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Jiang Y, Wang Z. Soft wetting: an analytical model for pillar topography- and softness-dependent droplet depinning force. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3593-3601. [PMID: 38530168 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00128a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The extent to which a droplet pins on a textured substrate is determined by the dynamics of the contact line and the liquid-vapor interface. However, the synergistic contribution of contact line sliding and interface distortion to the droplet depinning force remains unknown. More strikingly, current models fail to predict the depinning force per unit length of droplets on soft pillar arrays. Therefore, we fabricate soft pillar arrays with varying geometrical dimensions and mechanical properties and measure the depinning forces per unit length by allowing droplets to evaporate on such substrates. We then analyze the decrease in excess Gibbs free energy of the apparent droplet caused by the detachment of the droplet boundary from the previously pinned pillars. In contrast to prior notions, based on the measured decreases in excess Gibbs free energy, we find that the coefficient, that governs the ratio of interface distortion's contribution to the depinning force to that of the sliding contact line, increases with a decrease in pillar packing density. By considering the combined contribution from contact line sliding, liquid-vapor interface distortion, and pillar deflection, we introduce an analytical model to predict the droplet depinning force per unit length and corroborate the model using experimental data reported in this and prior studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhua Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (Robotics), Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Zhujiang Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (Robotics), Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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2
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Jiang Y, Xu Z, Li B, Li J, Guan D. Soft Wetting: Droplet Receding Contact Angles on Soft Superhydrophobic Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:15401-15408. [PMID: 37857566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite intensive investigations on the droplet receding contact angle on superhydrophobic surfaces, i.e., a key parameter characterizing surface wettability and adhesion, the quantitative correlation between the surface structure mechanical properties (softness) and the droplet receding contact angles remains vague. By systematically varying the geometric dimensions and mechanical properties of soft pillar arrays, we find that the droplet receding contact angles decrease with the decrease in the pillar spring constant. Most surprisingly, the densely packed pillar arrays may result in larger receding contact angles than those on sparsely packed pillars, opposing the understanding of rigid pillar arrays, where the receding contact angles increase with a decrease in the packing density of pillars. This is attributed to the collective effects of capillarity and elasticity, where the energy consumed by the sliding contact line, the energy stored in the distorted liquid-vapor interface, and the energy stored in the deflected pillar contribute to the droplet depinning characteristics. We develop an analytical model to predict the droplet receding contact angles on soft superhydrophobic pillar arrays with knowledge of the material intrinsic receding contact angle, the pillar geometry, and the pillar mechanical properties. The predictions are corroborated by the experimental data measured in this and prior studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhua Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (Robotics), Guangdong Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Zhijia Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (Robotics), Guangdong Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (Robotics), Guangdong Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (Robotics), Guangdong Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Dongshi Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Zhang BX, Wang SL, He X, Yang YR, Wang XD. Dynamic spreading of a water nanodroplet on a nanostructured surface in the presence of an electric field. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Yin Q, Guo Q, Wang Z, Chen Y, Duan H, Cheng P. 3D-Printed Bioinspired Cassie-Baxter Wettability for Controllable Microdroplet Manipulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1979-1987. [PMID: 33351582 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is a great challenge to fabricate a surface with Cassie-Baxter wettability that can be continuously adjusted from hydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity by changing of geometric parameters. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a bioinspired surface fabricated by using a projection micro-stereolithography (PμSL) based 3D printing technique to address the challenge. Independent of materials, the bioinspired textured surface has a maximum contact angle (CA) of 171°, which is even higher than that of the omniphobic springtail skin we try to imitate. Most significantly, we are able to control the CA of the bioinspired surface in the range of 55-171° and the adhesion force from 71 to 99 μN continuously by only changing the geometric parameters of the bioinspired microstructures. The underlying mechanisms of the CA control of our bioinspired surface are also revealed by using a multi-phase lattice Boltzmann model. Furthermore, we demonstrate potential applications in droplet-based microreactors, nonloss water transportation, and coalescence of water droplets by employing our 3D-printed bioinspired structures with their remarkable precise Cassie-Baxter wettability control and petal effects. The present results potentially pave a new way for designing next generation functional surfaces for microdroplet manipulation, droplet-based biodetection, antifouling surfaces, and cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Yin
- National Research Center for High-Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Qing Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Zhaolong Wang
- National Research Center for High-Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yiqin Chen
- National Research Center for High-Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Huigao Duan
- National Research Center for High-Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Ping Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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Kumar M, Bhardwaj R, Sahu KC. Wetting Dynamics of a Water Droplet on Micropillar Surfaces with Radially Varying Pitches. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5312-5323. [PMID: 32356997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The wetting dynamics of a sessile droplet on square micropillar substrates with radially varying pitches, prepared on silicon wafers using a photolithography technique, is investigated experimentally. Two configurations are considered, namely, substrates with radially increasing pitch and radially decreasing pitch. The droplet initially placed at the center experiences a wettability gradient because of the variation in pitch of the micropillar substrate leading to complex wetting dynamics. We observed that the droplet remains in the Cassie-Baxter state in the case of a radially increasing pitch and exhibits a higher contact angle than that on a smooth surface during its spreading stage. In contrast, the droplet experiences the Wenzel condition in the case of a radially decreasing pitch and assumes a lower contact angle relative to that observed on a smooth surface. The wetted diameter of the droplet in the radially decreasing pitch configuration is found to be smaller than that observed in the radially increasing pitch configuration. Our study also reveals that increasing the size of the pillars increases the wetted diameter of the droplet in both configurations. Theoretical models developed using the Cassie-Baxter and Wenzel states for the radially increasing and radially decreasing pitches satisfactorily predict the experimental behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Rajneesh Bhardwaj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Kirti Chandra Sahu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502 285, Telangana, India
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Yan M, Li T, Zheng P, Wei R, Jiang Y, Li H. Wetting state transition of a liquid gallium drop at the nanoscale. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:11809-11816. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00985g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Wetting state transition regulated by surface roughness has increasing importance for its wide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yan
- Key Laboratory for Liquid–Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid–Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| | - Peiru Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Liquid–Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| | - Rubin Wei
- Key Laboratory for Liquid–Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid–Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid–Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
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Evaporation of ethanol/water mixture droplets on a pillar-like PDMS surface. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mu L, Yoshikawa HN, Zoueshtiagh F, Ogawa T, Motosuke M, Ueno I. Quick Liquid Propagation on a Linear Array of Micropillars. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:9139-9145. [PMID: 31203626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The wetting process of a high energy surface can be accelerated locally through the capillary interaction of a liquid advancing front with a micro-object introduced to the surface (Mu et al., J. Fluid Mech, 2017, 830, R1). We demonstrate that a linear array of micropillars embedded in a fully wettable substrate can produce quick propagation of liquid along the array. It is observed that multiple interactions of a liquid front with pillars can induce the motion of liquid a hundred times faster than in the absence of pillars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhong Mu
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Ganjinzi District, Dalian 116024 , China
- Research Institute for Science & Technology , Tokyo University of Science , 2641 Yamazaki, Noda , Chiba 278-8510 , Japan
| | - Harunori N Yoshikawa
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Nice , 06100 Nice , France
| | - Farzam Zoueshtiagh
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Univ. Valenciennes, UMR 8520-IEMN , F-59000 Lille , France
| | - Tetsuya Ogawa
- Division of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Science & Technology , Tokyo University of Science , 2641 Yamazaki, Noda , Chiba 278-8510 , Japan
| | - Masahiro Motosuke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Tokyo University of Science , 6-3-1 Niijuku , Katsushika , Tokyo 125-8585 , Japan
| | - Ichiro Ueno
- Department Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Science , 2641 Yamazaki , Noda, Chiba 278-8510 , Japan
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Liu J, Li S. Capillarity-driven migration of small objects: A critical review. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:1. [PMID: 30612222 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The phenomena on the capillarity-driven migration of small objects are full of interest for both scientific and engineering communities, and a critical review is thereby presented. The small objects mentioned here deal with the non-deformable objects, such as particles, rods, disks and metal sheets; and besides them, the soft objects are considered, such as droplets and bubbles. Two types of interfaces are analyzed, i.e., the solid-fluid interface and the fluid-fluid interface. Due to the easily deformable properties of the soft objects and distorted interfacial shapes induced by small objects, a more convenient way to obtain the driving force is through the potential energy of the system. The asymmetric factors causing the object migration include the asymmetric configuration of the interface, and the difference between the interfacial tensions. Finally, a simple outlook on the potential applications of small object migration is made. These behaviors may cast new light on the design of microfluidics and new devices, environment cleaning, oil and gas displacement and mineral industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Liu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 266580, Qingdao, China.
| | - Shanpeng Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 266580, Qingdao, China
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Zhao L, Cheng J. The mechanism and universal scaling law of the contact line friction for the Cassie-state droplets on nanostructured ultrahydrophobic surfaces. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:6426-6436. [PMID: 29564459 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00354h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Besides the Wenzel state, liquid droplets on micro/nanostructured surfaces can stay in the Cassie state and consequently exhibit intriguing characteristics such as a large contact angle, small contact angle hysteresis and exceptional mobility. Here we report molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the wetting dynamics of Cassie-state water droplets on nanostructured ultrahydrophobic surfaces with an emphasis on the genesis of the contact line friction (CLF). From an ab initio perspective, CLF can be ascribed to the collective effect of solid-liquid retarding and viscous damping. Solid-liquid retarding is related to the work of adhesion, whereas viscous damping arises from the viscous force exerted on the liquid molecules within the three-phase (liquid/vapor/solid) contact zone. In this work, a universal scaling law is derived to generalize the CLF on nanostructured ultrahydrophobic surfaces. With the decreasing fraction of solid-liquid contact (i.e., the solid fraction), CLF for a Cassie-state droplet gets enhanced due to the fact that viscous damping is counter-intuitively intensified while solid-liquid retarding remains unchanged. Nevertheless, the overall friction between a Cassie-state droplet and the structured surface is indeed reduced since the air cushion formed in the interstices of the surface roughness underneath the Cassie-state droplet applies negligible resistance to the contact line. Our results have revealed the genesis of CLF from an ab initio perspective, demonstrated the effects of surface structures on a moving contact line and justified the critical role of CLF in the analysis of wetting-related situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Jiangtao Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Chowdhury SS, Pandey PR, Kumar R, Roy S. Effect of shape of protrusions and roughness on the hydrophilicity of a surface. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Molecular origin of contact line stick-slip motion during droplet evaporation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17521. [PMID: 26628084 PMCID: PMC4667246 DOI: 10.1038/srep17521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding and controlling the motion of the contact line is of critical importance for surface science studies as well as many industrial engineering applications. In this work, we elucidate the molecular origin of contact line stick-slip motion during the evaporation of liquid droplets on flexible nano-pillared surfaces using molecular dynamics simulations. We demonstrate that the evaporation-induced stick-slip motion of the contact line is a consequence of competition between pinning and depinning forces. Furthermore, the tangential force exerted by the pillared substrate on the contact line was observed to have a sawtooth-like oscillation. Our analysis also establishes that variations in the pinning force are accomplished through the self-adaptation of solid-liquid intermolecular distances, especially for liquid molecules sitting directly on top of the solid pillar. Consistent with our theoretical analysis, molecular dynamics simulations also show that the maximum pinning force is quantitatively related to both solid-liquid adhesion strength and liquid-vapor surface tension. These observations provide a fundamental understanding of contact line stick-slip motion on pillared substrates and also give insight into the microscopic interpretations of contact angle hysteresis, wetting transitions and dynamic spreading.
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14
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Li X, He Y, Wang Y, Dong J, Li H. Dewetting properties of metallic liquid film on nanopillared graphene. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3938. [PMID: 24487279 PMCID: PMC3909898 DOI: 10.1038/srep03938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report simulation evidence that the graphene surface decorated by carbon nanotube pillars shows strong dewettability, which can give it great advantages in dewetting and detaching metallic nanodroplets on the surfaces. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show that the ultrathin liquid film first contracts then detaches from the graphene on a time scale of several nanoseconds, as a result of the inertial effect. The detaching velocity is in the order of 10 m/s for the droplet with radii smaller than 50 nm. Moreover, the contracting and detaching behaviors of the liquid film can be effectively controlled by tuning the geometric parameters of the liquid film or pillar. In addition, the temperature effects on the dewetting and detaching of the metallic liquid film are also discussed. Our results show that one can exploit and effectively control the dewetting properties of metallic nanodroplets by decorating the surfaces with nanotube pillars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongying Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
| | - Yezeng He
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
| | - Jichen Dong
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
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