1
|
Dijkhuis L, Johns A, Ragusa D, van den Brink SC, Pina C. Haematopoietic development and HSC formation in vitro: promise and limitations of gastruloid models. Emerg Top Life Sci 2023; 7:439-454. [PMID: 38095554 PMCID: PMC10754337 DOI: 10.1042/etls20230091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the most extensively studied adult stem cells. Yet, six decades after their first description, reproducible and translatable generation of HSC in vitro remains an unmet challenge. HSC production in vitro is confounded by the multi-stage nature of blood production during development. Specification of HSC is a late event in embryonic blood production and depends on physical and chemical cues which remain incompletely characterised. The precise molecular composition of the HSC themselves is incompletely understood, limiting approaches to track their origin in situ in the appropriate cellular, chemical and mechanical context. Embryonic material at the point of HSC emergence is limiting, highlighting the need for an in vitro model of embryonic haematopoietic development in which current knowledge gaps can be addressed and exploited to enable HSC production. Gastruloids are pluripotent stem cell-derived 3-dimensional (3D) cellular aggregates which recapitulate developmental events in gastrulation and early organogenesis with spatial and temporal precision. Gastruloids self-organise multi-tissue structures upon minimal and controlled external cues, and are amenable to live imaging, screening, scaling and physicochemical manipulation to understand and translate tissue formation. In this review, we consider the haematopoietic potential of gastruloids and review early strategies to enhance blood progenitor and HSC production. We highlight possible strategies to achieve HSC production from gastruloids, and discuss the potential of gastruloid systems in illuminating current knowledge gaps in HSC specification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liza Dijkhuis
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ayona Johns
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, U.K
- Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, U.K
| | - Denise Ragusa
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, U.K
- Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, U.K
| | | | - Cristina Pina
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, U.K
- Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang S, Ren D, Arkoun B, Kaushik AL, Matherat G, Lécluse Y, Filipp D, Vainchenker W, Raslova H, Plo I, Godin I. Lyl-1 regulates primitive macrophages and microglia development. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1382. [PMID: 34887504 PMCID: PMC8660792 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During ontogeny, macrophage populations emerge in the Yolk Sac (YS) via two distinct progenitor waves, prior to hematopoietic stem cell development. Macrophage progenitors from the primitive/"early EMP" and transient-definitive/"late EMP" waves both contribute to various resident primitive macrophage populations in the developing embryonic organs. Identifying factors that modulates early stages of macrophage progenitor development may lead to a better understanding of defective function of specific resident macrophage subsets. Here we show that YS primitive macrophage progenitors express Lyl-1, a bHLH transcription factor related to SCL/Tal-1. Transcriptomic analysis of YS macrophage progenitors indicate that primitive macrophage progenitors present at embryonic day 9 are clearly distinct from those present at later stages. Disruption of Lyl-1 basic helix-loop-helix domain leads initially to an increased emergence of primitive macrophage progenitors, and later to their defective differentiation. These defects are associated with a disrupted expression of gene sets related to embryonic patterning and neurodevelopment. Lyl-1-deficiency also induce a reduced production of mature macrophages/microglia in the early brain, as well as a transient reduction of the microglia pool at midgestation and in the newborn. We thus identify Lyl-1 as a critical regulator of primitive macrophages and microglia development, which disruption may impair resident-macrophage function during organogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoutang Wang
- grid.14925.3b0000 0001 2284 9388Gustave Roussy, INSERM UMR1287, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Present Address: Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Deshan Ren
- grid.14925.3b0000 0001 2284 9388Gustave Roussy, INSERM UMR1287, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France ,grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XPresent Address: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease study; Model Animal Research Center, Medical school of Nanjing University, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Brahim Arkoun
- grid.14925.3b0000 0001 2284 9388Gustave Roussy, INSERM UMR1287, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Anna-Lila Kaushik
- grid.14925.3b0000 0001 2284 9388Gustave Roussy, INSERM UMR1287, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France ,Present Address: Plasseraud IP, 33064 Bordeaux, France
| | - Gabriel Matherat
- grid.14925.3b0000 0001 2284 9388Gustave Roussy, INSERM UMR1287, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France ,grid.22058.3d0000 0001 2104 254XPresent Address: Agence Nationale pour la Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Yann Lécluse
- grid.14925.3b0000 0001 2284 9388PFIC, lUMS AMMICa (US 23 INSERM/UMS 3655 CNRS; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Dominik Filipp
- grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XLaboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - William Vainchenker
- grid.14925.3b0000 0001 2284 9388Gustave Roussy, INSERM UMR1287, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Hana Raslova
- grid.14925.3b0000 0001 2284 9388Gustave Roussy, INSERM UMR1287, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Plo
- grid.14925.3b0000 0001 2284 9388Gustave Roussy, INSERM UMR1287, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Godin
- Gustave Roussy, INSERM UMR1287, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang J, Yin MZ, Zhao KW, Ke F, Jin WJ, Guo XL, Liu TH, Liu XY, Gu H, Yu XM, Li Z, Mu LL, Hong DL, Chen J, Chen GQ. APC/C is essential for hematopoiesis and impaired in aplastic anemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:63360-63369. [PMID: 28968996 PMCID: PMC5609928 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is essential for cell cycle progression. Recently, its non-mitotic functions were also reported but less studied in several tissues including hematopoietic cells. Here, we developed an inducible Anapc2 (a core subunit of APC/C) knockout mice. The animals displayed a fatal bone marrow failure within 7 days after knockout induction. Their hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) demonstrated a sharp decline and could form little colony. Further, the results of BrdU label-retaining cell assay showed that the dormant HPSCs lost rapidly. Analysis of cell cycle regulators, Skp2, P27, Cdk2, and Cyclin E1, suggested that these quiescent stem cells underwent a shift from quiescence to mitosis followed by apoptosis. We next detected Anapc2-expression in the CD34+ HSPCs of patients with aplastic anemia. CD34+ cells were markedly decreased in the bone marrow and Anapc2-expression in the residual CD34+ cells was undetectable, suggesting that APC/C was deficient and might have a relationship with the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Min-Zhi Yin
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, SJTU-SM, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ke-Wen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Fang Ke
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wen-Jie Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, SJTU-SM, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tian-Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Ye Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Min Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Li-Li Mu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Deng-Li Hong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, SJTU-SM, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Owen HC, Appiah S, Hasan N, Ghali L, Elayat G, Bell C. Phytochemical Modulation of Apoptosis and Autophagy: Strategies to Overcome Chemoresistance in Leukemic Stem Cells in the Bone Marrow Microenvironment. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 135:249-278. [PMID: 28807161 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Advances in scientific research and targeted treatment regimes have improved survival rates for many cancers over the past few decades. However, for some types of leukemia, including acute lymphoblastic and acute myeloid leukemia, mortality rates have continued to rise, with chemoresistance in leukemic stem cells (LSCs) being a major contributing factor. Most cancer drug therapies act by inducing apoptosis in dividing cells but are ineffective in targeting quiescent LSCs. Niches in the bone marrow, known as leukemic niches, behave as "sanctuaries" where LSCs acquire drug resistance. This review explores the role of the bone marrow environment in the maintenance of LSCs and its contribution to chemoresistance and considers current research on the potential use of phytochemicals to overcome chemoresistance through the modulation of signaling pathways involved in the survival and death of leukemic clonal cells and/or leukemic stem cells. Phytochemicals from traditional Chinese medicine, namely baicalein, chrysin, wogonin (constituents of Scutellaria baicalensis; huáng qín; ), curcumin (a constituent of Curcuma longa, jiāng huáng, ), and resveratrol (a constituent of Polygonum cuspidatum; hŭ zhàng, ) have been shown to induce apoptosis in leukemic cell lines, with curcumin and resveratrol also causing cell death via the induction of autophagy (a nonapoptotic pathway). In order to be effective in eliminating LSCs, it is important to target signaling pathways (such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and Hedgehog). Resveratrol has been reported to induce apoptosis in leukemic cells through the inhibition of the Notch and Sonic hedgehog signaling pathways, therefore showing potential to affect LSCs. While these findings are of interest, there is a lack of reported research on the modulatory effect of phytochemicals on the autophagic cell death pathway in leukemia, and on the signaling pathways involved in the maintenance of LSCs, highlighting the need for further work in these areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen C Owen
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Sandra Appiah
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Noor Hasan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Ghali
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ghada Elayat
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London, United Kingdom
| | - Celia Bell
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Expression of the fetal hematopoiesis regulator FEV indicates leukemias of prenatal origin. Leukemia 2016; 31:1079-1086. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
6
|
Höfer T, Busch K, Klapproth K, Rodewald HR. Fate Mapping and Quantitation of Hematopoiesis In Vivo. Annu Rev Immunol 2016; 34:449-78. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032414-112019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Katrin Busch
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Kay Klapproth
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Hans-Reimer Rodewald
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Grove CS, Vassiliou GS. Acute myeloid leukaemia: a paradigm for the clonal evolution of cancer? Dis Model Mech 2015; 7:941-51. [PMID: 25056697 PMCID: PMC4107323 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.015974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an uncontrolled clonal proliferation of abnormal myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow and blood. Advances in cancer genomics have revealed the spectrum of somatic mutations that give rise to human AML and drawn our attention to its molecular evolution and clonal architecture. It is now evident that most AML genomes harbour small numbers of mutations, which are acquired in a stepwise manner. This characteristic, combined with our ability to identify mutations in individual leukaemic cells and our detailed understanding of normal human and murine haematopoiesis, makes AML an excellent model for understanding the principles of cancer evolution. Furthermore, a better understanding of how AML evolves can help us devise strategies to improve the therapy and prognosis of AML patients. Here, we draw from recent advances in genomics, clinical studies and experimental models to describe the current knowledge of the clonal evolution of AML and its implications for the biology and treatment of leukaemias and other cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn S Grove
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - George S Vassiliou
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Stem cell programs are retained in human leukemic lymphoblasts. Oncogene 2014; 34:2083-93. [PMID: 24909160 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Leukemic lymphoblasts within different immunophenotypic populations possess stem cell properties. However, whether or not the self-renewal program is retained from stem cells or conferred on progenitors by leukemogenic molecules remains unknown. We have addressed the issue in the context of TEL-AML1-associated acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by profiling a refined program edited from genes essential for self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells and B-cell development. Bioinformatic analysis shows that ALL populations are loosely clustered and close to the normal population that contains stem and primitive progenitor cells. This finding indicates that immunophenotypes do not reflect maturation stages in ALL and that the self-renewal program may be retained from stem cells. Results of assessing 'first hit' function of TEL-AML1 in different populations of normal cells demonstrate the molecular model. Therefore, the current study shows a leukemogenic scenario of human ALL in which programs of stem cells are sustained in distinct fractions by leukemogenic mutations.
Collapse
|
10
|
Tcf7 is an important regulator of the switch of self-renewal and differentiation in a multipotential hematopoietic cell line. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002565. [PMID: 22412390 PMCID: PMC3297581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A critical problem in biology is understanding how cells choose between self-renewal and differentiation. To generate a comprehensive view of the mechanisms controlling early hematopoietic precursor self-renewal and differentiation, we used systems-based approaches and murine EML multipotential hematopoietic precursor cells as a primary model. EML cells give rise to a mixture of self-renewing Lin-SCA+CD34+ cells and partially differentiated non-renewing Lin-SCA-CD34− cells in a cell autonomous fashion. We identified and validated the HMG box protein TCF7 as a regulator in this self-renewal/differentiation switch that operates in the absence of autocrine Wnt signaling. We found that Tcf7 is the most down-regulated transcription factor when CD34+ cells switch into CD34− cells, using RNA–Seq. We subsequently identified the target genes bound by TCF7, using ChIP–Seq. We show that TCF7 and RUNX1 (AML1) bind to each other's promoter regions and that TCF7 is necessary for the production of the short isoforms, but not the long isoforms of RUNX1, suggesting that TCF7 and the short isoforms of RUNX1 function coordinately in regulation. Tcf7 knock-down experiments and Gene Set Enrichment Analyses suggest that TCF7 plays a dual role in promoting the expression of genes characteristic of self-renewing CD34+ cells while repressing genes activated in partially differentiated CD34− state. Finally a network of up-regulated transcription factors of CD34+ cells was constructed. Factors that control hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) establishment and development, cell growth, and multipotency were identified. These studies in EML cells demonstrate fundamental cell-intrinsic properties of the switch between self-renewal and differentiation, and yield valuable insights for manipulating HSCs and other differentiating systems. The hematopoietic system has provided a leading model for stem cell studies, and there is great interest in elucidating the mechanisms that control the decision of HSC self-renewal and differentiation. This switch is important for understanding hematopoietic diseases and manipulating HSCs for therapeutic purposes. However, because HSCs are currently unable to proliferate extensively in vitro, this severely limits the types of biochemical analyses that can be performed; and, consequently, the mechanisms that control the decision between early-stage HSC self-renewal and differentiation remain unclear. Murine bone marrow derived EML multipotential hematopoietic precursor cells are ideal for studying the switch. EML cells can grow in large culture and give rise to a mixture of self-renewing Lin-SCA+CD34+ cells and partially differentiated non-renewing Lin-SCA-CD34− cells in a cell autonomous fashion. Using RNA–Sequencing and ChIP–Sequencing, we identified and validated the HMG box protein TCF7 as a regulator in this switch and find that it operates in the absence of canonical Wnt signaling. Together with RUNX1, TCF7 regulates a network of transcription factors that characterize the CD34+ cell state. This work serves as a model for studying mechanisms of autonomous and balanced cell fate choice and is ultimately valuable for manipulating HSCs.
Collapse
|
11
|
da Cunha AF, Brugnerotto AF, Duarte AS, Lanaro C, Costa GGL, Saad STO, Costa FF. Global gene expression reveals a set of new genes involved in the modification of cells during erythroid differentiation. Cell Prolif 2010; 43:297-309. [PMID: 20546246 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2010.00679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Erythroid differentiation is a dynamic process in which a pluripotent stem cell undergoes a series of developmental changes that commit it to a specific lineage. These alterations involve changes in gene expression profiles. In this study, gene expression profiles during differentiation of human erythroid cells of a normal blood donor were evaluated using SAGE. MATERIALS AND METHODS Global gene expression was evaluated in cells collected immediately before addition of erythropoietin (0 h) and 192 and 336 h after addition of this hormone. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate activation of differentially expressed genes. RESULTS The data indicate that global aspects of the transcriptome were similar during differentiation of the majority of the genes and that a relatively small set of genes is probably involved in modification of erythroid cells during differentiation. We have identified 93 differentially expressed genes during erythroid development, and expression of some of these was confirmed by qPCR. Various genes including EYA3, ERH, HES6, TIMELESS and TRIB3 were found to be homologous to those of Drosophila melanogaster and here are described for the first time during erythroid development. An important and unique carboxypeptidase inhibitor described in mammalians, LXN, was also identified. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study amplify previously published data and may contribute to comprehension of erythroid differentiation and identification of new target genes involved in some erythroid concerning diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A F da Cunha
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ciau-Uitz A, Pinheiro P, Gupta R, Enver T, Patient R. Tel1/ETV6 specifies blood stem cells through the agency of VEGF signaling. Dev Cell 2010; 18:569-78. [PMID: 20412772 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of stem cell ontogeny is poorly understood. We show that the leukemia-associated Ets transcription factor, Tel1/ETV6, specifies the first hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the dorsal aorta (DA). In contrast, Tel1/ETV6 has little effect on embryonic blood formation, further distinguishing the programming of the long- and short-term blood populations. Consistent with the notion of concordance of arterial and HSC programs, we show that Tel1/ETV6 is also required for the specification of the DA as an artery. We further show that Tel1/ETV6 acts by regulating the transcription of VegfA in both the lateral plate mesoderm and also in the somites. Exogenous VEGFA rescues Tel1/ETV6 morphants, and depletion of VEGFA or its receptor, Flk1, largely phenocopies Tel1/ETV6 depletion. Few such links between intrinsic and extrinsic programming of stem cells have been reported previously. Our data place Tel1/ETV6 at the apex of the genetic regulatory cascade leading to HSC production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Ciau-Uitz
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Targeted disruption of Zfp36l2, encoding a CCCH tandem zinc finger RNA-binding protein, results in defective hematopoiesis. Blood 2009; 114:2401-10. [PMID: 19633199 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-04-214619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the tristetraprolin family of tandem CCCH finger proteins can bind to AU-rich elements in the 3'-untranslated region of mRNAs, leading to their deadenylation and subsequent degradation. Partial deficiency of 1 of the 4 mouse tristetraprolin family members, Zfp36l2, resulted in complete female infertility because of early embryo death. We have now generated mice completely deficient in the ZFP36L2 protein. Homozygous Zfp36l2 knockout (KO) mice died within approximately 2 weeks of birth, apparently from intestinal or other hemorrhage. Analysis of peripheral blood from KO mice showed a decrease in red and white cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets. Yolk sacs from embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) Zfp36l2 KO mice and fetal livers from E14.5 KO mice gave rise to markedly reduced numbers of definitive multilineage and lineage-committed hematopoietic progenitors. Competitive reconstitution experiments demonstrated that Zfp36l2 KO fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells were unable to adequately reconstitute the hematopoietic system of lethally irradiated recipients. These data establish Zfp36l2 as a critical modulator of definitive hematopoiesis and suggest a novel regulatory pathway involving control of mRNA stability in the life cycle of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang S. The role of aberrant transcription factor in the progression of chronic myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 49:1463-9. [DOI: 10.1080/10428190802163305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
15
|
So CWE. An overview: from discovery of candidate mutations to disease modeling and transformation mechanisms of acute leukemia. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 538:1-5. [PMID: 19277592 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-418-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute leukemia is an aggressive form of hematological malignancy, which is characterized and classified into different subtypes according to the morphology and immunophenotype of the leukemic blasts. However in the past decade, it became clear that it is the genetic makeup and probably the origin of leukemic stem cells, which determine the phenotype, aggressiveness, and prognosis of the disease. To further advance our knowledge, various molecular and cellular methodologies have been developed by clinical and basic researchers to not only identify and monitor these genetic changes in patients, but also model and dissect the underlying transformation mechanisms of the disease. In this chapter, I will summarize some of the key developments and latest technologies that have been instrumental to modern leukemia research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Wai Eric So
- Haemato-Oncology Section, The Institute of Cancer Research, 2E12.4, Brookes Lawley Building, 15 Cotswold Road, SM2 5NG, Sutton, Greater London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Garcia-Ortega A, Cañete A, Quintero C, Silberstein L, Gil MP, Alvarez-Dolado M, Dekel B, Gottgens B, Sanchez M. Enhanced Hemato-Vascular Contribution Of SCL-3′Enh Expressing Fetal Liver Cells Uncovers Their Potential To Integrate In Extra-Medullary Adult Niches. Stem Cells 2009; 28:100-12. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
17
|
Salvagiotto G, Zhao Y, Vodyanik M, Ruotti V, Stewart R, Marra M, Thomson J, Eaves C, Slukvin I. Molecular profiling reveals similarities and differences between primitive subsets of hematopoietic cells generated in vitro from human embryonic stem cells and in vivo during embryogenesis. Exp Hematol 2008; 36:1377-89. [PMID: 18922365 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2008.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cellular and molecular changes that occur during the genesis of the hematopoietic system and hematopoietic stem cells in the human embryo are mostly inaccessible to study and remain poorly understood. To address this gap we have exploited the human embryonic stem cell (hESC) system to molecularly characterize the global transcriptomes of the two functionally discreet and phenotypically separable populations of multipotent hematopoietic cells that first appear when hESCs are induced to differentiate on OP9 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prepared long serial analysis of gene expression libraries from lin-CD34+CD43+CD45- and lin-CD34+CD43+CD45+ subsets of primitive hematopoietic cells derived in vitro from hESCs, sequenced them to a depth of 200,000 tags and compared their content with similar libraries prepared from highly purified populations of very primitive human fetal liver and cord blood hematopoietic cells. RESULTS Comparison of libraries obtained from hESC-derived lin-CD34+CD43+CD45- and lin-CD34+CD43+CD45+ revealed differences in their expression of genes associated with myeloid development, cellular biosynthetic processes, and cell-cycle regulation. Further comparisons with analogous data for primitive hematopoietic cells isolated from first-trimester human fetal liver and newborn cord blood showed an apparent similarity between the transcriptomes of the most primitive hESC- and in vivo-derived populations, with the main differences involving genes that regulate HSC self-renewal and homing, chromatin remodeling, AP1 transcription complex genes, and noncoding RNAs. CONCLUSION These data suggest that primitive hematopoietic cells are generated from hESCs in vitro by processes similar to those operative during human embryogenesis in vivo, although some differences were also detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Salvagiotto
- WiCell Research Institute, Terry Fox Laboratory, Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Vassilopoulos A, Wang RH, Petrovas C, Ambrozak D, Koup R, Deng CX. Identification and characterization of cancer initiating cells from BRCA1 related mammary tumors using markers for normal mammary stem cells. Int J Biol Sci 2008; 4:133-42. [PMID: 18461147 PMCID: PMC2367429 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is hypothesized that cancer stem cells arise either from normal stem cells or from progenitor cells that have gained the ability to self-renew. Here we determine whether mammary cancer stem cells can be isolated by using antibodies that have been used for the isolation of normal mammary stem cells. We show that BRCA1 mutant cancer cell lines contained a subpopulation of CD24+CD29+ or CD24+CD49f+ cells that exhibited increased proliferation and colony forming ability in vitro, and enhanced tumor-forming ability in vivo. The purified CD24+CD29+ cells could differentiate and reconstitute the heterogeneity found in parental cells when plated as a monolayer. Under low-attachment conditions, we detected "tumorspheres" only in the presence of double positive cells, which maintained their ability to self-renew. Furthermore, CD24+CD29+ cells could form tubular structures reminiscent of the mammary ductal tree when grown in three-dimensional cultures, implying that these cancer cells maintain some of the characteristics of the normal stem cells. Nevertheless, they could still drive tumor formation since as low as 500 double positive cells immediately after sorting from BRCA1 mutant primary tumors were able to form tumors with the same heterogeneity found in the original tumors. These data provide evidence that breast cancer stem cells originate from normal stem cells and advance our understanding of BRCA1-associated tumorigenesis with possible implications for future cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios Vassilopoulos
- 1. Genetics of Development, Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rui-Hong Wang
- 1. Genetics of Development, Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, MD 20892, USA
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- 2. Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy, Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Ambrozak
- 2. Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy, Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard Koup
- 2. Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy, Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- 1. Genetics of Development, Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|