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Yang F, Liu WW, Chen H, Zhu J, Huang AH, Zhou F, Gan Y, Zhang YH, Ma L. Carfilzomib inhibits the growth of lung adenocarcinoma via upregulation of Gadd45a expression. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 21:64-76. [PMID: 31898443 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors have shown remarkable success in the treatment of hematologic neoplasm. There has been a lot of attention to applying these drugs for solid tumor treatment. Recent preclinical study has signified the effectiveness on cell proliferation inhibition in lung adenocarcinoma treated by carfilzomib (CFZ), a second generation proteasome inhibitor. However, no insight has been gained regarding the mechanism. In this study, we have systematically investigated the CFZ functions in cell proliferation and growth, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Flow cytometry experiments showed that CFZ significantly induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma. MTS and colony formation assays revealed that CFZ substantially inhibited survival of lung adenocarcinoma cells. All results were consistently correlated to the upregulation expression of Gadd45a, which is an important gene in modulating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to physiologic and environmental stresses. Here, upregulation of Gadd45a expression was observed after CFZ treatment. Knocking down Gadd45a expression suppressed G2/M arrest and apoptosis in CFZ-treated cells, and reduced cytotoxicity of this drug. The protein expression analysis has further identified that the AKT/FOXO3a pathway is involved in Gadd45a upregulation after CFZ treatment. These findings unveil a novel mechanism of proteasome inhibitor in anti-solid tumor activity, and shed light on novel preferable therapeutic strategy for lung adenocarcinoma. We believe that Gadd45a expression can be a highly promising candidate predictor in evaluating the efficacy of proteasome inhibitors in solid tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Wang-Wang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ai-Hua Huang
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yi Gan
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yan-Hua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
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Li T, Xu L, Teng J, Ma Y, Liu W, Wang Y, Chi X, Shao S, Dong Y, Zhan Q, Liu X. GADD45G Interacts with E-cadherin to Suppress the Migration and Invasion of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:1032-1041. [PMID: 31562612 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05836-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers with poor prognosis. Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 gamma (GADD45G) has been reported to correlate with survival, invasion, and metastasis of ESCC. This study was aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of GADD45G in ESCC cell migration and invasion. METHODS Both the effects of GADD45G and its need for E-cadherin to function on ESCC cell migration and invasion were determined through loss- and gain-of-function approaches via Transwell assays. The interaction between GADD45G and E-cadherin was detected by GST-pull down and IP assays. The expression of E-cadherin upon GADD45G overexpression was evaluated by RT-qPCR and western blot. The level of E-cadherin in cytoplasmic, nuclear, and membrane fractions was examined by western blot following subcellular fractionation. RESULTS Knockdown of GADD45G increased the migration and invasion abilities of KYSE150 cells, while overexpression of GADD45G showed the opposite effects on YES2 and KYSE30 cells. GADD45G could interact with E-cadherin and enhanced its membrane level. Knockdown of E-cadherin abolished the inhibitory effects of GADD45G on ESCC cell migration and invasion. Intriguingly, dimer-dissociating mutant of GADD45G could not interact with E-cadherin and almost lost its ability to suppress the ESCC cell migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a novel role for GADD45G in inhibiting the ESCC cell migration and invasion, which will provide a new insight in understanding the ESCC metastatic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Li
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lele Xu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jinglei Teng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yunping Ma
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Wenzhong Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xinming Chi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Shujuan Shao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yan Dong
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Qimin Zhan
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, China.
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Arasada RR, Shilo K, Yamada T, Zhang J, Yano S, Ghanem R, Wang W, Takeuchi S, Fukuda K, Katakami N, Tomii K, Ogushi F, Nishioka Y, Talabere T, Misra S, Duan W, Fadda P, Rahman MA, Nana-Sinkam P, Evans J, Amann J, Tchekneva EE, Dikov MM, Carbone DP. Notch3-dependent β-catenin signaling mediates EGFR TKI drug persistence in EGFR mutant NSCLC. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3198. [PMID: 30097569 PMCID: PMC6090531 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05626-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors cause dramatic responses in EGFR-mutant lung cancer, but resistance universally develops. The involvement of β-catenin in EGFR TKI resistance has been previously reported, however, the precise mechanism by which β-catenin activation contributes to EGFR TKI resistance is not clear. Here, we show that EGFR inhibition results in the activation of β-catenin signaling in a Notch3-dependent manner, which facilitates the survival of a subset of cells that we call "adaptive persisters". We previously reported that EGFR-TKI treatment rapidly activates Notch3, and here we describe the physical association of Notch3 with β-catenin, leading to increased stability and activation of β-catenin. We demonstrate that the combination of EGFR-TKI and a β-catenin inhibitor inhibits the development of these adaptive persisters, decreases tumor burden, improves recurrence free survival, and overall survival in xenograft models. These results supports combined EGFR-TKI and β-catenin inhibition in patients with EGFR mutant lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswara Rao Arasada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Konstantin Shilo
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Tadaaki Yamada
- Division of Medical Oncology, Kanazawa University Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa, 920-0934, Japan
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Seiji Yano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Kanazawa University Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa, 920-0934, Japan
| | - Rashelle Ghanem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Walter Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shinji Takeuchi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Kanazawa University Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa, 920-0934, Japan
| | - Koji Fukuda
- Division of Medical Oncology, Kanazawa University Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa, 920-0934, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Katakami
- Division of Integrated Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tomii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Ogushi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, National Hospital Organization National Kochi Hospital, Kochi, 780-8077, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tiffany Talabere
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shrilekha Misra
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Wenrui Duan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Paolo Fadda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Mohammad A Rahman
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and the Center for Critical Care Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Patrick Nana-Sinkam
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and the Center for Critical Care Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jason Evans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Joseph Amann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Elena E Tchekneva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Mikhail M Dikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - David P Carbone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Cui D, Sajan P, Shi J, Shen Y, Wang K, Deng X, Zhou L, Hu P, Gao L. MiR-148a increases glioma cell migration and invasion by downregulating GADD45A in human gliomas with IDH1 R132H mutations. Oncotarget 2018; 8:25345-25361. [PMID: 28445981 PMCID: PMC5421935 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas are severe tumors with poor prognosis. An R132H mutation in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1) gene prolongs the life of glioma patients. In this study, we investigated which genes are differentially regulated in IDH1 wild type (IDH1WT) or IDH1 R132H mutation (IDH1R132H) glioblastoma cells. Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein (GADD45A) was downregulated and microRNA 148a (miR-148a) was upregulated in in IDH1R132H human glioblastomas tissues. The relationship between GADD45A and miR-148a is unknown. In vitro experiments showed that GADD45A negatively regulates IDH1R132H glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and neurosphere formation in IDH1R132H glioblastoma stem cells (GSC). In addition, a human orthotopic xenograft mouse model showed that GADD45A reduced tumorigenesis in vivo. Our findings demonstrated that miR-148a promotes glioma cell invasion and tumorigenesis by downregulating GADD45A. Our findings provide novel insights into how GADD45A is downregulated by miR-148a in IDH1R132H glioma and may help to identify therapeutic targets for the effective treatment of high-grade glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Pandey Sajan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianyu Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingping Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
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Liu X, Deng Q, Luo X, Chen Y, Shan N, Qi H. Oxidative stress-induced Gadd45α inhibits trophoblast invasion and increases sFlt1/sEng secretions via p38 MAPK involving in the pathology of pre-eclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 29:3776-85. [PMID: 26809169 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2016.1144744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-eclampsia (PE) is one of the most common pregnancy-related complications. We have previously reported that growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 alpha (Gadd45α) is over-expressed in trophoblasts in pre-eclamptic placentas, with an excessive activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and increased levels of soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) and soluble endoglin (sEng) in maternal sera. Now we further investigate how Gadd45α regulates trophoblast functions and anti-angiogenesis factors secretions during placental development in patients with PE. METHODS Human placental villous explants were used to verify the effects of Gadd45α and p38 MAPK in placentation. Then HRT8/SVneo cells exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) were employed as an oxidative stress model to investigate the effects of Gadd45α on invasion and sFlt-1/sEng secretions. Through silencing Gadd45α with lentiviral vector-based short-hairpin RNA and inhibiting p38 MAPK with SB203580, we demonstrated that Gadd45α and its downstream p38 protein played roles in the pathology of pre-eclampsia. RESULTS Gadd45α was found to have increased expression in H/R-treated villous explants and HTR8/SVneo cells. Gadd45α knockdown or p38 blockage could promote trophoblast outgrowth and migration in H/R-exposed villous explants, and enhance the potentials of trophoblast migration/invasion and network formation in H/R-exposed HTR8/SVneo cells. These functional changes might be related to the increased activities of MMP2/9. Meanwhile, Gadd45α knockdown or p38 inhibition also decreases sFlt-1/sEng secretions via suppressing oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress-induced overexpression of Gadd45α might influence the activity of MMPs through activation of p38 MAPK signaling to affect the invasion of trophoblast cells, and increase the secretions of sFlt-1/sEng, which then participate in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiru Liu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Qinyin Deng
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xin Luo
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Ying Chen
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Nan Shan
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
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Wu T, Li Y, Liu B, Zhang S, Wu L, Zhu X, Chen Q. Expression of Ferritin Light Chain (FTL) Is Elevated in Glioblastoma, and FTL Silencing Inhibits Glioblastoma Cell Proliferation via the GADD45/JNK Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149361. [PMID: 26871431 PMCID: PMC4752301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that iron-associated proteins contribute to tumor initiation and development. Ferritin light chain (FTL), a key protein in iron metabolism, is associated with the survival of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association remain largely unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the role of FTL in the pathogenesis of GBM. By using quantitative real-time RT-PCR, we found that expression of FTL was higher in patients with GBM than in those with low-grade glioma. Immunofluorescence showed that FTL was mainly localized in the nucleus of GBM cells and was closely associated with mitotic spindles. Knockdown of FTL resulted in inhibition of cell growth and activation of the GADD45A/JNK pathway in GBM cells. Immunoblotting revealed that levels of GADD45A protein decreased in GBM cells when FTL expression increased. Furthermore, transfection of GADD45A in GBM cells significantly decreased cell viability, and this effect was impeded by co-transfection of FTL. Moreover, FTL was found to localize with GADD45A in GBM cells, and a coimmunoprecipitation experiment showed that the two proteins physically interacted. Taken together, these results demonstrate a novel mechanism by which FTL regulates the growth of GBM cells via the GADD45/JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingfeng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei province, PR China
| | - Yuntao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei province, PR China
| | - Baohui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei province, PR China
| | - Shenqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei province, PR China
| | - Liquan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei province, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei province, PR China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei province, PR China
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Li Y, Wang X, Yao L. Directional migration and transcriptional analysis of oligodendrocyte precursors subjected to stimulation of electrical signal. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 309:C532-40. [PMID: 26269459 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00175.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Loss of oligodendrocytes as the result of central nervous system disease causes demyelination that impairs axon function. Effective directional migration of endogenous or grafted oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to a lesion is crucial in the neural remyelination process. In this study, the migration of OPCs in electric fields (EFs) was investigated. We found that OPCs migrated anodally in applied EFs, and the directedness and displacement of anodal migration increased significantly when the EF strength increased from 50 to 200 mV/mm. However, EFs did not significantly affect the cell migration speed. The transcriptome of OPCs subjected to EF stimulation (100 and 200 mV/mm) was analyzed using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), and results were verified by the reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway that signals cell migration was significantly upregulated in cells treated with an EF of 200 mV/mm compared with control cells. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed the downregulation of differentially expressed genes in chemotaxis. This study suggests that an applied EF is an effective cue to guiding OPC migration in neural regeneration and that transcriptional analysis contributes to the understanding of the mechanism of EF-guided cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas; and
| | - Xinkun Wang
- Genome Sequencing Core and Genomics Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas; and
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Fucoxanthin: A Promising Medicinal and Nutritional Ingredient. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:723515. [PMID: 26106437 PMCID: PMC4461761 DOI: 10.1155/2015/723515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin, an allenic carotenoid, can be isolated from edible brown seaweeds. Recent studies have reported that fucoxanthin has many physiological functions and biological properties, such as antiobesity, antitumor, antidiabetes, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities, as well as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protective effects. Therefore, fucoxanthin can be used as both medicinal and nutritional ingredient to prevent and treat chronic diseases. Although fucoxanthin possesses many medicinal ingredient and nutritional qualities, studies indicated that its structure was unstable. In this paper, we consulted the current documents and reviewed structural properties and factors affecting the stability of fucoxanthin. We also reported the metabolism, safety, pharmacological activities, and the methods of improving the bioavailability of fucoxanthin. Based on these studies providing essential background knowledge, fucoxanthin can be developed into marine drugs and nutritional products.
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Jin S, Wang X, Tong T, Zhang D, Shi J, Chen J, Zhan Q. Aurora-A enhances malignant development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by phosphorylating β-catenin. Mol Oncol 2014; 9:249-59. [PMID: 25217103 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Aurora-A gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that is frequently overexpressed in several types of human tumors. The overexpression of Aurora-A has been observed to associate with the grades of differentiation, invasive capability and distant lymph node metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the molecular mechanism by which Aurora-A promotes malignant development of ESCC is still largely unknown. In this study, we show that Aurora-A overexpression enhances tumor cell invasion and metastatic potential in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Aurora-A overexpression inhibits the degradation of β-catenin, promotes its dissociation from cell-cell contacts and increases its nuclear translocation. We also demonstrate for the first time that Aurora-A directly interacts with β-catenin and phosphorylates β-catenin at Ser552 and Ser675. Substitutions of serine residue with alanine at single or both positions substantially attenuate Aurora-A-mediated stabilization of β-catenin, abolish its cytosolic and nuclear localization as well as transcriptional activity. In addition, Aurora-A overexpression is significantly correlated with increased cytoplasmic β-catenin expression in ESCC tissues. In view of our results, we propose that Aurora-A-mediated phosphorylation of β-catenin is a novel mechanism of malignancy development of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunqian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 10021, PR China; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 10021, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56 South Road of Xinjian, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Tong Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 10021, PR China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 10021, PR China
| | - Ji Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 10021, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 10021, PR China
| | - Qimin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 10021, PR China.
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Liu X, Mu H, Luo X, Xiao X, Ding Y, Yin N, Deng Q, Qi H. Expression of Gadd45α in human early placenta and its role in trophoblast invasion. Placenta 2014; 35:370-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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11
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Xu X, Yu T, Shi J, Chen X, Zhang W, Lin T, Liu Z, Wang Y, Zeng Z, Wang C, Li M, Liu C. Thymine DNA glycosylase is a positive regulator of Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:8881-90. [PMID: 24532795 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.538835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC). Although the mechanisms of β-catenin degradation have been well studied, the mechanism by which β-catenin activates transcription is still not fully understood. While screening a panel of DNA demethylases, we found that thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) up-regulated Wnt signaling. TDG interacts with the transcription factor TCF4 and coactivator CREB-binding protein/p300 in the Wnt pathway. Knocking down TDG by shRNAs inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. In CRC patients, TDG levels were significantly higher in tumor tissues than in the adjacent normal tissues. These results suggest that TDG warrants consideration as a potential biomarker for CRC and as a target for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehe Xu
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
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12
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Abstract
DNA damage response genes play vital roles in the maintenance of a healthy genome. Defects in cell cycle checkpoint and DNA repair genes, especially mutation or aberrant downregulation, are associated with a wide spectrum of human disease, including a predisposition to the development of neurodegenerative conditions and cancer. On the other hand, upregulation of DNA damage response and repair genes can also cause cancer, as well as increase resistance of cancer cells to DNA damaging therapy. In recent years, it has become evident that many of the genes involved in DNA damage repair have additional roles in tumorigenesis, most prominently by acting as transcriptional (co-)factors. Although defects in these genes are causally connected to tumor initiation, their role in tumor progression is more controversial and it seems to depend on tumor type. In some tumors like melanoma, cell cycle checkpoint/DNA repair gene upregulation is associated with tumor metastasis, whereas in a number of other cancers the opposite has been observed. Several genes that participate in the DNA damage response, such as RAD9, PARP1, BRCA1, ATM and TP53 have been associated with metastasis by a number of in vitro biochemical and cellular assays, by examining human tumor specimens by immunohistochemistry or by DNA genome-wide gene expression profiling. Many of these genes act as transcriptional effectors to regulate other genes implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. Furthermore, they are aberrantly expressed in numerous human tumors and are causally related to tumorigenesis. However, whether the DNA damage repair function of these genes is required to promote metastasis or another activity is responsible (e.g., transcription control) has not been determined. Importantly, despite some compelling in vitro evidence, investigations are still needed to demonstrate the role of cell cycle checkpoint and DNA repair genes in regulating metastatic phenotypes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos G. Broustas
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
| | - Howard B. Lieberman
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
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13
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Cancer preventive efficacy of marine carotenoid fucoxanthin: cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Nutrients 2013; 5:4978-89. [PMID: 24322524 PMCID: PMC3875925 DOI: 10.3390/nu5124978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological investigations have shown that overcoming the risk of cancer is related to the consumption of green vegetables and fruits. Many compounds from different origins, such as terrestrial plants and marine and microbial sources, have been reported to have therapeutic effects of which marine sources are the most important because the diversity of marine life is more varied than other sources. Fucoxanthin is one important compound with a marine origin and belongs to the group of carotenoids; it can be found in marine brown seaweeds, macroalgae, and diatoms, all of which have remarkable biological properties. Numerous studies have shown that fucoxanthin has considerable medicinal potential and promising applications in human health. In this review, we summarize the anticancer effects of fucoxanthin through several different mechanisms including anti-proliferation, induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and anti-angiogenesis, and its possible role in the treatment of cancer.
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14
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WANG HUIYONG, ZHANG YANQING, QIAN JIANG, ZHANG MINGUI, WANG XIANGNING. Radiotherapy-induced Gadd45a impairs lacrimal gland epithelial cell migration and proliferation. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1049-54. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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15
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Chen Y, Li D, Wang D, Liu X, Yin N, Song Y, Lu SH, Ju Z, Zhan Q. Quiescence and attenuated DNA damage response promote survival of esophageal cancer stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2013; 113:3643-52. [PMID: 22711554 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess the capability to resist DNA-damage induced cell death, whereas the mechanism is largely unknown. Here we show that cell cycle status and DNA damage response (DDR) in CSCs probably contribute to their survival in genotoxic insults. In this study, we isolated esophageal cancer stem cells (ECSCs) from esophageal cancer cell line EC9706 by side-population (SP) phenotype through flow cytometry and found that ECSCs preferentially stay quiescent as compared to the non-ECSCs and are more resistant to DNA damage agents. Further study revealed that ECSCs express a lower level of EGFR, phosphoralated Stat3, and c-Myc, yet abnormally upregulated p27. More interestingly, different from non-ECSCs, when suffering DNA damage agents, ECSCs showed attenuated DDR, as well as declined DNA repair potential. These data indicated ECSCs probably employed an impaired DDR to handle severe genomic insults. Conclusively, we infer that the damage-resistance ability of ECSCs is likely attributed to their slow-cycling status and avoidance of apoptosis or senescence triggered by an excessive DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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16
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Yang F, Zhang W, Li D, Zhan Q. Gadd45a suppresses tumor angiogenesis via inhibition of the mTOR/STAT3 protein pathway. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:6552-60. [PMID: 23329839 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.418335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gadd45a, a p53-regulated and DNA damage-inducible gene, is implicated in protection against tumor malignancy, although the underlying mechanism remains to be defined further. Here we demonstrate that Gadd45a plays an important role in suppression of tumor angiogenesis. Gadd45a deletion significantly increases microvessel density in tumors and stimulates an angiogenic response in a chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay. Disruption of endogenous Gadd45a promotes tube formation and migration of endothelial cells. We further show that Gadd45a deletion increases phosphorylation of STAT3 at Ser-727 and, in turn, elevates the STAT3 transcriptional activity. This process substantially induces both expression and secretion of VEGFa, a STAT3 responsive gene, and promotes tumor angiogenesis. Interestingly, Gadd45a is able to physically associate with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a kinase that mediates Ser-727 phosphorylation of STAT3. The interaction of Gadd45a with mTOR suppresses STAT3 phosphorylation at Ser-727 and leads to down-regulated expression of VEGFa. Further analysis reveals that Gadd45a overexpression attenuates the association between mTOR and STAT3, whereas Gadd45a disruption strengthens this interaction, indicating that Gadd45a suppression of STAT3 phosphorylation is mainly through the dissociation of mTOR with STAT3. Taken together, these findings provide the first evidence that Gadd45a inhibits tumor angiogenesis via blocking of the mTOR/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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17
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Shan Z, Li G, Zhan Q, Li D. Gadd45a inhibits cell migration and invasion by altering the global RNA expression. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 13:1112-22. [PMID: 22825327 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.21186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gadd45a, the first well-defined p53 downstream gene, can be induced by multiple DNA-damaging agents, which plays important roles in the control of cell cycle checkpoint, DNA repair process and signaling transduction. Our previous findings suggested that Gadd45a maintains cell-cell adhesion and cell contact inhibition. However, little is known about how Gadd45a participates in the suppression of malignancy in human cancer cells. To examine the functions of Gadd45a in cell invasion and metastasis, we performed the adhesion, wound-healing and transwell assays in Gadd45a (+/+) and Gadd45a (-/-) MEF cell lines. We found the adhesion, migration and invasive abilities were much higher in Gadd45a deficient cells. We furthermore applied high-throughput cDNA microarray analysis and bioinformatics analysis to analyze the mechanisms of Gadd45a gene in invasion and metastasis. Compared with the Gadd45a wild type cells, the Gadd45a deficient cells showed a wide range of transcripts alterations. The altered gene pathways were predicted by the MAS software, which indicated focal adhesion,cell communication,ECM-receptor interaction as the three main pathways. Real-time PCR was employed to validate the differentially expressed genes. Interestingly, we figured out that the deregulations of these genes are caused neither by genomic aberrations nor methylation status. These findings provided a novel insight that Gadd45a may involve in tumor progression by regulating related genes expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhai Shan
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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18
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Asuthkar S, Nalla AK, Gondi CS, Dinh DH, Gujrati M, Mohanam S, Rao JS. Gadd45a sensitizes medulloblastoma cells to irradiation and suppresses MMP-9-mediated EMT. Neuro Oncol 2011; 13:1059-73. [PMID: 21813510 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nor109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant tumors of the central nervous system during childhood. Radiation-induced medulloblastoma tumor recurrences are aggressive and metastatic in nature. In the present study, we demonstrate that Gadd45a expression can sensitize medulloblastoma cells to radiotherapy. We have elucidated the role of Gadd45a in ionizing radiation (IR)-induced G2-M arrest and invasion and metastatic potential of the medulloblastoma cancer cell lines DAOY and D283. We demonstrate that Gadd45a is induced by IR and results in p53 phosphorylation. The role of IR-induced Gadd45a in G2-M arrest is demonstrated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis in the cells treated with siRNA Gadd45a and Ov-exp Gadd45a. We show that Ov-exp Gadd45a aggravates G2-M blockage and also increases binding of Gadd45a to Cdc2 by immunocytochemistry analysis. Furthermore, we show the anti-tumorigenic role of Gadd45a to be mediated by the negative regulation of IR-induced cancer cell invasion and migration-associated proteins, such as matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-9 and β-catenin. When compared with IR treatment alone, Ov-exp Gadd45a plus IR treatment resulted in decreased nuclear localization and increased membrane localization of β-catenin, and this was further confirmed by membrane distribution. We also show that Ov-exp Gadd45a resulted in downregulation of MMP-9 and suppression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Alternatively, inhibition of MMP-9 (pM) resulted in upregulation of Gadd45a and suppression of EMT. The anti-tumor effect of pM was correlated with increased expression of Gadd45a protein in nude mice intracranial tumors. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that upregulation of Gadd45a or suppression of MMP-9 (pM) with IR retards medulloblastoma tumor metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Asuthkar
- Department of Cancer Biology & Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois 61605, USA
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Yan J, Jin S, Li J, Zhan Q. Aurora B interaction of centrosomal Nlp regulates cytokinesis. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:40230-9. [PMID: 20864540 PMCID: PMC3001004 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.140541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis is a fundamental cellular process, which ensures equal abscission and fosters diploid progenies. Aberrant cytokinesis may result in genomic instability and cell transformation. However, the underlying regulatory machinery of cytokinesis is largely undefined. Here, we demonstrate that Nlp (Ninein-like protein), a recently identified BRCA1-associated centrosomal protein that is required for centrosomes maturation at interphase and spindle formation in mitosis, also contributes to the accomplishment of cytokinesis. Through immunofluorescent analysis, Nlp is found to localize at midbody during cytokinesis. Depletion of endogenous Nlp triggers aborted division and subsequently leads to multinucleated phenotypes. Nlp can be recruited by Aurora B to the midbody apparatus via their physical association at the late stage of mitosis. Disruption of their interaction induces aborted cytokinesis. Importantly, Nlp is characterized as a novel substrate of Aurora B and can be phosphorylated by Aurora B. The specific phosphorylation sites are mapped at Ser-185, Ser-448, and Ser-585. The phosphorylation at Ser-448 and Ser-585 is likely required for Nlp association with Aurora B and localization at midbody. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation at Ser-185 is vital to Nlp protein stability. Disruptions of these phosphorylation sites abolish cytokinesis and lead to chromosomal instability. Collectively, these observations demonstrate that regulation of Nlp by Aurora B is critical for the completion of cytokinesis, providing novel insights into understanding the machinery of cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China and
| | - Shunqian Jin
- From the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China and
- the Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Jia Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China and
| | - Qimin Zhan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China and
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Chen RS, Song YM, Zhou ZY, Tong T, Li Y, Fu M, Guo XL, Dong LJ, He X, Qiao HX, Zhan QM, Li W. Disruption of xCT inhibits cancer cell metastasis via the caveolin-1/β-catenin pathway. Oncogene 2008; 28:599-609. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Das SK, Hashimoto T, Kanazawa K. Growth inhibition of human hepatic carcinoma HepG2 cells by fucoxanthin is associated with down-regulation of cyclin D. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2008; 1780:743-9. [PMID: 18230364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Revised: 12/27/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin, a major carotenoid in brown sea algae, has recently been demonstrated by us to inhibit the proliferation of colon cancer cells, and this effect was associated with growth arrest. These results, taken together with previous studies with fucoxanthin, suggest that it may be useful in chemoprevention of other human malignancies. The present study was designed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of fucoxanthin against hepatic cancer using the human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cell line (HepG2). Fucoxanthin reduced the viability of HepG2 cells accompanied with the induction of cell cycle arrest during the G0/G1 phase at 25 microM. This concentration of fucoxanthin inhibited the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) at Serine 780 (Ser780) position 18 h after treatment. The kinase activity of cyclin D and cdk4 complex, responsible for the phosphorylation of Rb Ser780 site, was down-regulated 18 h after the treatment. Western blotting analysis revealed that the expression of cyclin D-type protein was suppressed by treatment of fucoxanthin. This reduction was partially blocked by concurrent treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132, indicating the involvement of the proteasome-mediated degradation. In addition, RT-PCR analysis revealed that fucoxanthin also appeared to repress cyclin D mRNA. Thus, both the protein degradation and transcriptional repression seem to be responsible for suppressed cyclin D level in fucoxanthin-treated HepG2 cells which may be related to the antitumorgenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swadesh K Das
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, Nada, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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