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Meusburger K, Evrard O, Alewell C, Borrelli P, Cinelli G, Ketterer M, Mabit L, Panagos P, van Oost K, Ballabio C. Plutonium aided reconstruction of caesium atmospheric fallout in European topsoils. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11858. [PMID: 32678221 PMCID: PMC7366645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Global nuclear weapon testing and the Chernobyl accident have released large amounts of radionuclides into the environment. However, to date, the spatial patterns of these fallout sources remain poorly constrained. Fallout radionuclides (137Cs, 239Pu, 240Pu) were measured in soil samples (n = 160) collected at flat, undisturbed grasslands in Western Europe in the framework of a harmonised European soil survey. We show that both fallout sources left a specific radionuclide imprint in European soils. Accordingly, we used plutonium to quantify contributions of global versus Chernobyl fallout to 137Cs found in European soils. Spatial prediction models allowed for a first assessment of the global versus Chernobyl fallout pattern across national boundaries. Understanding the magnitude of these fallout sources is crucial not only to establish a baseline in case of future radionuclide fallout but also to define a baseline for geomorphological reconstructions of soil redistribution due to soil erosion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Meusburger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Olivier Evrard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE-IPSL), UMR 8212 (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, l'Orme des Merisiers, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Christine Alewell
- Environmental Geosciences, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 30, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pasquale Borrelli
- Environmental Geosciences, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 30, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Giorgia Cinelli
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Michael Ketterer
- Chemistry Department, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Lionel Mabit
- Soil and Water Management and Crop Nutrition Laboratory (SWMCNL), Joint FAO, IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Panos Panagos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Kristof van Oost
- TECLIM, George Lemaitre Center for Earth and Climate, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
- Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cristiano Ballabio
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
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Wu J, Moser HO, Li R, Yang Y, Jing L, Chen H, Breese MBH. Magnetic Fano resonances by design in symmetry broken THz meta-foils. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41869. [PMID: 28150797 PMCID: PMC5288773 DOI: 10.1038/srep41869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic Fano resonances in there-dimensional symmetry broken meta-foils at THz frequencies are theoretically and experimentally studied. Sharp Fano resonances occur due to the interference between different resonances and can be designed by choosing geometric parameters of the meta-foil. At the Fano resonances, the meta-foil supports antisymmetric modes, whereas, at the main resonance, only a symmetric mode exists. The meta-foil is left-handed at the Fano resonances and shows sharp peaks of the real part of the refractive index in transmission with small effective losses opening a way to very sensitive high-speed sensing of dielectric changes in the surrounding media and of mechanical configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wu
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 Singapore.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 117576 Singapore
| | - Herbert O Moser
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rujiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,The Innovative Institute of Electromagnetic Information and Electronic Integration, College of Information Science &Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yihao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,The Innovative Institute of Electromagnetic Information and Electronic Integration, College of Information Science &Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Liqiao Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,The Innovative Institute of Electromagnetic Information and Electronic Integration, College of Information Science &Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,The Innovative Institute of Electromagnetic Information and Electronic Integration, College of Information Science &Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Mark B H Breese
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, 117603 Singapore
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