1
|
MDC1 maintains active elongation complexes of RNA polymerase II. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111979. [PMID: 36640322 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of MDC1 in the DNA damage response has been extensively studied; however, its impact on other cellular processes is not well understood. Here, we describe the role of MDC1 in transcription as a regulator of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). Depletion of MDC1 causes a genome-wide reduction in the abundance of actively engaged RNAPII elongation complexes throughout the gene body of protein-encoding genes under unperturbed conditions. Decreased engaged RNAPII subsequently alters the assembly of the spliceosome complex on chromatin, leading to changes in pre-mRNA splicing. Mechanistically, the S/TQ domain of MDC1 modulates RNAPII-mediated transcription. Upon genotoxic stress, MDC1 promotes the abundance of engaged RNAPII complexes at DNA breaks, thereby stimulating nascent transcription at the damaged sites. Of clinical relevance, cancer cells lacking MDC1 display hypersensitivity to RNAPII inhibitors. Overall, we unveil a role of MDC1 in RNAPII-mediated transcription with potential implications for cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Y, Han J, Kong T, Xiao N, Mei Q, Liu J. DriverMP enables improved identification of cancer driver genes. Gigascience 2022; 12:giad106. [PMID: 38091511 PMCID: PMC10716827 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giad106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is widely regarded as a complex disease primarily driven by genetic mutations. A critical concern and significant obstacle lies in discerning driver genes amid an extensive array of passenger genes. FINDINGS We present a new method termed DriverMP for effectively prioritizing altered genes on a cancer-type level by considering mutated gene pairs. It is designed to first apply nonsilent somatic mutation data, protein‒protein interaction network data, and differential gene expression data to prioritize mutated gene pairs, and then individual mutated genes are prioritized based on prioritized mutated gene pairs. Application of this method in 10 cancer datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas demonstrated its great improvements over all the compared state-of-the-art methods in identifying known driver genes. Then, a comprehensive analysis demonstrated the reliability of the novel driver genes that are strongly supported by clinical experiments, disease enrichment, or biological pathway analysis. CONCLUSIONS The new method, DriverMP, which is able to identify driver genes by effectively integrating the advantages of multiple kinds of cancer data, is available at https://github.com/LiuYangyangSDU/DriverMP. In addition, we have developed a novel driver gene database for 10 cancer types and an online service that can be freely accessed without registration for users. The DriverMP method, the database of novel drivers, and the user-friendly online server are expected to contribute to new diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities for cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China
| | - Jiyun Han
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China
| | - Tongxin Kong
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China
| | - Nannan Xiao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China
| | - Qinglin Mei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, BNRIST Bioinformatics Division, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Juntao Liu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Targeting MDC1 promotes apoptosis and sensitizes Imatinib resistance in CML cells by mainly disrupting non-homologous end-joining repair. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:226. [PMID: 36175703 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01821-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The first-line drug Imatinib (IM) has achieved a curative effect in most chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, but drug resistance remains a problem. More alternative therapeutic strategies need to explore. In recent years, targeting dysregulated DNA repair mechanisms provided promising options for cancer treatment. Here, we discovered the versatile Mediator of DNA Damage Checkpoint 1 (MDC1) interacted with γ-H2AX and 53BP1 in the early stage of the DNA damage response of cells. MDC1 overexpressed in CML cell lines and patients' bone marrow mononuclear cells. By knocking down MDC1, non-homologous end-joining pathways were mainly inhibited, leading to an intense accumulation of unrepaired intracellular DNA damage and an apparent cell apoptosis promotion. Notably, targeting MDC1 further enhanced drug sensitivity in IM-resistant CML cells. Our work revealed that MDC1 is a prospective target for CML treatment through regulating DNA damage repair mechanism, and also an alternative option for IM resistance dilemma. This study extends the understanding of regulating dysfunctional DNA repair mechanisms for cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
4
|
Functional defects of cancer-associated MDC1 mutations in DNA damage repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 114:103330. [PMID: 35378404 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1 (MDC1) serves as a docking platform to promote the localization of various DNA damage response (DDR) components to DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites. MDC1 is vital in controlling proper DDR and maintaining genomic stability. In cancers, genomic instability results from mutations in DNA repair genes and drives cancer development. The mutations of MDC1 in human cancers have not been systematically examined and little is known about the molecular phenotypes caused by these genetic changes. Here, we summarized cancer-associated mutations of MDC1 including insertion/deletion mutations as well as missense mutations in key functional domains of MDC1 from ICGC, TCGA and COSMIC databases. We analyzed 711 somatic mutations of MDC1 across 26 types of human cancers and examined the functional defects of these cancer-associated mutations of MDC1 in the context of DNA damage repair. 6 truncation mutations and 7 missense mutations of MDC1 were chosen for further study. 6 truncation mutations which abolish MDC1-γH2AX interaction abrogate its biological functions in DNA damage repair. 2 missense mutations in FHA domain impaired ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) phosphorylation. 5 missense mutations in BRCT domain also abolished its interaction with γH2AX, resulting in defects in foci formation of MDC1, 53BP1 and BRCA1 as well as defects in G2/M checkpoints. We further used structural modeling to analyze the potential molecular mechanism by which the 7 missense mutations cause the DNA damage repair defects. Taken together, our results reveal these cancer-associated MDC1 mutations can result in functional defects in DNA damage response and may serve as biomarkers for cancer diagnostics in future.
Collapse
|
5
|
Sottnik JL, Bordeaux EK, Mehrotra S, Ferrara SE, Goodspeed AE, Costello JC, Sikora MJ. Mediator of DNA Damage Checkpoint 1 (MDC1) Is a Novel Estrogen Receptor Coregulator in Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1270-1282. [PMID: 33947745 PMCID: PMC8349796 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the most common special histologic subtype of breast cancer, and nearly all ILC tumors express estrogen receptor alpha (ER). However, clinical and laboratory data suggest ILC are strongly estrogen-driven but not equally antiestrogen-sensitive. We hypothesized ILC-specific ER coregulators mediate ER functions and antiestrogen resistance in ILC, and profiled ER-associated proteins by mass spectrometry. Three ER+ ILC cell lines (MDA MB 134VI, SUM44PE, and BCK4) were compared with ER+ invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) line data, and we examined whether siRNA of identified proteins suppressed ER-driven proliferation in ILC cells. This identified mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1), a tumor suppressor in DNA damage response (DDR), as a novel ER coregulator in ILC. We confirmed ER:MDC1 interaction was specific to ILC versus IDC cells, and found MDC1 knockdown suppressed ILC cell proliferation and tamoxifen resistance. Using RNA-sequencing, we found in ILC cells MDC1 knockdown broadly dysregulates the ER transcriptome, with ER:MDC1 target genes enriched for promoter hormone response elements. Importantly, our data are inconsistent with MDC1 tumor suppressor functions in DDR, but suggest a novel oncogenic role for MDC1 as an ER coregulator. Supporting this, in breast tumor tissue microarrays, MDC1 protein was frequently low or absent in IDC, but MDC1 loss was rare in ER+ ILC. ER:MDC1 interaction and MDC1 coregulator functions may underlie ER function in ILC and serve as targets to overcome antiestrogen resistance in ILC. IMPLICATIONS: MDC1 has novel ER coregulator activity in ILC, which may underlie ILC-specific ER functions, estrogen response, and antiestrogen resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Sottnik
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Evelyn K Bordeaux
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sanjana Mehrotra
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sarah E Ferrara
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Andrew E Goodspeed
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - James C Costello
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Matthew J Sikora
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kordbacheh F, Farah CS. Molecular Pathways and Druggable Targets in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3453. [PMID: 34298667 PMCID: PMC8307423 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, affecting an ever increasing global population. Despite advances in diagnostic technology and surgical approaches to manage these conditions, survival rates have only marginally improved and this has occurred mainly in developed countries. Some improvements in survival, however, have been a result of new management and treatment approaches made possible because of our ever-increasing understanding of the molecular pathways triggered in head and neck oncogenesis, and the growing understanding of the abundant heterogeneity of this group of cancers. Some important pathways are common to other solid tumours, but their impact on reducing the burden of head and neck disease has been less than impressive. Other less known and little-explored pathways may hold the key to the development of potential druggable targets. The extensive work carried out over the last decade, mostly utilising next generation sequencing has opened up the development of many novel approaches to head and neck cancer treatment. This paper explores our current understanding of the molecular pathways of this group of tumours and outlines associated druggable targets which are deployed as therapeutic approaches in head and neck oncology with the ultimate aim of improving patient outcomes and controlling the personal and economic burden of head and neck cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Kordbacheh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Camile S. Farah
- The Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Genomics for Life, Brisbane, QLD 4064, Australia
- Anatomical Pathology, Australian Clinical Labs, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Head and Neck Cancer Signalling Laboratory, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ye H, Chu X, Cao Z, Hu X, Wang Z, Li M, Wan L, Li Y, Cao Y, Diao Z, Peng F, Liu J, Xu L. A Novel Targeted Therapy System for Cervical Cancer: Co-Delivery System of Antisense LncRNA of MDC1 and Oxaliplatin Magnetic Thermosensitive Cationic Liposome Drug Carrier. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:1051-1066. [PMID: 33603368 PMCID: PMC7886386 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s258316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was aimed to prepare a novel magnetic thermosensitive cationic liposome drug carrier for the codelivery of Oxaliplatin (OXA) and antisense lncRNA of MDC1 (MDC1-AS) to Cervical cancer cells and evaluate the efficiency of this drug carrier and its antitumor effects on Cervical cancer. METHODS Thermosensitive magnetic cationic liposomes were prepared using thin-film hydration method. The OXA and MDC1-AS vectors were loaded into the codelivery system, and the in vitro OXA thermosensitive release activity, efficiency of MDC1-AS regulating MDC1, in vitro cytotoxicity, and in vivo antitumor activity were determined. RESULTS The codelivery system had desirable targeted delivery efficacy, OXA thermosensitive release, and MDC1-AS regulating MDC1. Codelivery of OXA and MDC1-AS enhanced the inhibition of cervical cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo, compared with single drug delivery. CONCLUSION The novel codelivery of OXA and MDC1-AS magnetic thermosensitive cationic liposome drug carrier can be applied in the combined chemotherapy and gene therapy for cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Chu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhensheng Cao
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuanxuan Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zihan Wang
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiqi Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leyu Wan
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongping Li
- Department of Surgery, Chengdu Shuangliu District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, ChengDu, Sichuan, 610200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongge Cao
- Department of Stomatology, Haiyuan College, Kunming, Yunnan, 650106, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanqiu Diao
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengting Peng
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Xu
- Department of General Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Krishnan V, Lim DXE, Hoang PM, Srivastava S, Matsuo J, Huang KK, Zhu F, Ho KY, So JBY, Khor C, Tsao S, Teh M, Fock KM, Ang TL, Jeyasekharan AD, Tan P, Yeoh KG, Ito Y. DNA damage signalling as an anti-cancer barrier in gastric intestinal metaplasia. Gut 2020; 69:1738-1749. [PMID: 31937549 PMCID: PMC7497583 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a premalignant stage that poses a greater risk for subsequent gastric cancer (GC). However, factors regulating IM to GC progression remain unclear. Previously, activated DNA damage response (DDR) signalling factors were shown to engage tumour-suppressive networks in premalignant lesions. Here, we interrogate the relationship of DDR signalling to mutational accumulation in IM lesions. DESIGN IM biopsies were procured from the gastric cancer epidemiology programme, an endoscopic surveillance programme where biopsies have been subjected to (epi)genomic characterisation. IM samples were classified as genome-stable or genome-unstable based on their mutational burden/somatic copy-number alteration (CNA) profiles. Samples were probed for DDR signalling and cell proliferation, using the markers γH2AX and MCM2, respectively. The expression of the gastric stem cell marker, CD44v9, was also assessed. Tissue microarrays representing the GC progression spectrum were included. RESULTS MCM2-positivity increased during GC progression, while γH2AX-positivity showed modest increase from normal to gastritis and IM stages, with further increase in GC. γH2AX levels correlated with the extent of chronic inflammation. Interestingly, genome-stable IM lesions had higher γH2AX levels underscoring a protective anti-cancer role for DDR signalling. In contrast, genome-unstable IM lesions with higher mutational burden/CNAs had lower γH2AX levels, elevated CD44v9 expression and modest promoter hypermethylation of DNA repair genes WRN, MLH1 and RAD52. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that IM lesions with active DDR will likely experience a longer latency at the premalignant state until additional hits that override DDR signalling clonally expand and promote progression. These observations provide insights on the factors governing IM progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaidehi Krishnan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Debbie Xiu En Lim
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Phuong Mai Hoang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Supriya Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Junichi Matsuo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kie Kyon Huang
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khek Yu Ho
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Jimmy Bok Yan So
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore
| | - Christopher Khor
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Stephen Tsao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ming Teh
- Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kwong Ming Fock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Tiing Leong Ang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Anand D Jeyasekharan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patrick Tan
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore,Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore
| | - Khay-Guan Yeoh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore .,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore.,Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore .,Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang W, Chen Y, Xu A, Cai M, Cao J, Zhu H, Yang B, Shao X, Ying M, He Q. Protein phase separation: A novel therapy for cancer? Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5008-5030. [PMID: 32851637 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, phase separation has been increasingly reported to play a pivotal role in a wide range of biological processes. Due to the close relationships between cancer and disorders in intracellular physiological function, the identification of new mechanisms involved in intracellular regulation has been regarded as a new direction for cancer therapy. Introducing the concept of phase separation into complex descriptions of disease mechanisms may provide many different insights. Here, we review the recent findings on the phase separation of cancer-related proteins, describing the possible relationships between phase separation and key proteins associated with cancer and indicate possible regulatory modalities, especially drug candidates for phase separation, which may provide more effective strategies for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingqian Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aixiao Xu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minyi Cai
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji Cao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejing Shao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meidan Ying
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ruff SE, Logan SK, Garabedian MJ, Huang TT. Roles for MDC1 in cancer development and treatment. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 95:102948. [PMID: 32866776 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is necessary to maintain genome integrity and prevent the accumulation of oncogenic mutations. Consequently, proteins involved in the DDR often serve as tumor suppressors, carrying out the crucial task of keeping DNA fidelity intact. Mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1) is a scaffold protein involved in the early steps of the DDR. MDC1 interacts directly with γ-H2AX, the phosphorylated form of H2AX, a commonly used marker for DNA damage. It then propagates the phosphorylation of H2AX by recruiting ATM kinase. While the function of MDC1 in the DDR has been reviewed previously, its role in cancer has not been reviewed, and numerous studies have recently identified a link between MDC1 and carcinogenesis. This includes MDC1 functioning as a tumor suppressor, with its loss serving as a biomarker for cancer and contributor to drug sensitivity. Studies also indicate that MDC1 operates outside of its traditional role in DDR, and functions as a co-regulator of nuclear receptor transcriptional activity, and that mutations in MDC1 are present in tumors and can also cause germline predisposition to cancer. This review will discuss reports that link MDC1 to cancer and identify MDC1 as an important player in tumor formation, progression, and treatment. We also discuss mechanisms by which MDC1 levels are regulated and how this contributes to tumor formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Ruff
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Susan K Logan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Michael J Garabedian
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Tony T Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Singh N, Bhakuni R, Chhabria D, Kirubakaran S. MDC1 depletion promotes cisplatin induced cell death in cervical cancer cells. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:146. [PMID: 32160908 PMCID: PMC7066845 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-04996-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cisplatin, the most common chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of advanced stage cervical cancers has limitations in terms of drugs resistance observed in patients partly due to functional DNA damage repair (DDR) processes in the cell. Mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1) is an important protein in the Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) mediated double stranded DNA break (DSB) repair pathway. In this regard, we investigated the effect of MDC1 change in expression on the cisplatin sensitivity in cervical cancer cells. RESULTS Through modulation of MDC1 expression in the cervical cancer cell lines; Hela, SiHa and Caski, we found that all the three cell lines silenced for MDC1 exhibited higher sensitivity to cisplatin treatment with inefficiency in accumulation of p γH2AX, Ser 139 foci and increased accumulation of pChk2 Thr 68 at the damaged chromatin followed by enhanced apoptosis. Further, we observed the increased p53 Ser 15 phosphorylation in the MDC1 depleted cells. Our studies suggest that MDC1 expression could be a key determinant in cervical cancer prognosis and its depletion in combination with cisplatin has the potential to be explored for the sensitisation of chemo-resistant cervical cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeru Singh
- Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Rashmi Bhakuni
- Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Dimple Chhabria
- Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Sivapriya Kirubakaran
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj Campus, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bloom JC, Loehr AR, Schimenti JC, Weiss RS. Germline genome protection: implications for gamete quality and germ cell tumorigenesis. Andrology 2019; 7:516-526. [PMID: 31119900 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germ cells have a unique and critical role as the conduit for hereditary information and therefore employ multiple strategies to protect genomic integrity and avoid mutations. Unlike somatic cells, which often respond to DNA damage by arresting the cell cycle and conducting DNA repair, germ cells as well as long-lived pluripotent stem cells typically avoid the use of error-prone repair mechanisms and favor apoptosis, reducing the risk of genetic alterations. Testicular germ cell tumors, the most common cancers of young men, arise from pre-natal germ cells. OBJECTIVES To summarize the current understanding of DNA damage response mechanisms in pre-meiotic germ cells and to discuss how they impact both the origins of testicular germ cell tumors and their remarkable responsiveness to genotoxic chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a review of literature gathered from PubMed regarding the DNA damage response properties of testicular germ cell tumors and the germ cells from which they arise, as well as the influence of these mechanisms on therapeutic responses by testicular germ cell tumors. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of how the developmental origins of male germ cells and their inherent germ cell-like DNA damage response directly impact the development and therapeutic sensitivity of testicular germ cell tumors. CONCLUSIONS The DNA damage response of germ cells directly impacts the development and therapeutic sensitivity of testicular germ cell tumors. Recent advances in the study of primordial germ cells, post-natal mitotically dividing germ cells, and pluripotent stem cells will allow for new investigations into the initiation, progression, and treatment of testicular germ cell tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Bloom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - A R Loehr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - J C Schimenti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - R S Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li X, Li C, Jin J, Wang J, Huang J, Ma Z, Huang X, He X, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Yu M, Huang S, Yan X, Li F, Pan J, Wang Y, Yu Y, Jin J. High PARP-1 expression predicts poor survival in acute myeloid leukemia and PARP-1 inhibitor and SAHA-bendamustine hybrid inhibitor combination treatment synergistically enhances anti-tumor effects. EBioMedicine 2018; 38:47-56. [PMID: 30472087 PMCID: PMC6306376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background PARP-1 plays a critical role in DNA damage repair and contributes to progression of cancer. To explore the role of PARP-1 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we analyzed the expression of PARP-1 in AML and its relation to the clinical prognosis. Then, we investigated the efficacy and mechanism of PARP inhibitor BMN673 (Talazoparib) combined with NL101, a novel SAHA-bendamustine hybrid in vitro and in vivo. Methods The expression of PARP-1 in 339 cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML) cases was evaluated using RT-PCR. According to the expression of PARP-1, the clinical characteristics and prognosis of the patients were grouped and compared. The combination effects of BMN673 and NL101 were studied in AML cells and B-NSG mice xenograft model of MV4-11. Findings We found patients in high PARP-1 expression group had higher levels of blast cells in bone marrow (P = .003) and white blood cells (WBC) in peripheral blood (P = .008), and were associated with a more frequent FLT3-ITD mutation (28.2% vs 17.3%, P = .031). The overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) of the high expression group were significantly shorter than those in the low expression group (OS, P = .005 and EFS, P = .004). BMN673 combined with NL101 had a strong synergistic effect in treating AML. The combination significantly induced cell apoptosis and arrested cell cycle in G2/M phase. Mechanistically, BMN673 and NL101 combinatorial treatment promoted DNA damage. In vivo, the combination effectively delayed the development of AML and prolonged survival. Interpretation High PARP-1 expression predicts poor survival in CN-AML patients. The synergistic effects of PARP inhibitor BMN673 in combination with SAHA-bendamustine hybrid, NL101, provide a new therapeutic strategy against AML. Fund National Natural Science Foundation of China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Innovation Team.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Chenying Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jingrui Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiansong Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Zhixin Ma
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yile Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Mengxia Yu
- Department of Hematology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shujuan Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Fenglin Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jiajia Pan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yungui Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yongping Yu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The Role for the DSB Response Pathway in Regulating Chromosome Translocations. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1044:65-87. [PMID: 29956292 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0593-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In response to DNA double strand breaks (DSB), mammalian cells activate the DNA Damage Response (DDR), a network of factors that coordinate their detection, signaling and repair. Central to this network is the ATM kinase and its substrates at chromatin surrounding DSBs H2AX, MDC1 and 53BP1. In humans, germline inactivation of ATM causes Ataxia Telangiectasia (A-T), an autosomal recessive syndrome of increased proneness to hematological malignancies driven by clonal chromosomal translocations. Studies of cancers arising in A-T patients and in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) deficient for ATM and its substrates have revealed complex, multilayered roles for ATM in translocation suppression and identified functional redundancies between ATM and its substrates in this context. "Programmed" DSBs at antigen receptor loci in developing lymphocytes employ ubiquitous DDR factors for signaling and repair and have been particularly useful for mechanistic studies because they are region-specific and can be monitored in vitro and in vivo. In this context, murine thymocytes deficient for ATM recapitulate the molecular events that lead to transformation in T cells from A-T patients and provide a widely used model to study the mechanisms that suppress RAG recombinase-dependent translocations. Similarly, analyses of the fate of Activation induced Cytidine Deaminase (AID)-dependent DSBs during mature B cell Class Switch Recombination (CSR) have defined the genetic requirements for end-joining and translocation suppression in this setting. Moreover, a unique role for 53BP1 in the promotion of synapsis of distant DSBs has emerged from these studies.
Collapse
|
15
|
Chemotherapy-Induced Depletion of OCT4-Positive Cancer Stem Cells in a Mouse Model of Malignant Testicular Cancer. Cell Rep 2018; 21:1896-1909. [PMID: 29141221 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are among the most responsive solid cancers to conventional chemotherapy. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we developed a mouse TGCT model featuring germ cell-specific Kras activation and Pten inactivation. The resulting mice developed malignant, metastatic TGCTs composed of teratoma and embryonal carcinoma, the latter of which exhibited stem cell characteristics, including expression of the pluripotency factor OCT4. Consistent with epidemiological data linking human testicular cancer risk to in utero exposures, embryonic germ cells were susceptible to malignant transformation, whereas adult germ cells underwent apoptosis in response to the same oncogenic events. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with genotoxic chemotherapy not only prolonged survival and reduced tumor size but also selectively eliminated the OCT4-positive cancer stem cells. We conclude that the chemosensitivity of TGCTs derives from the sensitivity of their cancer stem cells to DNA-damaging chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Terminally differentiated cells have a reduced capacity to repair double-stranded breaks (DSB) in DNA, however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that miR-22 is upregulated during postmitotic differentiation of human breast MCF-7 cells, hematopoietic HL60 and K562 cells. Increased expression of miR-22 in differentiated cells was associated with decreased expression of MDC1, a protein that plays a key role in the response to DSBs. This downregulation of MDC1 was accompanied by reduced DSB repair, impaired recruitment of the protein to the site of DNA damage following IR. Conversely, inhibiting miR-22 enhanced MDC1 protein levels, recovered MDC1 foci, fully rescued DSB repair in terminally differentiated cells. Moreover, MDC1 levels, IR-induced MDC1 foci, and the efficiency of DSB repair were fully rescued by siRNA-mediated knockdown of c-Fos in differentiated cells. These findings indicate that the c-Fos/miR-22/MDC1 axis plays a relevant role in DNA repair in terminally differentiated cells, which may facilitate our understanding of molecular mechanism underlying the downregulating DNA repair in differentiated cells.
Collapse
|
17
|
Liao YH, Ren JT, Zhang W, Zhang ZZ, Lin Y, Su FX, Jia WH, Tang LY, Ren ZF. Polymorphisms in homologous recombination repair genes and the risk and survival of breast cancer. J Gene Med 2017; 19. [PMID: 28940489 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin (Ig)A antibody of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was found to associate with breast cancer (BC), whereas IgA positivity was related to a series of genetic markers in the genes of homologous recombination repair system (HRRs). We assessed the associations of the polymorphisms in HRR genes with the risk and survival of BC. METHODS A case-control study was conducted with 1551 bc cases and 1605 age-matched healthy controls between October 2008 and March 2012 in the Guangzhou Breast Cancer Study (GZBCS), China, and the case population were followed up until 31 January 2016. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms of candidate genes in HRR system were genotyped. Odds ratios (ORs) and hazards ratios (HRs) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the risk and prognostic effect, respectively. RESULTS RFC1 rs6829064 (AA) was associated with an increased BC risk [OR = 1.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06-1.73] compared to the wild genotype (GG). NRM rs1075496 (GT/TT versus GG) was associated with a worse progression-free survival (PFS) and the HR was 1.34 (95% CI = 1.01-1.78), particularly among advanced patients. LIG3 rs1052536 (CT/TT versus CC) was associated with a better PFS and the HR was 0.70 (95% CI = 0.53-0.93). However, RAD54L rs1710286 and RPA1 rs11078676 were not observed to be associated with either the risk or survival of BC. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study suggest that the polymorphisms in HRR genes were associated with BC risk (RFC1 rs6829064) and prognosis (NRM rs1075496 and LIG3 rs1052536), whereas RAD54L rs1710286 and RPA1 rs11078676 had null associations with BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Huang Liao
- The School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Ting Ren
- The School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Zheng Zhang
- The School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Xi Su
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- The Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Ying Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Fang Ren
- The School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
NFBD1/MDC1 participates in the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2017; 20:534-541. [PMID: 28921460 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-017-1748-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of the study was to investigate the role of NFBD1 in the proliferation and apoptosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) cells. METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and qRT-PCR was employed to determine the expressions of NFBD1 protein and mRNA in LSCC tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues. After the downregulation of NFBD1 expression, the colony formation assay, MTS assay and apoptosis assay were used to investigate the changes in the proliferation and apoptosis of Hep2 cells. The mechanisms by which silencing NFBD1 promote apoptosis of Hep2 cells were examined by western blotting. Furthermore, xenograft models were used to evaluate the proliferation of Hep2 cells in vivo. RESULTS NFBD1 protein was upregulated in 55.6% of LSCC cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues (26.7%). NFBD1 knockdown in Hep2 cells significantly impacted proliferation and apoptosis, and silencing NFBD1 might promote apoptosis of Hep2 cells by activating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Xenograft models showed that silencing NFBD1 also significantly inhibited tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight that NFBD1 participates in the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis in LSCC, and suggest that NFBD1 could be a promising therapy target.
Collapse
|
19
|
Rudolph C, Melau C, Nielsen JE, Vile Jensen K, Liu D, Pena-Diaz J, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Rasmussen LJ, Jørgensen A. Involvement of the DNA mismatch repair system in cisplatin sensitivity of testicular germ cell tumours. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2017; 40:341-355. [PMID: 28536927 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCT) are highly sensitive to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, but patients with tumours containing differentiated teratoma components are less responsive to this treatment. The cisplatin sensitivity in TGCT has previously been linked to the embryonic phenotype in the majority of tumours, although the underlying mechanism largely remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system in the cisplatin sensitivity of TGCT. METHODS The expression pattern of key MMR proteins, including MSH2, MSH6, MLH1 and PMS2, were investigated during testis development and in the pathogenesis of TGCT, including germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS). The TGCT-derived cell line NTera2 was differentiated using retinoic acid (10 μM, 6 days) after which MMR protein expression and activity, as well as cisplatin sensitivity, were investigated in both undifferentiated and differentiated cells. Finally, the expression of MSH2 was knocked down by siRNA in NTera2 cells after which the effect on cisplatin sensitivity was examined. RESULTS MMR proteins were expressed in proliferating cells in the testes, while in malignant germ cells MMR protein expression was found to coincide with the expression of the pluripotency factor OCT4, with no or low expression in the more differentiated yolk sac tumours, choriocarcinomas and teratomas. In differentiated NTera2 cells we found a significantly (p < 0.05) lower expression of the MMR and pluripotency factors, as well as a reduced MMR activity and cisplatin sensitivity, compared to undifferentiated NTera2 cells. Also, we found that partial knockdown of MSH2 expression in undifferentiated NTera2 cells resulted in a significantly (p < 0.001) reduced cisplatin sensitivity. CONCLUSION This study reports, for the first time, expression of the MMR system in fetal gonocytes, from which GCNIS cells are derived. Our findings in primary TGCT specimens and TGCT-derived cells suggest that a reduced sensitivity to cisplatin in differentiated TGCT components could result from a reduced expression of MMR proteins, in particular MSH2 and MLH1, which are involved in the recognition of cisplatin adducts and in activation of the DNA damage response pathway to initiate apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Rudolph
- University Department of Growth and Reproduction (Rigshospitalet), Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Melau
- University Department of Growth and Reproduction (Rigshospitalet), Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John E Nielsen
- University Department of Growth and Reproduction (Rigshospitalet), Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristina Vile Jensen
- University Department of Growth and Reproduction (Rigshospitalet), Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dekang Liu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Javier Pena-Diaz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts
- University Department of Growth and Reproduction (Rigshospitalet), Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Juel Rasmussen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Jørgensen
- University Department of Growth and Reproduction (Rigshospitalet), Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li Z, Shao C, Kong Y, Carlock C, Ahmad N, Liu X. DNA Damage Response-Independent Role for MDC1 in Maintaining Genomic Stability. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:e00595-16. [PMID: 28193847 PMCID: PMC5394279 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00595-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MDC1 is a central player in checkpoint activation and subsequent DNA repair following DNA damage. Although MDC1 has been studied extensively, many of its known functions, to date, pertain to the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. Herein we report a novel function of phosphorylated MDC1 that is independent of ATM and DNA damage and is required for proper mitotic progression and maintenance of genomic stability. We demonstrate that MDC1 is an in vivo target of Plk1 and that phosphorylated MDC1 is dynamically localized to nuclear envelopes, centrosomes, kinetochores, and midbodies. Knockdown of MDC1 or abrogation of Plk1 phosphorylation of MDC1 causes a delay of the prometaphase-metaphase transition. It is significant that mice with reduced levels of MDC1 showed an elevated level of spontaneous tumors in aged animals. Our results demonstrate that MDC1 also plays a fundamentally significant role in maintenance of genomic stability through a DDR-independent pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Yifan Kong
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Colin Carlock
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang Z, Liao K, Zuo W, Liu X, Qiu Z, Gong Z, Liu C, Zeng Q, Qian Y, Jiang L, Bu Y, Hong S, Hu G. Depletion of NFBD1/MDC1 Induces Apoptosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells Through the p53-ROS-Mitochondrial Pathway. Oncol Res 2017; 25:123-136. [PMID: 28081741 PMCID: PMC7840771 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14732772150226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NFBD1, a signal amplifier of the p53 pathway, is vital for protecting cells from p53-mediated apoptosis and the early phase of DNA damage response under normal culture conditions. Here we investigated its expression in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and we describe the biological functions of the NFBD1 gene. We found that NFBD1 mRNA and protein were more highly expressed in NPC tissues than in nontumorous tissues. To investigate the function of NFBD1, we created NFBD1-depleted NPC cell lines that exhibited decreased cellular proliferation and colony formation, an increase in their rate of apoptosis, and an enhanced sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents compared with in vitro controls. However, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and downregulation of p53 expression could partially reverse the apoptosis caused by the loss of NFBD1. Further analysis showed that loss of NFBD1 resulted in increased production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) depending on p53, which subsequently triggered the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Using a xenograft model in nude mice, we showed that silencing NFBD1 also significantly inhibited tumor growth and led to apoptosis. Taken together, our data suggest that inhibition of NFBD1 in NPC could be therapeutically useful.
Collapse
|
22
|
Dave JH, Vora HH, Ghosh NR, Trivedi TI. Mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1 (MDC1) as a prognostic marker for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2017; 46:253-258. [PMID: 28161894 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1 (MDC1) is involved in the regulation of cell cycle checkpoints and recruitment of several repair proteins to the site of DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs). This study aimed to correlate the expression of MDC1 protein with clinicopathological parameters and to evaluate its prognostic significance in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS MDC1 protein expression was evaluated immunohistochemically from untreated 100 patients with OSCC using modified H-score method. The association of MDC1 immunostaining was evaluated with clinicopathological parameters and disease outcome using univariate and multivariate survival analysis for relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Incidence of nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of MDC1 protein was 85% & 92%, respectively. Strong nuclear MDC1 protein expression was found to be significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.032). For RFS, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that presence of metastatic lymph node (P = 0.001), lymphatic permeation (P = 0.020), and nuclear MDC1 (P = 0.005) remained significant risk predictors. In multivariate survival analysis, nuclear MDC1 (P = 0.027) entered at step 2 after presence of metastatic lymph node (P = 0.002) at step 1 for predicting reduced RFS. In relation to treatment, OSCC patients exhibiting weak expression of nuclear MDC1 protein were benefited significantly when treated with surgery followed by radiation therapy (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Thus, this study showed that MDC1 protein expression could be used as a prognostic marker in predicting relapse-free survival in patients with OSCC. OSCC patients expressing weak MDC1 protein could be benefited by adjuvant radiotherapy instead chemo-radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jigna Harshadbhai Dave
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Hemangini Hasit Vora
- Division of Immunohistochemistry & Flow cytometry, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Nandita Radhabinod Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Trupti Indravadan Trivedi
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu Z, Yanagisawa K, Griesing S, Iwai M, Kano K, Hotta N, Kajino T, Suzuki M, Takahashi T. TTF-1/NKX2-1 binds to DDB1 and confers replication stress resistance to lung adenocarcinomas. Oncogene 2017; 36:3740-3748. [PMID: 28192407 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
TTF-1, also known as NKX2-1, is a transcription factor that has indispensable roles in both lung development and physiology. We and others have reported that TTF-1 frequently exhibits high expression with increased copy number in lung adenocarcinomas, and also has a role as a lineage-survival oncogene through transcriptional activation of crucial target genes including ROR1 and LMO3. In the present study, we employed a global proteomic search for proteins that interact with TTF-1 in order to provide a more comprehensive picture of this still enigmatic lineage-survival oncogene. Our results unexpectedly revealed a function independent of its transcriptional activity, as TTF-1 was found to interact with DDB1 and block its binding to CHK1, which in turn attenuated ubiquitylation and subsequent degradation of CHK1. Furthermore, TTF-1 overexpression conferred resistance to cellular conditions under DNA replication stress (RS) and prevented an increase in consequential DNA double-strand breaks, as reflected by attenuated induction of pCHK2 and γH2AX. Our findings suggest that the novel non-transcriptional function of TTF-1 identified in this study may contribute to lung adenocarcinoma development by conferring tolerance to DNA RS, which is known to be inherently elicited by activation of various oncogenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Liu
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - K Yanagisawa
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - S Griesing
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Iwai
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - K Kano
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - N Hotta
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - T Kajino
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yao J, Huang A, Zheng X, Liu T, Lin Z, Zhang S, Yang Q, Zhang T, Ma H. 53BP1 loss induces chemoresistance of colorectal cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil by inhibiting the ATM-CHK2-P53 pathway. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 143:419-431. [PMID: 27838786 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Loss of P53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) is considered a poor prognostic factor for colorectal cancer. However, its effect on chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) remains elusive. This study aimed to examine the association of 53BP1 expression with chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to 5-FU. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed on 30 metastatic colorectal cancer samples to assess the associations of 53BP1 levels with clinical therapeutic effects. In vitro, IC50 values for 5-FU and 53BP1 levels were determined by MTT assay and Western blot in 5 colorectal cancer cell lines. Then, 53BP1 was silenced in HCT116 and HT29 cells, and cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were evaluated. Relative protein levels of ATM-CHK2-P53 pathway effectors and Bcl-2 family members were measured by Western blot. Finally, the effects of 53BP1 knockdown on tumor growth and 5-FU chemoresistance were investigated in vivo. RESULTS 53BP1 expression was closely related to time to progression (TTP) after first-line chemotherapy. Namely, 53BP1 downregulation resulted in reduced TTP. In addition, 53BP1 silencing increased proliferation, inhibited apoptosis and induced S phase arrest in HCT116 and HT29 cells after 5-FU treatment. Moreover, 53BP1 knockdown also reduced the protein levels of ATM-CHK2-P53 apoptotic pathway effectors, caspase9 and caspase3, while increasing Bcl-2 expression. In vivo, 53BP1 silencing accelerated tumor proliferation in nude mice and enhanced resistance to 5-FU. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirmed that 53BP1 loss might be a negative factor for chemotherapy efficacy, promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis by suppressing ATM-CHK2-P53 signaling, and finally inducing 5-FU resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Ai Huang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Xiumei Zheng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenyu Lin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shih YL, Chou J, Yeh MY, Chou HM, Chou HC, Lu HF, Shang HS, Chueh FS, Chu YL, Hsueh SC, Chung JG. Casticin induces DNA damage and inhibits DNA repair-associated protein expression in B16F10 mouse melanoma cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2094-100. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
26
|
Xiao Y, Zheng X, Huang A, Liu T, Zhang T, Ma H. Deficiency of 53BP1 inhibits the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1600-8. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
27
|
Yue H, Zhu J, Xie S, Li F, Xu Q. MDC1-AS, an antisense long noncoding RNA, regulates cell proliferation of glioma. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 81:203-209. [PMID: 27261595 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as new modulators in cancer origination and progression. A lncRNA, mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1antisense RNA (MDC1-AS), with unknown function, is the antisense transcript of tumor suppressor MDC1. METHOD In this study, we investigated the expression pattern and functional role of lncRNA MDC1-AS in glioma by using real time PCR and gain-/loss-of-function studies. RESULT The results showed that the expression levels of lncRNA MDC1-AS and MDC1 were significantly downregulated in glioma tissues compared with normal brain tissues, and in glioma cell lines U87MG, U251 and HEB. Overexpression of MDC1-AS resulted in significant inhibition of cell proliferation and cell cycle in U87MG and U251. We also found that MDC1-AS expression was positively correlated with MDC1 expression. In addition, the inhibitory role of MDC1-AS was remarkably diminished when MDC1 was knockdown. CONCLUSION Together, the results suggest that MDC1-AS is a novel tumor suppressor through up-regulation of its antisense tumor-suppressing gene MDC1 in glioma and leads us to propose that MDC1-AS may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ji'nan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Ji'nan 250013, PR China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ji'nan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Ji'nan 250013, PR China
| | - Shugang Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghe County People's Hospital, Ji'nan 251600, PR China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Nursing Department, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Ji'nan 250117, PR China
| | - Qun Xu
- Nursing Department, Ji'nan Vocational College of Nursing, Ji'nan 250102, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Utilizing yeast chemogenomic profiles for the prediction of pharmacogenomic associations in humans. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23703. [PMID: 27025271 PMCID: PMC4812343 DOI: 10.1038/srep23703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis underlying individual responses to drug treatment is a fundamental task with implications to drug development and administration. Pharmacogenomics is the study of the genes that affect drug response. The study of pharmacogenomic associations between a drug and a gene that influences the interindividual drug response, which is only beginning, holds much promise and potential. Although relatively few pharmacogenomic associations between drugs and specific genes were mapped in humans, large systematic screens have been carried out in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, motivating the constructing of a projection method. We devised a novel approach for the prediction of pharmacogenomic associations in humans using genome-scale chemogenomic data from yeast. We validated our method using both cross-validation and comparison to known drug-gene associations extracted from multiple data sources, attaining high AUC scores. We show that our method outperforms a previous technique, as well as a similar method based on known human associations. Last, we analyze the predictions and demonstrate their biological relevance to understanding drug response.
Collapse
|
29
|
Kurfurstova D, Bartkova J, Vrtel R, Mickova A, Burdova A, Majera D, Mistrik M, Kral M, Santer FR, Bouchal J, Bartek J. DNA damage signalling barrier, oxidative stress and treatment-relevant DNA repair factor alterations during progression of human prostate cancer. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:879-94. [PMID: 26987799 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage checkpoints provide an anti-cancer barrier in diverse tumour types, however this concept has remained unexplored in prostate cancer (CaP). Furthermore, targeting DNA repair defects by PARP1 inhibitors (PARPi) as a cancer treatment strategy is emerging yet requires suitable predictive biomarkers. To address these issues, we performed immunohistochemical analysis of multiple markers of DNA damage signalling, oxidative stress, DNA repair and cell cycle control pathways during progression of human prostate disease from benign hyperplasia, through intraepithelial neoplasia to CaP, complemented by genetic analyses of TMPRSS2-ERG rearrangement and NQO1, an anti-oxidant factor and p53 protector. The DNA damage checkpoint barrier (γH2AX, pATM, p53) mechanism was activated during CaP tumorigenesis, albeit less and with delayed culmination compared to other cancers, possibly reflecting lower replication stress (slow proliferation despite cases of Rb loss and cyclin D1 overexpression) and progressive loss of ATM activator NKX3.1. Oxidative stress (8-oxoguanine lesions) and NQO1 increased during disease progression. NQO1 genotypes of 390 men did not indicate predisposition to CaP, yet loss of NQO1 in CaP suggested potential progression-opposing tumour suppressor role. TMPRSS2-ERG rearrangement and PTEN loss, events sensitizing to PARPi, occurred frequently along with heterogeneous loss of DNA repair factors 53BP1, JMJD1C and Rev7 (all studied here for the first time in CaP) whose defects may cause resistance to PARPi. Overall, our results reveal an unorthodox DNA damage checkpoint barrier scenario in CaP tumorigenesis, and provide novel insights into oxidative stress and DNA repair, with implications for biomarker guidance of future targeted therapy of CaP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kurfurstova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jirina Bartkova
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Radek Vrtel
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Mickova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Burdova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dusana Majera
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Mistrik
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kral
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Frederic R Santer
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jan Bouchal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xue Y, Ma G, Zhang Z, Hua Q, Chu H, Tong N, Yuan L, Qin C, Yin C, Zhang Z, Wang M. A novel antisense long noncoding RNA regulates the expression of MDC1 in bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:484-93. [PMID: 25514464 PMCID: PMC4381609 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antisense long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in regulating the expression of coding genes in post-transcriptional level. However, detailed expression profile of lncRNAs and functions of antisense lncRNAs in bladder cancer remains unclear. To investigate regulation of lncRNAs in bladder cancer and demonstrate their functions, we performed lncRNAs microarray analysis in 3 paired bladder cancer tissues. Further molecular assays were conducted to determine the potential role of identified antisense lncRNA MDC1-AS. As a result, a series of lncRNAs were differentially expressed in bladder cancer tissues in microarray screen. In a larger size of samples validation, we found that the expression levels of MDC1-AS and MDC1 was down-regulated in bladder cancer. After over-expression of MDC1-AS, increased levels of MDC1 were observed in bladder cancer cells. We also found a remarkably inhibitory role of antisense lncRNA MDC1-AS on malignant cell behaviors in bladder cancer cells EJ and T24. Subsequently, knockdown of MDC1 revealed that suppressing role of MDC1-AS was attributed to up-regulation of MDC1. In summary, we have identified a novel antisense lncRNA MDC1-AS, which may participate in bladder cancer through up-regulation of its antisense tumor-suppressing gene MDC1. Further studies should be conducted to demonstrate detailed mechanism of our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xue
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gaoxiang Ma
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhensheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuhan Hua
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Tong
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changjun Yin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Homology-dependent exchange of genetic information between DNA molecules has a profound impact on the maintenance of genome integrity by facilitating error-free DNA repair, replication, and chromosome segregation during cell division as well as programmed cell developmental events. This chapter will focus on homologous mitotic recombination in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, there is an important link between mitotic and meiotic recombination (covered in the forthcoming chapter by Hunter et al. 2015) and many of the functions are evolutionarily conserved. Here we will discuss several models that have been proposed to explain the mechanism of mitotic recombination, the genes and proteins involved in various pathways, the genetic and physical assays used to discover and study these genes, and the roles of many of these proteins inside the cell.
Collapse
|
32
|
Zou R, Zhong X, Wang C, Sun H, Wang S, Lin L, Sun S, Tong C, Luo H, Gao P, Li Y, Zhou T, Li D, Cao L, Zhao Y. MDC1 Enhances Estrogen Receptor-mediated Transactivation and Contributes to Breast Cancer Suppression. Int J Biol Sci 2015. [PMID: 26221067 PMCID: PMC4515811 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.10918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is a key transcriptional factor in the proliferation and differentiation in mammary epithelia and has been determined to be an important predictor of breast cancer prognosis and therapeutic target. Meanwhile, diverse transcriptional co-regulators of ERα play crucial and complicated roles in breast cancer progression. Mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1) has been identified as a critical upstream mediator in the cellular response to DNA damage, however, some non-DNA damage responsive functions of MDC1 haven't been fully defined. In this study, we have identified MDC1 as a co-activator of ERα in breast cancer cells and demonstrated that MDC1 associates with ERα. MDC1 was also recruited to estrogen response element (ERE) of ERα target gene. Knockdown of MDC1 reduced the transcription of the endogenous ERα target genes, including p21. MDC1 depletion led to the promotion of breast cancer progression, and the expression of MDC1 is lower in breast cancer. Taken together, these results suggested that MDC1 was involved in the enhancement of ERα-mediated transactivation in breast cancer cells. This positive regulation by MDC1 might contribute to the suppression of breast cancer progression by acting as a barrier of positive to negative ERα function transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renlong Zou
- 1. Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Xinping Zhong
- 2. Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- 1. Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Hongmiao Sun
- 1. Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Shengli Wang
- 1. Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Lin Lin
- 1. Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Shiying Sun
- 1. Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Changci Tong
- 1. Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Hao Luo
- 1. Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Peng Gao
- 1. Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Yanshu Li
- 1. Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- 1. Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Da Li
- 3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110003, China
| | - Liu Cao
- 1. Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- 1. Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gou Q, Xie Y, Liu L, Xie K, Wu Y, Wang Q, Wang Z, Li P. Downregulation of MDC1 and 53BP1 by short hairpin RNA enhances radiosensitivity in laryngeal carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:251-7. [PMID: 25976740 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by ionizing radiation (IR) are among the most cytotoxic types of DNA damage. The DNA damage response (DDR) may be a reason for the cancer cell resistance to radiotherapy using IR. Identified as critical upstream mediators of the phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) pathway, mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1) and p53-binding proteins 1 (53BP1) may affect the radiosensitivity of tumor cells. In the present study, we generated two HEP-2 cell lines with a stable knockdown of MDC1 or 53BP1 with short hairpin RNA (shRNA), respectively, and investigated the effect of MDC1 and 53BP1 on cell radiosensitivity, cell cycle distribution and the formation of cell foci. Downregulation of the two proteins reduced the number of clonogenic cells that treated with IR. Accumulation of G2/M phase cells was detected after the MDC1 and 53BP1 downregulation. These results indicated that the expression of MDC1 or 53BP1 limited tumor cell sensitivity to radiotherapy and may play an important role in the DNA repair progression. Furthermore, the MDC1 foci was identified and presented in the 53BP1-inhibited cells. By contrast, the 53BP1 foci was absent from the MDC1-inhibited cells. The results confirmed that the recruitment of 53BP1 into the foci occurred in an MDC1-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiheng Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Xie
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Keqi Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lee JH, Park SJ, Jeong SY, Kim MJ, Jun S, Lee HS, Chang IY, Lim SC, Yoon SP, Yong J, You HJ. MicroRNA-22 Suppresses DNA Repair and Promotes Genomic Instability through Targeting of MDC1. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1298-310. [PMID: 25627978 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MDC1 is critical component of the DNA damage response (DDR) machinery and orchestrates the ensuring assembly of the DDR protein at the DNA damage sites, and therefore loss of MDC1 results in genomic instability and tumorigenicity. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling MDC1 expression are currently unknown. Here, we show that miR-22 inhibits MDC1 translation via direct binding to its 3' untranslated region, leading to impaired DNA damage repair and genomic instability. We demonstrated that activated Akt1 and senescence hinder DDR function of MDC1 by upregulating endogenous miR-22. After overexpression of constitutively active Akt1, homologous recombination was inhibited by miR-22-mediated MDC1 repression. In addition, during replicative senescence and stress-induced premature senescence, MDC1 was downregulated by upregulating miR-22 and thereby accumulating DNA damage. Our results demonstrate a central role of miR-22 in the physiologic regulation of MDC1-dependent DDR and suggest a molecular mechanism for how aberrant Akt1 activation and senescence lead to increased genomic instability, fostering an environment that promotes tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hee Lee
- DNA Damage Response Network Center, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seon-Joo Park
- DNA Damage Response Network Center, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. Division of Natural Medical Sciences, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Yeon Jeong
- DNA Damage Response Network Center, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- DNA Damage Response Network Center, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Semo Jun
- DNA Damage Response Network Center, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. Department of Pharmacology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seo Lee
- DNA Damage Response Network Center, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Youb Chang
- DNA Damage Response Network Center, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. Department of Anatomy, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Pil Yoon
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsik Yong
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Ho Jin You
- DNA Damage Response Network Center, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. Department of Pharmacology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
MDC1 promotes ovarian cancer metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4261-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
36
|
Wang B, Zhang L, Qiu F, Fang W, Deng J, Zhou Y, Lu J, Yang L. A Newfound association between MDC1 functional polymorphism and lung cancer risk in Chinese. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106794. [PMID: 25198518 PMCID: PMC4157800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1 (MDC1) plays an early and core role in Double-Strand Break Repair (DDR) and ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) mediated response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and thus involves the pathogenesis of several DNA damage-related diseases such as cancer. We hypothesized that the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MDC1 which have potencies on affecting MDC1 expression or function were associated with risk of lung cancer. In a two-stage case-control study, we tested the association between 5 putatively functional SNPs of MDC1 and lung cancer risk in a southern Chinese population, and validated the promising association in an eastern Chinese population. We found the SNP rs4713354A>C that is located in the 5′-untranslated region of MDC1 was significantly associated with lung cancer risk in both populations (P = 0.001), with an odds ratio as 1.33(95% confidence interval = 1.14–1.55) for the rs4713354C (CA+CC) genotypes compared to the rs4713354AA genotype. The correct sixth sentence is: The gene-based analysis rested with these SNPs suggested the MDC1 as a susceptible gene for lung cancer (P = 0.057) [corrected]. Moreover, by querying the gene expression database, we further found that the rs4713354C genotypes confer a significantly lower mRNA expression of MDC1 than the rs4713354AA genotype in 260 cases of lymphoblastoid cells (P = 0.002). Our data suggested that the SNP rs4713354A>C of MDC1 may be a functional genetic biomarker for susceptibility to lung cancer in Chinese.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuman Qiu
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxiang Fang
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieqiong Deng
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiachun Lu
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Vikrant, Kumar R, Siddiqui Q, Singh N, Waghmare SK, Varma AK. Mislocalization of BRCA1-complex due to ABRAXAS Arg361Gln mutation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2014; 33:1291-301. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.945484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
38
|
Bartkova J, Hoei-Hansen CE, Krizova K, Hamerlik P, Skakkebæk NE, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Bartek J. Patterns of DNA damage response in intracranial germ cell tumors versus glioblastomas reflect cell of origin rather than brain environment: implications for the anti-tumor barrier concept and treatment. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:1667-78. [PMID: 25066726 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) machinery becomes commonly activated in response to oncogenes and during early stages of development of solid malignancies, with an exception of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). The active DDR signaling evokes cell death or senescence but this anti-tumor barrier can be breached by defects in DDR factors, such as the ATM-Chk2-p53 pathway, thereby allowing tumor progression. The DDR barrier is strongly activated in brain tumors, particularly gliomas, due to oxidative damage and replication stress. Here, we took advantage of rare human primary intracranial germ cell tumors (PIGCTs), to address the roles of cell-intrinsic factors including cell of origin, versus local tissue environment, in the constitutive DDR activation in vivo. Immunohistochemical analysis of 7 biomarkers on a series of 21 PIGCTs (germinomas and other subtypes), 20 normal brain specimens and 20 glioblastomas, revealed the following: i) The overall DDR signaling (γH2AX) and activation of the ATM-Chk2-p53 pathway were very low among the PIGCTs, reminiscent of TGCTs, and contrasting sharply with strong DDR activation in glioblastomas; ii) Except for one case of embryonal carcinoma, there were no clear aberrations in the ATM-Chk2-p53 pathway components among the PIGCT cohort; iii) Subsets of PIGCTs showed unusual cytosolic localization of Chk2 and/or ATM. Collectively, these results show that PIGCTs mimic the DDR activation patterns of their gonadal germ cell tumor counterparts, rather than the brain tumors with which they share the tissue environment. Hence cell-intrinsic factors and cell of origin dictate the extent of DDR barrier activation and also the ensuing pressure to select for DDR defects. Our data provide conceptually important insights into the role of DNA damage checkpoints in intracranial tumorigenesis, with implications for the differential biological responses of diverse tumor types to endogenous stress as well as to genotoxic treatments such as ionizing radiation or chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina E Hoei-Hansen
- University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pediatrics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katerina Krizova
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Hamerlik
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels E Skakkebæk
- University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts
- University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ye Q, Chen L, Yin X, Liu YJC, Ji Q, Zhao E. Development of serous ovarian cancer is associated with the expression of homologous recombination pathway proteins. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 20:931-8. [PMID: 24752797 PMCID: PMC4177045 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the expressions of key markers in the homologous recombination (HR) pathway and the correlation with clinicopathological parameters in serous ovarian cancer (SOC). We analyzed the protein expression of MRE11, MDC1, ATM, ATR and BRCA1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 97 SOC samples, and correlated with clinical parameters including age, tumor grades, clinical stage, status of menstruation and chemotherapy. Low expression of MRE11 and MDC1 was detected in 14.4 % and 3.1 % of the patient samples, and negative expression of ATM, ATR and BRCA1 was found in 11.3 %, 6.3 % and 29.9 % of the patient samples, respectively. ATR deficiency was significantly associated with menopause (P = 0.025), strong expression of ATM (P = 0.017) and MRE11 (P = 0.040) with pre-menopausal SOC, strong expression of MRE11 (P = 0.016) with low tumor grade, and strong expression of BRCA1 (P = 0.015) with early clinical stage. In addition, low expression of MRE11 was strongly associated with negativity of ATR (P < 0.001) and BRCA1 (P = 0.004) Furthermore, ATR deficiency was associated with low expression of ATM (P = 0.028) and loss expression of BRCA1 (P = 0.009). Our results suggest that reduced expression or loss of proteins in HR pathway is associated with SOC development. Abnormality of MRE11 and BRCA1 are strongly associated with late clinical stage in SOC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Ye
- Innovation Center China, AstraZeneca Global R&D, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Huang CH, Wu MY, Chang PMH, Huang CY, Ng KL. In silico identification of potential targets and drugs for non-small cell lung cancer. IET Syst Biol 2014; 8:56-66. [PMID: 25014226 PMCID: PMC8687210 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2013.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death in both the USA and Taiwan, and it is thought that the cause of cancer could be because of the gain of function of an oncoprotein or the loss of function of a tumour suppressor protein. Consequently, these proteins are potential targets for drugs. In this study, differentially expressed genes are identified, via an expression dataset generated from lung adenocarcinoma tumour and adjacent non-tumour tissues. This study has integrated many complementary resources, that is, microarray, protein-protein interaction and protein complex. After constructing the lung cancer protein-protein interaction network (PPIN), the authors performed graph theory analysis of PPIN. Highly dense modules are identified, which are potential cancer-associated protein complexes. Up- and down-regulated communities were used as queries to perform functional enrichment analysis. Enriched biological processes and pathways are determined. These sets of up- and down-regulated genes were submitted to the Connectivity Map web resource to identify potential drugs. The authors' findings suggested that eight drugs from DrugBank and three drugs from NCBI can potentially reverse certain up- and down-regulated genes' expression. In conclusion, this study provides a systematic strategy to discover potential drugs and target genes for lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hung Huang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Formosa University, 64, Wen-Hwa Road, Hu-wei 632, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Min-You Wu
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Formosa University, 64, Wen-Hwa Road, Hu-wei 632, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Peter Mu-Hsin Chang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ka-Lok Ng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nguyen TA, Menendez D, Resnick MA, Anderson CW. Mutant TP53 posttranslational modifications: challenges and opportunities. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:738-55. [PMID: 24395704 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The wild-type (WT) human p53 (TP53) tumor suppressor can be posttranslationally modified at over 60 of its 393 residues. These modifications contribute to changes in TP53 stability and in its activity as a transcription factor in response to a wide variety of intrinsic and extrinsic stresses in part through regulation of protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. The TP53 gene frequently is mutated in cancers, and in contrast to most other tumor suppressors, the mutations are mostly missense often resulting in the accumulation of mutant (MUT) protein, which may have novel or altered functions. Most MUT TP53s can be posttranslationally modified at the same residues as in WT TP53. Strikingly, however, codons for modified residues are rarely mutated in human tumors, suggesting that TP53 modifications are not essential for tumor suppression activity. Nevertheless, these modifications might alter MUT TP53 activity and contribute to a gain-of-function leading to increased metastasis and tumor progression. Furthermore, many of the signal transduction pathways that result in TP53 modifications are altered or disrupted in cancers. Understanding the signaling pathways that result in TP53 modification and the functions of these modifications in both WT TP53 and its many MUT forms may contribute to more effective cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thuy-Ai Nguyen
- Chromosome Stability Section, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Curtin NJ. Inhibiting the DNA damage response as a therapeutic manoeuvre in cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:1745-65. [PMID: 23682925 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The DNA damage response (DDR), consisting of an orchestrated network of proteins effecting repair and signalling to cell cycle arrest, to allow time to repair, is essential for cell viability and to prevent DNA damage being passed on to daughter cells. The DDR is dysregulated in cancer with some pathways up-regulated and others down-regulated or lost. Up-regulated pathways can confer resistance to anti-cancer DNA damaging agents. Therefore, inhibitors of key components of these pathways have the potential to prevent this therapeutic resistance. Conversely, defects in a particular DDR pathway may lead to dependence on a complementary pathway. Inhibition of this complementary pathway may result in tumour-specific cell killing. Thus, inhibitors of the DDR have the potential to increase the efficacy of DNA damaging chemotherapy and radiotherapy and have single-agent activity against tumours with a specific DDR defect. This review describes the compounds that have been designed to inhibit specific DDR targets and summarizes the pre-clinical and clinical evaluation of these inhibitors of DNA damage signalling and repair. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Emerging Therapeutic Aspects in Oncology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2013.169.issue-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N J Curtin
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ando K, Ozaki T, Hirota T, Nakagawara A. NFBD1/MDC1 is phosphorylated by PLK1 and controls G2/M transition through the regulation of a TOPOIIα-mediated decatenation checkpoint. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82744. [PMID: 24349352 PMCID: PMC3859618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it has been established that nuclear factor with BRCT domain 1/ mediator of the DNA damage checkpoint protein 1 (NFBD1/MDC1) is closely involved in DNA damage response, its possible contribution to the regulation of cell- cycle progression is unclear. In the present study, we have found for the first time that NFBD1 is phosphorylated by polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and has an important role in G2/M transition. Both NFBD1 and PLK1 are co-expressed in cellular nuclei throughout G2/M transition, and binding assays demonstrated direct interaction between NFBD1 and PLK1. Indeed, in vitro kinase reactions revealed that the PST domain of NFBD1 contains a potential amino acid sequence (845-DVTGEE-850) targeted by PLK1. Furthermore, enforced expression of GFP-PST but not GFP-PST(T847A) where threonine at 847 was substituted by alanine inhibited the phosphorylation levels of histone H3, suggesting a defect of M phase entry. Because PLK1 has been implicated in promoting the G2/M transition, we reasoned that overexpressed PST might serve as a pseudosubstrate for PLK1 and thus interfere with phosphorylation of endogenous PLK1 substrates. Interestingly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of NFBD1 resulted in early M phase entry and accelerated M phase progression, raising the possibility that NFBD1 is a PLK1 substrate for regulating the G2/M transition. Moreover, the constitutive active form of PLK1(T210D) overcame the ICRF-193-induced decatenation checkpoint and inhibited the interaction between NFBD1 and topoisomerase IIα, but kinase-deficient PLK1 did not. Based on these observations, we propose that PLK1-mediated phosphorylation of NFBD1 is involved in the regulation of G2/M transition by recovering a decatenation checkpoint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiro Ando
- Division of Biochemistry and Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Clinical Oncology Research, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshinori Ozaki
- Laboratory of Anti-tumor Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toru Hirota
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Nakagawara
- Division of Biochemistry and Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Staibano S, Ilardi G, Leone V, Luise C, Merolla F, Esposito F, Morra F, Siano M, Franco R, Fusco A, Chieffi P, Celetti A. Critical role of CCDC6 in the neoplastic growth of testicular germ cell tumors. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:433. [PMID: 24059746 PMCID: PMC3849521 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA damage response has been clearly described as an anti-cancer barrier in early human tumorigenesis. Moreover, interestingly, testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) have been reported to lack the DNA Damage Response (DDR) pathway activation. CCDC6 is a pro-apoptotic phosphoprotein substrate of the kinase ataxia telangectasia mutated (ATM) able to sustain DNA damage checkpoint in response to genotoxic stress and is commonly rearranged in malignancies upon fusion with different partners. In our study we sought to determine whether CCDC6 could have a role in the patho-genesis of testicular germ cell tumors. Methods To achieve this aim, analysis for CCDC6 expression has been evaluated on serial sections of the mouse testis by immunohistochemistry and on separate populations of murine testicular cells by western blot. Next, the resistance to DNA damage-induced apoptosis and the production of reactive oxygen species has been investigated in GC1 cells, derived from immortalized type B murine germ cells, following CCDC6 silencing. Finally, the CCDC6 expression in normal human testicular cells, in Intratubular Germ Cell Neoplasia Unclassified (IGCNU), in a large series of male germ cell tumours and in the unique human seminoma TCam2 cell line has been evaluated by immunohistochemistry and by Western Blot analyses. Results The analysis of the CCDC6 expression revealed its presence in Sertoli cells and in spermatogonial cells. CCDC6 loss was the most consistent feature among the primary tumours and TCam2 cells. Interestingly, following treatment with low doses of H2O2, the silencing of CCDC6 in GC1 cells caused a decrease in the oxidized form of cytochrome c and low detection of Bad, PARP-1 and Caspase 3 proteins. Moreover, in the silenced cells, upon oxidative damage, the cell viability was protected, the γH2AX activation was impaired and the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) release was decreased. Conclusions Therefore, our results suggest that the loss of CCDC6 could aid the spermatogonial cells to be part of a pro-survival pathway that helps to evade the toxic effects of endogenous oxidants and contributes to testicular neoplastic growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Staibano
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, CNRz, via S Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Li X, Kong X, Wang Y, Yang Q. 53BP1 is a novel regulator of angiogenesis in breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:1420-6. [PMID: 23910218 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we found that 53BP1 was a tumor suppressor and was associated with prognosis in breast cancer. However, little is known about its role in angiogenesis. In the present study, we aimed to reveal the role of 53BP1 in angiogenesis of breast cancer. With RNA interference and ectopic expression strategies to elucidate the detailed function of 53BP1 in angiogenesis, we observed that ectopic expression of 53BP1 inhibited cellular angiogenesis and 53BP1 RNA interference led to an increase in angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. In clinical breast cancer samples, 53BP1 was inversely correlated with CD31, MMP-2 and MMP-9 by immunohistochemistry analysis. Furthermore, we showed that the Akt pathway was involved in the antiangiogenesis function of 53BP1. Overall, our findings demonstrate that 53BP1 plays a vital role in inhibiting angiogenesis. These findings suggest that 53BP1 might provide a viable target therapy for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Xu R, Sen N, Paul BD, Snowman AM, Rao F, Vandiver MS, Xu J, Snyder SH. Inositol polyphosphate multikinase is a coactivator of p53-mediated transcription and cell death. Sci Signal 2013; 6:ra22. [PMID: 23550211 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a critical stress response transcription factor that induces the expression of genes leading to cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and tumor suppression. We found that mammalian inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK) stimulated p53-mediated transcription by binding to p53 and enhancing its acetylation by the acetyltransferase p300 independently of its inositol phosphate and lipid kinase activities. Genetic or RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of IPMK resulted in decreased activation of p53, decreased recruitment of p53 and p300 to target gene promoters, abrogated transcription of p53 target genes, and enhanced cell viability. Additionally, blocking the IPMK-p53 interaction decreased the extent of p53-mediated transcription. These results suggest that IPMK acts as a transcriptional coactivator for p53 and that it is an integral part of the p53 transcriptional complex facilitating cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Risheng Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang ZZ, Liu YJC, Yin XL, Zhan P, Gu Y, Ni XZ. Loss of BRCA1 expression leads to worse survival in patients with gastric carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:1968-1974. [PMID: 23569343 PMCID: PMC3613113 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i12.1968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression deficiency of key molecular markers in the homologous recombination pathway.
METHODS: Expression loss of breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1), ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), ATM-Rad3-related (ATR), mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1 (MDC1) and meiotic recombination 11 (Mre11) were correlated with their clinicopathological parameters in gastric cancer (GC). One hundred and twenty treatment-naive GC samples were formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded into tissue blocks. Two representative cores from each block were extracted and constructed into tissue microarrays. Expression levels of BRCA1, ATM, ATR, MDC1 and Mre11 were determined using immunohistochemical analysis, and correlated with clinical parameters, including age, gender, Lauren subtype, tumor grades, clinical stage and overall survival.
RESULTS: Expression loss of BRCA1, ATM, ATR, MDC1, and Mre11 was found in 21.4%, 20.2%, 21.0%, 11.1% and 4.6%, respectively, of interpretable cases. BRCA1 loss was significantly associated with patients of diffused subtype (intestinal vs diffused, 8.2% vs 31.7%, P = 0.001), higher tumor grade (I/II vs III, 10.7% vs 20.5; I/II vs IV, 10.7% vs 54.5%, P = 0.047) and advanced clinical stage (I/II vs III, 12.9% vs 16.9%; I/II vs IV, 12.9% vs 45.5%, P = 0.006). MDC1 loss was significantly associated with patients of diffused subtype (intestinal vs diffused, 0% vs 19.7%, P = 0.001) and higher tumor grade (I/II vs III, 0% vs 12%; I/II vs IV, 0% vs 30.8%, P = 0.012). In addition, the survival time of the patients with expression loss of BRCA1 was significantly shorter than those with positive expression of BRCA1 (2-year survival rate, 32.4% vs 62.8%, P = 0.015). No correlations were found between clinicopathological parameters and expression loss of ATM, ATR and Mre11.
CONCLUSION: Our results support the hypothesis that homologous recombination deficiency plays an important role in the progression of gastric carcinoma. Loss of expression of BRCA1 and MDC1 may serve as predictive factors in tumor development or progression in GC patients.
Collapse
|
48
|
Khandanpour C, Phelan JD, Vassen L, Schütte J, Chen R, Horman SR, Gaudreau MC, Krongold J, Zhu J, Paul WE, Dührsen U, Göttgens B, Grimes HL, Möröy T. Growth factor independence 1 antagonizes a p53-induced DNA damage response pathway in lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Cell 2013; 23:200-14. [PMID: 23410974 PMCID: PMC3597385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Most patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) fail current treatments highlighting the need for better therapies. Because oncogenic signaling activates a p53-dependent DNA damage response and apoptosis, leukemic cells must devise appropriate countermeasures. We show here that growth factor independence 1 (Gfi1) can serve such a function because Gfi1 ablation exacerbates p53 responses and lowers the threshold for p53-induced cell death. Specifically, Gfi1 restricts p53 activity and expression of proapoptotic p53 targets such as Bax, Noxa (Pmaip1), and Puma (Bbc3). Subsequently, Gfi1 ablation cures mice from leukemia and limits the expansion of primary human T-ALL xenografts in mice. This suggests that targeting Gfi1 could improve the prognosis of patients with T-ALL or other lymphoid leukemias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Khandanpour
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal IRCM, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - James D. Phelan
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229 USA
| | - Lothar Vassen
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal IRCM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Judith Schütte
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research & Wellcome Trust – Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Riyan Chen
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal IRCM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Shane R. Horman
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229 USA
| | - Marie-Claude Gaudreau
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal IRCM, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2W1R7 Canada
| | - Joseph Krongold
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal IRCM, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3 Canada
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20829 USA
| | - William E. Paul
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20829 USA
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Bertie Göttgens
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research & Wellcome Trust – Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - H. Leighton Grimes
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229 USA
- Division of Experimental Hematology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229 USA
- Correspondence to TM () and HLG ()
| | - Tarik Möröy
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal IRCM, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2W1R7 Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3 Canada
- Correspondence to TM () and HLG ()
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Marshall AL, Christiani DC. Genetic susceptibility to lung cancer--light at the end of the tunnel? Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:487-502. [PMID: 23349013 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common and deadliest cancers in the world. The major socio-environmental risk factor involved in the development of lung cancer is cigarette smoking. Additionally, there are multiple genetic factors, which may also play a role in lung cancer risk. Early work focused on the presence of relatively prevalent but low-penetrance alterations in candidate genes leading to increased risk of lung cancer. Development of new technologies such as genomic profiling and genome-wide association studies has been helpful in the detection of new genetic variants likely involved in lung cancer risk. In this review, we discuss the role of multiple genetic variants and review their putative role in the risk of lung cancer. Identifying genetic biomarkers and patterns of genetic risk may be useful in the earlier detection and treatment of lung cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariela L Marshall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Pennington KP, Wickramanayake A, Norquist BM, Pennil CC, Garcia RL, Agnew KJ, Taniguchi T, Welcsh P, Swisher EM. 53BP1 expression in sporadic and inherited ovarian carcinoma: Relationship to genetic status and clinical outcomes. Gynecol Oncol 2012; 128:493-9. [PMID: 23246380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 53BP1, a critical mediator of the DNA damage response, functions by regulating the balance between homologous recombination (HR) and the more error-prone non-homologous endjoining (NHEJ). Deletion of 53BP1 in brca1 (but not brca2) null cells partially restores HR and reverses sensitivity to poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). We characterized 53BP1 and BRCA1 expression and their association with clinical outcomes in sporadic and inherited ovarian carcinomas. METHODS We evaluated 53BP1 and BRCA1 protein expression using immunohistochemistry in 248 ovarian carcinomas and mRNA expression in 89 cases with quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. All subjects were comprehensively characterized for germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. RESULTS BRCA1-mutated (but not BRCA2-mutated) ovarian carcinomas had significantly higher 53BP1 protein expression than wildtype carcinomas. 53BP1 message levels were significantly associated with BRCA1 message levels in wildtype and BRCA1-mutated but not BRCA2-mutated carcinomas. In wildtype carcinomas, lower 53BP1 message predicted improved survival (p=0.02, median survival 74 vs. 41months, HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.27-0.88). Survival was not impacted by BRCA1 message level. 53BP1 expression was not associated with primary platinum resistance. In 54 paired primary and recurrent cases, 53BP1 protein expression was equally likely to decrease or increase, and there was no association between decreased 53BP1 at recurrence and the development of platinum resistance. CONCLUSIONS BRCA1-mutated ovarian carcinomas have higher 53BP1 protein expression than wildtype or BRCA2-mutated carcinomas, in opposition to previous findings in breast carcinomas. Higher 53BP1 protein, which promotes NHEJ, could explain the frequent chromosomal aberrations that are characteristic of BRCA1-mutated ovarian carcinomas. In wildtype ovarian carcinomas, decreased 53BP1 message predicts improved survival, but message and protein expression were not associated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn P Pennington
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|