1
|
Han Y, Zhang W, Li W. All-optical pulse switching with a periodically driven dissipative quantum system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:7987-8001. [PMID: 35299550 DOI: 10.1364/oe.452092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
All-optical switching used to switch the input optical signals without any electro-optical conversion plays a vital role in the next generation of optical information processing devices. Even all-optical switchings (AOSs) with continuous input signals have been widely studied, all-optical pulse switchings (AOPSs) whose input signals are pulse sequences have rarely been investigated because of the time-dependent Hamiltonian, especially for dissipative quantum systems. In this paper, we propose an AOPS scheme, where a strong pulsed field is used to switch another pulsed input signal. With the help of Floquet-Lindblad theory, we identify the control field that can effectively turn on/off the input signal whose amplitude envelope is a square-wave (SW) pulse train in a three-level dissipative system. By comparing the properties of the AOPSs controlled by a continuous-wave (CW) field and an SW control field, we find that the SW field is more suitable to be a practical tool for controlling the input SW signal. It is interesting to impress that the switching efficacy is robust against pulse errors. The proposed protocol is readily implemented in atomic gases or superconducting circuits and corresponds to AOPSs or all-microwave pulse switchings.
Collapse
|
2
|
Ding JH, Huai SN, Ian H, Liu YX. Vacuum induced transparency and photon number resolved Autler-Townes splitting in a three-level system. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29540786 PMCID: PMC5852031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the absorption spectrum of a probe field by a Λ-type three-level system, which is coupled to a quantized control field through the two upper energy levels. The probe field is applied to the ground and the second excited states. When the quantized control field is in vacuum, we derive a threshold condition to discern vacuum induced transparency (VIT) and vacuum induced Autler-Townes splitting (ATS). We also find that the parameter changing from VIT to vacuum induced ATS is very similar to that from broken PT symmetry to PT symmetry. Moreover, we find the photon number resolved spectrum in the parameter regime of vacuum induced ATS when the mean photon number of the quantized control field is changed from zero (vacuum) to a finite number. However, there is no photon number resolved spectrum in the parameter regime of VIT even that the quantized control field contains the finite number of photons. Finally, we further discuss possible experimental realization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hao Ding
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, 999078, Macau, China
| | - Sai-Nan Huai
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hou Ian
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, 999078, Macau, China
| | - Yu-Xi Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Beijing, 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Silveri MP, Tuorila JA, Thuneberg EV, Paraoanu GS. Quantum systems under frequency modulation. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:056002. [PMID: 28379844 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa5170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We review the physical phenomena that arise when quantum mechanical energy levels are modulated in time. The dynamics resulting from changes in the transition frequency is a problem studied since the early days of quantum mechanics. It has been of constant interest both experimentally and theoretically since, with the simple two-state model providing an inexhaustible source of novel concepts. When the transition frequency of a quantum system is modulated, several phenomena can be observed, such as Landau-Zener-Stückelberg-Majorana interference, motional averaging and narrowing, and the formation of dressed states with the appearance of sidebands in the spectrum. Adiabatic changes result in the accumulation of geometric phases, which can be used to create topological states. In recent years, an exquisite experimental control in the time domain was gained through the parameters entering the Hamiltonian, and high-fidelity readout schemes allowed the state of the system to be monitored non-destructively. These developments were made in the field of quantum devices, especially in superconducting qubits, as a well as in atomic physics, in particular in ultracold gases. As a result of these advances, it became possible to demonstrate many of the fundamental effects that arise in a quantum system when its transition frequencies are modulated. The purpose of this review is to present some of these developments, from two-state atoms and harmonic oscillators to multilevel and many-particle systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M P Silveri
- Department of Physics, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland. Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Xu HK, Song C, Liu WY, Xue GM, Su FF, Deng H, Tian Y, Zheng DN, Han S, Zhong YP, Wang H, Liu YX, Zhao SP. Coherent population transfer between uncoupled or weakly coupled states in ladder-type superconducting qutrits. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11018. [PMID: 27009972 PMCID: PMC4820826 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage offers significant advantages for coherent population transfer between uncoupled or weakly coupled states and has the potential of realizing efficient quantum gate, qubit entanglement and quantum information transfer. Here we report on the realization of the process in the superconducting Xmon and phase qutrits—two ladder-type three-level systems in which the ground state population is coherently transferred to the second excited state via the dark state subspace. We demonstrate that the population transfer efficiency is no less than 96% and 67% for the two devices, which agree well with the numerical simulation of the master equation. Population transfer via stimulated Raman adiabatic passage is significantly more robust against variations of the experimental parameters compared with that via the conventional resonant π pulse method. Our work opens up a new venue for exploring the process for quantum information processing using the superconducting artificial atoms. Quantum state engineering necessitates transfer between quantum states. Here the authors demonstrate coherent population transfer between un- or weakly-coupled states of solid state systems, superconducting Xmon and phase qutrits, using stimulated Raman adiabatic passage and microwave driving.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H K Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - C Song
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - W Y Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - G M Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - F F Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - H Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - D N Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Siyuan Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Y P Zhong
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yu-xi Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Beijing 100084, China
| | - S P Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Erukhimova M, Tokman M. Fluctuation-dissipation relation in a resonantly driven quantum medium. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:2739-2742. [PMID: 26076250 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.002739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Noise associated with the spontaneous emission in a coherently driven medium is calculated. The significant field-induced modification of relation between the noise power and damping constant in a thermal reservoir is obtained. The nonlinear noise exchange between different atomic frequencies leads to violation of standard relations dictated by the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The developed general method is applied to the EIT system, attractive for realization of different quantum-information processing devices. It is shown that there is a significant factor defining the thermal noise at operating frequency in the EIT system. It is the averaged number of thermal photons at low frequency of ground state splitting.
Collapse
|
7
|
Törmä P, Barnes WL. Strong coupling between surface plasmon polaritons and emitters: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2015; 78:013901. [PMID: 25536670 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/78/1/013901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this review we look at the concepts and state-of-the-art concerning the strong coupling of surface plasmon-polariton modes to states associated with quantum emitters such as excitons in J-aggregates, dye molecules and quantum dots. We explore the phenomenon of strong coupling with reference to a number of examples involving electromagnetic fields and matter. We then provide a concise description of the relevant background physics of surface plasmon polaritons. An extensive overview of the historical background and a detailed discussion of more recent relevant experimental advances concerning strong coupling between surface plasmon polaritons and quantum emitters is then presented. Three conceptual frameworks are then discussed and compared in depth: classical, semi-classical and fully quantum mechanical; these theoretical frameworks will have relevance to strong coupling beyond that involving surface plasmon polaritons. We conclude our review with a perspective on the future of this rapidly emerging field, one we are sure will grow to encompass more intriguing physics and will develop in scope to be of relevance to other areas of science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Törmä
- Department of Applied Physics, COMP Centre of Excellence, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Controllable microwave three-wave mixing via a single three-level superconducting quantum circuit. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7289. [PMID: 25487352 PMCID: PMC5376979 DOI: 10.1038/srep07289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-wave mixing in second-order nonlinear optical processes cannot occur in atomic systems due to the electric-dipole selection rules. In contrast, we demonstrate that second-order nonlinear processes can occur in a superconducting quantum circuit (i.e., a superconducting artificial atom) when the inversion symmetry of the potential energy is broken by simply changing the applied magnetic flux. In particular, we show that difference- and sum-frequencies (and second harmonics) can be generated in the microwave regime in a controllable manner by using a single three-level superconducting flux quantum circuit (SFQC). For our proposed parameters, the frequency tunability of this circuit can be achieved in the range of about 17 GHz for the sum-frequency generation, and around 42 GHz (or 26 GHz) for the difference-frequency generation. Our proposal provides a simple method to generate second-order nonlinear processes within current experimental parameters of SFQCs.
Collapse
|
9
|
Tufarelli T, Ferraro A, Serafini A, Bose S, Kim MS. Coherently opening a high-Q cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:133605. [PMID: 24745418 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.133605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose a general framework to effectively "open" a high-Q resonator, that is, to release the quantum state initially prepared in it in the form of a traveling electromagnetic wave. This is achieved by employing a mediating mode that scatters coherently the radiation from the resonator into a one-dimensional continuum of modes such as a waveguide. The same mechanism may be used to "feed" a desired quantum field to an initially empty cavity. Switching between an open and "closed" resonator may then be obtained by controlling either the detuning of the scatterer or the amount of time it spends in the resonator. First, we introduce the model in its general form, identifying (i) the traveling mode that optimally retains the full quantum information of the resonator field and (ii) a suitable figure of merit that we study analytically in terms of the system parameters. Then, we discuss two feasible implementations based on ensembles of two-level atoms interacting with cavity fields. In addition, we discuss how to integrate traditional cavity QED in our proposal using three-level atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Tufarelli
- QOLS, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Ferraro
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Serafini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Sougato Bose
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - M S Kim
- QOLS, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhou L, Yang LP, Li Y, Sun CP. Quantum routing of single photons with a cyclic three-level system. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:103604. [PMID: 25166667 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.103604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose an experimentally accessible single-photon routing scheme using a △-type three-level atom embedded in quantum multichannels composed of coupled-resonator waveguides. Via the on-demand classical field being applied to the atom, the router can extract a single photon from the incident channel, and then redirect it into another. The efficient function of the perfect reflection of the single-photon signal in the incident channel is rooted in the coherent resonance and the existence of photonic bound states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhou
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Li-Ping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong Li
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100084, China
| | - C P Sun
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|