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All-optically phase-induced polarization modulation by means of holographic method. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5657. [PMID: 32221388 PMCID: PMC7101382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62549-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase-induced polarization modulation has been achieved experimentally by means of the all-optical holographic method. An extra spiral phase is added to a Gaussian beam and then a holographic grating is recorded through the interference of a Gaussian beam and the phase-vortex beam with the same linear polarization state in an azobenzene liquid-crystalline film. We report here that the polarization state of the diffraction light from the recorded grating is different from that of the incident light, while no polarization variation occurs for the holographic grating recorded by two Gaussian beams. The phase-induced polarization modulation is mainly attributed to the formation of birefringence in the film generated by phase vortex, which is investigated through the ripple patterns resulting from the competition between photoinduced torques and analysed by the Jones matrix. The experimental results could enrich the connotation between optical parameters and offer a method to realize polarization modulation through phase control.
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Extended harmonic mapping connects the equations in classical, statistical, fluid, quantum physics and general relativity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18281. [PMID: 33106593 PMCID: PMC7588422 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
One potential pathway to find an ultimate rule governing our universe is to hunt for a connection among the fundamental equations in physics. Recently, Ren et al. reported that the harmonic maps with potential introduced by Duan, named extended harmonic mapping (EHM), connect the equations of general relativity, chaos and quantum mechanics via a universal geodesic equation. The equation, expressed as Euler–Lagrange equations on the Riemannian manifold, was obtained from the principle of least action. Here, we further demonstrate that more than ten fundamental equations, including that of classical mechanics, fluid physics, statistical physics, astrophysics, quantum physics and general relativity, can be connected by the same universal geodesic equation. The connection sketches a family tree of the physics equations, and their intrinsic connections reflect an alternative ultimate rule of our universe, i.e., the principle of least action on a Finsler manifold.
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An exact analysis of unsteady MHD free convection flow of some nanofluids with ramped wall velocity and ramped wall temperature accounting heat radiation and injection/consumption. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17830. [PMID: 33082448 PMCID: PMC7575599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74739-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This article investigates the influence of ramped wall velocity and ramped wall temperature on time dependent, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection flow of some nanofluids close to an infinitely long vertical plate nested in porous medium. Combination of water as base fluid and three types of nanoparticles named as copper, titanium dioxide and aluminum oxide is taken into account. Impacts of non linear thermal radiation flux and heat injection/consumption are also evaluated. The solutions of principal equations of mass and heat transfer are computed in close form by applying Laplace transform. The physical features of connected parameters are discussed and elucidated with the assistance of graphs. The expressions for Nusselt number and skin friction are also calculated and control of pertinent parameters on both phenomenons is presented in tables. A comparative study is performed for ramped wall and isothermal wall to evaluate the application extent of both boundary conditions.
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4
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Sabri S, Farahani SV, Ebadi H, Poedts S. How Alfvén waves induce compressive flows in the neighborhood of a 2.5D magnetic null-point. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15603. [PMID: 32973164 PMCID: PMC7519055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70995-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to provide insight on the induced compressive perturbations together with the modifications of the environmental parameters in the course of Alfvén wave interaction with a solar magnetic null-point. The shock-capturing Godunov-type code PLUTO is used to solve the set of ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations. The nonlinear effects connected with an initial Alfvén pulse nearing a magnetic null point induces fast and slow magnetoacoustic waves with anti phase conduct. The induced current density and flows are independent of the local plasma-\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\beta$$\end{document}β at the reconnection site. The induced inflows and outflows highly depend on the polarization. The inflows have a stronger effect compared to the outflows in both the x and y directions showing its peak in the x-direction. The dominant wave that couples to flows is the fast wave due to the in-phase harmony between perturbations of the compressive parameters and the fast wave. The induced current density possesses a steady orientation at the reconnection site which governs the diffusion or propagation of the waves. Induced perturbations by the nonlinear forces together with their back reaction on the Alfvén wave have a significant role in the current density excitation being responsible for the creation of inflows and outflows that are possible candidates for the creation of solar jets which has a significant contribution towards coronal seismology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sabri
- Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Tabriz, P.O.Box 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Mathematics, Center for mathematical Plasma Astrophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200B, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | - H Ebadi
- Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Tabriz, P.O.Box 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran
| | - S Poedts
- Department of Mathematics, Center for mathematical Plasma Astrophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200B, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.,Institute of Physics, University of Maria Curie-Skłodowska, ul. Radziszewskiego 10, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
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Weiner SE, Tsatsos MC, Cederbaum LS, Lode AUJ. Phantom vortices: hidden angular momentum in ultracold dilute Bose-Einstein condensates. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40122. [PMID: 28091520 PMCID: PMC5238373 DOI: 10.1038/srep40122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vortices are essential to angular momentum in quantum systems such as ultracold atomic gases. The existence of quantized vorticity in bosonic systems stimulated the development of the Gross-Pitaevskii mean-field approximation. However, the true dynamics of angular momentum in finite, interacting many-body systems like trapped Bose-Einstein condensates is enriched by the emergence of quantum correlations whose description demands more elaborate methods. Herein we theoretically investigate the full many-body dynamics of the acquisition of angular momentum by a gas of ultracold bosons in two dimensions using a standard rotation procedure. We demonstrate the existence of a novel mode of quantized vorticity, which we term the phantom vortex. Contrary to the conventional mean-field vortex, can be detected as a topological defect of spatial coherence, but not of the density. We describe previously unknown many-body mechanisms of vortex nucleation and show that angular momentum is hidden in phantom vortices modes which so far seem to have evaded experimental detection. This phenomenon is likely important in the formation of the Abrikosov lattice and the onset of turbulence in superfluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Storm E Weiner
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Marios C Tsatsos
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lorenz S Cederbaum
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel U J Lode
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Switzerland
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6
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Su SW, Lu ZK, Gou SC, Liao WT. Controllable vacuum-induced diffraction of matter-wave superradiance using an all-optical dispersive cavity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35402. [PMID: 27748413 PMCID: PMC5066314 DOI: 10.1038/srep35402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) has played a central role in demonstrating the fundamental principles of the quantum world, and in particular those of atom-light interactions. Developing fast, dynamical and non-mechanical control over a CQED system is particularly desirable for controlling atomic dynamics and building future quantum networks at high speed. However conventional mirrors do not allow for such flexible and fast controls over their coupling to intracavity atoms mediated by photons. Here we theoretically investigate a novel all-optical CQED system composed of a binary Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) sandwiched by two atomic ensembles. The highly tunable atomic dispersion of the CQED system enables the medium to act as a versatile, all-optically controlled atomic mirror that can be employed to manipulate the vacuum-induced diffraction of matter-wave superradiance. Our study illustrates a innovative all-optical element of atomtroics and sheds new light on controlling light-matter interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Su
- Department of Physics and Graduate Institute of Photonics, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50058, Taiwan
| | - Zhen-Kai Lu
- Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Shih-Chuan Gou
- Department of Physics and Graduate Institute of Photonics, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50058, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Te Liao
- Department of Physics, National Central University, 32001 Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany.,Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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7
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Yang T, Hu ZQ, Zou S, Liu WM. Dynamics of vortex quadrupoles in nonrotating trapped Bose-Einstein condensates. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29066. [PMID: 27464981 PMCID: PMC4964626 DOI: 10.1038/srep29066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamics of vortex clusters is essential for understanding diverse superfluid phenomena. In this paper, we examine the dynamics of vortex quadrupoles in a trapped two-dimensional (2D) Bose-Einstein condensate. We find that the movement of these vortex-clusters fall into three distinct regimes which are fully described by the radial positions of the vortices in a 2D isotropic harmonic trap, or by the major radius (minor radius) of the elliptical equipotential lines decided by the vortex positions in a 2D anisotropic harmonic trap. In the "recombination" and "exchange" regimes the quadrupole structure maintains, while the vortices annihilate each other permanently in the "annihilation" regime. We find that the mechanism of the charge flipping in the "exchange" regime and the disappearance of the quadrupole structure in the "annihilation" regime are both through an intermediate state where two vortex dipoles connected through a soliton ring. We give the parameter ranges for these three regimes in coordinate space for a specific initial configuration and phase diagram of the vortex positions with respect to the Thomas-Fermi radius of the condensate. We show that the results are also applicable to systems with quantum fluctuations for the short-time evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Shan Zou
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Wu-Ming Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Yao YQ, Li J, Han W, Wang DS, Liu WM. Localized spatially nonlinear matter waves in atomic-molecular Bose-Einstein condensates with space-modulated nonlinearity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29566. [PMID: 27403634 PMCID: PMC4941720 DOI: 10.1038/srep29566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic nonlinearity is the most remarkable characteristic of the Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) systems. Many studies have been done on atomic BECs with time- and space- modulated nonlinearities, while there is few work considering the atomic-molecular BECs with space-modulated nonlinearities. Here, we obtain two kinds of Jacobi elliptic solutions and a family of rational solutions of the atomic-molecular BECs with trapping potential and space-modulated nonlinearity and consider the effect of three-body interaction on the localized matter wave solutions. The topological properties of the localized nonlinear matter wave for no coupling are analysed: the parity of nonlinear matter wave functions depends only on the principal quantum number n, and the numbers of the density packets for each quantum state depend on both the principal quantum number n and the secondary quantum number l. When the coupling is not zero, the localized nonlinear matter waves given by the rational function, their topological properties are independent of the principal quantum number n, only depend on the secondary quantum number l. The Raman detuning and the chemical potential can change the number and the shape of the density packets. The stability of the Jacobi elliptic solutions depends on the principal quantum number n, while the stability of the rational solutions depends on the chemical potential and Raman detuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qin Yao
- Department of Applied Mathematics, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Han
- Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xian 710600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deng-Shan Wang
- School of Science, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wu-Ming Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
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