1
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Duan Y, Siegenthaler A, Skidmore AK, Chariton AA, Laros I, Rousseau M, De Groot GA. Forest top canopy bacterial communities are influenced by elevation and host tree traits. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2024; 19:21. [PMID: 38581032 PMCID: PMC10998314 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-024-00565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phyllosphere microbiome is crucial for plant health and ecosystem functioning. While host species play a determining role in shaping the phyllosphere microbiome, host trees of the same species that are subjected to different environmental conditions can still exhibit large degrees of variation in their microbiome diversity and composition. Whether these intra-specific variations in phyllosphere microbiome diversity and composition can be observed over the broader expanse of forest landscapes remains unclear. In this study, we aim to assess the variation in the top canopy phyllosphere bacterial communities between and within host tree species in the temperate European forests, focusing on Fagus sylvatica (European beech) and Picea abies (Norway spruce). RESULTS We profiled the bacterial diversity, composition, driving factors, and discriminant taxa in the top canopy phyllosphere of 211 trees in two temperate forests, Veluwe National Parks, the Netherlands and Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany. We found the bacterial communities were primarily shaped by host species, and large variation existed within beech and spruce. While we showed that there was a core microbiome in all tree species examined, community composition varied with elevation, tree diameter at breast height, and leaf-specific traits (e.g., chlorophyll and P content). These driving factors of bacterial community composition also correlated with the relative abundance of specific bacterial families. CONCLUSIONS While our results underscored the importance of host species, we demonstrated a substantial range of variation in phyllosphere bacterial diversity and composition within a host species. Drivers of these variations have implications at both the individual host tree level, where the bacterial communities differed based on tree traits, and at the broader forest landscape level, where drivers like certain highly plastic leaf traits can potentially link forest canopy bacterial community variations to forest ecosystem processes. We eventually showed close associations between forest canopy phyllosphere bacterial communities and host trees exist, and the consistent patterns emerging from these associations are critical for host plant functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Duan
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Andjin Siegenthaler
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew K Skidmore
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony A Chariton
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ivo Laros
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 46, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mélody Rousseau
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - G Arjen De Groot
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 46, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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2
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Dong L, Wang X, Tong H, Lv Y, Chen M, Li J, Liu C. Distribution and correlation of iron oxidizers and carbon-fixing microbial communities in natural wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168719. [PMID: 38040374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Most microaerophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (mFeOB) belonging to the family Gallionellaceae are autotrophic microorganisms that can use inorganic carbon to drive carbon sequestration in wetlands. However, the relationship between microorganisms involved in Fe and C cycling is not well understood. Here, soil samples were collected from different wetlands to explore the distribution and correlation of Gallionella-related mFeOB and carbon-fixing microorganisms containing cbbL and cbbM genes. A significant positive correlation was found between the abundances of mFeOB and the cbbL gene, as well as a highly significant positive correlation between the abundances of mFeOB and the cbbM gene, indicating the distribution of mFeOB in co-occurrence with carbon-fixing microorganisms in wetlands. The mFeOB were mainly dominated by Sideroxydans lithotrophicus ES-1 and Gallionella capsiferriformans ES-2 in all wetland soils. The structures of the carbon-fixing microbial communities were similar in these wetlands, mainly consisting of Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria. The extractable Fe(II) concentrations affected the community composition of mFeOB, resulting in a significant difference in the relative abundances of the dominant FeOB. The main factors affecting cbbL-related microbial communities were dissolved inorganic carbon and oxygen, soil redox potential, and sodium acetate-extracted Fe(II). The composition of cbbM-related microbial communities was mainly affected by acetate-extracted Fe(II) and soil redox potential. In addition, the positive correlation between these functional microorganisms suggests that they play a synergistic role in Fe(II) oxidation and carbon fixation in wetland soil ecosystems. Our results suggest a cryptic relationship between mFeOB and carbon-fixing microorganisms in wetlands and that the microbial community structure can be effectively altered by regulating their physicochemical properties, thus affecting the capacity of carbon sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leheng Dong
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xugang Wang
- College of Agriculture/Tree Peony, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Hui Tong
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Yahui Lv
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Manjia Chen
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Chengshuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
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3
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Zhang G, Liu T, Zhao D, Sun X, Xing W, Zhang S, Yan L. External magnetic field have significant effects on diversity of magnetotactic bacteria in sediments from Yangtze River, Chagan Lake and Zhalong Wetland in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 266:115604. [PMID: 37871562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) can rapidly relocate to optimal habitats by magnetotaxis, and play an important role in iron biogeochemical cycling. This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of the external magnetostatic field to the diversity of MTB in freshwater sediments from Yangtze River (Changjiang River, CJ), Chagan Lake (CGH) and Zhalong Wetland (ZL). The magnetic field intensity was tightly associated with the community richness of MTB in CJ, whereas it was closely related to the diversity of MTB in CGH and ZL (p < 0.05), elucidating a significant variation in the community composition of MTB. Magnetic exposure time appeared more significant correlation with community richness than diversity for MTB in CJ and CGH (p < 0.05), while an opposite relationship existed in ZL (p < 0.01). Herbaspirillum (93.81-96.48 %) dominated in the sediments of these surfacewatesr regardless of waterbody types, while it shifted to Magnetospirillum in ZL under 100 Gs magnetic field. The network connectivity and stability of MTB deteriorate with the increase of magnetic field intensity. Functional analysis showed that the Two-component system and ABC transporter system of MTB obviously responded to magnetic field intensity and exposure time. Our findings will pave the way to understanding the response mechanism of MTB community in freshwater sediments to the external magnetostatic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojing Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Low‑Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xindi Sun
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Weijia Xing
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Low‑Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
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4
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Biomineralization and biotechnological applications of bacterial magnetosomes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 216:112556. [PMID: 35605573 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Magnetosomes intracellularly biomineralized by Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are membrane-enveloped nanoparticles of the magnetic minerals magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4). MTB thrive in oxic-anoxic interface and exhibit magnetotaxis due to the presence of magnetosomes. Because of the unique characteristic and bionavigation inspiration of magnetosomes, MTB has been a subject of study focused on by biologists, medical pharmacologists, geologists, and physicists since the discovery. We herein first briefly review the features of MTB and magnetosomes. The recent insights into the process and mechanism for magnetosome biomineralization including iron uptake, magnetosome membrane invagination, iron mineralization and magnetosome chain assembly are summarized in detail. Additionally, the current research progress in biotechnological applications of magnetosomes is also elucidated, such as drug delivery, MRI image contrast, magnetic hyperthermia, wastewater treatment, and cell separation. This review would expand our understanding of biomineralization and biotechnological applications of bacterial magnetosomes.
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5
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Barr CR, Bedrossian M, Lohmann KJ, Nealson KH. Magnetotactic bacteria: concepts, conundrums, and insights from a novel in situ approach using digital holographic microscopy (DHM). J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2022; 208:107-124. [DOI: 10.1007/s00359-022-01543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Busigny V, Mathon FP, Jézéquel D, Bidaud CC, Viollier E, Bardoux G, Bourrand JJ, Benzerara K, Duprat E, Menguy N, Monteil CL, Lefevre CT. Mass collection of magnetotactic bacteria from the permanently stratified ferruginous Lake Pavin, France. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:721-736. [PMID: 33687779 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining high biomass yields of specific microorganisms for culture-independent approaches is a challenge faced by scientists studying organism's recalcitrant to laboratory conditions and culture. This difficulty is highly decreased when studying magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) since their unique behaviour allows their enrichment and purification from other microorganisms present in aquatic environments. Here, we use Lake Pavin, a permanently stratified lake in the French Massif Central, as a natural laboratory to optimize collection and concentration of MTB that thrive in the water column and sediments. A method is presented to separate MTB from highly abundant abiotic magnetic particles in the sediment of this crater lake. For the water column, different sampling approaches are compared such as in situ collection using a Niskin bottle and online pumping. By monitoring several physicochemical parameters of the water column, we identify the ecological niche where MTB live. Then, by focusing our sampling at the peak of MTB abundance, we show that the online pumping system is the most efficient for fast recovering of large volumes of water at a high spatial resolution, which is necessary considering the sharp physicochemical gradients observed in the water column. Taking advantage of aerotactic and magnetic MTB properties, we present an efficient method for MTB concentration from large volumes of water. Our methodology represents a first step for further multidisciplinary investigations of the diversity, metagenomic and ecology of MTB populations in Lake Pavin and elsewhere, as well as chemical and isotopic analyses of their magnetosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Busigny
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris, F-75005, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, 75005, France
| | - François P Mathon
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris, F-75005, France.,Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Didier Jézéquel
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris, F-75005, France.,INRAE & Université Savoie Mont Blanc, UMR CARRTEL, Thonon-les-Bains, 74200, France
| | - Cécile C Bidaud
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, IRD. Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Paris, France
| | - Eric Viollier
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Gérard Bardoux
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Bourrand
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Karim Benzerara
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, IRD. Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Paris, France
| | - Elodie Duprat
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, IRD. Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Menguy
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, IRD. Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Paris, France
| | - Caroline L Monteil
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Christopher T Lefevre
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
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7
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Tan SM, Ismail MH, Cao B. Biodiversity of magnetotactic bacteria in the tropical marine environment of Singapore revealed by metagenomic analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110714. [PMID: 33422504 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most studies on the diversity of magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) have been conducted on samples obtained from the Northern or the Southern hemispheres. The diversity of MTB in tropical Asia near the geo-equator, with a close-to-zero geomagnetic inclination, weak magnetic field and constantly high seawater temperature has never been explored. This study aims to decipher the diversity of MTB in the marine environment of Singapore through shotgun metagenomics. Although MTB has been acknowledged to be ubiquitous in aquatic environments, we did not observe magnetotactic behaviour in the samples. However, we detected the presence and determined the diversity of MTB through bioinformatic analyses. Metagenomic analysis suggested majority of the MTB in the seafloor sediments represents novel MTB taxa that cannot be classified at the species level. The relative abundance of MTB (~0.2-1.69%) in the samples collected from the marine environment of Singapore was found to be substantially lower than studies for other regions. In contrast to other studies, the genera Magnetovibrio and Desulfamplus, but not Magnetococcus, were the dominant MTB. Additionally, we recovered 3 MTB genomic bins that are unclassified at the species level, with Magnetovibrio blakemorei being the closest-associated genome. All the recovered genomic bins contain homologs of at least 5 of the 7 mam genes but lack homologs for mamI, a membrane protein suggested to take part in the magenetosome invagination. This study fills in the knowledge gap of MTB biodiversity in the tropical marine environment near the geo-equator. Our findings will facilitate future research efforts aiming to unravel the ecological roles of MTB in the tropical marine environments as well as to bioprospecting novel MTB that have been adapted to tropical marine environments for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Ming Tan
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, SBS-01N-27, 637551, Singapore
| | - Muhammad Hafiz Ismail
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, SBS-01N-27, 637551, Singapore
| | - Bin Cao
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, SBS-01N-27, 637551, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, N1-01C-69, 639798, Singapore.
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8
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In situ magnetic identification of giant, needle-shaped magnetofossils in Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum sediments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2018169118. [PMID: 33526681 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018169118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-shore marine sediments deposited during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum at Wilson Lake, NJ, contain abundant conventional and giant magnetofossils. We find that giant, needle-shaped magnetofossils from Wilson Lake produce distinct magnetic signatures in low-noise, high-resolution first-order reversal curve (FORC) measurements. These magnetic measurements on bulk sediment samples identify the presence of giant, needle-shaped magnetofossils. Our results are supported by micromagnetic simulations of giant needle morphologies measured from transmission electron micrographs of magnetic extracts from Wilson Lake sediments. These simulations underscore the single-domain characteristics and the large magnetic coercivity associated with the extreme crystal elongation of giant needles. Giant magnetofossils have so far only been identified in sediments deposited during global hyperthermal events and therefore may serve as magnetic biomarkers of environmental disturbances. Our results show that FORC measurements are a nondestructive method for identifying giant magnetofossil assemblages in bulk sediments, which will help test their ecology and significance with respect to environmental change.
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9
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Two Metagenome-Assembled Genome Sequences of Magnetotactic Bacteria in the Order Magnetococcales. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/35/e00363-20. [PMID: 32855242 PMCID: PMC7453278 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00363-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria represent a valuable model system for the study of microbial biomineralization and magnetotaxis. Here, we report two metagenome-assembled genome sequences of uncultivated magnetotactic bacteria belonging to the order Magnetococcales. These genomes contain nearly complete magnetosome gene clusters responsible for magnetosome biomineralization. Magnetotactic bacteria represent a valuable model system for the study of microbial biomineralization and magnetotaxis. Here, we report two metagenome-assembled genome sequences of uncultivated magnetotactic bacteria belonging to the order Magnetococcales. These genomes contain nearly complete magnetosome gene clusters responsible for magnetosome biomineralization.
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10
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Amor M, Mathon FP, Monteil CL, Busigny V, Lefevre CT. Iron-biomineralizing organelle in magnetotactic bacteria: function, synthesis and preservation in ancient rock samples. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:3611-3632. [PMID: 32452098 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are ubiquitous aquatic microorganisms that incorporate iron from their environment to synthesize intracellular nanoparticles of magnetite (Fe3 O4 ) or greigite (Fe3 S4 ) in a genetically controlled manner. Magnetite and greigite magnetic phases allow MTB to swim towards redox transition zones where they thrive. MTB may represent some of the oldest microorganisms capable of synthesizing minerals on Earth and have been proposed to significantly impact the iron biogeochemical cycle by immobilizing soluble iron into crystals that subsequently fossilize in sedimentary rocks. In the present article, we describe the distribution of MTB in the environment and discuss the possible function of the magnetite and greigite nanoparticles. We then provide an overview of the chemical mechanisms leading to iron mineralization in MTB. Finally, we update the methods used for the detection of MTB crystals in sedimentary rocks and present their occurrences in the geological record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Amor
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - François P Mathon
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France.,Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université de Paris, CNRS, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Caroline L Monteil
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Vincent Busigny
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université de Paris, CNRS, Paris, F-75005, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Christopher T Lefevre
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
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11
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Dziuba MV, Zwiener T, Uebe R, Schüler D. Single-step transfer of biosynthetic operons endows a non-magnetotactic Magnetospirillum strain from wetland with magnetosome biosynthesis. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:1603-1618. [PMID: 32079043 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The magnetotactic lifestyle represents one of the most complex traits found in many bacteria from aquatic environments and depends on magnetic organelles, the magnetosomes. Genetic transfer of magnetosome biosynthesis operons to a non-magnetotactic bacterium has only been reported once so far, but it is unclear whether this may also occur in other recipients. Besides magnetotactic species from freshwater, the genus Magnetospirillum of the Alphaproteobacteria also comprises a number of strains lacking magnetosomes, which are abundant in diverse microbial communities. Their close phylogenetic interrelationships raise the question whether the non-magnetotactic magnetospirilla may have the potential to (re)gain a magnetotactic lifestyle upon acquisition of magnetosome gene clusters. Here, we studied the transfer of magnetosome gene operons into several non-magnetotactic environmental magnetospirilla. Single-step transfer of a compact vector harbouring >30 major magnetosome genes from M. gryphiswaldense induced magnetosome biosynthesis in a Magnetospirillum strain from a constructed wetland. However, the resulting magnetic cellular alignment was insufficient for efficient magnetotaxis under conditions mimicking the weak geomagnetic field. Our work provides insights into possible evolutionary scenarios and potential limitations for the dissemination of magnetotaxis by horizontal gene transfer and expands the range of foreign recipients that can be genetically magnetized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Dziuba
- Department of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.,Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Theresa Zwiener
- Department of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rene Uebe
- Department of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Dirk Schüler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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12
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Wang J, Wang C, Li J, Bai P, Li Q, Shen M, Li R, Li T, Zhao J. Comparative Genomics of Degradative Novosphingobium Strains With Special Reference to Microcystin-Degrading Novosphingobium sp. THN1. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2238. [PMID: 30319567 PMCID: PMC6167471 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria in genus Novosphingobium associated with biodegradation of substrates are prevalent in environments such as lakes, soil, sea, wood and sediments. To better understand the characteristics linked to their wide distribution and metabolic versatility, we report the whole genome sequence of Novosphingobium sp. THN1, a microcystin-degrading strain previously isolated by Jiang et al. (2011) from cyanobacteria-blooming water samples from Lake Taihu, China. We performed a genomic comparison analysis of Novosphingobium sp. THN1 with 21 other degradative Novosphingobium strains downloaded from GenBank. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using 16S rRNA genes, core genes, protein-coding sequences, and average nucleotide identity of whole genomes. Orthologous protein analysis showed that the 22 genomes contained 674 core genes and each strain contained a high proportion of distributed genes that are shared by a subset of strains. Inspection of their genomic plasticity revealed a high number of insertion sequence elements and genomic islands that were distributed on both chromosomes and plasmids. We also compared the predicted functional profiles of the Novosphingobium protein-coding genes. The flexible genes and all protein-coding genes produced the same heatmap clusters. The COG annotations were used to generate a dendrogram correlated with the compounds degraded. Furthermore, the metabolic profiles predicted from KEGG pathways showed that the majority of genes involved in central carbon metabolism, nitrogen, phosphate, sulfate metabolism, energy metabolism and cell mobility (above 62.5%) are located on chromosomes. Whereas, a great many of genes involved in degradation pathways (21-50%) are located on plasmids. The abundance and distribution of aromatics-degradative mono- and dioxygenases varied among 22 Novosphingoibum strains. Comparative analysis of the microcystin-degrading mlr gene cluster provided evidence for horizontal acquisition of this cluster. The Novosphingobium sp. THN1 genome sequence contained all the functional genes crucial for microcystin degradation and the mlr gene cluster shared high sequence similarity (≥85%) with the sequences of other microcystin-degrading genera isolated from cyanobacteria-blooming water. Our results indicate that Novosphingobium species have high genomic and functional plasticity, rearranging their genomes according to environment variations and shaping their metabolic profiles by the substrates they are exposed to, to better adapt to their environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jionghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Renhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jindong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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13
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Teng Z, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Pan H, Xu J, Huang H, Xiao T, Wu LF. Diversity and Characterization of Multicellular Magnetotactic Prokaryotes From Coral Reef Habitats of the Paracel Islands, South China Sea. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2135. [PMID: 30271390 PMCID: PMC6142882 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes (MMPs) are ubiquitous in marine environments, the diversity of MMPs in sediments of coral reef ecosystems has rarely been reported. In this study, we made an investigation on the diversity and characteristics of MMPs in sediments at 11 stations in coral reef habitats of the Paracel Islands. The results showed that MMPs were present at nine stations, with spherical mulberry-like MMPs (s-MMPs) found at all stations and ellipsoidal pineapple-like MMPs (e-MMPs) found at seven stations. The maximum abundance of MMPs was 6 ind./cm3. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of one e-MMP species and five s-MMP species including two species of a new genus. The results indicate that coral reef habitats of the Paracel Islands have a high diversity of MMPs that bio-mineralize multiple intracellular chains of iron crystals and play important role in iron cycling in such oligotrophic environment. These observations provide new perspective of the diversity of MMPs in general and expand knowledge of the occurrence of MMPs in coral reef habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojie Teng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongmiao Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianhong Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Qingdao, China
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCB, Marseille, France.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Qingdao, China
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14
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Chen L, Zhang P, Shang W, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Liu F. Enrichment culture of electroactive microorganisms with high magnetic susceptibility enhances the performance of microbial fuel cells. Bioelectrochemistry 2018; 121:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Liang B, Zhang K, Wang LY, Liu JF, Yang SZ, Gu JD, Mu BZ. Different Diversity and Distribution of Archaeal Community in the Aqueous and Oil Phases of Production Fluid From High-Temperature Petroleum Reservoirs. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:841. [PMID: 29755446 PMCID: PMC5934436 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To get a better knowledge on how archaeal communities differ between the oil and aqueous phases and whether environmental factors promote substantial differences on microbial distributions among production wells, we analyzed archaeal communities in oil and aqueous phases from four high-temperature petroleum reservoirs (55–65°C) by using 16S rRNA gene based 454 pyrosequencing. Obvious dissimilarity of the archaeal composition between aqueous and oil phases in each independent production wells was observed, especially in production wells with higher water cut, and diversity in the oil phase was much higher than that in the corresponding aqueous phase. Statistical analysis further showed that archaeal communities in oil phases from different petroleum reservoirs tended to be more similar, but those in aqueous phases were the opposite. In the high-temperature ecosystems, temperature as an environmental factor could have significantly affected archaeal distribution, and archaeal diversity raised with the increase of temperature (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that to get a comprehensive understanding of petroleum reservoirs microbial information both in aqueous and oil phases should be taken into consideration. The microscopic habitats of oil phase, technically the dispersed minuscule water droplets in the oil could be a better habitat that containing the indigenous microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Zhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Dong Gu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Bo-Zhong Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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16
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Zhang X, Liu X, Yang F, Chen L. Pan-Genome Analysis Links the Hereditary Variation of Leptospirillum ferriphilum With Its Evolutionary Adaptation. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:577. [PMID: 29636744 PMCID: PMC5880901 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Niche adaptation has long been recognized to drive intra-species differentiation and speciation, yet knowledge about its relatedness with hereditary variation of microbial genomes is relatively limited. Using Leptospirillum ferriphilum species as a case study, we present a detailed analysis of genomic features of five recognized strains. Genome-to-genome distance calculation preliminarily determined the roles of spatial distance and environmental heterogeneity that potentially contribute to intra-species variation within L. ferriphilum species at the genome level. Mathematical models were further constructed to extrapolate the expansion of L. ferriphilum genomes (an 'open' pan-genome), indicating the emergence of novel genes with new sequenced genomes. The identification of diverse mobile genetic elements (MGEs) (such as transposases, integrases, and phage-associated genes) revealed the prevalence of horizontal gene transfer events, which is an important evolutionary mechanism that provides avenues for the recruitment of novel functionalities and further for the genetic divergence of microbial genomes. Comprehensive analysis also demonstrated that the genome reduction by gene loss in a broad sense might contribute to the observed diversification. We thus inferred a plausible explanation to address this observation: the community-dependent adaptation that potentially economizes the limiting resources of the entire community. Now that the introduction of new genes is accompanied by a parallel abandonment of some other ones, our results provide snapshots on the biological fitness cost of environmental adaptation within the L. ferriphilum genomes. In short, our genome-wide analyses bridge the relation between genetic variation of L. ferriphilum with its evolutionary adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xueduan Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lv Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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17
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He K, Gilder SA, Orsi WD, Zhao X, Petersen N. Constant Flux of Spatial Niche Partitioning through High-Resolution Sampling of Magnetotactic Bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e01382-17. [PMID: 28778897 PMCID: PMC5626982 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01382-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) swim along magnetic field lines in water. They are found in aquatic habitats throughout the world, yet knowledge of their spatial and temporal distribution remains limited. To help remedy this, we took MTB-bearing sediment from a natural pond, mixed the thoroughly homogenized sediment into two replicate aquaria, and then counted three dominant MTB morphotypes (coccus, spirillum, and rod-shaped MTB cells) at a high spatiotemporal sampling resolution: 36 discrete points in replicate aquaria were sampled every ∼30 days over 198 days. Population centers of the MTB coccus and MTB spirillum morphotypes moved in continual flux, yet they consistently inhabited separate locations, displaying significant anticorrelation. Rod-shaped MTB were initially concentrated toward the northern end of the aquaria, but at the end of the experiment, they were most densely populated toward the south. The finding that the total number of MTB cells increased over time during the experiment argues that population reorganization arose from relative changes in cell division and death and not from migration. The maximum net growth rates were 10, 3, and 1 doublings day-1 and average net growth rates were 0.24, 0.11, and 0.02 doublings day-1 for MTB cocci, MTB spirilla, and rod-shaped MTB, respectively; minimum growth rates for all three morphotypes were -0.03 doublings day-1 Our results suggest that MTB cocci and MTB spirilla occupy distinctly different niches: their horizontal positioning in sediment is anticorrelated and under constant flux.IMPORTANCE Little is known about the horizontal distribution of magnetotactic bacteria in sediment or how the distribution changes over time. We therefore measured three dominant magnetotactic bacterium morphotypes at 36 places in two replicate aquaria each month for 7 months. We found that the spatial positioning of population centers changed over time and that the two most abundant morphotypes (MTB cocci and MTB spirilla) occupied distinctly different niches in the aquaria. Maximum and average growth and death rates were quantified for each of the three morphotypes based on 72 sites that were measured six times. The findings provided novel insight into the differential behavior of noncultured magnetotactic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang He
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Stuart A Gilder
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - William D Orsi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nikolai Petersen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
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18
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Amenabar MJ, Shock EL, Roden EE, Peters JW, Boyd ES. Microbial substrate preference dictated by energy demand, not supply. NATURE GEOSCIENCE 2017; 10:577-581. [PMID: 30944580 PMCID: PMC6443248 DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Growth substrates that maximize energy yield are widely thought to be utilized preferentially by microorganisms. However, observed distributions of microorganisms and their activities often deviate from predictions based solely on thermodynamic considerations of substrate energy supply. Here we present observations of the bioenergetics and growth yields of a metabolically flexible, thermophilic strain of the archaeon Acidianus when grown autotrophically on minimal medium with hydrogen (H2) or elemental sulfur (S°) as an electron donor, and S° or ferric iron (Fe3+) as an electron acceptor. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that S°/Fe3+ and H2/Fe3+ yield three- and four-fold more energy per mol electron transferred, respectively, than the H2/S° couple. However, biomass yields in Acidianus cultures provided with H2/S° were eight-fold greater than when provided S°/Fe3+ or H2/Fe3+, indicating the H2/S° redox couple is preferred. Indeed, cells provided with all three growth substrates (H2, Fe3+, and S°) grew preferentially by reduction of S° with H2. We conclude that substrate preference is dictated by differences in the energy demand of electron transfer reactions in Acidianus when grown with different substrates, rather than substrate energy supply.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Everett L. Shock
- School of Earth & Space Exploration and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
- NASA Astrobiology Institute, Mountain View, California
| | - Eric E. Roden
- Department of Geosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- NASA Astrobiology Institute, Mountain View, California
| | - John W. Peters
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Eric S. Boyd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
- NASA Astrobiology Institute, Mountain View, California
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19
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Lin W, Pan Y, Bazylinski DA. Diversity and ecology of and biomineralization by magnetotactic bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 9:345-356. [PMID: 28557300 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) biomineralize intracellular, membrane-bounded crystals of magnetite (Fe3 O4 ) and/or greigite (Fe3 S4 ) called magnetosomes. MTB play important roles in the geochemical cycling of iron, sulfur, nitrogen and carbon. Significantly, they also represent an intriguing model system not just for the study of microbial biomineralization but also for magnetoreception, prokaryotic organelle formation and microbial biogeography. Here we review current knowledge on the ecology of and biomineralization by MTB, with an emphasis on more recent reports of unexpected ecological and phylogenetic findings regarding MTB. In this study, we conducted a search of public metagenomic databases and identified six novel magnetosome gene cluster-containing genomic fragments affiliated with the Deltaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria classes of the Proteobacteria phylum, the Nitrospirae phylum and the Planctomycetes phylum from the deep subseafloor, marine oxygen minimum zone, groundwater biofilm and estuary sediment, thereby extending our knowledge on the diversity and distribution of MTB as well deriving important information as to their ecophysiology. We point out that the increasing availability of sequence data will facilitate researchers to systematically explore the ecology and biomineralization of MTB even further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yongxin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dennis A Bazylinski
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4004, USA
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20
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Kozyaeva VV, Grouzdev DS, Dziuba MV, Kolganova TV, Kuznetsov BB. Diversity of magnetotactic bacteria of the Moskva River. Microbiology (Reading) 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261717010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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21
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Zhang X, Liu X, He Q, Dong W, Zhang X, Fan F, Peng D, Huang W, Yin H. Gene Turnover Contributes to the Evolutionary Adaptation of Acidithiobacillus caldus: Insights from Comparative Genomics. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1960. [PMID: 27999570 PMCID: PMC5138436 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidithiobacillus caldus is an extremely acidophilic sulfur-oxidizer with specialized characteristics, such as tolerance to low pH and heavy metal resistance. To gain novel insights into its genetic complexity, we chosen six A. caldus strains for comparative survey. All strains analyzed in this study differ in geographic origins as well as in ecological preferences. Based on phylogenomic analysis, we clustered the six A. caldus strains isolated from various ecological niches into two groups: group 1 strains with smaller genomes and group 2 strains with larger genomes. We found no obvious intraspecific divergence with respect to predicted genes that are related to central metabolism and stress management strategies between these two groups. Although numerous highly homogeneous genes were observed, high genetic diversity was also detected. Preliminary inspection provided a first glimpse of the potential correlation between intraspecific diversity at the genome level and environmental variation, especially geochemical conditions. Evolutionary genetic analyses further showed evidence that the difference in environmental conditions might be a crucial factor to drive the divergent evolution of A. caldus species. We identified a diverse pool of mobile genetic elements including insertion sequences and genomic islands, which suggests a high frequency of genetic exchange in these harsh habitats. Comprehensive analysis revealed that gene gains and losses were both dominant evolutionary forces that directed the genomic diversification of A. caldus species. For instance, horizontal gene transfer and gene duplication events in group 2 strains might contribute to an increase in microbial DNA content and novel functions. Moreover, genomes undergo extensive changes in group 1 strains such as removal of potential non-functional DNA, which results in the formation of compact and streamlined genomes. Taken together, the findings presented herein show highly frequent gene turnover of A. caldus species that inhabit extremely acidic environments, and shed new light on the contribution of gene turnover to the evolutionary adaptation of acidophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South UniversityChangsha, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Xueduan Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South UniversityChangsha, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN, USA
| | - Weiling Dong
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Fenliang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Deliang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Wenkun Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Huaqun Yin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South UniversityChangsha, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
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22
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Abreu F, Carolina A, Araujo V, Leão P, Silva KT, Carvalho FMD, Cunha ODL, Almeida LG, Geurink C, Farina M, Rodelli D, Jovane L, Pellizari VH, Vasconcelos ATD, Bazylinski DA, Lins U. Culture‐independent characterization of novel psychrophilic magnetotactic cocci from Antarctic marine sediments. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:4426-4441. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Abreu
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro21941‐902Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | | | - V. Araujo
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro21941‐902Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Pedro Leão
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro21941‐902Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Karen Tavares Silva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro21941‐902Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | | | - Oberdan de Lima Cunha
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica25651‐070Petrópolis RJ Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Almeida
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica25651‐070Petrópolis RJ Brazil
| | - Corey Geurink
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Nevada at Las VegasLas Vegas NV89154‐4004 USA
| | - Marcos Farina
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro21941‐902Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Daniel Rodelli
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo05508‐900São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Luigi Jovane
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo05508‐900São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Vivian H. Pellizari
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo05508‐900São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Ana Tereza de Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica25651‐070Petrópolis RJ Brazil
| | - Dennis A. Bazylinski
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Nevada at Las VegasLas Vegas NV89154‐4004 USA
| | - Ulysses Lins
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro21941‐902Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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23
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Revathy T, Jacob JJ, Jayasri MA, Suthindhiran K. Isolation and characterization of Magnetospirillum from saline lagoon. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:109. [PMID: 27263004 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are aquatic prokaryotes that orient themselves to earth's magnetic field with the help of intracellular organelle magnetosomes. Although many species of MTB have been identified, the isolation of MTB is a challenging task due to the lack of systematic isolation procedure and/or commercial media. In this study, we are reporting the isolation of magnetotactic spirillum from the Pulicat lagoon, India using a systematic and selective procedure. Sampling site was chosen on the basis of physicochemical properties of the ecosystem and the catalysed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) analysis of sediment samples. In the current study, a combination of techniques including 'capillary racetrack' Purification and gradient cultivation resulted in the isolation of magnetotactic spirilla from aquatic sediments. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was identified as Magnetospirillum and was designated as Magnetospirillum sp. VITRJS1. The genes responsible for magnetosome formation (mamA, B, E, F, K, M, O, P, Q, T) were successfully detected using PCR amplification. The presence of cbbM gene confirmed that the isolate is chemolithoautotroph and utilises reduced sulphur as an electron source. Furthermore, magnetosomes extracted from VITRJS1 found to be cubo-octahedral in shape and 45 nm in size. Our results indicate that the systematic procedure using sediment analysis, CARD-FISH, and a combination of isolation methods enables the selective and rapid isolation of MTB from aquatic sediment sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Revathy
- Marine Biotechnology and Bioproducts Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jobin John Jacob
- Marine Biotechnology and Bioproducts Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M A Jayasri
- Marine Biotechnology and Bioproducts Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K Suthindhiran
- Marine Biotechnology and Bioproducts Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamilnadu, India.
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Chen YR, Zhang WY, Zhou K, Pan HM, Du HJ, Xu C, Xu JH, Pradel N, Santini CL, Li JH, Huang H, Pan YX, Xiao T, Wu LF. Novel species and expanded distribution of ellipsoidal multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 8:218-226. [PMID: 26711721 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes (MMPs) are a peculiar group of magnetotactic bacteria, each comprising approximately 10-100 cells of the same phylotype. Two morphotypes of MMP have been identified, including several species of globally distributed spherical mulberry-like MMPs (s-MMPs), and two species of ellipsoidal pineapple-like MMPs (e-MMPs) from China (Qingdao and Rongcheng cities). We recently collected e-MMPs from Mediterranean Sea sediments (Six-Fours-les-Plages) and Drummond Island, in the South China Sea. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the MMPs from Six-Fours-les-Plages and the previously reported e-MMP Candidatus Magnetananas rongchenensis have 98.5% sequence identity and are the same species, while the MMPs from Drummond Island appear to be a novel species, having > 7.1% sequence divergence from the most closely related e-MMP, Candidatus Magnetananas tsingtaoensis. Identification of the novel species expands the distribution of e-MMPs to Tropical Zone. Comparison of nine physical and chemical parameters revealed that sand grain size and the content of inorganic nitrogen (nitrate, ammonium and nitrite) in the sediments from Rongcheng City and Six-Fours-les-Plages were similar, and lower than found for sediments from the other two sampling sites. The results of the study reveal broad diversity and wide distribution of e-MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-ran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille cedex 20, F13402, Marseille, France
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wen-yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille cedex 20, F13402, Marseille, France
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Hong-miao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille cedex 20, F13402, Marseille, France
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hai-jian Du
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille cedex 20, F13402, Marseille, France
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian-hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Nathalie Pradel
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille cedex 20, F13402, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, UM110, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Marseille, F-13288, France
| | - Claire-Lise Santini
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille cedex 20, F13402, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCB UMR 7257, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 31, chemin Joseph Aiguier, Marseille CEDEX20, Marseille, F-13402, France
| | - Jin-hua Li
- Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Lab, Key Laboratory of the Earth's Deep Interior, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Yong-xin Pan
- Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Lab, Key Laboratory of the Earth's Deep Interior, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille cedex 20, F13402, Marseille, France
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Long-fei Wu
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille cedex 20, F13402, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCB UMR 7257, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 31, chemin Joseph Aiguier, Marseille CEDEX20, Marseille, F-13402, France
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Spatial isolation and environmental factors drive distinct bacterial and archaeal communities in different types of petroleum reservoirs in China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20174. [PMID: 26838035 PMCID: PMC4738313 DOI: 10.1038/srep20174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the spatial distribution of microbial communities and their drivers in petroleum reservoir environments, we performed pyrosequencing of microbial partial 16S rRNA, derived from 20 geographically separated water-flooding reservoirs, and two reservoirs that had not been flooded, in China. The results indicated that distinct underground microbial communities inhabited the different reservoirs. Compared with the bacteria, archaeal alpha-diversity was not strongly correlated with the environmental variables. The variation of the bacterial and archaeal community compositions was affected synthetically, by the mining patterns, spatial isolation, reservoir temperature, salinity and pH of the formation brine. The environmental factors explained 64.22% and 78.26% of the total variance for the bacterial and archaeal communities, respectively. Despite the diverse community compositions, shared populations (48 bacterial and 18 archaeal genera) were found and were dominant in most of the oilfields. Potential indigenous microorganisms, including Carboxydibrachium, Thermosinus, and Neptunomonas, were only detected in a reservoir that had not been flooded with water. This study indicates that: 1) the environmental variation drives distinct microbial communities in different reservoirs; 2) compared with the archaea, the bacterial communities were highly heterogeneous within and among the reservoirs; and 3) despite the community variation, some microorganisms are dominant in multiple petroleum reservoirs.
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Pradel N, Fuduche M, Ollivier B. Magnetotactic bacteria population in a pristine French Atlantic lagoon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:691-697. [PMID: 26335530 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report for the first time the presence of magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) on the Northeastern Atlantic coast. Microscopy observations indicated a heterogeneous population of MTB morphotypes. The analysis of the 16S rDNA by pyrosequencing technology revealed four operational taxonomic sequence units affiliated within the Magnetococcales order, class Alphaproteobacteria. One of them was closely related to sequences of MTB from the Tunisian coast, central Mediterranean Sea. This work offers information on anew environmental context and on biogeography of MTB, highlights the putative impact that marine currents may have on MTB distribution on Earth, and underlines the role that pristine or polluted areas may play on the structure of the MTB communites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Pradel
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU, MIO, UM 110, 13288, Marseille, cedex 09, France.
- Laboratoire Mixte International Contaminants et Ecosystèmes Marins Sud Méditerranéens (LMI COSYS-Med), Marseille, France.
| | - Maxime Fuduche
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU, MIO, UM 110, 13288, Marseille, cedex 09, France
| | - Bernard Ollivier
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU, MIO, UM 110, 13288, Marseille, cedex 09, France
- Laboratoire Mixte International Contaminants et Ecosystèmes Marins Sud Méditerranéens (LMI COSYS-Med), Marseille, France
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Wang Y, Lin W, Li J, Zhang T, Li Y, Tian J, Gu L, Heyden YV, Pan Y. Characterizing and optimizing magnetosome production ofMagnetospirillumsp. XM-1 isolated from Xi'an City Moat, China. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 362:fnv167. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Du HJ, Chen YR, Zhang R, Pan HM, Zhang WY, Zhou K, Wu LF, Xiao T. Temporal distributions and environmental adaptations of two types of multicellular magnetotactic prokaryote in the sediments of Lake Yuehu, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2015; 7:538-546. [PMID: 25727488 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two morphotypes (spherical and ellipsoidal) of multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes (MMPs) have been reported from the sediments of Lake Yuehu, China. Here, their temporal distributions and their relationships with biogeochemical parameters are studied. Samples were collected at approximately 2-week intervals from two sites (A and B) during the period September 2012 to December 2013. The abundance of MMPs was high in summer and autumn, but low in winter and spring. Furthermore, the peaks in the numbers of the two types of MMPs were sequential, with the highest concentration of the spherical MMPs occurring prior to that of the ellipsoidal MMPs. This may be related to different optimal growth temperatures for the two types. Although the two types of MMP coexisted at both sites, their numbers were different; at most times, spherical MMPs dominated at site A, whereas ellipsoidal MMPs dominated at site B. Geochemical analysis revealed that the environmental conditions at site A varied more than at site B. Compared with the widely distributed spherical MMPs, ellipsoidal MMPs seemed to prefer more stable habitats. This is the first report of the temporal distribution of ellipsoidal MMPs in sediments, suggesting that their environmental adaptations differ from those of spherical MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Du
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100864, China
| | - Yi-Ran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille, F-13402, France
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100864, China
| | - Hong-Miao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille, F-13402, France
| | - Wen-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille, F-13402, France
| | - Ke Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille, F-13402, France
- CNRS, LCB UMR 7257, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13402, France
| | - Tian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille, F-13402, France
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Magnetotactic bacteria as potential sources of bioproducts. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:389-430. [PMID: 25603340 PMCID: PMC4306944 DOI: 10.3390/md13010389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) produce intracellular organelles called magnetosomes which are magnetic nanoparticles composed of magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4) enveloped by a lipid bilayer. The synthesis of a magnetosome is through a genetically controlled process in which the bacterium has control over the composition, direction of crystal growth, and the size and shape of the mineral crystal. As a result of this control, magnetosomes have narrow and uniform size ranges, relatively specific magnetic and crystalline properties, and an enveloping biological membrane. These features are not observed in magnetic particles produced abiotically and thus magnetosomes are of great interest in biotechnology. Most currently described MTB have been isolated from saline or brackish environments and the availability of their genomes has contributed to a better understanding and culturing of these fastidious microorganisms. Moreover, genome sequences have allowed researchers to study genes related to magnetosome production for the synthesis of magnetic particles for use in future commercial and medical applications. Here, we review the current information on the biology of MTB and apply, for the first time, a genome mining strategy on these microorganisms to search for secondary metabolite synthesis genes. More specifically, we discovered that the genome of the cultured MTB Magnetovibrio blakemorei, among other MTB, contains several metabolic pathways for the synthesis of secondary metabolites and other compounds, thereby raising the possibility of the co-production of new bioactive molecules along with magnetosomes by this species.
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Sorty AM, Shaikh NR. Novel co-enrichment method for isolation of magnetotactic bacteria. J Basic Microbiol 2014; 55:520-6. [PMID: 25546328 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201400457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A novel co-enrichment technique was designed for enrichment of magnetotactic bacteria from soil, water, and sediments. Delayed addition of iron uptake inducer and the iron source proved amenable to induce magnetosome synthesis by MTB followed by their separation from consortium using magnetic flux. We successfully enriched and isolated both North seeking as well as South seeking magnetotactic bacteria from Lonar Lake (Buldhana), Moti Lake (Jalna), Ghanewadi Lake (Jalna), Ganesh Lake (Miraj), Rankala Lake (Kolhapur), and industrial metal-contaminated glaying soils (Jalna) and a soil (Karad), (MS, India) exposed to high-voltage electric current. The hanging drop preparations and growth under magnetic stress on low-agar media allowed conformation of magnetotactic behavior of the isolates. Both Gram positive and Gram negative MTB were isolated with diverse morphologies. South seeking population was more predominant. The soil inhabitants showed little dwelling property which was more prominent in case of aquatic inhabitants. The use of in situ pH and salt concentrations during enrichment and isolation found suited. The simultaneous growth of whole consortium in the system ensured the in situ simulation of microenvironment needful for proper growth of fastidious MTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay M Sorty
- PG Department of Microbiology, Yashwantrao Chavan College of Science, Karad (MS), India
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31
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Fuduche M, Postec A, Davidson S, Chauvin JP, Galès G, Hirschler-Réa A, Ollivier B, Wu LF, Pradel N. Diversity of Magnetotactic Bacteria from a French Pristine Mediterranean Area. Curr Microbiol 2014; 70:499-505. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0745-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Barreto DP, Conrad R, Klose M, Claus P, Enrich-Prast A. Distance-decay and taxa-area relationships for bacteria, archaea and methanogenic archaea in a tropical lake sediment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110128. [PMID: 25330320 PMCID: PMC4203765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of of the distribution of microorganisms through space (and time) allows evaluation of biogeographic patterns, like the species-area index (z). Due to their high dispersal ability, high reproduction rates and low rates of extinction microorganisms tend to be widely distributed, and they are thought to be virtually cosmopolitan and selected primarily by environmental factors. Recent studies have shown that, despite these characteristics, microorganisms may behave like larger organisms and exhibit geographical distribution. In this study, we searched patterns of spatial diversity distribution of bacteria and archaea in a contiguous environment. We collected 26 samples of a lake sediment, distributed in a nested grid, with distances between samples ranging from 0.01 m to 1000 m. The samples were analyzed using T-RFLP (Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism) targeting mcrA (coding for a subunit of methyl-coenzyme M reductase) and the genes of Archaeal and Bacterial 16S rRNA. From the qualitative and quantitative results (relative abundance of operational taxonomic units) we calculated the similarity index for each pair to evaluate the taxa-area and distance decay relationship slopes by linear regression. All results were significant, with mcrA genes showing the highest slope, followed by Archaeal and Bacterial 16S rRNA genes. We showed that the microorganisms of a methanogenic community, that is active in a contiguous environment, display spatial distribution and a taxa-area relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi Pedroni Barreto
- Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ralf Conrad
- Max-Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Hessen, Germany
| | - Melanie Klose
- Max-Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Hessen, Germany
| | - Peter Claus
- Max-Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Hessen, Germany
| | - Alex Enrich-Prast
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Water and Environmental Studies, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are widespread, motile, diverse prokaryotes that biomineralize a unique organelle called the magnetosome. Magnetosomes consist of a nano-sized crystal of a magnetic iron mineral that is enveloped by a lipid bilayer membrane. In cells of almost all MTB, magnetosomes are organized as a well-ordered chain. The magnetosome chain causes the cell to behave like a motile, miniature compass needle where the cell aligns and swims parallel to magnetic field lines. MTB are found in almost all types of aquatic environments, where they can account for an important part of the bacterial biomass. The genes responsible for magnetosome biomineralization are organized as clusters in the genomes of MTB, in some as a magnetosome genomic island. The functions of a number of magnetosome genes and their associated proteins in magnetosome synthesis and construction of the magnetosome chain have now been elucidated. The origin of magnetotaxis appears to be monophyletic; that is, it developed in a common ancestor to all MTB, although horizontal gene transfer of magnetosome genes also appears to play a role in their distribution. The purpose of this review, based on recent progress in this field, is focused on the diversity and the ecology of the MTB and also the evolution and transfer of the molecular determinants involved in magnetosome formation.
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34
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Wang Y, Lin W, Li J, Pan Y. Changes of cell growth and magnetosome biomineralization in Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 after ultraviolet-B irradiation. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:397. [PMID: 24391631 PMCID: PMC3867805 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of ultraviolet radiation on microorganisms are of great interest in field of microbiology and planetary sciences. In the present study, we used Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 as a model organism to examine the influence of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on cell growth and magnetite biomineralization of magnetotactic bacteria (MTB). Live AMB-1 cells were exposed to UV-B radiation for 60, 300 and 900 s, which correspond to radiation doses of 120 J/m2, 600 J/m2, and 1800 J/m2, respectively. After irradiation, the amounts of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of the cells were increased, and cell growth was stunted up to ~170 h, depending on the UV-B radiation doses. The UV-B irradiated cells also produced on average more magnetite crystals with larger grain sizes and longer chains, which results in changes of their magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhao Wang
- Biogeomagnetism Group, Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Earth's Deep Interior, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China ; France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Biogeomagnetism Group, Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Earth's Deep Interior, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China ; France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Biogeomagnetism Group, Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Earth's Deep Interior, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China ; France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Yongxin Pan
- Biogeomagnetism Group, Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Earth's Deep Interior, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China ; France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
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35
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Lin W, Bazylinski DA, Xiao T, Wu LF, Pan Y. Life with compass: diversity and biogeography of magnetotactic bacteria. Environ Microbiol 2013; 16:2646-58. [PMID: 24148107 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are unique in their ability to synthesize intracellular nano-sized minerals of magnetite and/or greigite magnetosomes for magnetic orientation. Thus, they provide an excellent model system to investigate mechanisms of biomineralization. MTB play important roles in bulk sedimentary magnetism and have numerous versatile applications in paleoenvironmental reconstructions, and biotechnological and biomedical fields. Significant progress has been made in recent years in describing the composition of MTB communities and distribution through innovative cultivation-dependent and -independent techniques. In this review, the most recent contributions to the field of diversity and biogeography of MTB are summarized and reviewed. Emphasis is on the novel insights into various factors/processes potentially affecting MTB community distribution. An understanding of the present-day biogeography of MTB, and the ruling parameters of their spatial distribution, will eventually help us predict MTB community shifts with environmental changes and assess their roles in global iron cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Biogeomagnetism Group, Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Earth's Deep Interior, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
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