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Androgen receptor signaling-mitochondrial DNA-oxidative phosphorylation: A critical triangle in early prostate cancer. Curr Urol 2022; 16:207-212. [PMID: 36714229 PMCID: PMC9875216 DOI: 10.1097/cu9.0000000000000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are more than just the cellular powerhouse. They also play key roles in vital functions such as apoptosis, metabolism regulation, and other intracellular interactions. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes for 12 subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. Depletion of mtDNA in androgen-dependent prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines renders them androgen-independent and more aggressive. Paradoxically, pharmaceutical inhibition of OXPHOS is lethal for subsets of PCa cells, whereas others become dependent on androgen receptor (AR) signaling for survival. Given that the AR-mitochondria interaction is critical for early PCa, it is crucial to understand the details of this interaction. Technical hurdles have made mitochondria traditionally difficult to study, with many techniques used for isolation masking the properties of given individual mitochondria. Although the isolation of mitochondria enables us to study OXPHOS, we miss the context in which mitochondria interact with the rest of the cell. Both AR signaling and mtDNA affect apoptosis, metabolism regulation, cellular calcium storage and homeostasis, intracellular calcium signaling, and redox homeostasis. In this review, we will attempt to understand how the crosstalk between AR-mtDNA-OXPHOS is responsible for "life or death" decisions inside the cells. Our aim is to point toward potential vulnerabilities that can lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets.
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Zięba S, Maciejczyk M, Zalewska A. Ethanol- and Cigarette Smoke-Related Alternations in Oral Redox Homeostasis. Front Physiol 2022; 12:793028. [PMID: 35153810 PMCID: PMC8832011 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.793028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse as well as smoking cigarettes has been proven to negatively affect the oral environment. The aim of this work was to provide a systematic review of the literature on the influence of ethanol and cigarette smoking on oral redox homeostasis. A search was performed for scientific articles indexed in the PubMed, Medline and Web of Science databases. We identified 32,300 articles, of which 54 were used for the final review, including the results from 2000 to 2021. Among the publications used to write this article, n = 14 were related to the influence of alcohol consumption (clinical studies n = 6, experimental studies n = 8) and n = 40 were related to the influence of smoking (clinical studies n = 33, experimental studies n = 7) on oral redox homeostasis. The reviewed literature indicates that alcohol abusers and smokers are more likely to suffer from salivary gland dysfunction, as well as develop precancerous lesions due to DNA damage. Compared to alcohol abstainers and non-smokers, alcohol drinkers and smokers are also characterized by a deterioration in periodontal health measured by various indicators of periodontal status. In summary, alcohol abuse and smoking are associated with disrupted oral redox homeostasis, which may lead not only to tooth loss, but also contribute to various adverse effects related to mental health, digestive processes and chronic inflammation throughout the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zięba
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- *Correspondence: Sara Zięba, ;
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Independent Laboratory of Experimental Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Xu FW, Lv YL, Zhong YF, Xue YN, Wang Y, Zhang LY, Hu X, Tan WQ. Beneficial Effects of Green Tea EGCG on Skin Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2021; 26:6123. [PMID: 34684703 PMCID: PMC8540743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is associated with various health benefits. In this review, we searched current work about the effects of EGCG and its wound dressings on skin for wound healing. Hydrogels, nanoparticles, micro/nanofiber networks and microneedles are the major types of EGCG-containing wound dressings. The beneficial effects of EGCG and its wound dressings at different stages of skin wound healing (hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and tissue remodeling) were summarized based on the underlying mechanisms of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, angiogenesis and antifibrotic properties. This review expatiates on the rationale of using EGCG to promote skin wound healing and prevent scar formation, which provides a future clinical application direction of EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Wei Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China; (F.-W.X.); (Y.-F.Z.); (Y.-N.X.); (Y.W.); (L.-Y.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Ying-Li Lv
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China;
| | - Yu-Fan Zhong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China; (F.-W.X.); (Y.-F.Z.); (Y.-N.X.); (Y.W.); (L.-Y.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Ya-Nan Xue
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China; (F.-W.X.); (Y.-F.Z.); (Y.-N.X.); (Y.W.); (L.-Y.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China; (F.-W.X.); (Y.-F.Z.); (Y.-N.X.); (Y.W.); (L.-Y.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Li-Yun Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China; (F.-W.X.); (Y.-F.Z.); (Y.-N.X.); (Y.W.); (L.-Y.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Xian Hu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China; (F.-W.X.); (Y.-F.Z.); (Y.-N.X.); (Y.W.); (L.-Y.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Wei-Qiang Tan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China; (F.-W.X.); (Y.-F.Z.); (Y.-N.X.); (Y.W.); (L.-Y.Z.); (X.H.)
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Koregol AC, Kalburgi NB, Pattanashetty P, Warad S, Shirigeri NS, Hunasikatti VC. Effect of smokeless tobacco use on salivary glutathione levels among chronic periodontitis patients before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Tob Prev Cessat 2020; 6:15. [PMID: 32548352 PMCID: PMC7291912 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/115062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smokeless tobacco (SLT) jeopardizes periodontal health and also produces an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants (AO) such as glutathione. Glutathione is an important redox regulator in saliva and its maintenance is essential for periodontal health. Periodontitis patients have a reduced total AO capacity in whole saliva, and periodontal therapy restores the redox balance. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of smokeless tobacco use on saliva glutathione levels in patients with chronic periodontitis and to evaluate these effects after non-surgical periodontal therapy. METHODS The study included 100 subjects in four groups; healthy, gingivitis, and chronic periodontitis (CP) patients with and without SLT use. Saliva samples were collected, and clinical periodontal parameters were recorded at baseline and at one month after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Glutathione levels were analyzed using spectrophotometry at 412 nm. Statistical analysis was carried out using paired t-test, chi-squared, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS Mean glutathione values in saliva were found to be lower in periodontitis patients compared to SLT users at baseline and at 1 month post non-surgical periodontal therapy (p<0.001) In addition, non-surgical therapy leads to a highly significant improvement in the glutathione levels in gingivitis, in the CP with and without ST groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Successful non-surgical periodontal therapy leads to considerable progress in the redox balance, thus regulating glutathione levels and reducing the effects of SLT on the periodontium. This emphasises the importance of non-surgical therapy, especially among SLT users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arati C Koregol
- Department of Periodontics, P.M.N.M. Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, India
| | - Nagaraj B Kalburgi
- Department of Periodontics, P.M.N.M. Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, India
| | - Pushpa Pattanashetty
- Department of Periodontics, P.M.N.M. Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, India
| | - Shivaraj Warad
- Department of Periodontics, P.M.N.M. Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, India
| | - Nandini S Shirigeri
- Department of Periodontics, P.M.N.M. Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, India
| | - Vani C Hunasikatti
- Department of Periodontics, P.M.N.M. Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, India
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Isik Andrikopoulos G, Farsalinos K, Poulas K. Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) and Their Relevance in Oral Health. TOXICS 2019; 7:toxics7040061. [PMID: 31817732 PMCID: PMC6958319 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7040061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The number and popularity of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and especially e-cigarettes (e-cigs) have been increasing in the last decade. Although ENDS owe their popularity to excluding the harmful chemicals that are present in tobacco smoke, there is a debate whether they are safe, regulated, and as harmless as they are assumed to be and have potential unknown long-term effects. Involvement of cigarette smoking to the progression of periodontal diseases, other adverse oral health outcomes, and its detrimental effects to oral health are well-described. ENDS producer companies claim that these products can improve oral health by providing alternatives to smoking. However, the effect of e-cigs on oral health is not fully understood and is still debated among many scientists and clinicians. The number of studies addressing the potential toxic effect of ENDS or e-cig aerosol on oral cells is limited along with the clinical studies which are still preliminary, and their sample size is limited. The long-term effects of inhaled aerosols and the potential synergistic effect of the e-cigs components are not known. It is essential and of utmost importance to determine whether exposure to ENDS aerosol contributes to the progression of periodontal diseases and how it affects periodontal ligament and gingival cells which are believed to be its first targets. This review briefly summarizes the available evidence about the effects of e-cigs on periodontal health including several pathophysiological events, such as oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, cellular senescence, dysregulated repair, and periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantinos Farsalinos
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio, 26500 Patras, Greece; (G.I.A.); (K.F.)
- Department of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674 Kallithea, Greece
- National School of Public Health, Leof. Alexandras 196, 111521 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Poulas
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio, 26500 Patras, Greece; (G.I.A.); (K.F.)
- Institute of Research and Innovation NONSMOKE TEAM, Patras Science Park, Stadiou, Platani, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2610-962353
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Feng Z, Zhang X, Wu R, Ding Z, Yang F, Sun Y, Cheng N, Gui Y, Cai H. High-stability and multithreading phase-coherent receiver for simultaneous transfer of stabilized optical and radio frequencies. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:2418-2421. [PMID: 31090695 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.002418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a high-stability and multithreading coherent receiver for simultaneous distribution of stabilized optical and radio frequencies (RFs). The technique is based on a monolithic electroabsorption modulator integrated with a distributed feedback laser, which can purify and amplify the optical carrier while recovering the RF signal as a high-speed photodetector. The large-dynamic-range and high-bandwidth phase-locking system preserves the stability of the receiver for optical and RF signals to 3.5×10-20 and 6.4×10-18 at 1000 s, respectively. Furthermore, a dual-stabilization system using this novel receiver is proposed for simultaneous transfer of ultrastable optical carriers and RF signals over a 263 km fiber link. The transferred frequency stabilities of the optical carrier and the 9.1 GHz signal are 6.5×10-20 and 1.6×10-17, respectively, for an averaging time of 10,000 s.
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Tobacco smoke and nicotine suppress expression of activating signaling molecules in human dendritic cells. Toxicol Lett 2018; 299:40-46. [PMID: 30227238 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke has significant toxic effects on the immune system, and increases the risk of developing autoimmune diseases; one immunosuppressive effect of cigarette smoke is that it inhibits the T cell-stimulating, immunogenic properties of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs). As the functions of DCs are regulated by intra-cellular signaling pathways, we investigated the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and nicotine on multiple signaling molecules and other regulatory proteins in human DCs to elucidate the molecular basis of the inhibition of DC maturation and function by CSE and nicotine. Maturation of monocyte-derived DCs was induced with the TLR3-agonist poly I:C or with the TLR4-agonist lipopolysaccharide, in the absence or presence of CSE or nicotine. Reverse-phase protein microarray was used to quantify multiple signaling molecules and other proteins in cell lysates. Particularly in poly I:C-matured DCs, cigarette smoke constituents and nicotine suppressed the expression of signaling molecules associated with DC maturation and T cell stimulation, cell survival and cell migration. In conclusion, constituents of tobacco smoke suppress the immunogenic potential of DCs at the signaling pathway level.
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Influence of Dental Restorations on Oxidative Stress in Gingival Crevicular Fluid. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1823189. [PMID: 30140362 PMCID: PMC6081590 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1823189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatibility of dental materials (DM) can be evaluated by gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) oxidative stress (OS) status. The goal of the study was to ascertain influence of dental caries degree, teeth position, and type and amount of applied DM on GCF OS profile. For this purpose, we tested six DMs that were sealed in one session: amalgam (Amg), composites: Tetric EvoCeram and Beautifil (BF), phosphate cement-zinc phosphate and polycarboxylate cements-zinc polycarboxylate cements, and glass ionomer cement (GIC). The study included 88 dental outpatients. Follow-up was scheduled at 7th and 30th day. Oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and total superoxide dismutase (tSOD) activity) were measured before (0th day) and after the treatment (7th and 30th day) in GCF. Control teeth were mirror-positioned healthy teeth. The DM accomplished the following effects (listed in descending order): increase of GSH in GCF was realized by ZPoC > BF > GIC > Amg; tSOD activity increase by ZPoC > BF > Amg; and MDA decrease by ZPoC > ZPhC > Amg > TEC. Dental caries provokes insignificant rise of OS in GCF. ZPoC and ZPhC showed the highest antioxidant effect, contrary to GIC. Restorations with antioxidant properties may reduce gum diseases initiated by caries lesion, what is of great clinical relevance in dentistry.
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John S, Kurumathur A, Talwar A, Kumar K, Abraham T, Alagiri A, Walaja G, Clements J. The Expression of B7-H3 Molecule in Periodontal Disease. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (SHIRAZ, IRAN) 2017; 18:1-6. [PMID: 28293664 PMCID: PMC5338170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM T cells have been shown to play a role in the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease. B7-H3, a costimulatory molecule, is found to be associated with regulation of T cell function in some tumoral tissues, as well as autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of B7-H3 molecule in healthy and diseased gingival tissue samples. MATERIALS AND METHOD Gingival samples were taken from 2 groups (A and B) representing periodontal health and periodontal disease, respectively. These were paraffinized and processed to carry out immunostaining to identify B7-H3 expression. The slides were then examined under light microscope to assess the positive staining in epithelium and connective tissue. The intensity of positive staining in epithelium and the number of positive cells in the connective tissue were evaluated. Statistical analysis was done using kappa analysis and independent t-test. RESULTS Kappa analysis revealed good inter-examiner agreement for both the groups (group A: 0.718; group B: 0.797). Intensity of staining in the epithelium ranged from intense to moderate for both the groups. In the connective tissue, there was a statistically insignificant decrease (p value= 0.415) in the number of positive cells from group A (mean labeling index: 50.28±26.09) to group B (mean labeling index= 41.37±25.29). CONCLUSION B7-H3 molecule has been found to be expressed in gingival tissue samples; however, it showed a statistically insignificant decrease in periodontal disease group compared to healthy group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya John
- Dept. of Periodontics, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Kerala, India.
| | - Arun Kurumathur
- Dept. of Periodontics & Implantology, Ragas Dental College, Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Avaneendra Talwar
- Dept. of Periodontics & Implantology, Ragas Dental College, Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Keerthana Kumar
- Dept. of Periodontics & Implantology, Ragas Dental College, Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Teenu Abraham
- Dept. of Periodontics & Implantology, Ragas Dental College, Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ananthi Alagiri
- Dept. of Periodontics & Implantology, Ragas Dental College, Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Gnanasagar Walaja
- Dept. of Periodontics & Implantology, Ragas Dental College, Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jasmine Clements
- Dept. of Periodontics & Implantology, Ragas Dental College, Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction by e-cigarette fluids in human gingival fibroblasts. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:477-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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