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Mao X, Li J, Liu Z, Wang J, He F, Wang Y. Coexisting unconventional Rashba- and Zeeman-type spin splitting in Pb-adsorbed monolayer WSe 2. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 34:035501. [PMID: 34592719 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac2bc5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Based on first-principles calculations, the unconventional Rashba- and Zeeman-type spin splitting can simultaneously coexist in the Pb-adsorbed monolayer WSe2system. The first two adsorption configurationst1andt2show remarkable features under the spin-orbit coupling, in which two split energy branches show same spin states at the left or right side of Γ, and the spin polarization is reversed for both Rashba band branches. For the second adsorption configuration, an energy gap was observed near the unconventional spin polarization caused by the repelled Rashba bands for avoid crossing, and this gap can produce non-dissipative spin current by applying the voltage. The results fort2configuration with spin reversal show that the repel band gap and Rashba parameter can be effectively regulated within the biaxial strain range of -8% to 6%. By changing the adsorption distancedbetween Pb and the neighboring Se atom layer, the reduceddcaused the transfer from Rashba-type to Zeeman-type spin splitting. This predicted adsorption system would be promising for spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Mao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuli He
- School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafan Wang
- School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
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2
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Zhang K, Hong M, Zhang Y, Han Z, Xiao J, Lu H, Song Y, Yan D, Wang D, Zhu S, Xu W, Wu G. Molecular Epidemiological, Serological, and Pathogenic Analysis of EV-B75 Associated With Acute Flaccid Paralysis Cases in Tibet, China. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:632552. [PMID: 33584598 PMCID: PMC7873985 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.632552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus B75 (EV-B75) is a newly identified serotype of the enterovirus B species. To date, only 112 cases related to EV-B75 have been reported worldwide, and research on EV-B75 is still limited with only two full-length genome sequences available in GenBank. The present study reported seven EV-B75 sequences from a child with acute flaccid paralysis and six asymptomatic close contacts in Shigatse, Tibet. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Tibetan strain was possibly imported from neighboring India. Seroepidemiological analyses indicated that EV-B75 has not yet caused a large-scale epidemic in Tibet. Similarity plots and boot scanning analyses revealed frequent intertypic recombination in the non-structural region of all seven Tibet EV-B75 strains. All seven Tibetan strains were temperature-sensitive, suggesting their poor transmissibility in the environment. Overall, though the seven Tibetan strains did not cause large-scale infection, prevention and control of the novel enterovirus cannot be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory for Biosafety, NHC Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Hong
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory for Biosafety, NHC Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenzhi Han
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory for Biosafety, NHC Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbo Xiao
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory for Biosafety, NHC Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huanhuan Lu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory for Biosafety, NHC Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Song
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory for Biosafety, NHC Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory for Biosafety, NHC Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyan Wang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory for Biosafety, NHC Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory for Biosafety, NHC Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory for Biosafety, NHC Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guizhen Wu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory for Biosafety, NHC Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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3
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Di Cristanziano V, Weimer K, Böttcher S, Sarfo FS, Dompreh A, Cesar LG, Knops E, Heger E, Wirtz M, Kaiser R, Norman B, Phillips RO, Feldt T, Eberhardt KA. Molecular Characterization and Clinical Description of Non-Polio Enteroviruses Detected in Stool Samples from HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Adults in Ghana. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020221. [PMID: 32079128 PMCID: PMC7077198 DOI: 10.3390/v12020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the post-polio eradication era, increasing attention is given to non-polio enteroviruses. Most of the data about enteroviruses in sub-Saharan Africa are related to acute flaccid paralysis surveillance and target the pediatric population. This study aimed to investigate the presence of enterovirus in PLHIV (people living with HIV) and HIV-negative individuals in Ghana. Stool samples from HIV-positive individuals (n = 250) and healthy blood donors (n = 102) attending the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana, were screened by real-time PCR for enterovirus. Molecular typing of the VP1 region was performed. Enterovirus-positive samples were tested for norovirus, adenovirus, rotavirus, sapovirus, and cosaviruses. Twenty-six out of 250 HIV-positive subjects (10.4%) and 14 out of 102 HIV-negative individuals (13.7%) were detected enterovirus-positive, not showing a significant different infection rate between the two groups. HIV-negative individuals were infected with Enterovirus C strains only. HIV-positive participants were detected positive for species Enterovirus A, Enterovirus B, and Enterovirus C. Co-infections with other viral enteric pathogens were almost exclusively detected among HIV-positive participants. Overall, the present study provides the first data about enteroviruses within HIV-positive and HIV-negative adults living in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Di Cristanziano
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (V.D.C.); (K.W.); (E.K.); (E.H.); (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Kristina Weimer
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (V.D.C.); (K.W.); (E.K.); (E.H.); (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Sindy Böttcher
- National Reference Centre for Poliomyelitis and Enteroviruses, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Fred Stephen Sarfo
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; (F.S.S.); (B.N.); (R.O.P.)
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi 00233, Ghana;
| | | | | | - Elena Knops
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (V.D.C.); (K.W.); (E.K.); (E.H.); (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Eva Heger
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (V.D.C.); (K.W.); (E.K.); (E.H.); (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Maike Wirtz
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (V.D.C.); (K.W.); (E.K.); (E.H.); (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Rolf Kaiser
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (V.D.C.); (K.W.); (E.K.); (E.H.); (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Betty Norman
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; (F.S.S.); (B.N.); (R.O.P.)
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi 00233, Ghana;
| | - Richard Odame Phillips
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; (F.S.S.); (B.N.); (R.O.P.)
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi 00233, Ghana;
- Kumasi Center for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi 00233, Ghana
| | - Torsten Feldt
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Kirsten Alexandra Eberhardt
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-428-180
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Majumdar M, Sharif S, Klapsa D, Wilton T, Alam MM, Fernandez-Garcia MD, Rehman L, Mujtaba G, McAllister G, Harvala H, Templeton K, Mee ET, Asghar H, Ndiaye K, Minor PD, Martin J. Environmental Surveillance Reveals Complex Enterovirus Circulation Patterns in Human Populations. Open Forum Infect Dis 2018; 5:ofy250. [PMID: 30377626 PMCID: PMC6201154 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enteroviruses are common human pathogens occasionally associated with severe disease, notoriously paralytic poliomyelitis caused by poliovirus. Other enterovirus serotypes such as enterovirus A71 and D68 have been linked to severe neurological syndromes. New enterovirus serotypes continue to emerge, some believed to be derived from nonhuman primates. However, little is known about the circulation patterns of many enterovirus serotypes and, in particular, the detailed enterovirus composition of sewage samples. Methods We used a next-generation sequencing approach analyzing reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction products synthesized directly from sewage concentrates. Results We determined whole-capsid genome sequences of multiple enterovirus strains from all 4 A to D species present in environmental samples from the United Kingdom, Senegal, and Pakistan. Conclusions Our results indicate complex enterovirus circulation patterns in human populations with differences in serotype composition between samples and evidence of sustained and widespread circulation of many enterovirus serotypes. Our analyses revealed known and divergent enterovirus strains, some of public health relevance and genetically linked to clinical isolates. Enteroviruses identified in sewage included vaccine-derived poliovirus and enterovirus D-68 stains, new enterovirus A71 and coxsackievirus A16 genogroups indigenous to Pakistan, and many strains from rarely reported serotypes. We show how this approach can be used for the early detection of emerging pathogens and to improve our understanding of enterovirus circulation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Majumdar
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dimitra Klapsa
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Wilton
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Edward T Mee
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Humayun Asghar
- World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Philip D Minor
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Martin
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, United Kingdom
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5
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Dyda A, Stelzer-Braid S, Adam D, Chughtai AA, MacIntyre CR. The association between acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) and Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) - what is the evidence for causation? Euro Surveill 2018; 23:17-00310. [PMID: 29386095 PMCID: PMC5792700 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2018.23.3.17-00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundEnterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has historically been a sporadic disease, causing occasional small outbreaks of generally mild infection. In recent years, there has been evidence of an increase in EV-D68 infections globally. Large outbreaks of EV-D68, with thousands of cases, occurred in the United States, Canada and Europe in 2014. The outbreaks were associated temporally and geographically with an increase in clusters of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM).
Aims: We aimed to evaluate a causal association between EV-D68 and AFM.
Methods: Using data from the published and grey literature, we applied the Bradford Hill criteria, a set of nine principles applied to examine causality, to evaluate the relationship between EV-D68 and AFM. Based on available evidence, we defined the Bradford Hill Criteria as being not met, or met minimally, partially or fully.
Results: Available evidence applied to EV-D68 and AFM showed that six of the Bradford Hill criteria were fully met and two were partially met. The criterion of biological gradient was minimally met. The incidence of EV-D68 infections is increasing world-wide. Phylogenetic epidemiology showed diversification from the original Fermon and Rhyne strains since the year 2000, with evolution of a genetically distinct outbreak strain, clade B1. Clade B1, but not older strains, is associated with AFM and is neuropathic in animal models.
Conclusion: While more research is needed on dose-response relationship, application of the Bradford Hill criteria supported a causal relationship between EV-D68 and AFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie Dyda
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales (NSW), Australia
| | - Sacha Stelzer-Braid
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales (NSW), Australia,Division of Serology and Virology, South Eastern Area Laboratory Services, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dillon Adam
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales (NSW), Australia
| | - Abrar A Chughtai
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales (NSW), Australia
| | - C Raina MacIntyre
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales (NSW), Australia,College of Public Service and Community Solutions and College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States
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6
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Sun H, Huang X, Lin K, Huang K, Chu J, Yang Z, Ma S. Molecular evolution of two asymptomatic echovirus 6 strains that constitute a novel branch of recently epidemic echovirus 6 in China. Virol J 2017; 14:140. [PMID: 28743260 PMCID: PMC5526271 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Echovirus 6 (E6) infections are associated with aseptic meningitis and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). But some infections, sometimes most of them, are asymptomatic. The mechanism of E6 virulence is unknown. Analyses of the molecular evolution of asymptomatic E6 may help understand why the infections show different manifestations. Methods Ninety-six stool samples of healthy children in Yunnan, China were collected and two E6 strains were isolated from them. The whole genomes of these two E6 strains were sequenced, and their molecular evolution was analyzed. Results The results showed that the two E6 strains may be derived from KJ7724XX strains, which were predominant in AFP patients in Shangdong in 2011. The evolution was accelerated when the two E6 strains formed, although no positive selection site was found. The 11 exclusive mutations on which selection force significantly changed were found in the 2C, 3AB and 3C genes. Conclusion There are some E6 strains which did not cause the disease in the children of Yunnan. These E6 strains maybe come from a recombinant E6 strain which was associated with the outbreak of AFP in Shangdong in 2011. However, some new mutations were found in the 2C, 3AB and 3C genes of these asymptomatic strains, and these mutations may be constraint by the natural selection and could be potentially responsible for clinical presentations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0809-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Keqin Lin
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Huang
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayou Chu
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoqing Yang
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China. .,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaohui Ma
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China. .,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, People's Republic of China.
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Phylogenetic Characterizations of Highly Mutated EV-B106 Recombinants Showing Extensive Genetic Exchanges with Other EV-B in Xinjiang, China. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43080. [PMID: 28230168 PMCID: PMC5322377 DOI: 10.1038/srep43080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human enterovirus B106 (EV-B106) is a new member of the enterovirus B species. To date, only three nucleotide sequences of EV-B106 have been published, and only one full-length genome sequence (the Yunnan strain 148/YN/CHN/12) is available in the GenBank database. In this study, we conducted phylogenetic characterisation of four EV-B106 strains isolated in Xinjiang, China. Pairwise comparisons of the nucleotide sequences and the deduced amino acid sequences revealed that the four Xinjiang EV-B106 strains had only 80.5–80.8% nucleotide identity and 95.4–97.3% amino acid identity with the Yunnan EV-B106 strain, indicating high mutagenicity. Similarity plots and bootscanning analyses revealed that frequent intertypic recombination occurred in all four Xinjiang EV-B106 strains in the non-structural region. These four strains may share a donor sequence with the EV-B85 strain, which circulated in Xinjiang in 2011, indicating extensive genetic exchanges between these strains. All Xinjiang EV-B106 strains were temperature-sensitive. An antibody seroprevalence study against EV-B106 in two Xinjiang prefectures also showed low titres of neutralizing antibodies, suggesting limited exposure and transmission in the population. This study contributes the whole genome sequences of EV-B106 to the GenBank database and provides valuable information regarding the molecular epidemiology of EV-B106 in China.
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8
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Lau SKP, Woo PCY, Li KSM, Zhang HJ, Fan RYY, Zhang AJX, Chan BCC, Lam CSF, Yip CCY, Yuen MC, Chan KH, Chen ZW, Yuen KY. Identification of Novel Rosavirus Species That Infects Diverse Rodent Species and Causes Multisystemic Dissemination in Mouse Model. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005911. [PMID: 27737017 PMCID: PMC5063349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
While novel picornaviruses are being discovered in rodents, their host range and pathogenicity are largely unknown. We identified two novel picornaviruses, rosavirus B from the street rat, Norway rat, and rosavirus C from five different wild rat species (chestnut spiny rat, greater bandicoot rat, Indochinese forest rat, roof rat and Coxing's white-bellied rat) in China. Analysis of 13 complete genome sequences showed that “Rosavirus B” and “Rosavirus C” represent two potentially novel picornavirus species infecting different rodents. Though being most closely related to rosavirus A, rosavirus B and C possessed distinct protease cleavage sites and variations in Yn-Xm-AUG sequence in 5’UTR and myristylation site in VP4. Anti-rosavirus B VP1 antibodies were detected in Norway rats, whereas anti-rosavirus C VP1 and neutralizing antibodies were detected in Indochinese forest rats and Coxing's white-bellied rats. While the highest prevalence was observed in Coxing's white-bellied rats by RT-PCR, the detection of rosavirus C from different rat species suggests potential interspecies transmission. Rosavirus C isolated from 3T3 cells causes multisystemic diseases in a mouse model, with high viral loads and positive viral antigen expression in organs of infected mice after oral or intracerebral inoculation. Histological examination revealed alveolar fluid exudation, interstitial infiltration, alveolar fluid exudate and wall thickening in lungs, and hepatocyte degeneration and lymphocytic/monocytic inflammatory infiltrates with giant cell formation in liver sections of sacrificed mice. Since rosavirus A2 has been detected in fecal samples of children, further studies should elucidate the pathogenicity and emergence potential of different rosaviruses. We identified two novel picornaviruses, rosavirus B and C, infecting street and wild rats respectively in China. While rosavirus B was detected from Norway rats, rosavirus C was detected from five different wild rat species (chestnut spiny rat, greater bandicoot rat, Indochinese forest rat, roof rat and Coxing's white-bellied rat) by RT-PCR. Anti-rosavirus B antibodies were detected in Norway rats, whereas anti-rosavirus C antibodies were detected in Indochinese forest rats and Coxing's white-bellied rats, supporting potential interspecies transmission of rosavirus C. Genome analysis supported the classification of rosavirus B and C as two novel picornavirus species, with genome features distinct from rosavirus A. Rosavirus C isolated from 3T3 cells causes multisystemic diseases in a mouse model, with viruses and pathologies detected in various organs of infected mice after oral or intracerebral inoculation. Our results extend our knowledge on the host range and pathogenicity of rodent picornaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna K. P. Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick C. Y. Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth S. M. Li
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao-Ji Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Rachel Y. Y. Fan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anna J. X. Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brandon C. C. Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carol S. F. Lam
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cyril C. Y. Yip
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming-Chi Yuen
- Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail:
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9
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Isolation and Characterization of a Highly Mutated Chinese Isolate of Enterovirus B84 from a Patient with Acute Flaccid Paralysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31059. [PMID: 27499334 PMCID: PMC4976325 DOI: 10.1038/srep31059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus B84 (EV-B84) is a newly identified serotype within the species Enterovirus B (EV-B). To date, only ten nucleotide sequences of EV-B84 are published and only one full-length genome sequence (the prototype strain) is available in the GenBank database. Here, a highly mutated EV-B84 (strain AFP452/GD/CHN/2004) was recovered from a patient with acute flaccid paralysis in the Guangdong province of China in 2004 making this the first report of EV-B84 in China. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic dendrogram analysis revealed high variation from the global EV-B84 strains (African and Indian strains) and frequent intertypic recombination in the non-structural protein region, suggesting high genetic diversity in EV-B84. The Chinese EV-B84 strain, apparently evolving independently of the other ten strains, strongly suggests that the EV-B84 strain has been circulating for many years. However, the extremely low isolation rate suggests that it is not a prevalent EV serotype in China or worldwide. This study provides valuable information about the molecular epidemiology of EV-B84 in China, and will be helpful in future studies to understand the association of EV-B84 with neurological disorders; it also helps expand the number of whole virus genome sequences of EV-B84 in the GenBank database.
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10
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Wang X, Shao S, Wang H, Shen Q, Yang S, Zhang W. An enterovirus from a captive primate in China. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1281. [PMID: 27547656 PMCID: PMC4977230 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2966-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Enteroviruses (EVs) are a genetically and antigenically diverse group of viruses infecting humans and a variety of animals including non-human primates (NHPs). The present study was to investigate EVs in the fecal samples from captive NHPs in zoos in China using classic RT-PCR and viral metagenomics methods. Findings An EV strain was detected in a fecal sample collected from a captive NHP of a zoo in eastern China. The complete genome of this EV strain (named Sev-nj1) was determined and characterized. Sequence analysis indicated Sev-nj1 shared the highest sequence identity (75.6 %) with an EV-J strain, Poo-1, based on the complete genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed Sev-nj1 clustered with the other EV-J strains, forming a separate clade. Discussion According to the genetic distance-based criteria, Sev-nj1 belonged to a new type within the species EV-J. This is the first study detecting EV-J from a NHP in China, which will be helpful for the future epidemiology study of EVs in NHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medical Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu China
| | - Shihe Shao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medical Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medical Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu China
| | - Quan Shen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medical Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu China
| | - Shixing Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medical Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medical Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu China
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11
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Tang J, Li Q, Tian B, Zhang J, Li K, Ding Z, Lu L. Complete Genome Analysis of an Enterovirus EV-B83 Isolated in China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29432. [PMID: 27405393 PMCID: PMC4942604 DOI: 10.1038/srep29432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus B83 (EV-B83) is a recently identified member of enterovirus species B. It is a rarely reported serotype and up to date, only the complete genome sequence of the prototype strain from the United States is available. In this study, we describe the complete genomic characterization of an EV-B83 strain 246/YN/CHN/08HC isolated from a healthy child living in border region of Yunnan Province, China in 2008. Compared with the prototype strain, it had 79.6% similarity in the complete genome and 78.9% similarity in the VP1 coding region, reflecting the great genetic divergence among them. VP1-coding region alignment revealed it had 77.2–91.3% with other EV-B83 sequences available in GenBank. Similarity plot analysis revealed it had higher identity with several other EV-B serotypes than the EV-B83 prototype strain in the P2 and P3 coding region, suggesting multiple recombination events might have occurred. The great genetic divergence with previously isolated strains and the extremely rare isolation suggest this serotype has circulated at a low epidemic strength for many years. This is the first report of complete genome of EV-B83 in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Tang
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongfen Li
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjun Tian
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengrong Ding
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lu
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
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12
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Fan Q, Zhang Y, Hu L, Sun Q, Cui H, Yan D, Sikandaner H, Tang H, Wang D, Zhu Z, Zhu S, Xu W. A Novel Recombinant Enterovirus Type EV-A89 with Low Epidemic Strength in Xinjiang, China. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18558. [PMID: 26685900 PMCID: PMC4685259 DOI: 10.1038/srep18558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus A89 (EV-A89) is a novel member of the EV-A species. To date, only one full-length genome sequence (the prototype strain) has been published. Here, we report the molecular identification and genomic characterization of a Chinese EV-A89 strain, KSYPH-TRMH22F/XJ/CHN/2011, isolated in 2011 from a contact of an acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) patient during AFP case surveillance in Xinjiang China. This was the first report of EV-A89 in China. The VP1 coding sequence of this strain demonstrated 93.2% nucleotide and 99.3% amino acid identity with the EV-A89 prototype strain. In the P2 and P3 regions, the Chinese EV-A89 strain demonstrated markedly higher identity than the prototype strains of EV-A76, EV-A90, and EV-A91, indicating that one or more recombination events between EV-A89 and these EV-A types might have occurred. Long-term evolution of these EV types originated from the same ancestor provides the spatial and temporal circumstances for recombination to occur. An antibody sero-prevalence survey against EV-A89 in two Xinjiang prefectures demonstrated low positive rates and low titres of EV-A89 neutralization antibody, suggesting limited range of transmission and exposure to the population. This study provides a solid foundation for further studies on the biological and pathogenic properties of EV-A89.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fan
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Hu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Sun
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Cui
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huerxidan Sikandaner
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haishu Tang
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyan Wang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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13
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Tao Z, Yuan Q, Lin X, Wang S, Liu Y, Ji F, Xiong P, Cui N, Song L, Wang M, Xu A. Molecular characterization of enteroviruses including a new type EV-C99 isolated from Xinjiang students in Shandong, China in 2011. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6564. [PMID: 25298041 PMCID: PMC4190507 DOI: 10.1038/srep06564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The last case of infection with wild-type poliovirus indigenous to China was reported in 1994. In 2011, a poliomyelitis outbreak caused by imported wide-type poliovirus occurred in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region. Here, we report the results of enterovirus (EV) isolation from Xinjiang students that returned to school in Shandong after summer vacation during this outbreak. Stool specimens from 376 students were collected and 10 EV strains were isolated including 4 polioviruses (All Sabin strains), 1 coxsackievirus (CV) A13, 3 CVA17 and 2 EV-C99. VP1 sequence analysis revealed these CVA13, CVA17 and EV-C99 strains had 71.3–81.8%, 76.5–84.6% and 74.2–82.9% nucleotide similarity with strains from other countries within a serotype, respectively. EV-C99 strains had 82.7–92.8% VP1 similarity with two previously reported Xinjiang strains. Complete genome analysis on EV-C99 strains revealed intra-serotypic genetic recombination events. These findings reflect great genetic divergence between Chinese strains and strains from other countries of the three types, and provide valuable information on monitoring EV transmission over long distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexin Tao
- 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Yuan
- 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Lin
- 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Suting Wang
- 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ji
- 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Xiong
- 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Cui
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhi Song
- 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Wang
- 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiqiang Xu
- 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China [3] School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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14
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Non-polio enteroviruses from acute flaccid paralysis surveillance in Shandong Province, China, 1988-2013. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6167. [PMID: 25145609 PMCID: PMC4141246 DOI: 10.1038/srep06167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) are important human pathogens associated with various clinical syndromes. This study represents an overview of non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) isolated from acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance in Shandong Province, China from 1988 to 2013. Altogether 792 and 170 NPEV isolates were isolated from stool specimens of 9263 AFP cases and 1059 contacts, respectively. Complete VP1 sequencing and typing on all 962 isolates revealed 53 NPEV types in which echovirus (E) 6 (7.6%), E14 (7.6%), E11 (7.4%), coxsackievirus (CV) B3 (7.4%), E25 (5.6%), CVB5 (4.9%), E7 (4.5%) and EV-A71 (4.4%) were the eight most commonly reported serotypes. Distinct summer–fall seasonality was observed, with June–October accounting for 79.3% of isolation from AFP cases with known month of specimen collection. Increase of isolation of EV-A71 and CVA—the predominant pathogens for the hand, foot, and mouth disease—was observed in recent years. Sequence analysis on VP1 coding region of EV-A71 and E6 suggested Shandong strains had great genetic divergence with isolates from other countries. The results described in this study provide valuable information on the circulation and emergence of different EV types in the context of limited EV surveillance in China.
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