1
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Gladysheva MV, Plyusnin PE, Shubin YV, Vedyagin AA, Korenev SV. New Complex Salts as Precursors of Porous Pd–Ir–Rh Nanoalloys. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023622080137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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2
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Architecture Evolution of Different Nanoparticles Types: Relationship between the Structure and Functional Properties of Catalysts for PEMFC. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review considers the features of the catalysts with different nanoparticle structures architecture transformation under the various pre-treatment types. Based on the results of the publications analysis, it can be concluded that the chemical or electrochemical activation of bimetallic catalysts has a significant effect on their composition, microstructure, and catalytic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction. The stage of electrochemical activation is recommended for use as a mandatory catalyst pre-treatment to obtain highly active de-alloyed materials. The literature is studied, which covers possible variants of the structural modification under the influence of thermal treatment under different processing conditions. Additionally, based on the literature data analysis, recommendations are given for the thermal treatment of catalysts alloyed with various d-metals.
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3
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López-Martín R, Burgos BS, Normile PS, De Toro JA, Binns C. Gas Phase Synthesis of Multi-Element Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2803. [PMID: 34835568 PMCID: PMC8618514 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The advantages of gas-phase synthesis of nanoparticles in terms of size control and flexibility in choice of materials is well known. There is increasing interest in synthesizing multi-element nanoparticles in order to optimize their performance in specific applications, and here, the flexibility of material choice is a key advantage. Mixtures of almost any solid materials can be manufactured and in the case of core-shell particles, there is independent control over core size and shell thickness. This review presents different methods of producing multi-element nanoparticles, including the use of multiple targets, alloy targets and in-line deposition methods to coat pre-formed cores. It also discusses the factors that produce alloy, core-shell or Janus morphologies and what is possible or not to synthesize. Some applications of multi-element nanoparticles in medicine will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chris Binns
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.L.-M.); (B.S.B.); (P.S.N.); (J.A.D.T.)
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4
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Filling in nanoporous gold with silver via bulk deposition and surface-limited redox replacement approaches. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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5
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Zhang X, Li H, Yang J, Lei Y, Wang C, Wang J, Tang Y, Mao Z. Recent advances in Pt-based electrocatalysts for PEMFCs. RSC Adv 2021; 11:13316-13328. [PMID: 35423850 PMCID: PMC8697640 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05468b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to reduce the cost and improve the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), it is imperative to further enhance the activity and durability of Pt based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This article analyzes the latest advances in Pt-based ORR electrocatalysts, including the Pt alloys, Pt–M core–shell structures, particle size effects, support effects, doping in Pt/PtM and post treatment. In addition, the performance of some of the developed novel electrocatalysts in membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) is also included for comparison, as they are rarely available and the superior activity and durability exhibited in RDE frequently doesn't translate into MEA. In this paper, the latest progress in the design of Pt-based ORR electrocatalysts is reviewed, including the understanding of research progress in the synthesis of high activity and high stability catalysts.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Zhang
- Weichai Power Intelligent Manufacturing Joint Research Institute, INET, Tsinghua University Beijing China.,Weichai Power Co., Ltd. Weifang 261061 Shandong China
| | - Haiou Li
- Weichai Power Intelligent Manufacturing Joint Research Institute, INET, Tsinghua University Beijing China.,Weichai Power Co., Ltd. Weifang 261061 Shandong China
| | - Jian Yang
- Weichai Power Intelligent Manufacturing Joint Research Institute, INET, Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Yijie Lei
- Weichai Power Intelligent Manufacturing Joint Research Institute, INET, Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Weichai Power Intelligent Manufacturing Joint Research Institute, INET, Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Weichai Power Intelligent Manufacturing Joint Research Institute, INET, Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Yaping Tang
- Weichai Power Intelligent Manufacturing Joint Research Institute, INET, Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Zongqiang Mao
- Weichai Power Intelligent Manufacturing Joint Research Institute, INET, Tsinghua University Beijing China
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6
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Taniguchi K, Cuya Huaman JL, Iwata D, Yokoyama S, Matsumoto T, Suzuki K, Miyamura H, Balachandran J. Pt distribution-controlled Ni–Pt nanocrystals via an alcohol reduction technique for the oxygen reduction reaction. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01360b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic performance and durability of Ni–Pt alloy nanoparticles synthesized using an alcohol reduction technique were enhanced by controlling the metallic Pt distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaneyuki Taniguchi
- Department of Materials Science
- The University of Shiga Prefecture
- Hikone 522-8533
- Japan
| | - Jhon L. Cuya Huaman
- Department of Materials Science
- The University of Shiga Prefecture
- Hikone 522-8533
- Japan
| | - Daichi Iwata
- Department of Materials Science
- The University of Shiga Prefecture
- Hikone 522-8533
- Japan
| | - Shun Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8579
- Japan
| | - Takatoshi Matsumoto
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8577
- Japan
| | - Kazumasa Suzuki
- Department of Materials Science
- The University of Shiga Prefecture
- Hikone 522-8533
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyamura
- Department of Materials Science
- The University of Shiga Prefecture
- Hikone 522-8533
- Japan
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7
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A facile synthesis of Cu–CuO–Ag nanocomposite and their hydrogenation reduction of p-nitrophenol. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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8
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Preparation of Nanoporous PdIrZn Alloy Catalyst by Dissolving Excess ZnO for Cathode of High- Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12214155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-supported nanoporous palladium-iridium–zinc (NP-PdIrZn) electrocatalyst was prepared through the modification of the alcohol-reduction process following the selective dissolution of excess ZnO nanoparticles using NaOH solution. The electrocatalyst was applied successfully to the cathode for a high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC). X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the NP-PdIrZn nanoparticles suggests formation of the ternary alloy and complete removal of ZnO without the formation of individual Pd, Ir, or Zn nanoparticles. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images displayed porous nanoparticles with an irregular shape, which was generated by removing the ZnO from the PdIrZn–ZnO nanocomposites, and was prepared by using the excessive Zn precursor. The electrochemical surface area (ECSA) of the NP-PdIrZn catalysts was estimated by cyclic voltammetry using a rotating disk electrode method , and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity was evaluated by a linear sweep method. The NP-PdIrZn catalysts showed larger ECSA and higher ORR activity than those of the PdIr and PdIrZn catalysts, which may be attributed to the increased exposed surface area by selective etching of the ZnO in the composites. Furthermore, the NP-PdIrZn catalyst exhibited excellent performance (0.66 V) in a single cell under the HT-PEMFC condition than those of the PdIr (0.58 V) and PdIrZn (0.62 V) catalysts, indicating that geometric and electronic control of Pd-based alloy can improve the single-cell performance for the HT-PEMFC.
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9
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Xie C, Niu Z, Kim D, Li M, Yang P. Surface and Interface Control in Nanoparticle Catalysis. Chem Rev 2019; 120:1184-1249. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Niu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Dohyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mufan Li
- Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Peidong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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10
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Petkov V, Maswadeh Y, Vargas JA, Shan S, Kareem H, Wu ZP, Luo J, Zhong CJ, Shastri S, Kenesei P. Deviations from Vegard's law and evolution of the electrocatalytic activity and stability of Pt-based nanoalloys inside fuel cells by in operando X-ray spectroscopy and total scattering. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:5512-5525. [PMID: 30860531 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01069f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Catalysts for energy related applications, in particular metallic nanoalloys, readily undergo atomic-level changes during electrochemical reactions. The origin, dynamics and implications of the changes for the catalysts' activity inside fuel cells though are not well understood. This is largely because they are studied on model nanoalloy structures under controlled laboratory conditions. Here we use combined synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy and total scattering to study the dynamic behaviour of nanoalloys of Pt with 3d-transition metals as they function at the cathode of an operating proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Results show that the composition and atomic structure of the nanoalloys change profoundly, from the initial state to the active form and further along the cell operation. The electrocatalytic activity of the nanoalloys also changes. The rate and magnitude of the changes may be rationalized when the limits of traditional relationships used to connect the composition and structure of nanoalloys with their electrocatalytic activity and stability, such as Vegard's law, are recognized. In particular, deviations from the law inherent for Pt-3d metal nanoalloys can well explain their behaviour under operating conditions. Moreover, it appears that factors behind the remarkable electrocatalytic activity of Pt-3d metal nanoalloys, such as the large surface to unit volume ratio and "size misfit" of the constituent Pt and 3d-transition metal atoms, also contribute to their instability inside fuel cells. The new insight into the atomic-level evolution of nanoalloy electrocatalysts during their lifetime is likely to inspire new efforts to stabilize transient structure states beneficial to their activity and stability under operating conditions, if not synthesize them directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeri Petkov
- Department of Physics and Science of Advanced Materials Program, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA.
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11
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Taniguchi K, Shinoda K, Cuya Huaman JL, Yokoyama S, Uchikoshi M, Matsumoto T, Suzuki K, Miyamura H, Jeyadevan B. Designed synthesis of highly catalytic Ni–Pt nanoparticles for fuel cell applications. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-018-0133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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12
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Wang S, Chen B, Liang Y, Ye F, Lin J. A Feasible Strategy for Fabricating Surface Porous Network in Fe-Si Ribbons. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11050701. [PMID: 29710814 PMCID: PMC5978078 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Porous materials have always attracted extensive attention owing to their low density, tunable porosity and high surface area. Generally, porosity is introduced in amorphous materials through dealloying or electrochemical dealloying processes. In this work, an iron-based surface porous network was successfully fabricated utilizing selective electrochemical dissolution of Fe-Si alloy ribbons based on the cellular structure prepared by melt-spinning technique. After 30 s, the surface of the ribbon gradually becomes flat and grains can be observed in the first stage of electrochemistry; after an extra 10 s, the pores spread throughout the surface of the ribbon in the second stage. The average size of pores is about 310 nm and the average size of the ligament is 150 nm. The associated dissolution mechanism has been proposed based on the inhomogeneous composition of the center and edge of the cell. The entire process of electrochemical dissolution has been divided into two stages and the entire duration of synthesis does not exceed one minute. This method is extremely feasible and provides a promising strategy for preparing surface porous materials for selective electrochemical dissolution of cellular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Biao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yongfeng Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Feng Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Junpin Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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13
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Anasdass JR, Kannaiyan P, Raghavachary R, Gopinath SCB, Chen Y. Palladium nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide sheets synthesized using Ficus carica fruit extract: A catalyst for Suzuki cross-coupling reactions. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193281. [PMID: 29466453 PMCID: PMC5821401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a biogenic method for the synthesis of palladium nanoparticle (PdNP)-modified by reducing graphene oxide sheets (rGO) in a one-pot strategy using Ficus carica fruit juice as the reducing agent. The synthesized material was well characterized by morphological and structural analyses, including, Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The results revealed that the PdNP modified GO are spherical in shape and estimated to be a dimension of ~0.16 nm. The PdNP/graphene exhibits a great catalytic activity in Suzuki cross-coupling reactions for the synthesis of biaryl compounds with various substrates under both aqueous and aerobic conditions. The catalyst can be recovered easily and is suitable for repeated use because it retains its original catalytic activity. The PdNP/rGO catalyst synthesized by an eco-friendly protocol was used for the Suzuki coupling reactions. The method offers a mild and effective substitute to the existing methods and may significantly contribute to green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pandian Kannaiyan
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | | | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Arau, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Kangar, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Center (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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14
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Wang Q, Wang XS, Chen CH, Yang X, Huang YB, Cao R. Defective Pt nanoparticles encapsulated in mesoporous metal–organic frameworks for enhanced catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8822-8825. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04485f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly ultrafine defective Pt nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated in the mesopores of MIL-101 (Pt(Co)@MIL-101) were achieved for the first time through a chemical dealloying approach. The obtained material could provide more active sites to contact reactants and showed superior catalytic activity towards the hydrogenation of nitroarenes under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Xu-Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Chun-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Yuan-Biao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Rong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
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15
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Martínez L, Mayoral A, Espiñeira M, Roman E, Palomares FJ, Huttel Y. Core@shell, Au@TiO x nanoparticles by gas phase synthesis. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:6463-6470. [PMID: 28466930 PMCID: PMC5509011 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01148b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, gas phase synthesis and characterization of multifunctional core@shell, Au@TiOx nanoparticles have been reported. The nanoparticles were produced via a one-step process using a multiple-ion cluster source under a controlled environment that guaranteed the purity of the nanoparticles. The growth of the Au cores (6 nm diameter) is stopped when they pass through the Ti plasma where they are covered by an ultra-thin (1 nm thick) and homogeneous titanium shell that is oxidized in-flight before the soft-landing of the nanoparticles. The Au cores were found to be highly crystalline with icosahedral (44%) and decahedral (66%) structures, whereas the shell, mainly composed of TiO2 (79%), was not ordered. The highly electrical insulating behaviour of the titanium oxide shell was confirmed by the charging effect produced during X-ray photoemission spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Xu Y, Chen C, Zhou M, FU G, Zhao Y, Chen Y. Improved oxygen reduction activity of carbon nanotubes and graphene through adenine functionalization. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02865b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The SWNT or graphene can draw electrons from the nitrogen species in adenine to form pyrrolic/graphitic-N-type groups as ORR active sites, similar with that of N-doped carbon materials, offering an opportunity to develop a class of new ORR catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youze Xu
- Hunan Research Academy of Environment Sciences
- Changsha 410004
- China
| | - Caili Chen
- Hunan Research Academy of Environment Sciences
- Changsha 410004
- China
| | - Mo Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan City 411105
- China
| | - Guangyi FU
- Hunan Research Academy of Environment Sciences
- Changsha 410004
- China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Hunan Research Academy of Environment Sciences
- Changsha 410004
- China
| | - Yuehui Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan City 411105
- China
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17
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Thanh TD, Balamurugan J, Lee SH, Kim NH, Lee JH. Novel porous gold-palladium nanoalloy network-supported graphene as an advanced catalyst for non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:669-678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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18
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Yang T, Ma Y, Huang Q, He M, Cao G, Sun X, Zhang D, Wang M, Zhao H, Tong Z. High Durable Ternary Nanodendrites as Effective Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:23646-23654. [PMID: 27570881 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting high catalytic activities and superior durability is significant for the lifetime and the cost of electro-catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Pt-Ni nanocrystals have attracted considerable attention owing to their exceptionally catalytic performance. However, the durability of Pt-Ni nanoparticles in acid media is still far below satisfaction. Consequently, improving the durability is extremely urgent for the application of Pt-Ni catalysts. To this end, we herein develop Pt-Ni-Ir ternary nanocrystals with dendritic shape, which are synthesized through a facile one-pot strategy. Such nanostructures featured with multibranches show an area specific activity of 1.58 mA cm(-2), seven times more than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst (0.21 mA cm(-2)). More importantly, the dendritic Pt-Ni-Ir catalyst displays extraordinarily high durability. In contrast to the commercial Pt/C counterparts, which exhibit losses of 53.2% in EASA and 41% in area specific activity after 12 000 cycles of sweeping in the potential range of 0.6-1.1 V, only respective losses of 5.5% and 6% are detected for our dendritic Pt-Ni-Ir catalyst. The high activity and remarkable durability are mainly attributed to the dendritic morphology and the introduction of Ir. This work demonstrates that the Pt-Ni-Ir dendritic nanostructures are promising electro-catalysts for ORR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology , Lianyungang 222005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology , Lianyungang 222005, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingli Huang
- Testing Center, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoshuai He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266590, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojian Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology , Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology , Lianyungang 222005, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology , Lianyungang 222005, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology , Lianyungang 222005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology , Lianyungang 222005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Tong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology , Lianyungang 222005, People's Republic of China
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19
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Zhang L, Gao X, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Cheng Y, Su J. A Doping Lattice of Aluminum and Copper with Accelerated Electron Transfer Process and Enhanced Reductive Degradation Performance. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31797. [PMID: 27535800 PMCID: PMC4989162 DOI: 10.1038/srep31797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of azo dye effluents has received increasing concerns over the years due to their potential harms to natural environment and human health. The present study described the degrading ability of the as-synthesized crystalline Al-Cu alloys for removal of high-concentration Acid Scarlet 3R in alkaline aqueous solutions and its degradation mechanism. Al-Cu alloy particles with Al/Cu ratios 19:1 were successfully synthesized by high-energy mechanical milling. Characterization results showed that 10 h mechanical alloying process could lead to the formation of crystalline Al(Cu) solid solution. Batch experiment results confirmed the excellent ability of Al-Cu alloy particles for the degradation of 3R in aqueous solution. Under a certain condition ([Al-Cu]0 = 2 g/L, [3R]0 = 200 mg/L, [NaCl]0 = 25 g/L, initial pH = 10.9), the 3R could be completely degraded within only 3 min. It was also found that the degradation reaction followed zero-order kinetics model with respect to the initial dye concentration. The intermediate compounds were identified by UV-vis, FT-IR and HPLC-MS, and a pathway was proposed. Additionally, post-treatment Al-Cu alloy particles were characterized by SEM and TEM, and the results showed that the degradation might be attributed to the corrosion effect of Al-Cu alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xue Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhixuan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Mingbo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yiqian Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jixin Su
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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20
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Fang C, Zhao J, Zhao G, Kuai L, Geng B. Simultaneous tunable structure and composition of PtAg alloyed nanocrystals as superior catalysts. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:14971-14978. [PMID: 27465607 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr02643e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PtAg alloyed nanostructural catalysts were firstly prepared by co-reduction of AgNO3 and H2PtCl6 precursors in growth solution using a seed-mediated method. By simply changing the molar ratio of the metal precursors, the morphologies of the porous alloyed nanocrystals can be tuned from multipetals to multioctahedra. Simultaneously, the alloy composition can be varied from Pt76Ag24 to Pt66Ag34. The catalytic properties of the prepared PtAg alloyed nanocrystals with a tunable structure and composition were tentatively examined by choosing the reduction of 4-nitrophenol with NaBH4. The reaction rate normalized to the concentration of catalysts was calculated to be 318.9 s(-1) mol(-1) L and 277.4 s(-1) mol(-1) L for Pt70Ag30 and Pt66Ag34 porous catalysts, which is much higher than the pure Pt catalysts. Moreover, PtAg nanostructures can also serve as efficient electrocatalysts toward the methanol oxidation reaction, especially for Pt70Ag30 and Pt66Ag34 porous nanocrystals. The electrocatalytic activity and the durability were both highly enhanced compared to the commercial Pt/C catalyst. In addition, we also investigated the enhancement mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Fang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province 241000, China.
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province 241000, China.
| | - Guili Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province 241000, China.
| | - Long Kuai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province 241000, China.
| | - Baoyou Geng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province 241000, China.
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21
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Liu K, Bai Y, Zhang L, Yang Z, Fan Q, Zheng H, Yin Y, Gao C. Porous Au-Ag Nanospheres with High-Density and Highly Accessible Hotspots for SERS Analysis. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:3675-81. [PMID: 27192436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal plasmonic metal nanoparticles have enabled surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for a variety of analytical applications. While great efforts have been made to create hotspots for amplifying Raman signals, it remains a great challenge to ensure their high density and accessibility for improved sensitivity of the analysis. Here we report a dealloying process for the fabrication of porous Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles containing abundant inherent hotspots, which were encased in ultrathin hollow silica shells so that the need of conventional organic capping ligands for stabilization is eliminated, producing colloidal plasmonic nanoparticles with clean surface and thus high accessibility of the hotspots. As a result, these novel nanostructures show excellent SERS activity with an enhancement factor of ∼1.3 × 10(7) on a single particle basis (off-resonant condition), promising high applicability in many SERS-based analytical and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Center for Materials Chemistry, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Yaocai Bai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Materials Chemistry, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Zhongbo Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Qikui Fan
- Center for Materials Chemistry, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Haoquan Zheng
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University , Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Yadong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Chuanbo Gao
- Center for Materials Chemistry, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
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22
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Li D, Lv H, Kang Y, Markovic NM, Stamenkovic VR. Progress in the Development of Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts for Low-Temperature Fuel Cells. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2016; 7:509-32. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-080615-034526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongguo Li
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439;
| | - Haifeng Lv
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439;
| | - Yijin Kang
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439;
| | - Nenad M. Markovic
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439;
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23
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Shao M, Chang Q, Dodelet JP, Chenitz R. Recent Advances in Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Chem Rev 2016; 116:3594-657. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2698] [Impact Index Per Article: 337.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Shao
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Qiaowan Chang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jean-Pol Dodelet
- INRS-Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650, boulevard Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Regis Chenitz
- INRS-Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650, boulevard Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2, Canada
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24
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Zhang C, Oliaee SN, Hwang SY, Kong X, Peng Z. A Generic Wet Impregnation Method for Preparing Substrate-Supported Platinum Group Metal and Alloy Nanoparticles with Controlled Particle Morphology. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:164-169. [PMID: 26642094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mass production of shape-controlled platinum group metal (PGM) and alloy nanoparticles is of high importance for their many fascinating properties in catalysis, electronics, and photonics. Despite of successful demonstrations at milligram scale using wet chemistry syntheses in many fundamental studies, there is still a big gap between the current methods and their real applications due to the complex synthetic procedures, scale-up difficulty, and surface contamination problem of the made particles. Here we report a generic wet impregnation method for facile, surfactant-free, and scalable preparation of nanoparticles of PGMs and their alloys on different substrate materials with controlled particle morphology and clean surface, which bridges the outstanding properties of these nanoparticles to practical important applications. The underlying particle growth and shape formation mechanisms were investigated using a combination of ex situ and in situ characterizations and were attributed to their different interactions with the applied gas molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Shirin Norooz Oliaee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Sang Youp Hwang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Xiangkai Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Zhenmeng Peng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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25
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Baldizzone C, Gan L, Hodnik N, Keeley GP, Kostka A, Heggen M, Strasser P, Mayrhofer KJJ. Stability of Dealloyed Porous Pt/Ni Nanoparticles. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Baldizzone
- Department of
Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering Max-Planck-Institut für
Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Strasse
1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lin Gan
- Division of Energy & Environment, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, 518055 Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Nejc Hodnik
- Department of
Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering Max-Planck-Institut für
Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Strasse
1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gareth P. Keeley
- Department of
Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering Max-Planck-Institut für
Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Strasse
1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Aleksander Kostka
- Department
of High Temperature Materials, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Heggen
- Ernst
Ruska Center for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungzentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Peter Strasser
- Electrochemical
Energy, Catalysis and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of
Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl J. J. Mayrhofer
- Department of
Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering Max-Planck-Institut für
Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Strasse
1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
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26
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Zhu C, Du D, Eychmüller A, Lin Y. Engineering Ordered and Nonordered Porous Noble Metal Nanostructures: Synthesis, Assembly, and Their Applications in Electrochemistry. Chem Rev 2015; 115:8896-943. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 502] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhou Zhu
- School
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2920, United States
| | - Dan Du
- School
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2920, United States
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | | | - Yuehe Lin
- School
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2920, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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27
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Xiao M, Feng L, Zhu J, Liu C, Xing W. Rapid synthesis of a PtRu nano-sponge with different surface compositions and performance evaluation for methanol electrooxidation. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:9467-9471. [PMID: 25966842 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00639b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A rapid strategy to synthesize a highly active PtRu alloy nano-sponge catalyst system for methanol electro-oxidation is presented. The greatly increased Pt utilization, anti-CO poisoning ability and electronic effect resulting from the porous nano-sponge structure could account for the performance improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China.
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28
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Nagao A, Higashimine K, Cuya Huaman JL, Iwamoto T, Matsumoto T, Inoue Y, Maenosono S, Miyamura H, Jeyadevan B. Formation of Pt decorated Ni-Pt nanocubes through low temperature atomic diffusion--time-resolved elemental analysis of nanoparticle formation. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:9927-9934. [PMID: 25970500 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01816a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The formation process of Pt decorated Ni-Pt nanocubes was investigated by analysing the elemental distribution of Ni and Pt in the particles obtained from time-resolved in situ sampling during the synthesis in the oleylamine-1-heptanol system. The analysis confirmed the formation of Pt(core)-Ni(shell) nanoparticles at the initial stages of the reaction. However, as the reaction time progressed, the Pt atoms at the centre diffused outward and reached the corners and edges of the particle, whose shape changed from nearly spherical at the initial stages of the reaction to a perfect cube at the end of the reaction, forming a Ni rich cube (core)-Pt(cage). The cage obtained by dissolving the Ni rich cube was composed mainly of Pt and the Ni content in the frame was a mere 12%. The catalytic activity of the Pt cage was measured using cyclic voltammetry. The initial measurements suggested that the activity was comparable to some of the commercially available Pt catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nagao
- Department of Material Science, University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone City, 522-8533, Shiga Prefecture, Japan.
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29
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Synthesis of new metastable nanoalloys of immiscible metals with a pulse laser technique. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9849. [PMID: 25952016 PMCID: PMC4424658 DOI: 10.1038/srep09849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of nanoalloys of immiscible metals is still a challenge using conventional methods. However, because these materials are currently attracting much attention, alternative methods are needed. In this article, we demonstrate a simple but powerful strategy for the generation of a new metastable alloy of immiscible metals. Au(1-x)Ni(x) 3D structures with 56 at% of nickel in gold were successfully manufactured by the pulsed laser irradiation of colloidal nanoparticles. This technology can be used for preparing different metastable alloys of immiscible metals. We hypothesise that this technique leads to the formation of alloy particles through the agglomerations of nanoparticles, very fast heating, and fast cooling/solidification. Thus, we expect that our approach will be applicable to a wide range of inorganic solids, yielding even new metastable solids that fail to be stable in the bulk systems, and therefore do not exist in Nature.
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30
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Qiu HJ, Xu HT, Liu L, Wang Y. Correlation of the structure and applications of dealloyed nanoporous metals in catalysis and energy conversion/storage. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:386-400. [PMID: 25419899 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05778c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous metals produced by dealloying have shown great promise in many areas such as catalysis/electrocatalysis, energy conversion/storage, sensing/biosensing, actuation, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Particularly, nanoscale metal ligaments with high electronic conductivity, tunable size and rich surface chemistry make nanoporous metals very promising as catalysts/electrocatalysts for energy conversion applications such as fuel cells and also as versatile three-dimensional substrates for energy-storage in supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries. In this review, we focus on the recent developments of dealloyed nanoporous metals in both catalysis/electrocatalysis and energy storage. In particular, based on the state-of-the-art electron microscopy characterization, we explain the atomic origin of the high catalytic activity of nanoporous gold. We also highlight the recent advances in rationally designing nanoporous metal-based composites and hierarchical structures for enhanced energy storage. Finally, we conclude with some outlook and perspectives with respect to future research on dealloyed nanoporous metals in catalysis- and energy-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Qiu
- The state Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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31
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Huan TN, Shinde DV, Kim S, Han SH, Artero V, Chung H. Forest of Pt–Au–Ag tri-metallic nanodendrites as an efficient electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reaction. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10205c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Forests of trimetallic nanodendrites composed of Pt, Au, and Ag have been synthesized and their catalytic performances with regard to the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Ngoc Huan
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Natural Sciences
- Hanyang University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dipak V. Shinde
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Natural Sciences
- Hanyang University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Saetbyeol Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Natural Sciences
- Hanyang University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Han
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Natural Sciences
- Hanyang University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Vincent Artero
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals
- Université Grenoble Alpes
- CNRS
- CEA
- 38054 Grenoble cedex 9
| | - Hoeil Chung
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Natural Sciences
- Hanyang University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
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32
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Nie Y, Li L, Wei Z. Recent advancements in Pt and Pt-free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:2168-201. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00484a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1606] [Impact Index Per Article: 178.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Based on the understanding of the ORR catalytic mechanism, advanced Pt-based and Pt-free catalysts have been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Nie
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Li Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Zidong Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
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33
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Hwang ET, Lee YW, Park HC, Kwak DH, Kim DM, Kim SJ, Kim MC, Lee JY, Lee S, Park KW. Synthesis of Pt-Rich@Pt–Ni alloy core–shell nanoparticles using halides. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14095h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated the synthesis of Pt–Ni alloy core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) via a one-pot thermal decomposition method, optimized by variation of the concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) and reaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Tak Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Soongsil University
- Seoul 156743
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Soongsil University
- Seoul 156743
- Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Chul Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Soongsil University
- Seoul 156743
- Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hee Kwak
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Soongsil University
- Seoul 156743
- Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Mi Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Soongsil University
- Seoul 156743
- Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Jin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Soongsil University
- Seoul 156743
- Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Soongsil University
- Seoul 156743
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Yeon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Soongsil University
- Seoul 156743
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Soongsil University
- Seoul 156743
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Won Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Soongsil University
- Seoul 156743
- Republic of Korea
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34
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Zhao P, Wu F, Kronawitter CX, Chen Z, Yao N, Koel BE. The (0001) surfaces of α-Fe2O3 nanocrystals are preferentially activated for water oxidation by Ni doping. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:26797-803. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04555j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A modification process on hematite nanoplates leads to controlled surface area ratio of (0001) facets and Ni-doped surfaces. Electrochemical testing shows the enhancement of water oxidation activity by Ni-doping increases as the surface area ratio of (0001) facets increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Princeton University
- Princeton
- USA
| | - Fan Wu
- Princeton Institute for Science and Technology of Materials
- Princeton University
- Princeton
- USA
| | | | - Zhu Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Princeton University
- Princeton
- USA
| | - Nan Yao
- Princeton Institute for Science and Technology of Materials
- Princeton University
- Princeton
- USA
| | - Bruce E. Koel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Princeton University
- Princeton
- USA
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35
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Hussain N, Borah A, Darabdhara G, Gogoi P, Azhagan VK, Shelke MV, Das MR. A green approach for the decoration of Pd nanoparticles on graphene nanosheets: An in situ process for the reduction of C–C double bonds and a reusable catalyst for the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01221j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In situ synthesis of Pd nanoparticles on graphene nanosheets with simultaneous reduction of alkene to alkane using hydrogen gas were utilized as efficient catalysts for the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najrul Hussain
- Materials Science Division
- CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology
- Jorhat-785006
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Ashwini Borah
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
- Chennai–600113
- India
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Gitashree Darabdhara
- Materials Science Division
- CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology
- Jorhat-785006
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Pranjal Gogoi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
- Chennai–600113
- India
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Vedi Kuyil Azhagan
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Manjusha V. Shelke
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
- Chennai–600113
- India
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
| | - Manash R. Das
- Materials Science Division
- CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology
- Jorhat-785006
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
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36
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Mujtaba J, Sun H, Fang F, Ahmad M, Zhu J. Fine control over the morphology and photocatalytic activity of 3D ZnO hierarchical nanostructures: capping vs. etching. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08325g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ZnO 3D hierarchical structures with different morphologies can be selectively synthesized at room temperature by using potassium hydroxide and citric acid as an etchant and capping agent, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawayria Mujtaba
- Beijing National Center for Electron Microscopy
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Tsinghua University
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Beijing National Center for Electron Microscopy
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Tsinghua University
| | - Fang Fang
- Beijing National Center for Electron Microscopy
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Tsinghua University
| | - Mashkoor Ahmad
- Nanomaterials Research Group
- Physics Division
- Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology
- Islamabad 44000
- Pakistan
| | - Jing Zhu
- Beijing National Center for Electron Microscopy
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Tsinghua University
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37
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Anandha Ganesh P, Jeyakumar D. One pot aqueous synthesis of nanoporous Au85Pt15 material with surface bound Pt islands: an efficient methanol tolerant ORR catalyst. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:13012-13021. [PMID: 25241856 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04712e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, we are reporting the synthesis of Au100-xPtx nanoporous materials in the size range of 7-10 nm through the galvanic replacement of Ag by Pt from Au100-xAg2x spherical nano-alloys (x = 20, 15, 10 and 5) in an aqueous medium. The galvanic replacement reaction follows the 'Volmer-Weber' growth mode, resulting in the formation of surface bound platinum islands on a nanoporous gold surface. The high angle annular dark field image and low angle X-ray diffraction studies confirm the presence of nanoporous Au100-xPtx NPs. The electrochemical studies using the Au85Pt15/C catalyst show excellent methanol tolerance behaviour and better performance towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in terms of high mass activity, mass-specific activity and figure of merit (FOM) when compared to HiSPEC Pt/C commercial catalyst. Preliminary studies on a full cell using nanoporous Au85Pt15/C (loading 1.0 mg cm(-2)) as the cathode material and Pt-Ru/C (loading: 0.5 mg cm(-2)) as the anode material performed better (38 mW cm(-2)) than the HiSPEC Pt/C cathode material (16 mW cm(-2)).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Anandha Ganesh
- Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikkudi - 630006, Tamil Nadu, India.
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39
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Yang S, Luo X. Mesoporous nano/micro noble metal particles: synthesis and applications. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:4438-57. [PMID: 24676151 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr06858g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The morphology, size and composition often govern the physical and chemical properties of noble metal units with a size in the nano or micro scale. Thus, the controlled growth of noble metal crystals would help to tailor their unique properties and this would be followed by their practical application. Mesoporous nano/micro noble metal units are types of nanostructured material that have fascinating properties that can generate great potential for various applications. This review presents a general view on the growth mechanisms of porous noble metal units and is focused on recent progresses in their synthetic approaches. Then, their potential applications in the field of drug delivery, cell imaging and SERS substrates, as well as fuel cell catalysts are overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchun Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shann Xi, 710049, People's Republic of China.
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40
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Wang Y, Wu B. Formation and evolution of nanoporous dendrites during dealloying of a ternary Al–Ag–Au precursor. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce40843d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Sahu SC, Samantara AK, Satpati B, Bhattacharjee S, Jena BK. A facile approach for in situ synthesis of graphene-branched-Pt hybrid nanostructures with excellent electrochemical performance. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:11265-11274. [PMID: 24088741 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr03372d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A facile and green approach for the synthesis of highly electroactive branched Pt nanostructures well dispersed on graphene has been developed by in situ reduction of graphene oxides and Pt(iv) ions in an aqueous medium. The as-synthesized branched Pt and graphene hybrid nanomaterials (GR-BPtNs) were thoroughly characterized using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. This report clearly exploits the decisive role of the graphene support, the pH of the solution and the stabiliser on shaping the branched morphology of the Pt nanostructures well dispersed on graphene. Cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were employed to investigate the electrocatalytic performance and durability of GR-BPtNs towards methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction. The results reveal that the synergetic effect of the graphene support and the branched morphology triggers electrocatalytic performance and robust tolerance to surface poisoning of GR-BPtNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash Chandra Sahu
- Colloids & Materials Chemistry, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar-751013, India.
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Durability enhancement of intermetallics electrocatalysts via N-anchor effect for fuel cells. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3234. [PMID: 24240982 PMCID: PMC3831193 DOI: 10.1038/srep03234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient durability and catalytic activity of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst are key issues that have to be solved for the practical application of low temperature fuel cell. This paper introduces a new catalyst design strategy using N-anchor to promote the corrosion resistance of electrocatalyst. The as-synthesized N-Pt3Fe1/C shows a high electrocatalytic activity and a superior durability towards ORR. The kinetic current density of N-Pt3Fe1/C as normalized by ECSA is still as high as 0.145 mA cm−2 and only 7% loss after 20000 potential cycles from 0.6 to 1.2 V (vs. NHE) in O2-bubbling perchloric acid solution, whereas Pt3Fe1/C shows 49% loss under the same tests. The N-anchor approach offers novel opportunities for the development of ORR catalyst with excellent electrochemical properties.
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Holade Y, Morais C, Servat K, Napporn TW, Kokoh KB. Toward the Electrochemical Valorization of Glycerol: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic and Chromatographic Studies. ACS Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/cs400559d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaovi Holade
- Université de Poitiers, IC2MP CNRS UMR 7285, 4 rue Michel Brunet−B27, BP 633, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France
| | - Cláudia Morais
- Université de Poitiers, IC2MP CNRS UMR 7285, 4 rue Michel Brunet−B27, BP 633, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France
| | - Karine Servat
- Université de Poitiers, IC2MP CNRS UMR 7285, 4 rue Michel Brunet−B27, BP 633, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France
| | - Teko W. Napporn
- Université de Poitiers, IC2MP CNRS UMR 7285, 4 rue Michel Brunet−B27, BP 633, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France
| | - K. Boniface Kokoh
- Université de Poitiers, IC2MP CNRS UMR 7285, 4 rue Michel Brunet−B27, BP 633, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France
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Zhang Z, Yang Y, Nosheen F, Wang P, Zhang J, Zhuang J, Wang X. Fine tuning of the structure of Pt-Cu alloy nanocrystals by glycine-mediated sequential reduction kinetics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:3063-3069. [PMID: 23585307 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201203200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Uniform Pt-Cu alloy nanocrystals in the shape of dendrite, yolk-cage, and box structures are prepared via a facile wet-chemical reduction route in which glycine is demonstrated to alter the reduction kinetics of metal cations, critical to the morphology of the obtained product. These alloy nanocrystals exhibit superior specific activity and stability in the electro-oxidation of methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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One-pot protocol for bimetallic Pt/Cu hexapod concave nanocrystals with enhanced electrocatalytic activity. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1404. [PMID: 23470501 PMCID: PMC3591749 DOI: 10.1038/srep01404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials with particular nanostructures which usually possess special properties always attract considerable attention. A novel bimetallic Pt/Cu hexapod nanostructure was prepared by a facile one-pot strategy. The formation mechanism was investigated by the time sequential evolution experiments and the hexapod concave nanostructures originated from the Pt/Cu rhombic dodecahedron. Further electrochemical measurements indicated the bimetallic Pt/Cu hexapod concave nanocrystals showed enhanced catalytic activities. It is believed that these novel nanostuctures would open up new opportunities for catalytic applications.
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Cui C, Gan L, Heggen M, Rudi S, Strasser P. Compositional segregation in shaped Pt alloy nanoparticles and their structural behaviour during electrocatalysis. NATURE MATERIALS 2013; 12:765-71. [PMID: 23770725 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 657] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Shape-selective monometallic nanocatalysts offer activity benefits based on structural sensitivity and high surface area. In bimetallic nanoalloys with well-defined shape, site-dependent metal surface segregation additionally affects the catalytic activity and stability. However, segregation on shaped alloy nanocatalysts and their atomic-scale evolution is largely unexplored. Exemplified by three octahedral PtxNi1-x alloy nanoparticle electrocatalysts with unique activity for the oxygen reduction reaction at fuel cell cathodes, we reveal an unexpected compositional segregation structure across the {111} facets using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. In contrast to theoretical predictions, the pristine PtxNi1-x nano-octahedra feature a Pt-rich frame along their edges and corners, whereas their Ni atoms are preferentially segregated in their {111} facet region. We follow their morphological and compositional evolution in electrochemical environments and correlate this with their exceptional catalytic activity. The octahedra preferentially leach in their facet centres and evolve into 'concave octahedra'. More generally, the segregation and leaching mechanisms revealed here highlight the complexity with which shape-selective nanoalloys form and evolve under reactive conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Cui
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Berlin 10623, Germany
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Rong H, Cai S, Niu Z, Li Y. Composition-Dependent Catalytic Activity of Bimetallic Nanocrystals: AgPd-Catalyzed Hydrodechlorination of 4-Chlorophenol. ACS Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/cs400282a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongpan Rong
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Shuangfei Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yadong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People’s
Republic of China
- Department
of Chemistry and the State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum
Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing,
100084, People’s Republic of China
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Nosheen F, Zhang ZC, Zhuang J, Wang X. One-pot fabrication of single-crystalline octahedral Pt-Cu nanoframes and their enhanced electrocatalytic activity. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:3660-3663. [PMID: 23552299 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr00833a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Octahedral Pt-Cu nanoframes have been synthesized by a one-pot aqueous method. Due to the unique structure and possible synergetic effect of Pt and Cu components, these octahedral Pt-Cu nanoframes exhibited significantly enhanced catalytic activity toward the electro-oxidation of formic acid in comparison with commercial Pt black and Pt/C catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Nosheen
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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Wang X, Liu D, Song S, Zhang H. Graphene Oxide Induced Formation of Pt-CeO2Hybrid Nanoflowers with Tunable CeO2Thickness for Catalytic Hydrolysis of Ammonia Borane. Chemistry 2013; 19:8082-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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50
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Gan L, Heggen M, O'Malley R, Theobald B, Strasser P. Understanding and controlling nanoporosity formation for improving the stability of bimetallic fuel cell catalysts. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:1131-8. [PMID: 23360425 DOI: 10.1021/nl304488q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporosity is a frequently reported phenomenon in bimetallic particle ensembles used as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells. It is generally considered a favorable characteristic, because it increases the catalytically active surface area. However, the effect of nanoporosity on the intrinsic activity and stability of a nanoparticle electrocatalyst has remained unclear. Here, we present a facile atmosphere-controlled acid leaching technique to control the formation of nanoporosity in Pt-Ni bimetallic nanoparticles. By statistical analysis of particle size, composition, nanoporosity, and atomic-scale core-shell fine structures before and after electrochemical stability test, we uncover that nanoporosity formation in particles larger than ca. 10 nm is intrinsically tied to a drastic dissolution of Ni and, as a result of this, a rapid drop in intrinsic catalytic activity during ORR testing, translating into severe catalyst performance degradation. In contrast, O2-free acid leaching enabled the suppression of nanoporosity resulting in more solid core-shell particle architectures with thin Pt-enriched shells; surprisingly, such particles maintained high intrinsic activity and improved catalytic durability under otherwise identical ORR tests. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that catalytic stability could further improve by controlling the particle size below ca. 10 nm to avoid nanoporosity. Our findings provide an explanation for the degradation of bimetallic particle ensembles and show an easy to implement pathway toward more durable fuel cell cathode catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gan
- The Electrochemical Catalysis, Energy and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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