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Shome DK, Das P, Akbar GA, Taha S, Radhi A, Al-Saad K, Helmy R. Molecular insights into hereditary elliptocytosis and pyropoikilocytosis: NGS uncovers multiple potential candidate genes. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:2343-2351. [PMID: 37400730 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) and pyropoikilocytosis (HPP) are considered a group of hemolytic anemias (HE/HPP) due to inherited abnormalities of erythrocyte membrane proteins with a worldwide distribution. Most cases are associated with molecular abnormalities linked to spectrin, band 4.1, and ankyrin. The present study aimed to identify significant molecular signatures on a target panel of 8 genes using whole exome sequencing (WES) in 9 Bahraini patients with elliptocytosis. Case selection was based on presence of anemia not associated with iron deficiency or hemoglobinopathy and demonstrating > 50% elliptocytes in blood smears. The c.779 T > C mutation of SPTA1 (Spectrin alpha), which is a known deleterious missense mutation that inhibits normal association of spectrin molecules to form tetramers, was seen in 4 patients in homozygous (n = 1) and heterozygous (n = 3) states. The αLELY abnormality in association with compound heterozygous mutations in SPTA1 was present in 5 patients (2 associated with the SPTA1 c.779 T > C variant; 3 with c.3487 T > G and various other SPTA1 mutations of uncertain/unknown significance). Seven patients had SPTB (Spectrin beta) mutations, predicted as likely benign by in silico analysis. A novel EPB41 (Erythrocyte Membrane Protein Band 4.1) mutation with potential deleterious impact was also seen. Finally, 2 cases showed an InDel (insertion-deletion mutations) abnormality in the gene that codes for the mechanosensitive ion-channel PIEZO (Piezo Type Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Component 1). PIEZO mutations are reported to cause red cell dehydration but have not been previously described in HE/HPP. Results of this study confirm the involvement of previously reported abnormalities in SPTA1 and suggest possible involvement of other candidate genes in a disorder involving polygenic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durjoy K Shome
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain.
- Education & Proficiency Center, King Hamad University Hospital, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain.
| | - Priya Das
- Education & Proficiency Center, King Hamad University Hospital, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain.
| | - Ghadir A Akbar
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Safa Taha
- Princess Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Ameera Radhi
- Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Khulood Al-Saad
- Department of Pediatrics, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Rehab Helmy
- Department of Pathology, Blood Bank and Laboratory Medicine, King Hamad University Hospital, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
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Yang Q, Liu J, Wang Z. 4.1N-Mediated Interactions and Functions in Nerve System and Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:711302. [PMID: 34589518 PMCID: PMC8473747 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.711302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaffolding protein 4.1N is a neuron-enriched 4.1 homologue. 4.1N contains three conserved domains, including the N-terminal 4.1-ezrin-radixin-moesin (FERM) domain, internal spectrin–actin–binding (SAB) domain, and C-terminal domain (CTD). Interspersed between the three domains are nonconserved domains, including U1, U2, and U3. The role of 4.1N was first reported in the nerve system. Then, extensive studies reported the role of 4.1N in cancers and other diseases. 4.1N performs numerous vital functions in signaling transduction by interacting, locating, supporting, and coordinating different partners and is involved in the molecular pathogenesis of various diseases. In this review, recent studies on the interactions between 4.1N and its contactors (including the α7AChr, IP3R1, GluR1/4, GluK1/2/3, mGluR8, KCC2, D2/3Rs, CASK, NuMA, PIKE, IP6K2, CAM 1/3, βII spectrin, flotillin-1, pp1, and 14-3-3) and the 4.1N-related biological functions in the nerve system and cancers are specifically and comprehensively discussed. This review provides critical detailed mechanistic insights into the role of 4.1N in disease relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of Medical Laboratory, Shao Yang University, Shaoyang, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Feng G, Guo K, Yan Q, Ye Y, Shen M, Ruan S, Qiu S. Expression of Protein 4.1 Family in Breast Cancer: Database Mining for 4.1 Family Members in Malignancies. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:3374-3389. [PMID: 31063460 PMCID: PMC6524556 DOI: 10.12659/msm.914085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protein 4.1 family is a family of cytoskeletal proteins that play an important role in maintaining normal cell morphology and cell adhesion, migration, division, and intercellular signaling. The main aim of this study was to explore the prognostic significance of the protein 4.1 family in breast cancer (BC) patients and to provide new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of BC. MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression of 4.1 family members in various tumor types was compared to normal controls using the ONCOMINE and GOBO databases. The prognostic significance of the 4.1 family in BC patients was determined by Kaplan-Meier Plotter. RESULTS EPB41L2 (4.1G) was expressed at higher levels in normal tissues compared with BC patients for all 4.1 family members. In survival analysis, 4.1G and EPB41 (4.1R) mRNA high expressions were associated with better survival in BC patients. Moreover, 4.1G high expression was significantly associated with longer overall survival (OS) in luminal A and protracted relapse-free survival (RFS) in luminal B subtype BC patients who received Tamoxifen treatment. In addition, high expression of each 4.1 family member also showed better prognostic value in different molecular subtypes of BC. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the protein 4.1 family can be regarded as novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for BC. Further research is needed to explore the detailed biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Feng
- The First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Kaibo Guo
- The First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Qingying Yan
- The First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ye Ye
- Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Minhe Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Shanming Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Shengliang Qiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Chen T, Guo Y, Shan J, Zhang J, Shen X, Guo J, Liu XM. Vector Analysis of Cytoskeletal Structural Tension and the Mechanisms that Underpin Spectrin-Related Forces in Pyroptosis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1503-1520. [PMID: 29669427 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Pyroptotic cells are characterized by plasma swelling, membrane blebbing, and disintegration of the cell membrane mediated by spectrin-based membrane skeleton and intercellular competitive tension activities. The spectrin-based membrane skeleton is involved in membrane organization through the regulation of intercellular tension. Using genetically encoded tension sensors to attain noninvasive force measurements in structural proteins, we investigated how cytoskeletal structural tension influences changes in plasma morphology during pyroptosis and the regulatory mechanism of cytoskeletal structural tension that underpins pyroptosis. Results: The results indicate that increasing spectrin tension is caused by osmotic swelling. Hightened tension of spectrin was closely associated with the shrink tension transmitted synergistically by microfilaments (MFs) and microtubules (MTs). However, the increment of spectrin tension in pyroptotic cells was controlled antagonistically by MF and MT forces. Different from MF tension, outward MT forces participated in the formation of membrane blebs. Spectrin tension caused by inward MF forces resisted pyroptosis swelling. Stabilization of MF and MT structure had little influence on intracellular tension and pyroptosis deformation. Pyroptosis-induced cytoskeletal structural tension was highly dependent on calcium signaling and reactive oxygen species generation. Blocking of membrane pores, nonselective ion flux, or elimination of caspase-1 cleavage resulted in the remission of structural forces associated with pyroptosis failure. Innovation and Conclusions: The data suggest that subcellular tension, in terms of magnitude and vector, is integral to pyroptosis through the mediation of swelling and blebbing and the elimination of structural tension, especially MT forces, may result in pyroptosis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Shen
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Margaret Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama
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