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Das S, Caruso F. A hybrid-qudit representation of digital RGB images. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13671. [PMID: 37608205 PMCID: PMC10444894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39906-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum image processing is an emerging topic in the field of quantum information and technology. In this paper, we propose a new quantum image representation of RGB images with deterministic image retrieval, which is an improvement over all the similar existing representations in terms of using minimum resource. We use two entangled quantum registers constituting of total 7 qutrits to encode the color channels and their intensities. Additionally, we generalize the existing encoding methods by using both qubits and qutrits to encode the pixel positions of a rectangular image. This hybrid-qudit approach aligns well with the current progress of NISQ devices in incorporating higher dimensional quantum systems than qubits. We then describe the image encoding method using higher-order qubit-qutrit gates, and demonstrate the decomposition of these gates in terms of simpler elementary gates. We use the Google Cirq's quantum simulator to verify the image preparation in both the ideal noise-free scenario and in presence of realistic noise modelling. We show that the complexity of the image encoding process is linear in the number of pixels. Lastly, we discuss the image compression and some basic RGB image processing protocols using our representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreetama Das
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, Via Nello Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.
| | - Filippo Caruso
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, Via Nello Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
- QSTAR and CNR-INO, Largo Enrico Fermi 2, 50125, Firenze, Italy
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Florków P, Krychowski D, Lipiński S. Kondo effects in small-bandgap carbon nanotube quantum dots. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:1873-1890. [PMID: 33425637 PMCID: PMC7770385 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study the magnetoconductance of small-bandgap carbon nanotube quantum dots in the presence of spin-orbit coupling in the strong-correlations regime. A finite-U slave-boson mean-field approach is used to study many-body effects. Different degeneracies are restored in a magnetic field and Kondo effects of different symmetries arise, including SU(3) effects of different types. Full spin-orbital degeneracy might be recovered at zero field and, correspondingly, the SU(4) Kondo effect sets in. We point out the possibility of the occurrence of electron-hole Kondo effects in slanting magnetic fields, which we predict to occur in magnetic fields with an orientation close to perpendicular. When the field approaches a transverse orientation a crossover from SU(2) or SU(3) symmetry into SU(4) is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Florków
- Department of Theory of Nanostructures, Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Smoluchowskiego 17,60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - Damian Krychowski
- Department of Theory of Nanostructures, Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Smoluchowskiego 17,60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - Stanisław Lipiński
- Department of Theory of Nanostructures, Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Smoluchowskiego 17,60-179 Poznań, Poland
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Luo MX, Li HR, Wang X. Distributed atomic quantum information processing via optical fibers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1234. [PMID: 28450701 PMCID: PMC5430912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The qudit system may offer great flexibilities for quantum information processing. We investigate the possibility of realizing elementary quantum gates between two high-dimensional atoms in distant cavities coupled by an optical fiber. We show that highly reliable special swap gate is achievable by different detuning. The numerical simulation shows that the proposed elementary gate is robust against the atomic spontaneous decay, photon leakage of cavities and optical fibers by choosing the experimental parameters appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xing Luo
- Information Security and National Computing Grid Laboratory, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China. .,Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Hui-Ran Li
- Information Security and National Computing Grid Laboratory, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, 9, Ireland
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Luo MX, Li HR, Lai H, Wang X. Quantum Computation Based on Photons with Three Degrees of Freedom. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25977. [PMID: 27174302 PMCID: PMC4865807 DOI: 10.1038/srep25977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum systems are important resources for quantum computer. Different from previous encoding forms using quantum systems with one degree of freedom (DoF) or two DoFs, we investigate the possibility of photon systems encoding with three DoFs consisting of the polarization DoF and two spatial DoFs. By exploring the optical circular birefringence induced by an NV center in a diamond embedded in the photonic crystal cavity, we propose several hybrid controlled-NOT (hybrid CNOT) gates operating on the two-photon or one-photon system. These hybrid CNOT gates show that three DoFs may be encoded as independent qubits without auxiliary DoFs. Our result provides a useful way to reduce quantum simulation resources by exploring complex quantum systems for quantum applications requiring large qubit systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xing Luo
- Information Security and National Computing Grid Laboratory, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Hui-Ran Li
- Information Security and National Computing Grid Laboratory, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Hong Lai
- School of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Luo MX, Ma SY, Chen XB, Wang X. Hybrid Toffoli gate on photons and quantum spins. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16716. [PMID: 26568078 PMCID: PMC4644947 DOI: 10.1038/srep16716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum computation offers potential advantages in solving a number of interesting and difficult problems. Several controlled logic gates, the elemental building blocks of quantum computer, have been realized with various physical systems. A general technique was recently proposed that significantly reduces the realization complexity of multiple-control logic gates by harnessing multi-level information carriers. We present implementations of a key quantum circuit: the three-qubit Toffoli gate. By exploring the optical selection rules of one-sided optical microcavities, a Toffoli gate may be realized on all combinations of photon and quantum spins in the QD-cavity. The three general controlled-NOT gates are involved using an auxiliary photon with two degrees of freedom. Our results show that photons and quantum spins may be used alternatively in quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xing Luo
- Information Security and National Computing Grid Laboratory, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Song-Ya Ma
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiu-Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Luo MX, Deng Y, Li HR, Ma SY. Photonic ququart logic assisted by the cavity-QED system. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13255. [PMID: 26272869 PMCID: PMC4536487 DOI: 10.1038/srep13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Universal quantum logic gates are important elements for a quantum computer. In contrast to previous constructions of qubit systems, we investigate the possibility of ququart systems (four-dimensional states) dependent on two DOFs of photon systems. We propose some useful one-parameter four-dimensional quantum transformations for the construction of universal ququart logic gates. The interface between the spin of a photon and an electron spin confined in a quantum dot embedded in a microcavity is applied to build universal ququart logic gates on the photon system with two freedoms. Our elementary controlled-ququart gates cost no more than 8 CNOT gates in a qubit system, which is far less than the 104 CNOT gates required for a general four-qubit logic gate. The ququart logic is also used to generate useful hyperentanglements and hyperentanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting code, which may be available in modern physical technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xing Luo
- Information Security and National Computing Grid Laboratory, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yun Deng
- School of Computer Science, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 64300, China
| | - Hui-Ran Li
- Information Security and National Computing Grid Laboratory, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Song-Ya Ma
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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