1
|
Liu Q, Bao H, Zhang S, Li C, Sun G, Sun X, Fu T, Wang Y, Liang P. MicroRNA-522-3p promotes brain metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer by targeting Tensin 1 and modulating blood-brain barrier permeability. Exp Cell Res 2024; 442:114199. [PMID: 39103070 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Brain metastases account for more than 50 % of intracranial central nervous system tumors. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is mainly composed of endothelial cells, which exhibit low endocytosis and high efflux pumps. Although they are connected by continuous tight junctions and serve as a protective insulation, the BBB does not prevent the development of brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Improving understanding on the mechanisms underlying the development of brain metastasis and the differential molecular characteristics relative to the primary tumor are therefore key in the treatment of brain metastases. This study evaluated the differential expression of miR-522-3p in NSCLC and brain metastases using the Gene Expression Omnibus database. NSCLC brain metastasis model was constructed to screen for cell lines that demonstrated high potential for brain metastasis; We also observed differential expression of miRNA-522-3p in the paraffin-embedded specimens of non-small cell lung cancer and brain metastases from our hospital. The molecular biological functions of miRNA-522-3p were verified using 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) proliferation assay and Transwell invasion assays. RNA-seq was employed to identify downstream target proteins, and the dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed Tensin 1 (TNS1), a protein that links the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix, as the downstream regulatory target protein. In vitro blood-brain barrier models and co-culture models were constructed to further identify the role of miRNA-522-3p and TNS1; the expression of BBB-related proteins (ZO-1 and OLCN) was also identified. In vivo experiments were performed to verify the effects of miRNA-522-3p on the time and incidence of NSCLC brain metastasis. The results showed significantly high expression in GSE51666; consistent results were obtained in brain metastasis cells and paraffin samples. RNA-seq combined with miRNA target protein prediction demonstrated TNS1 to be directly downstream of miR-522-3p and to be associated with cell proliferation and invasion. By regulating ZO-1 and OCLN expression, mi-522-3p/TNS1 may increase tumor cell penetration through the BBB while decreasing its permeability. In vivo, miR-522-3p was further demonstrated to significantly promote the formation of brain metastases. miR-522-3p/TNS1 can affect BBB permeability and encourage the growth of brain metastases by modifying the BBB TJ proteins. This axis offers new therapeutic targets for the prevention of brain metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hongbo Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Sibin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Chenlong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Guiyin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Tianjiao Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Beylerli O, Shi H, Begliarzade S, Shumadalova A, Ilyasova T, Sufianov A. MiRNAs as new potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in brain metastasis. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:678-686. [PMID: 38577014 PMCID: PMC10987301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases represent a formidable challenge in cancer management, impacting a significant number of patients and contributing significantly to cancer-related mortality. Conventional diagnostic methods frequently fall short, underscoring the imperative for non-invasive alternatives. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), specifically microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), present promising avenues for exploration. These ncRNAs exert influence over the prognosis and treatment resistance of brain metastases, offering valuable insights into underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Dysregulated ncRNAs have been identified in brain metastases originating from various primary cancers, unveiling opportunities for intervention and prevention. The analysis of ncRNA expression in bodily fluids, such as serum and cerebrospinal fluid, provides a noninvasive means to differentiate brain metastases from primary tumors. NcRNAs, particularly miRNAs, assume a pivotal role in orchestrating the immune response within the brain microenvironment. MiRNAs exhibit promise in diagnosing brain metastases, effectively distinguishing between normal and cancer cells, and pinpointing the tissue of origin for metastatic brain tumors. The manipulation of miRNAs holds substantial potential in cancer treatment, offering the prospect of reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy. Given the limited treatment options and the formidable threat of brain metastases in cancer patients, non-coding RNAs, especially miRNAs, emerge as beacons of hope, serving as both diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets. Further clinical studies are imperative to validate the specificity and sensitivity of ncRNAs, potentially reshaping approaches to tackle this challenge and elevate treatment outcomes for affected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozal Beylerli
- Central Research Laboratory, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 3 Lenin Street, 450008, Russia
| | - Huaizhang Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Sema Begliarzade
- Department of Oncology, Radiology and Radiotherapy, Tyumen State Medical University, 54 Odesskaya Street, 625023, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Alina Shumadalova
- Department of General Chemistry, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 3 Lenin Street, 450008, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ilyasova
- Department of Internal Diseases, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008, Russia
| | - Albert Sufianov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119992, Russia
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, 117198, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sereno M, Hernandez de Córdoba I, Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez G, Casado E. Brain metastases and lung cancer: molecular biology, natural history, prediction of response and efficacy of immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1297988. [PMID: 38283359 PMCID: PMC10811213 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1297988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases stemming from lung cancer represent a common and challenging complication that significantly impacts patients' overall health. The migration of these cancerous cells from lung lesions to the central nervous system is facilitated by diverse molecular changes and a specific environment that supports their affinity for neural tissues. The advent of immunotherapy and its varied combinations in non-small cell lung cancer has notably improved patient survival rates, even in cases involving brain metastases. These therapies exhibit enhanced penetration into the central nervous system compared to traditional chemotherapy. This review outlines the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of brain metastases in lung cancer and explores the efficacy of novel immunotherapy approaches and their combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sereno
- Medical Oncology Department, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Fundación para la Innovación e Investigación Biomédica (FIIB) Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía (HUIS) Hospital de Henares (HHEN), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño Investigación Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA), Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Clinical Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gerardo Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez
- European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Fundación para la Innovación e Investigación Biomédica (FIIB) Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía (HUIS) Hospital de Henares (HHEN), Madrid, Spain
- Neurology Department, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Casado
- Medical Oncology Department, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Fundación para la Innovación e Investigación Biomédica (FIIB) Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía (HUIS) Hospital de Henares (HHEN), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño Investigación Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA), Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Clinical Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martinez-Espinosa I, Serrato JA, Ortiz-Quintero B. The Role of Exosome-Derived microRNA on Lung Cancer Metastasis Progression. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1574. [PMID: 38002256 PMCID: PMC10669807 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The high mortality from lung cancer is mainly attributed to the presence of metastases at the time of diagnosis. Despite being the leading cause of lung cancer death, the underlying molecular mechanisms driving metastasis progression are still not fully understood. Recent studies suggest that tumor cell exosomes play a significant role in tumor progression through intercellular communication between tumor cells, the microenvironment, and distant organs. Furthermore, evidence shows that exosomes release biologically active components to distant sites and organs, which direct metastasis by preparing metastatic pre-niche and stimulating tumorigenesis. As a result, identifying the active components of exosome cargo has become a critical area of research in recent years. Among these components are microRNAs, which are associated with tumor progression and metastasis in lung cancer. Although research into exosome-derived microRNA (exosomal miRNAs) is still in its early stages, it holds promise as a potential target for lung cancer therapy. Understanding how exosomal microRNAs promote metastasis will provide evidence for developing new targeted treatments. This review summarizes current research on exosomal miRNAs' role in metastasis progression mechanisms, focusing on lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Blanca Ortiz-Quintero
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine and Translational Research, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City CP 14080, Mexico; (I.M.-E.); (J.A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Beylerli O, Encarnacion Ramirez MDJ, Shumadalova A, Ilyasova T, Zemlyanskiy M, Beilerli A, Montemurro N. Cell-Free miRNAs as Non-Invasive Biomarkers in Brain Tumors. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2888. [PMID: 37761255 PMCID: PMC10529040 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnosing brain tumors, especially malignant variants, such as glioblastoma, medulloblastoma, or brain metastasis, presents a considerable obstacle, while current treatment methods often yield unsatisfactory results. The monitoring of individuals with brain neoplasms becomes burdensome due to the intricate tumor nature and associated risks of tissue biopsies, compounded by the restricted accuracy and sensitivity of presently available non-invasive diagnostic techniques. The uncertainties surrounding diagnosis and the tumor's reaction to treatment can lead to delays in critical determinations that profoundly influence the prognosis of the disease. Consequently, there exists a pressing necessity to formulate and validate dependable, minimally invasive biomarkers that can effectively diagnose and predict brain tumors. Cell-free microRNAs (miRNAs), which remain stable and detectable in human bodily fluids, such as blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), have emerged as potential indicators for a range of ailments, brain tumors included. Numerous investigations have showcased the viability of profiling cell-free miRNA expression in both CSF and blood samples obtained from patients with brain tumors. Distinct miRNAs demonstrate varying expression patterns within CSF and blood. While cell-free microRNAs in the blood exhibit potential in diagnosing, prognosticating, and monitoring treatment across diverse tumor types, they fall short in effectively diagnosing brain tumors. Conversely, the cell-free miRNA profile within CSF demonstrates high potential in delivering precise and specific evaluations of brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozal Beylerli
- Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Mikhail Zemlyanskiy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Podolsk Regional Hospital, 141110 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aferin Beilerli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tyumen State Medical University, 625000 Tyumen, Russia
| | - Nicola Montemurro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Souza VGP, de Araújo RP, Santesso MR, Seneda AL, Minutentag IW, Felix TF, Hamamoto Filho PT, Pewarchuk ME, Brockley LJ, Marchi FA, Lam WL, Drigo SA, Reis PP. Advances in the Molecular Landscape of Lung Cancer Brain Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:722. [PMID: 36765679 PMCID: PMC9913505 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most frequent tumors that metastasize to the brain. Brain metastasis (BM) is common in advanced cases, being the major cause of patient morbidity and mortality. BMs are thought to arise via the seeding of circulating tumor cells into the brain microvasculature. In brain tissue, the interaction with immune cells promotes a microenvironment favorable to the growth of cancer cells. Despite multimodal treatments and advances in systemic therapies, lung cancer patients still have poor prognoses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify the molecular drivers of BM and clinically applicable biomarkers in order to improve disease outcomes and patient survival. The goal of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge on the mechanisms of the metastatic spread of lung cancer to the brain and how the metastatic spread is influenced by the brain microenvironment, and to elucidate the molecular determinants of brain metastasis regarding the role of genomic and transcriptomic changes, including coding and non-coding RNAs. We also present an overview of the current therapeutics and novel treatment strategies for patients diagnosed with BM from NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa G. P. Souza
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Experimental Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Rachel Paes de Araújo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Experimental Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Mariana R. Santesso
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Experimental Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Seneda
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Experimental Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Iael W. Minutentag
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Experimental Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Tainara Francini Felix
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Experimental Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Pedro Tadao Hamamoto Filho
- Department of Neurology, Psychology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | | | - Liam J. Brockley
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Fábio A. Marchi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Wan L. Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Sandra A. Drigo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Experimental Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Patricia P. Reis
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Experimental Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Brain metastases (BMs) often occur in patients with lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma and are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The incidence of BM has increased with advanced neuroimaging and prolonged overall survival of cancer patients. With the advancement of local treatment modalities, including stereotactic radiosurgery and navigation-guided microsurgery, BM can be controlled long-term, even in cases with multiple lesions. However, radiation/chemotherapeutic agents are also toxic to the brain, usually irreversibly and cumulatively, and it remains difficult to completely cure BM. Thus, we must understand the molecular events that begin and sustain BM to develop effective targeted therapies and tools to prevent local and distant treatment failure. BM most often spreads hematogenously, and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents the first hurdle for disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) entering the brain parenchyma. Nevertheless, how the DTCs cross the BBB and settle on relatively infertile central nervous system tissue remains unknown. Even after successfully taking up residence in the brain, the unique tumor microenvironment is marked by restricted aerobic glycolysis metabolism and limited lymphocyte infiltration. Brain organotropism, certain phenotype of primary cancers that favors brain metastasis, may result from somatic mutation or epigenetic modulation. Recent studies revealed that exosome secretion from primary cancer or over-expression of proteolytic enzymes can "pre-condition" brain vasculoendothelial cells. The concept of the "metastatic niche," where resident DTCs remain dormant and protected from systemic chemotherapy and antigen exposure before proliferation, is supported by clinical observation of BM in patients clearing systemic cancer and experimental evidence of the interaction between cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. This review examines extant research on the metastatic cascade of BM through the molecular events that create and sustain BM to reveal clues that can assist the development of effective targeted therapies that treat established BMs and prevent BM recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Shin Gwak
- Department of Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Coley AB, DeMeis JD, Chaudhary NY, Borchert GM. Small Nucleolar Derived RNAs as Regulators of Human Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1819. [PMID: 36009366 PMCID: PMC9404758 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, RNA fragments derived from full-length small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) have been shown to be specifically excised and functional. These sno-derived RNAs (sdRNAs) have been implicated as gene regulators in a multitude of cancers, controlling a variety of genes post-transcriptionally via association with the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). In this review, we have summarized the literature connecting sdRNAs to cancer gene regulation. SdRNAs possess miRNA-like functions and are able to fill the role of tumor-suppressing or tumor-promoting RNAs in a tissue context-dependent manner. Indeed, there are many miRNAs that are actually derived from snoRNA transcripts, meaning that they are truly sdRNAs and as such are included in this review. As sdRNAs are frequently discarded from ncRNA analyses, we emphasize that sdRNAs are functionally relevant gene regulators and likely represent an overlooked subclass of miRNAs. Based on the evidence provided by the papers reviewed here, we propose that sdRNAs deserve more extensive study to better understand their underlying biology and to identify previously overlooked biomarkers and therapeutic targets for a multitude of human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bishop Coley
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (A.B.C.); (J.D.D.); (N.Y.C.)
| | - Jeffrey David DeMeis
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (A.B.C.); (J.D.D.); (N.Y.C.)
| | - Neil Yash Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (A.B.C.); (J.D.D.); (N.Y.C.)
| | - Glen Mark Borchert
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (A.B.C.); (J.D.D.); (N.Y.C.)
- School of Computing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Siegl F, Vecera M, Roskova I, Smrcka M, Jancalek R, Kazda T, Slaby O, Sana J. The Significance of MicroRNAs in the Molecular Pathology of Brain Metastases. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143386. [PMID: 35884446 PMCID: PMC9322877 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases are the most frequent intracranial tumors in adults and the cause of death in almost one-fourth of cases. The incidence of brain metastases is steadily increasing. The main reason for this increase could be the introduction of new and more efficient therapeutic strategies that lead to longer survival but, at the same time, cause a higher risk of brain parenchyma infiltration. In addition, the advances in imaging methodology, which provide earlier identification of brain metastases, may also be a reason for the higher recorded number of patients with these tumors. Metastasis is a complex biological process that is still largely unexplored, influenced by many factors and involving many molecules. A deeper understanding of the process will allow the discovery of more effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that could improve the quality and length of patient survival. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are essential molecules that are involved in specific steps of the metastatic cascade. MiRNAs are endogenously expressed small non-coding RNAs that act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and thus regulate most cellular processes. The dysregulation of these molecules has been implicated in many cancers, including brain metastases. Therefore, miRNAs represent promising diagnostic molecules and therapeutic targets in brain metastases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the importance of miRNAs in brain metastasis, focusing on their involvement in the metastatic cascade and their potential clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Siegl
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (F.S.); (M.V.); (O.S.)
| | - Marek Vecera
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (F.S.); (M.V.); (O.S.)
| | - Ivana Roskova
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (I.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Martin Smrcka
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (I.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Radim Jancalek
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Annes University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Tomas Kazda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (F.S.); (M.V.); (O.S.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Sana
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (F.S.); (M.V.); (O.S.)
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-549-495-246
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ghafouri-Fard S, Shirvani-Farsani Z, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Jalili Khoshnoud R. Emerging role of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of KRAS. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:68. [PMID: 35139853 PMCID: PMC8827276 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Kirsten ras oncogene KRAS is a member of the small GTPase superfamily participating in the RAS/MAPK pathway. A single amino acid substitution in KRAS gene has been shown to activate the encoded protein resulting in cell transformation. This oncogene is involved in the malignant transformation in several tissues. Notably, numerous non-coding RNAs have been found to interact with KRAS protein. Such interaction results in a wide array of human disorders, particularly cancers. Orilnc1, KIMAT1, SLCO4A1-AS1, LINC01420, KRAS1P, YWHAE, PART1, MALAT1, PCAT-1, lncRNA-NUTF2P3-001 and TP53TG1 are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) whose interactions with KRAS have been verified in the context of cancer. miR-143, miR-96, miR-134 and miR-126 have also been shown to interact with KRAS in different tissues. Finally, circITGA7, circ_GLG1, circFNTA and circ-MEMO1 are examples of circular RNAs (circRNAs) that interact with KRAS. In this review, we describe the interaction between KRAS and lncRNAs, miRNAs and circRNAs, particularly in the context of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Shirvani-Farsani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany. .,Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Jalili Khoshnoud
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hu Y, Tao W. Microenvironmental Variations After Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:750810. [PMID: 34899180 PMCID: PMC8662751 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.750810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is linked to several pathologies. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown is considered to be one of the initial changes. Further, the microenvironmental alteration following TBI-induced BBB breakdown can be multi-scaled, constant, and dramatic. The microenvironmental variations after disruption of BBB includes several pathological changes, such as cerebral blood flow (CBF) alteration, brain edema, cerebral metabolism imbalances, and accumulation of inflammatory molecules. The modulation of the microenvironment presents attractive targets for TBI recovery, such as reducing toxic substances, inhibiting inflammation, and promoting neurogenesis. Herein, we briefly review the pathological alterations of the microenvironmental changes following BBB breakdown and outline potential interventions for TBI recovery based on microenvironmental modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Baghbani E, Noorolyai S, Duijf PHG, Silvestris N, Kolahian S, Hashemzadeh S, Baghbanzadeh Kojabad A, FallahVazirabad A, Baradaran B. The impact of microRNAs on myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:668-678. [PMID: 34020831 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation promotes cancer development. To a large extent, this can be attributed to the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to tumors. These cells are known for establishing an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by suppressing T cell activities. However, MDSCs also promote metastasis and angiogenesis. Critically, as small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, microRNAs (miRNAs) control MDSC activities. In this review, we discuss how miRNA networks regulate key MDSC signaling pathways, how they shape MDSC development, differentiation and activation, and how this impacts tumor development. By targeting the expression of miRNAs in MDSCs, we can alter their main signaling pathways. In turn, this can compromise their ability to promote multiple hallmarks of cancer. Therefore, this may represent a new powerful strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Baghbani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Noorolyai
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pascal H G Duijf
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia; University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- IRCCS Bari, Italy. Medical Oncology Unit-IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology DIMO-University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Saeed Kolahian
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Shahryar Hashemzadeh
- General and Vascular Surgery Department, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shu L, Wang D, Saba NF, Chen ZG. A Historic Perspective and Overview of H-Ras Structure, Oncogenicity, and Targeting. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 19:999-1007. [PMID: 32241873 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
H-Ras is a unique isoform of the Ras GTPase family, one of the most prominently mutated oncogene families across the cancer landscape. Relative to other isoforms, though, mutations of H-Ras account for the smallest proportion of mutant Ras cancers. Yet, in recent years, there have been renewed efforts to study this isoform, especially as certain H-Ras-driven cancers, like those of the head and neck, have become more prominent. Important advances have therefore been made not only in the understanding of H-Ras structural biology but also in approaches designed to inhibit and impair its signaling activity. In this review, we outline historic and present initiatives to elucidate the mechanisms of H-Ras-dependent tumorigenesis as well as highlight ongoing developments in the quest to target this critical oncogene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Shu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Zhuo G Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hoye ML, Archambault AS, Gordon TM, Oetjen LK, Cain MD, Klein RS, Crosby SD, Kim BS, Miller TM, Wu GF. MicroRNA signature of central nervous system-infiltrating dendritic cells in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Immunology 2018; 155:112-122. [PMID: 29749614 PMCID: PMC6099169 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells are integral to the pathogenesis of several diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), including multiple sclerosis (MS). Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent CD11c+ antigen-presenting cells that are critical regulators of adaptive immune responses, particularly in autoimmune diseases such as MS. The regulation of DC function in both the periphery and CNS compartment has not been fully elucidated. One limitation to studying the role of CD11c+ DCs in the CNS is that microglia can upregulate CD11c during inflammation, making it challenging to distinguish bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) from microglia. Selective expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been shown to distinguish populations of innate cells and regulate their function within the CNS during neuro-inflammation. Using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) murine model of MS, we characterized the expression of miRNAs in CD11c+ cells using a non-biased murine array. Several miRNAs, including miR-31, were enriched in CD11c+ cells within the CNS during EAE, but not LysM+ microglia. Moreover, to distinguish CD11c+ DCs from microglia that upregulate CD11c, we generated bone marrow chimeras and found that miR-31 expression was specific to BMDCs. Interestingly, miR-31-binding sites were enriched in mRNAs downregulated in BMDCs that migrated into the CNS, and a subset was confirmed to be regulated by miR-31. Finally, miR-31 was elevated in DCs migrating through an in vitro blood-brain barrier. Our findings suggest miRNAs, including miR-31, may regulate entry of DCs into the CNS during EAE, and could potentially represent therapeutic targets for CNS autoimmune diseases such as MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariah L. Hoye
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMOUSA
| | | | - Taylor M. Gordon
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMOUSA
| | - Landon K. Oetjen
- Department of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMOUSA
| | - Matthew D. Cain
- Department of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMOUSA
| | - Robyn S. Klein
- Department of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMOUSA
- The Hope Center for Neurological DisordersWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMOUSA
| | - Seth D. Crosby
- Genome Technology Access CenterWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMOUSA
| | - Brian S. Kim
- Department of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMOUSA
- Department of Immunology & PathologyWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMOUSA
- Center for the Study of ItchWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMOUSA
| | - Timothy M. Miller
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMOUSA
- The Hope Center for Neurological DisordersWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMOUSA
| | - Gregory F. Wu
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMOUSA
- The Hope Center for Neurological DisordersWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMOUSA
- Department of Immunology & PathologyWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMOUSA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pedrosa RMSM, Mustafa DAM, Aerts JGJV, Kros JM. Potential Molecular Signatures Predictive of Lung Cancer Brain Metastasis. Front Oncol 2018; 8:159. [PMID: 29868480 PMCID: PMC5958181 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases are the most common tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Incidence rates vary according to primary tumor origin, whereas the majority of the cerebral metastases arise from primary tumors in the lung (40-50%). Brain metastases from lung cancer can occur concurrently or within months after lung cancer diagnosis. Survival rates after lung cancer brain metastasis diagnosis remain poor, to an utmost of 10 months. Therefore, prevention of brain metastasis is a critical concern in order to improve survival among cancer patients. Although several studies have been made in order to disclose the genetic and molecular mechanisms associated with CNS metastasis, the precise mechanisms that govern the CNS metastasis from lung cancer are yet to be clarified. The ability to forecast, which patients have a higher risk of brain metastasis occurrence, would aid cancer management approaches to diminish or prevent the development of brain metastasis and improve the clinical outcome for such patients. In this work, we revise genetic and molecular targets suitable for prediction of lung cancer CNS disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dana A M Mustafa
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Johan M Kros
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Masliah-Planchon J, Garinet S, Pasmant E. RAS-MAPK pathway epigenetic activation in cancer: miRNAs in action. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38892-38907. [PMID: 26646588 PMCID: PMC5122439 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved RAS-mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is involved in a wide range of cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation, and survival. Somatic mutations in genes encoding RAS-MAPK components frequently occur in many tumors, making the RAS-MAPK a critical pathway in human cancer. Since the pioneering study reporting that let-7 miRNA acted as tumor suppressor by repressing the RAS oncogene, growing evidence has suggested the importance of miRNAs targeting the RAS-MAPK in oncogenesis. MiRNAs alterations in human cancers may act as a rheostat of the oncogenic RAS signal that is often amplified as cancers progress. However, specific mechanisms leading to miRNAs deregulation and their functional consequences in cancer are far from being fully elucidated. In this review, we provide an experimental-validated map of RAS-MAPK oncomiRs and tumor suppressor miRNAs from transmembrane receptor to downstream ERK proteins. MiRNAs could be further considered as potential genetic biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, or therapeutic purpose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Masliah-Planchon
- Unité de Génétique Somatique, Département de Génétique Oncologique, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,INSERM_U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Simon Garinet
- Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eric Pasmant
- Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,EA7331, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lung cancer-associated brain metastasis: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic options. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2017; 40:419-441. [PMID: 28921309 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality in humans. There are several reasons for this high rate of mortality, including metastasis to several organs, especially the brain. In fact, lung cancer is responsible for approximately 50% of all brain metastases, which are very difficult to manage. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer-associated brain metastasis brings up novel therapeutic promises with the hope to ameliorate the severity of the disease. Here, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of lung cancer dissemination and metastasis to the brain, as well as promising horizons for impeding lung cancer brain metastasis, including the role of cancer stem cells, the blood-brain barrier, interactions of lung cancer cells with the brain microenvironment and lung cancer-driven systemic processes, as well as the role of growth factor/receptor tyrosine kinases, cell adhesion molecules and non-coding RNAs. In addition, we provide an overview of current and novel therapeutic approaches, including radiotherapy, surgery and stereotactic radiosurgery, chemotherapy, as also targeted cancer stem cell and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-based therapies, micro-RNA-based therapies and other small molecule or antibody-based therapies. We will also discuss the daunting potential of some combined therapies. CONCLUSIONS The identification of molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer metastasis has opened up new avenues towards their eradication and provides interesting opportunities for future research aimed at the development of novel targeted therapies.
Collapse
|
18
|
Song Z, Liu F, Zhang J. Targeting NRAS Q61K mutant delays tumor growth and angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:831-844. [PMID: 28469956 PMCID: PMC5411791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells require vascular supply for their growth, and they express proangiogenic growth factors that promote the formation of vascular networks. Many oncogenic mutations that may potentially lead to tumor angiogenesis have been identified. Somatic mutations in the small GTPase NRAS are the most common activating lesions found in human cancer and are generally associated with poor response to standard therapies. However, the mechanisms by which NRAS mutations affect tumor angiogenesis are largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated the role of NRASQ61K oncogene in tumor angiogenesis and analyzed tumors harboring NRASQ61K for potential sensitivity to a kinase inhibitor. Knock-in of the NRASQ61K allele in human normal epithelial cells triggered the angiogenic response in these cells. In cancer cells harboring oncogenic NRAS, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor down-regulated the extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway and inhibited the expression of proangiogenic molecules. In tumor xenografts harboring the NRASQ61K, the MEK inhibitor extensively modified tumor growth, causing abrogation of angiogenesis. Overall, our results provide a functional link between oncogenic NRAS and angiogenesis, and imply that tumor vasculature could be indirectly altered by targeting a genetic lesion on which cancer cells are dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Song
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei ProvinceNo.16, Xinhua West Road, Yunhe District, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Fenghai Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei ProvinceNo.16, Xinhua West Road, Yunhe District, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei ProvinceNo.16, Xinhua West Road, Yunhe District, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Frontline Systemic Therapy With Pemetrexed-Platinum in Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer With Asymptomatic Brain Metastases. Am J Ther 2017; 24:e111-e120. [PMID: 25153672 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of brain metastases from nonsquamous non-small-lung cancer is increasing as a result of superior imaging techniques for early detection of distant metastases. Although whole-brain radiation therapy and stereotactic radiosurgery along with systemic chemotherapy have shown to be effective in alleviating symptoms and improving outcomes, the approach to patients with asymptomatic brain metastases remains elusive. We explored the literature for a possible role of frontline systemic chemotherapy in asymptomatic brain metastases from nonsquamous non-small-lung cancer and found promising evidence that upfront systemic therapy with pemetrexed-platinum regimens might be a reasonable option for these patients and would forestall the need for upfront brain radiation therapy. More large-scale phase II and phase III clinical trials are needed to further investigate the frontline use of pemetrexed-platinum regimens in this setting.
Collapse
|
20
|
Kumar D, Gorain M, Kundu G, Kundu GC. Therapeutic implications of cellular and molecular biology of cancer stem cells in melanoma. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:7. [PMID: 28137308 PMCID: PMC5282877 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0578-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a form of cancer that initiates in melanocytes. Melanoma has multiple phenotypically distinct subpopulation of cells, some of them have embryonic like plasticity which are involved in self-renewal, tumor initiation, metastasis and progression and provide reservoir of therapeutically resistant cells. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) can be identified and characterized based on various unique cell surface and intracellular markers. CSCs exhibit different molecular pattern with respect to non-CSCs. They maintain their stemness and chemoresistant features through specific signaling cascades. CSCs are weak in immunogenicity and act as immunosupressor in the host system. Melanoma treatment becomes difficult and survival is greatly reduced when the patient develop metastasis. Standard conventional oncology treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgical resection are only responsible for shrinking the bulk of the tumor mass and tumor tends to relapse. Thus, targeting CSCs and their microenvironment niche addresses the alternative of traditional cancer therapy. Combined use of CSCs targeted and traditional therapies may kill the bulk tumor and CSCs and offer a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Mahadeo Gorain
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Gautam Kundu
- Deapartment of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gopal C Kundu
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, 411007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Conev NV, Donev IS, Konsoulova-Kirova AA, Chervenkov TG, Kashlov JK, Ivanov KD. Serum expression levels of miR-17, miR-21, and miR-92 as potential biomarkers for recurrence after adjuvant chemotherapy in colon cancer patients. Biosci Trends 2016; 9:393-401. [PMID: 26781797 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2015.01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined whether miR-17, miR-21, miR-29a, and miR-92 that are dysregulated in colon cancer (CC) can serve as potential predictive markers for relapse of disease after radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression levels of the miRNAs in serum samples from 37 patients with CC and 7 healthy individuals, tested as a control group. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was then used to evaluate the predictive performance of the four miRNAs alone or in combination and compare it with carcinoembryonic antigen. The expression of miR-17, miR-21 and miR-92 were significantly higher in serum of patients with disease relapse. The AUCs for miR-17, miR-21, miR-92 for Nx patients were 0.844, 0.948, and 0.935, respectively (p < 0.05). Combining the four miRNAs for stage III patients increased the diagnostic performance, yielding an AUC of 0.881, with a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 85.7% (p < 0.05). Our study suggests that the expression levels of serum miR-21, miR-17, and miR-92 in patients with CC who underwent radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy may have diagnostic value for differentiating between recurred and non-recurred patients.
Collapse
|
22
|
Cao J, Luo C, Yan R, Peng R, Wang K, Wang P, Ye H, Song C. rs15869 at miRNA binding site in BRCA2 is associated with breast cancer susceptibility. Med Oncol 2016; 33:135. [PMID: 27807724 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0849-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
23
|
Shao C, Zhang J, Fu J, Ling F. The potential role of Brachyury in inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and HIF-1α expression in breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:1083-9. [PMID: 26393908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
One of transcription factors of the T-box family, Brachyury has been implicated in tumorigenesis of many types of cancers, regulating cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the role of Brachyury in breast cancer cells has been scarcely reported. The present study aimed to investigate the expression and role of Brachyury in breast cancer. Brachyury expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The correlations between Brachyury expression and clinicopathological factors of breast cancer were determined. Involvement of EMT stimulation and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression induction by Brachyury was also evaluated. Moreover, the effect of Brachyury on tumor growth and metastasis in vivo was examined in a breast tumor xenograft model. Brachyury expression was enhanced in primary breast cancer tissues and Brachyury expression was correlated with tumor stage and lymph node metastasis. Hypoxia enhanced Brachyury expression, the silencing of which blocked the modulation effect of hypoxia on E-cadherin and vimentin expression. Brachyury significantly augmented HIF-1alpha expression via PTEN/Akt signaling as well as accelerated cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Additionally, Brachyury accelerated breast tumor xenograft growth and increased lung metastasis in nude mice. In summary, our data confirmed that Brachyury might contribute to hypoxia-induced EMT of breast cancer and trigger HIF-1alpha expression via PTEN/Akt signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shao
- Department of Mammary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, 528403, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Cancer Radiotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, 528403, China.
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, 528403, China
| | - Feihai Ling
- Department of Mammary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, 528403, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Blanco VM, Chu Z, Vallabhapurapu SD, Sulaiman MK, Kendler A, Rixe O, Warnick RE, Franco RS, Qi X. Phosphatidylserine-selective targeting and anticancer effects of SapC-DOPS nanovesicles on brain tumors. Oncotarget 2015; 5:7105-18. [PMID: 25051370 PMCID: PMC4196187 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors, either primary (e.g., glioblastoma multiforme) or secondary (metastatic), remain among the most intractable and fatal of all cancers. We have shown that nanovesicles consisting of Saposin C (SapC) and dioleylphosphatidylserine (DOPS) are able to effectively target and kill cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. These actions are a consequence of the affinity of SapC-DOPS for phosphatidylserine, an acidic phospholipid abundantly present in the outer membrane of a variety of tumor cells and tumor-associated vasculature. In this study, we first characterize SapC-DOPS bioavailability and antitumor effects on human glioblastoma xenografts, and confirm SapC-DOPS specificity towards phosphatidylserine by showing that glioblastoma targeting is abrogated after in vivo exposure to lactadherin, which binds phosphatidylserine with high affinity. Second, we demonstrate that SapC-DOPS selectively targets brain metastases-forming cancer cells both in vitro, in co-cultures with human astrocytes, and in vivo, in mouse models of brain metastases derived from human breast or lung cancer cells. Third, we demonstrate that SapC-DOPS nanovesicles have cytotoxic activity against metastatic breast cancer cells in vitro, and prolong the survival of mice harboring brain metastases. Taken together, these results support the potential of SapC-DOPS for the diagnosis and therapy of primary and metastatic brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M Blanco
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Zhengtao Chu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Subrahmanya D Vallabhapurapu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mahaboob K Sulaiman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ady Kendler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Olivier Rixe
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Georgia Regents University, GRU Cancer Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ronald E Warnick
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati Brain Tumor Center, and Mayfield Clinic, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Robert S Franco
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhou YL, Xu YJ, Qiao CW. MiR-34c-3p suppresses the proliferation and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by inhibiting PAC1/MAPK pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:6312-6322. [PMID: 26261507 PMCID: PMC4525841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs have become recognized as key players in the development of malignancy. They are a family of small non-coding RNAs (22 nt~30 nt) that can negatively regulate the expression of cancer-related genes by sequence selective targeting of mRNAs, leading to either mRNA translational repression or degradation. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide with a substantially low survival rate. In this study, we analyzed the expression profile of miR-34c-3p in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and cell lines, as its participation in some other types of cancer has been shown by previous reports. We found that miR-34c-3p was downregulated both in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-34c-3p suppressed cell proliferation and colony formation and also limited migration and invasion in A549 cells. Furthermore, our results also shown miR-34c-3p reduction was associated with increased PAC1 expression levels in which miR-34c-3p downregulated PAC1 expression by recognizing and binding to specific binding sites in PAC1 3'-UTR. Taken together, our study implicates important roles of miR-34c-3p in NSCLC pathogenesis and implicates its potential application in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Li Zhou
- Department of Prevention and Health Section, Jinan Central Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250013, Shandong, China
| | - You-Jun Xu
- Reviewing Office of Health Care, Jinan Central Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Chuan-Wu Qiao
- Department of Care Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250013, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
miR-1322 Binding Sites in Paralogous and Orthologous Genes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:962637. [PMID: 26114118 PMCID: PMC4465656 DOI: 10.1155/2015/962637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We searched for 2,563 microRNA (miRNA) binding sites in 17,494 mRNA sequences of human genes. miR-1322 has more than 2,000 binding sites in 1,058 genes with ΔG/ΔGm ratio of 85% and more. miR-1322 has 1,889 binding sites in CDSs, 215 binding sites in 5′ UTRs, and 160 binding sites in 3′ UTRs. From two to 28 binding sites have arranged localization with the start position through three nucleotides of each following binding site. The nucleotide sequences of these sites in CDSs encode oligopeptides with the same and/or different amino acid sequences. We found that 33% of the target genes encoded transcription factors. miR-1322 has arranged binding sites in the CDSs of orthologous MAMLD1, MAML2, and MAML3 genes. These sites encode a polyglutamine oligopeptide ranging from six to 47 amino acids in length. The properties of miR-1322 binding sites in orthologous and paralogous target genes are discussed.
Collapse
|
27
|
MicroRNAs as mediators and communicators between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. Oncogene 2015; 34:5857-68. [PMID: 25867073 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells grow in an environment comprised of multiple components that support tumor growth and contribute to therapy resistance. Major cell types in the tumor microenvironment are fibroblasts, endothelial cells and infiltrating immune cells all of which communicate with cancer cells. One way that these cell types promote cancer progression is by altering the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate protein expression, either in the cancer cells or in the associated normal cells. Changes in miRNA expression can be brought about by direct interaction between the stromal cells and cancer cells, by paracrine factors secreted by any of the cell types or even through direct communication between cells through secreted miRNAs. Understanding the role of miRNAs in the complex interactions between the tumor and cells in its microenvironment is necessary if we are to understand tumor progression and devise new treatments.
Collapse
|
28
|
Rusek AM, Abba M, Eljaszewicz A, Moniuszko M, Niklinski J, Allgayer H. MicroRNA modulators of epigenetic regulation, the tumor microenvironment and the immune system in lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:34. [PMID: 25743773 PMCID: PMC4333888 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an exceedingly complex disease that is orchestrated and driven by a combination of multiple aberrantly regulated processes. The nature and depth of involvement of individual events vary between cancer types, and in lung cancer, the deregulation of the epigenetic machinery, the tumor microenvironment and the immune system appear to be especially relevant. The contribution of microRNAs to carcinogenesis and cancer progression is well established with many reports and investigations describing the involvement of microRNAs in lung cancer, however most of these studies have concentrated on single microRNA-target relations and have not adequately addressed the complexity of their interactions. In this review, we focus, in part, on the role of microRNAs in the epigenetic regulation of lung cancer where they act as active molecules modulating enzymes that take part in methylation-mediated silencing and chromatin remodeling. Additionally, we highlight their contribution in controlling and modulating the tumor microenvironment and finally, we describe their role in the critical alteration of essential molecules that influence the immune system in lung cancer development and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Rusek
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, Białystok, 15-269, Poland.
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68135, Mannheim, Germany.
- Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Centre), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Mohammed Abba
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68135, Mannheim, Germany.
- Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Centre), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Andrzej Eljaszewicz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, Białystok, 15-269, Poland.
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, Białystok, 15-269, Poland.
| | - Jacek Niklinski
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, Białystok, 15-269, Poland.
| | - Heike Allgayer
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68135, Mannheim, Germany.
- Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Centre), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Marzese DM, Scolyer RA, Roqué M, Vargas-Roig LM, Huynh JL, Wilmott JS, Murali R, Buckland ME, Barkhoudarian G, Thompson JF, Morton DL, Kelly DF, Hoon DSB. DNA methylation and gene deletion analysis of brain metastases in melanoma patients identifies mutually exclusive molecular alterations. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:1499-509. [PMID: 24968695 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain is a common target of metastases for melanoma patients. Little is known about the genetic and epigenetic alterations in melanoma brain metastases (MBMs). Unraveling these molecular alterations is a key step in understanding their aggressive nature and identifying novel therapeutic targets. METHODS Genome-wide DNA methylation analyses of MBMs (n = 15) and normal brain tissues (n = 91) and simultaneous multigene DNA methylation and gene deletion analyses of metastatic melanoma tissues (99 MBMs and 43 extracranial metastases) were performed. BRAF and NRAS mutations were evaluated in MBMs by targeted sequencing. RESULTS MBMs showed significant epigenetic heterogeneity. RARB, RASSF1, ESR1, APC, PTEN, and CDH13 genes were frequently hypermethylated. Deletions were frequently detected in the CDKN2A/B locus. Of MBMs, 46.1% and 28.8% had BRAF and NRAS missense mutations, respectively. Compared with lung and liver metastases, MBMs exhibited higher frequency of CDH13 hypermethylation and CDKN2A/B locus deletion. Mutual exclusivity between hypermethylated genes and CDKN2A/B locus deletion identified 2 clinically relevant molecular subtypes of MBMs. CDKN2A/B deletions were associated with multiple MBMs and frequently hypermethylated genes with shorter time to brain metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Melanoma cells that colonize the brain harbor numerous genetically and epigenetically altered genes. This study presents an integrated genomic and epigenomic analysis that reveals MBM-specific molecular alterations and mutually exclusive molecular subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego M Marzese
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California (D.M.M., J.L.H., D.S.B.H.); Department of Tissue Oncology and Diagnostic Pathology (R.A.S., M.E.B., J.F.T.) and Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.F.T.); Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (R.A.S., J.S.W., M.E.B., J.F.T.); Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia (R.A.S., J.S.W.); Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Mendoza, Argentina (M.R.); Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina (L.M.V.-R.); Department of Pathology (R.M.), Center for Molecular Oncology (R.M.), and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.M.); Division of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California (D.L.M.); Brain Tumor Center, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California (G.B., D.F.K.)
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California (D.M.M., J.L.H., D.S.B.H.); Department of Tissue Oncology and Diagnostic Pathology (R.A.S., M.E.B., J.F.T.) and Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.F.T.); Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (R.A.S., J.S.W., M.E.B., J.F.T.); Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia (R.A.S., J.S.W.); Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Mendoza, Argentina (M.R.); Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina (L.M.V.-R.); Department of Pathology (R.M.), Center for Molecular Oncology (R.M.), and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.M.); Division of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California (D.L.M.); Brain Tumor Center, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California (G.B., D.F.K.)
| | - Maria Roqué
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California (D.M.M., J.L.H., D.S.B.H.); Department of Tissue Oncology and Diagnostic Pathology (R.A.S., M.E.B., J.F.T.) and Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.F.T.); Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (R.A.S., J.S.W., M.E.B., J.F.T.); Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia (R.A.S., J.S.W.); Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Mendoza, Argentina (M.R.); Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina (L.M.V.-R.); Department of Pathology (R.M.), Center for Molecular Oncology (R.M.), and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.M.); Division of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California (D.L.M.); Brain Tumor Center, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California (G.B., D.F.K.)
| | - Laura M Vargas-Roig
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California (D.M.M., J.L.H., D.S.B.H.); Department of Tissue Oncology and Diagnostic Pathology (R.A.S., M.E.B., J.F.T.) and Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.F.T.); Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (R.A.S., J.S.W., M.E.B., J.F.T.); Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia (R.A.S., J.S.W.); Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Mendoza, Argentina (M.R.); Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina (L.M.V.-R.); Department of Pathology (R.M.), Center for Molecular Oncology (R.M.), and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.M.); Division of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California (D.L.M.); Brain Tumor Center, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California (G.B., D.F.K.)
| | - Jamie L Huynh
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California (D.M.M., J.L.H., D.S.B.H.); Department of Tissue Oncology and Diagnostic Pathology (R.A.S., M.E.B., J.F.T.) and Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.F.T.); Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (R.A.S., J.S.W., M.E.B., J.F.T.); Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia (R.A.S., J.S.W.); Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Mendoza, Argentina (M.R.); Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina (L.M.V.-R.); Department of Pathology (R.M.), Center for Molecular Oncology (R.M.), and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.M.); Division of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California (D.L.M.); Brain Tumor Center, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California (G.B., D.F.K.)
| | - James S Wilmott
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California (D.M.M., J.L.H., D.S.B.H.); Department of Tissue Oncology and Diagnostic Pathology (R.A.S., M.E.B., J.F.T.) and Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.F.T.); Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (R.A.S., J.S.W., M.E.B., J.F.T.); Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia (R.A.S., J.S.W.); Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Mendoza, Argentina (M.R.); Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina (L.M.V.-R.); Department of Pathology (R.M.), Center for Molecular Oncology (R.M.), and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.M.); Division of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California (D.L.M.); Brain Tumor Center, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California (G.B., D.F.K.)
| | - Rajmohan Murali
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California (D.M.M., J.L.H., D.S.B.H.); Department of Tissue Oncology and Diagnostic Pathology (R.A.S., M.E.B., J.F.T.) and Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.F.T.); Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (R.A.S., J.S.W., M.E.B., J.F.T.); Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia (R.A.S., J.S.W.); Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Mendoza, Argentina (M.R.); Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina (L.M.V.-R.); Department of Pathology (R.M.), Center for Molecular Oncology (R.M.), and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.M.); Division of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California (D.L.M.); Brain Tumor Center, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California (G.B., D.F.K.)
| | - Michael E Buckland
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California (D.M.M., J.L.H., D.S.B.H.); Department of Tissue Oncology and Diagnostic Pathology (R.A.S., M.E.B., J.F.T.) and Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.F.T.); Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (R.A.S., J.S.W., M.E.B., J.F.T.); Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia (R.A.S., J.S.W.); Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Mendoza, Argentina (M.R.); Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina (L.M.V.-R.); Department of Pathology (R.M.), Center for Molecular Oncology (R.M.), and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.M.); Division of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California (D.L.M.); Brain Tumor Center, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California (G.B., D.F.K.)
| | - Garni Barkhoudarian
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California (D.M.M., J.L.H., D.S.B.H.); Department of Tissue Oncology and Diagnostic Pathology (R.A.S., M.E.B., J.F.T.) and Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.F.T.); Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (R.A.S., J.S.W., M.E.B., J.F.T.); Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia (R.A.S., J.S.W.); Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Mendoza, Argentina (M.R.); Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina (L.M.V.-R.); Department of Pathology (R.M.), Center for Molecular Oncology (R.M.), and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.M.); Division of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California (D.L.M.); Brain Tumor Center, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California (G.B., D.F.K.)
| | - John F Thompson
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California (D.M.M., J.L.H., D.S.B.H.); Department of Tissue Oncology and Diagnostic Pathology (R.A.S., M.E.B., J.F.T.) and Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.F.T.); Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (R.A.S., J.S.W., M.E.B., J.F.T.); Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia (R.A.S., J.S.W.); Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Mendoza, Argentina (M.R.); Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina (L.M.V.-R.); Department of Pathology (R.M.), Center for Molecular Oncology (R.M.), and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.M.); Division of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California (D.L.M.); Brain Tumor Center, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California (G.B., D.F.K.)
| | - Donald L Morton
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California (D.M.M., J.L.H., D.S.B.H.); Department of Tissue Oncology and Diagnostic Pathology (R.A.S., M.E.B., J.F.T.) and Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.F.T.); Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (R.A.S., J.S.W., M.E.B., J.F.T.); Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia (R.A.S., J.S.W.); Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Mendoza, Argentina (M.R.); Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina (L.M.V.-R.); Department of Pathology (R.M.), Center for Molecular Oncology (R.M.), and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.M.); Division of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California (D.L.M.); Brain Tumor Center, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California (G.B., D.F.K.)
| | - Daniel F Kelly
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California (D.M.M., J.L.H., D.S.B.H.); Department of Tissue Oncology and Diagnostic Pathology (R.A.S., M.E.B., J.F.T.) and Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.F.T.); Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (R.A.S., J.S.W., M.E.B., J.F.T.); Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia (R.A.S., J.S.W.); Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Mendoza, Argentina (M.R.); Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina (L.M.V.-R.); Department of Pathology (R.M.), Center for Molecular Oncology (R.M.), and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.M.); Division of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California (D.L.M.); Brain Tumor Center, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California (G.B., D.F.K.)
| | - Dave S B Hoon
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California (D.M.M., J.L.H., D.S.B.H.); Department of Tissue Oncology and Diagnostic Pathology (R.A.S., M.E.B., J.F.T.) and Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.F.T.); Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (R.A.S., J.S.W., M.E.B., J.F.T.); Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia (R.A.S., J.S.W.); Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Mendoza, Argentina (M.R.); Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina (L.M.V.-R.); Department of Pathology (R.M.), Center for Molecular Oncology (R.M.), and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.M.); Division of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California (D.L.M.); Brain Tumor Center, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California (G.B., D.F.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Alsidawi S, Malek E, Driscoll JJ. MicroRNAs in brain metastases: potential role as diagnostics and therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:10508-26. [PMID: 24921708 PMCID: PMC4100165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150610508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases remain a daunting adversary that negatively impact patient survival. Metastatic brain tumors affect up to 45% of all cancer patients with systemic cancer and account for ~20% of all cancer-related deaths. A complex network of non-coding RNA molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs), regulate tumor metastasis. The brain micro-environment modulates metastatic tumor growth; however, defining the precise genetic events that promote metastasis in the brain niche represents an important, unresolved problem. Understanding these events will reveal disease-based targets and offer effective strategies to treat brain metastases. Effective therapeutic strategies based upon the biology of brain metastases represent an urgent, unmet need with immediate potential for clinical impact. Studies have demonstrated the ability of miRNAs to distinguish normal from cancerous cells, primary from secondary brain tumors, and correctly categorize metastatic brain tumor tissue of origin based solely on miRNA profiles. Interestingly, manipulation of miRNAs has proven effective in cancer treatment. With the promise of reduced toxicity, increased efficacy and individually directed personalized anti-cancer therapy, using miRNA in the treatment of metastatic brain tumors may prove very useful and improve patient outcome. In this review, we focus on the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for the treatment of metastatic brain lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samer Alsidawi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - Ehsan Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - James J Driscoll
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| |
Collapse
|