along with the cell cycle progression, irrespective of the applied dose of the drug. On the other hand, we found a nuclear-cytoplasmic shift of this protein as a major treatment-related response, which was in good accord with an increased rate of cell death and suggested that cyclin D1 cytoplasmic degradation is an important determinant of the therapeutic efficiency of ATO in the Jurkat cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zuryń
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Karlowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Litwiniec
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute Radzikow, Research Division in Bydgoszcz, Department of Genetics and Breeding of Root Crops, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 10, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Karlowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Joanna Drzewucka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Karlowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Lidia Gackowska
- Department of Immunology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Sklodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alina Grzanka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Karlowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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10
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Su ML, Chang TM, Chiang CH, Chang HC, Hou MF, Li WS, Hung WC. Inhibition of chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 7 sialylation suppresses CCL19-stimulated proliferation, invasion and anti-anoikis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98823. [PMID: 24915301 PMCID: PMC4051673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 7 (CCR7) is involved in lymph-node homing of naive and regulatory T cells and lymphatic metastasis of cancer cells. Sialic acids comprise a group of monosaccharide units that are added to the terminal position of the oligosaccharide chain of glycoproteins by sialyation. Recent studies suggest that aberrant sialylation of receptor proteins contributes to proliferation, motility, and drug resistance of cancer cells. In this study, we addressed whether CCR7 is a sialylated receptor protein and tried to elucidate the effect of sialylation in the regulation of signal transduction and biological function of CCR7. Our results demonstrated that α-2, 3-sialyltransferase which catalyze sialylation reaction in vivo was overexpressed in breast tumor tissues and cell lines. Lectin blot analysis clearly demonstrated that CCR7 receptor was sialyated in breast cancer cells. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19), the cognate ligand for CCR7, induced the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and AKT signaling and increased the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins and proliferation of breast cancer cells. When cells were pre-treated with a sialyltransferase inhibitor AL10 or sialidase, CCL19-induced cell growth was significantly suppressed. CCL19 also increased invasion and prevented anoikis by up-regulating pro-survival proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Inhibition of sialylation by AL10 totally abolished these effects. Finally, we showed that AL10 inhibited tumorigenicity of breast cancer in experimental animals. Taken together, we demonstrate for the first time that CCR7 receptor is a sialylated protein and sialylation is important for the paracrine stimulation by its endogenous ligand CCL19. In addition, inhibition of aberrant sialylation of CCR7 suppresses proliferation and invasion and triggers anoikis in breast cancer cells. Targeting of sialylation enzymes may be a novel strategy for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lin Su
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsung-Ming Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Han-Chen Chang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, and Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Shan Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail: (WCH); (WSL)
| | - Wen-Chun Hung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail: (WCH); (WSL)
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11
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Zhang X, Lee SH, Min KW, McEntee MF, Jeong JB, Li Q, Baek SJ. The involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the suppression of colorectal tumorigenesis by tolfenamic acid. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:1337-47. [PMID: 24104354 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug tolfenamic acid has been shown to suppress cancer cell growth and tumorigenesis in different cancer models. However, the underlying mechanism by which tolfenamic acid exerts its antitumorigenic effect remains unclear. Previous data from our group and others indicate that tolfenamic acid alters expression of apoptosis- and cell-cycle arrest-related genes in colorectal cancer cells. Here, we show that tolfenamic acid markedly reduced the number of polyps and tumor load in APC(min)(/+) mice, accompanied with cyclin D1 downregulation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, tolfenamic acid promotes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, resulting in activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway, of which PERK-mediated phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) induces the repression of cyclin D1 translation. Moreover, the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 branch of the UPR pathway plays a role in tolfenamic acid-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells, as silencing ATF4 attenuates tolfenamic acid-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest ER stress is involved in tolfenamic acid-induced inhibition of colorectal cancer cell growth, which could contribute to antitumorigenesis in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996-4542. Phone: 865-974-8216; Fax: 865-974-5616; ; Qingwang Li, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Zhang X, Min KW, Wimalasena J, Baek SJ. Cyclin D1 degradation and p21 induction contribute to growth inhibition of colorectal cancer cells induced by epigallocatechin-3-gallate. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 138:2051-60. [PMID: 22814742 PMCID: PMC3584327 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The public has paid attention to green tea due to its health benefits. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major component of green tea, is well documented to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells by targeting multiple signal transduction pathways. However, the detailed mechanism(s) of action needs to be determined. METHODS Cell growth was evaluated by MTT assay, cell cycle analysis, and caspase 3/7 activity. Protein expression was analyzed through Western blotting. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used for examining mRNA expression of p21 and cyclin D1. The promoter activity of p21 was assessed by the luciferase reporter system. RESULTS We identified cyclin D1 and p21 as molecular targets of EGCG in human colorectal cancer cells. We observed that cyclin D1 was down-regulated, while p21 expression was up-regulated by EGCG in dose- and time-dependent manners. Furthermore, we found EGCG decreased cyclin D1 protein stability, therefore triggering ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. Meanwhile, EGCG increased p21 promoter activity, resulting in up-regulation of p21 mRNA and protein, which was likely dependent on extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase (IKK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3 K). CONCLUSION The data presented here details a novel mechanism by which EGCG inhibits cell growth of colorectal cancer cells. Namely, EGCG-induced cyclin D1 degradation and p21 transcriptional activation partially contribute to growth suppression in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996-4542, USA
| | - Kyung-Won Min
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996-4542, USA
| | - Jay Wimalasena
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA
| | - Seung Joon Baek
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996-4542, USA
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13
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Guo Y, Chinyengetere F, Dolinko AV, Lopez-Aguiar A, Lu Y, Galimberti F, Ma T, Feng Q, Sekula D, Freemantle SJ, Andrew AS, Memoli V, Dmitrovsky E. Evidence for the ubiquitin protease UBP43 as an antineoplastic target. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:1968-77. [PMID: 22752428 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
New pharmacologic targets are needed for lung cancer. One candidate pathway to target is composed of the E1-like ubiquitin-activating enzyme (UBE1L) that associates with interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), which complexes with and destabilizes cyclin D1. Ubiquitin protease 43 (UBP43/USP18) removes ISG15 from conjugated proteins. This study reports that gain of UBP43 stabilized cyclin D1, but not other D-type cyclins or cyclin E. This depended on UBP43 enzymatic activity; an enzymatically inactive UBP43 did not affect cyclin D1 stability. As expected, small interfering RNAs that reduced UBP43 expression also decreased cyclin D1 levels and increased apoptosis in a panel of lung cancer cell lines. Forced cyclin D1 expression rescued UBP43 apoptotic effects, which highlighted the importance of cyclin D1 in conferring this. Short hairpin RNA-mediated reduction of UBP43 significantly increased apoptosis and reduced murine lung cancer growth in vitro and in vivo after transplantation of these cells into syngeneic mice. These cells also exhibited increased response to all-trans-retinoic acid, interferon, or cisplatin treatments. Notably, gain of UBP43 expression antagonized these effects. Normal-malignant human lung tissue arrays were examined independently for UBP43, cyclin D1, and cyclin E immunohistochemical expression. UBP43 was significantly (P < 0.01) increased in the malignant versus normal lung. A direct relationship was found between UBP43 and cyclin D1 (but not cyclin E) expression. Differential UBP43 expression was independently detected in a normal-malignant tissue array with diverse human cancers. Taken together, these findings uncovered UBP43 as a previously unrecognized antineoplastic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
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14
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Shimonishi S, Muraguchi T, Mitake M, Sakane C, Okamoto K, Shidoji Y. Rapid downregulation of cyclin D1 induced by geranylgeranoic acid in human hepatoma cells. Nutr Cancer 2012; 64:473-80. [PMID: 22369110 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2012.655401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Geranylgeranoic acid (GGA) and its derivatives are currently under development as chemopreventive agents against second primary hepatoma in Japan. We aimed to evaluate chemoprevention targets of GGA and a surrogate marker of chemopreventive response to clarify the molecular mechanism of hepatoma chemoprevention with GGA. Human hepatoma-derived cell lines such as HuH-7, PLC/PRF/5, and HepG-2, were treated with GGA and its derivatives. Cellular dynamics of several cell-cycle-related proteins were assessed by either immunoblotting or immunofluorescence method. The cellular expression of cyclin D1 protein was suppressed immediately after GGA treatment. This reduction was partially blocked by pretreatment with 26S proteasome inhibitor MG-132, indicating that proteasomal degradation was involved in GGA-induced disappearance of cyclin D1. A phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (RB) at serine 780, a target site of cyclin D1-dependent kinase 4, was rapidly decreased in GGA-treated HuH-7 cells. Furthermore, subcellular fractionation, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence revealed GGA-induced nuclear accumulation of RB. These results strongly suggest that cyclin D1 may be a target of chemopreventive GGA in human hepatoma cells. GGA-induced rapid repression of cyclin D1, and a consequent dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of RB, may influence cell cycle progression and may be relevant to GGA-induced cell death mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Shimonishi
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Human Health Science, University of Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
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15
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Hao M, Chen X, Zhang T, Shen T, Xie Q, Xing X, Gu H, Lu F. Impaired nuclear export of tumor-derived c-terminal truncated cyclin D1 mutant in ESCC cancer. Oncol Lett 2011; 2:1203-1211. [PMID: 22848289 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2011.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 is a significant regulator of the G1- to S-phase transition and is often aberrant in human tumors of various origins. Although cancer-derived cyclin D1 mutants are potent oncogenes in vitro and in vivo, the mechanisms by which they contribute to neoplasia remaind to be elucidated. We previously identified a cyclin D1 mutation (Δ266-295) in esophageal cancer with deleted codons from 266 to 295 of wild-type cyclin D1, the critical COOH-terminal regulatory sequences necessary for cyclin D1 nuclear export. In the present study, this cancer-derived cyclin D1-Δ266-295 was shown to be a constitutively nuclear cyclin D1 protein with a significantly increased oncogenic potential. Moreover, the cancer-derived cyclin D1-Δ266-295 mutant was found to retain its ability to bind to and activate CDK4, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates the pRb protein and promotes cell cycle progression. In comparison to wild-type cyclin D1a, D1-Δ266-295 exhibited enforced nuclear accumulation. In addition, the transient transfection and ectopic expression of this nuclear localized D1-Δ266-295 up-regulated endogenous Notch1 expression, indicating that the mutant retained its ability as a transcriptional regulator. Furthermore, data from the flow cytometry assay showed that D1-Δ266-295 fractionally increased >4N cell accumulation, and further analysis suggested the retriggering of DNA replication relevant to its inhibition of Cdt1 proteolysis. Therefore, the inappropriate nuclear localization of this cyclin D1 mutant may interfere with DNA replication in cultured cells, thereby contributing to genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Hao
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081
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16
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Guo Y, Dolinko AV, Chinyengetere F, Stanton B, Bomberger JM, Demidenko E, Zhou DC, Gallagher R, Ma T, Galimberti F, Liu X, Sekula D, Freemantle S, Dmitrovsky E. Blockade of the ubiquitin protease UBP43 destabilizes transcription factor PML/RARα and inhibits the growth of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Cancer Res 2010; 70:9875-85. [PMID: 20935222 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
More effective treatments for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) are needed. APL cell treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) degrades the chimeric, dominant-negative-acting transcription factor promyelocytic leukemia gene (PML)/RARα, which is generated in APL by chromosomal translocation. The E1-like ubiquitin-activating enzyme (UBE1L) associates with interferon-stimulated gene ISG15 that binds and represses PML/RARα protein. Ubiquitin protease UBP43/USP18 removes ISG15 from conjugated proteins. In this study, we explored how RA regulates UBP43 expression and the effects of UBP43 on PML/RARα stability and APL growth, apoptosis, or differentiation. RA treatment induced UBE1L, ISG15, and UBP43 expression in RA-sensitive but not RA-resistant APL cells. Similar in vivo findings were obtained in a transgenic mouse model of transplantable APL, and in the RA response of leukemic cells harvested directly from APL patients. UBP43 knockdown repressed PML/RARα protein levels and inhibited RA-sensitive or RA-resistant cell growth by destabilizing the PML domain of PML/RARα. This inhibitory effect promoted apoptosis but did not affect the RA differentiation response in these APL cells. In contrast, elevation of UBP43 expression stabilized PML/RARα protein and inhibited apoptosis. Taken together, our findings define the ubiquitin protease UBP43 as a novel candidate drug target for APL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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17
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Ursodeoxycholic acid modulates the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway of p53. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 400:649-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Lysine 269 is essential for cyclin D1 ubiquitylation by the SCF(Fbx4/alphaB-crystallin) ligase and subsequent proteasome-dependent degradation. Oncogene 2010; 28:4317-25. [PMID: 19767775 PMCID: PMC2794935 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein ubiquitylation is a complex enzymatic process that results in the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, via Gly-76 of ubiquitin, to an ε-NH2-group of an internal lysine residue in a given substrate. While E3 ligases frequently utilize lysines adjacent to the degron within the substrate, many substrates can be targeted to the proteasome via polyubiquitylation of any lysine. We have assessed the role of lysine residues proximal to the cyclin D1 phosphodegron for ubiquitylation by the SCFFbx4/αB-crystallin ubiquitin ligase and subsequent proteasome-dependent degradation of cyclin D1. The work described herein reveals a requisite role for Lys-269 (K269) for the rapid, poly-ubiquitin mediated degradation of cyclin D1. Mutation of lysine 269, which is proximal to the phosphodegron sequence surrounding Thr-286 in cyclin D1, not only stabilizes cyclin D1, but also triggers cyclin D1 accumulation within the nucleus thereby promoting cell transformation. In addition, D1-K269R is resistant to genotoxic stress induced degradation, similar to non-phosphorylatable D1-T286A, supporting the critical role for the post-translational regulation of cyclin D1 in the response to DNA damaging agents. Strikingly, while mutation of lysine 269 to arginine inhibits cyclin D1 degradation, it does not inhibit cyclin D1 ubiquitylation in vivo demonstrating that ubiquitylation of a specific lysine can influence substrate targeting to the 26S proteasome.
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Zhang M, Xie R, Hou W, Wang B, Shen R, Wang X, Wang Q, Zhu T, Jonason JH, Chen D. PTHrP prevents chondrocyte premature hypertrophy by inducing cyclin-D1-dependent Runx2 and Runx3 phosphorylation, ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:1382-9. [PMID: 19351720 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.040709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In chondrocytes, PTHrP maintains them in a proliferative state and prevents premature hypertrophy. The mechanism by which PTHrP does this is not fully understood. Both Runx2 and Runx3 are required for chondrocyte maturation. We recently demonstrated that cyclin D1 induces Runx2 protein phosphorylation and degradation. In the present studies, we tested the hypothesis that PTHrP regulates both Runx2 and Runx3 protein stability through cyclin D1. We analyzed the effects of cyclin D1 on Runx3 protein stability and function using COS cells, osteoprogenitor C3H10T1/2 cells and chondrogenic RCJ3.1C5.18 cells. We found that cyclin D1 induced Runx3 degradation in a dose-dependent manner and that both Myc-tagged Runx3 and endogenous Runx3 interact directly with CDK4 in COS and RCJ3.1C5.18 cells. A conserved CDK recognition site was identified in the C-terminal region of Runx3 by sequence analysis (residues 356-359). Pulse-chase experiments showed that the mutation of Runx3 at Ser356 to alanine (SA-Runx3) increased the half-life of Runx3. By contrast, the mutation at the same serine residue to glutamic acid (SE-Runx3) accelerated Runx3 degradation. In addition, SA-Runx3 was resistant to cyclin D1-induced degradation. GST-Runx3 was strongly phosphorylated by CDK4 in vitro. By contrast, CDK4 had no effect on the phosphorylation of SA-Runx3. Although both wild-type and SE-Runx3 were ubiquitylated, this was not the case for SA-Runx3. Runx3 degradation by cyclin D1 was completely blocked by the proteasome inhibitor PS1. In C3H10T1/2 cells, SA-Runx3 had a greater effect on reporter activity than SE-Runx3. The same was true for ALP activity in these cells. To investigate the role of cyclin D1 in chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophy, we analyzed the growth plate morphology and expression of chondrocyte differentiation marker genes in Ccnd1-knockout mice. The proliferating and hypertrophic zones were significantly reduced and expression of chondrocyte differentiation marker genes and ALP activity were enhanced in 2-week-old Ccnd1-knockout mice. PTHrP significantly suppressed protein levels of both Runx2 and Runx3 in primary chondrocytes derived from wild-type mice. By contrast, the suppressive effect of PTHrP on Runx2 and Runx3 protein levels was completely abolished in primary chondrocytes derived from Ccnd1-knockout mice. Our findings demonstrate that the cell cycle proteins cyclin D1 and CDK4 induce Runx2 and Runx3 phosphorylation, ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. PTHrP suppresses Runx2 and Runx3 protein levels in chondrocytes through cyclin D1. These results suggest that PTHrP might prevent premature hypertrophy in chondrocytes, at least in part by inducing degradation of Runx2 and Runx3 in a cyclin-D1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
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20
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Feng Q, Sekula D, Guo Y, Liu X, Black CC, Galimberti F, Shah SJ, Sempere LF, Memoli V, Andersen JB, Hassel BA, Dragnev K, Dmitrovsky E. UBE1L causes lung cancer growth suppression by targeting cyclin D1. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 7:3780-8. [PMID: 19074853 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UBE1L is the E1-like ubiquitin-activating enzyme for the IFN-stimulated gene, 15-kDa protein (ISG15). The UBE1L-ISG15 pathway was proposed previously to target lung carcinogenesis by inhibiting cyclin D1 expression. This study extends prior work by reporting that UBE1L promotes a complex between ISG15 and cyclin D1 and inhibited cyclin D1 but not other G1 cyclins. Transfection of the UBE1L-ISG15 deconjugase, ubiquitin-specific protein 18 (UBP43), antagonized UBE1L-dependent inhibition of cyclin D1 and ISG15-cyclin D1 conjugation. A lysine-less cyclin D1 species was resistant to these effects. UBE1L transfection reduced cyclin D1 protein but not mRNA expression. Cycloheximide treatment augmented this cyclin D1 protein instability. UBE1L knockdown increased cyclin D1 protein. UBE1L was independently retrovirally transduced into human bronchial epithelial and lung cancer cells. This reduced cyclin D1 expression and clonal cell growth. Treatment with the retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene induced UBE1L and reduced cyclin D1 immunoblot expression. A proof-of-principle bexarotene clinical trial was independently examined for UBE1L, ISG15, cyclin D1, and Ki-67 immunohistochemical expression profiles in pretreatment versus post-treatment tumor biopsies. Increased UBE1L with reduced cyclin D1 and Ki-67 expression occurred in human lung cancer when a therapeutic bexarotene intratumoral level was achieved. Thus, a mechanism for UBE1L-mediated growth suppression was found by UBE1L-ISG15 preferentially inhibiting cyclin D1. Molecular therapeutic implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Remsen 7650, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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21
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Shah SJ, Blumen S, Pitha-Rowe I, Kitareewan S, Freemantle SJ, Feng Q, Dmitrovsky E. UBE1L represses PML/RAR{alpha} by targeting the PML domain for ISG15ylation. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:905-14. [PMID: 18413804 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by expression of promyelocytic leukemia (PML)/retinoic acid (RA) receptor alpha (RARalpha) protein and all-trans-RA-mediated clinical remissions. RA treatment can confer PML/RARalpha degradation, overcoming dominant-negative effects of this oncogenic protein. The present study uncovered independent retinoid degradation mechanisms, targeting different domains of PML/RARalpha. RA treatment is known to repress PML/RARalpha and augment ubiquitin-activating enzyme-E1-like (UBE1L) protein expression in NB4-S1 APL cells. We previously reported RA-induced UBE1L and the IFN-stimulated gene, 15-kDa protein ISG15ylation in APL cells. Whether the ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 directly conjugates with PML/RARalpha was not explored previously and is examined in this study. Transient transfection experiments with different PML/RARalpha domains revealed that RA treatment preferentially down-regulated the RARalpha domain, whereas UBE1L targeted the PML domain for repression. As expected, ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (UBP43/USP18), the ISG15 deconjugase, opposed UBE1L but not RA-dependent PML/RARalpha degradation. In contrast, the proteasomal inhibitor, N-acetyl-leucinyl-leucinyl-norleucinal, inhibited both UBE1L- and RA-mediated PML/RARalpha degradation. Notably, UBE1L induced ISG15ylation of the PML domain of PML/RARalpha, causing its repression. These findings confirmed that RA triggers PML/RARalpha degradation through different domains and distinct mechanisms. Taken together, these findings advance prior work by establishing two pathways converge on the same oncogenic protein to cause its degradation and thereby promote antineoplastic effects. The molecular pharmacologic implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit J Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, 7650 Remsen Building, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
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22
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Schnier JB, Nishi K, Harley WR, Gorin FA. An acidic environment changes cyclin D1 localization and alters colony forming ability in gliomas. J Neurooncol 2008; 89:19-26. [PMID: 18404250 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-008-9591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The human glioma cell lines, U87 and T98G, were evaluated for their ability to survive and form colonies in an acidic environment of pH(ext) 6.0. In contrast to U87, which showed an 80-90% survival rate, only 40% of T98G cells survived 6 days at pH(ext) 6.0 and lost their colony forming ability when returned to a normocidic environment. Although both U87 and T98G cells maintain an intracellular pH (pH(i)) of 7.0 at pH(ext) 6.0 and arrest mostly in G1 phase of the cell cycle, only T98G demonstrated a major loss of cyclin D1 that was prevented by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Colony forming ability was restored by stably transfecting T98G cells with a cyclin D1-expressing plasmid. Both U87 and T98G cells demonstrated increased cytoplasmic localization of cyclin D1 during exposure at pH(ext) 6.0. Upon prolonged (24 h) incubation at pH(ext) 6.0, nuclear cyclin D1 was nearly absent in T98G in contrast to U87 cells. Thus, an acidic environment triggers cytoplasmic localization and proteasomal degradation of cyclin D1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim B Schnier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Alao JP. The regulation of cyclin D1 degradation: roles in cancer development and the potential for therapeutic invention. Mol Cancer 2007; 6:24. [PMID: 17407548 PMCID: PMC1851974 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-6-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 600] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 is an important regulator of cell cycle progression and can function as a transcriptionl co-regulator. The overexpression of cyclin D1 has been linked to the development and progression of cancer. Deregulated cyclin D1 degradation appears to be responsible for the increased levels of cyclin D1 in several cancers. Recent findings have identified novel mechanisms involved in the regulation of cyclin D1 stability. A number of therapeutic agents have been shown to induce cyclin D1 degradation. The therapeutic ablation of cyclin D1 may be useful for the prevention and treatment of cancer. In this review, current knowledge on the regulation of cyclin D1 degradation is discussed. Novel insights into cyclin D1 degradation are also discussed in the context of ablative therapy. A number of unresolved questions regarding the regulation of cellular cyclin D1 levels are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Alao
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Lundberg Laboratory, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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