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Hemocompatibility Evaluation of Thai Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin and Its Improvement with Low Molecular Weight Heparin Immobilization. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142943. [PMID: 35890719 PMCID: PMC9319666 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF), from Nangnoi Srisaket 1 Thai strain, has shown potential for various biomedical applications such as wound dressing, a vascular patch, bone substitutes, and controlled release systems. The hemocompatibility of this SF is one of the important characteristics that have impacts on such applications. In this study, the hemocompatibility of Thai SF was investigated and its improvement by low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) immobilization was demonstrated. Endothelial cell proliferation on the SF and LMWH immobilized SF (Hep/SF) samples with or without fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) was also evaluated. According to hemocompatibility evaluation, Thai SF did not accelerate clotting time, excess stimulate complement and leukocyte activation, and was considered a non-hemolysis material compared to the negative control PTFE sheet. Platelet adhesion of SF film was comparable to that of the PTFE sheet. For hemocompatibility enhancement, LMWH was immobilized successfully and could improve the surface hydrophilicity of SF films. The Hep/SF films demonstrated prolonged clotting time and slightly lower complement and leukocyte activation. However, the Hep/SF films could not suppress platelet adhesion. The Hep/SF films demonstrated endothelial cell proliferation enhancement, particularly with FGF-2 addition. This study provides fundamental information for the further development of Thai SF as a hemocompatible biomaterial.
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Biswas S, Bhunia BK, Janani G, Mandal BB. Silk Fibroin Based Formulations as Potential Hemostatic Agents. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2654-2663. [PMID: 35616246 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Effective hemorrhage control is indispensable for life-threatening emergencies in defense fields and civilian trauma. During major injuries, hemostatic agents are applied externally to mimic and accelerate the natural hemostasis process. Commercially available topical hemostatic agents are associated with several limitations, e.g., burning sensation, necrosis, futile in severe injuries, and high costs of the products. In the present study, we developed silk fibroin fiber-based formulations and evaluated their use as a cost-effective potential hemostatic agent with shortened clotting time. Silk fiber-based powder was produced following the alkaline hydrolysis process, wherein Bombyx mori silk fibroin fibers were treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution that randomly chopped the silk microfibers. Physicochemical reaction parameters, e.g., reaction temperature, molarity of NaOH solution, and incubation time, were optimized to achieve the maximum yield of microfibers. The surface properties of alkaline hydrolyzed silk microfibers (AHSMf) were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray studies. The water uptake capacity of AHSMf and the change in pH and temperature (∼30 °C) during blood clotting were analyzed. Further, the hemostatic potential of AHSMf was evaluated by an in vitro whole blood clotting assay using both goat and human blood. The in vitro studies demonstrated a reduced blood clotting time (CT = 20-30 s), prothrombin time (PT = ∼27%), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT = ∼14%) in the presence of AHSMf when compared to silk hydrogel powder (devoid of NaOH). Thus, the developed AHSMf could be a promising material to serve as a potential hemostatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Biswas
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - Bibhas K Bhunia
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - G Janani
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India.,Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India.,School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
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Sultan MT, Hong H, Lee OJ, Ajiteru O, Lee YJ, Lee JS, Lee H, Kim SH, Park CH. Silk Fibroin-Based Biomaterials for Hemostatic Applications. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050660. [PMID: 35625588 PMCID: PMC9138874 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemostasis plays an essential role in all surgical procedures. Uncontrolled hemorrhage is the primary cause of death during surgeries, and effective blood loss control can significantly reduce mortality. For modern surgeons to select the right agent at the right time, they must understand the mechanisms of action, the effectiveness, and the possible adverse effects of each agent. Over the past decade, various hemostatic agents have grown intensely. These agents vary from absorbable topical hemostats, including collagen, gelatins, microfibrillar, and regenerated oxidized cellulose, to biologically active topical hemostats such as thrombin, biological adhesives, and other combined agents. Commercially available products have since expanded to include topical hemostats, surgical sealants, and adhesives. Silk is a natural protein consisting of fibroin and sericin. Silk fibroin (SF), derived from silkworm Bombyx mori, is a fibrous protein that has been used mostly in fashion textiles and surgical sutures. Additionally, SF has been widely applied as a potential biomaterial in several biomedical and biotechnological fields. Furthermore, SF has been employed as a hemostatic agent in several studies. In this review, we summarize the several morphologic forms of SF and the latest technological advances on the use of SF-based hemostatic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Tipu Sultan
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute (NBRM), Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (M.T.S.); (H.H.); (O.J.L.); (O.A.); (Y.J.L.); (J.S.L.); (H.L.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Heesun Hong
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute (NBRM), Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (M.T.S.); (H.H.); (O.J.L.); (O.A.); (Y.J.L.); (J.S.L.); (H.L.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Ok Joo Lee
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute (NBRM), Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (M.T.S.); (H.H.); (O.J.L.); (O.A.); (Y.J.L.); (J.S.L.); (H.L.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Olatunji Ajiteru
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute (NBRM), Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (M.T.S.); (H.H.); (O.J.L.); (O.A.); (Y.J.L.); (J.S.L.); (H.L.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Young Jin Lee
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute (NBRM), Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (M.T.S.); (H.H.); (O.J.L.); (O.A.); (Y.J.L.); (J.S.L.); (H.L.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Ji Seung Lee
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute (NBRM), Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (M.T.S.); (H.H.); (O.J.L.); (O.A.); (Y.J.L.); (J.S.L.); (H.L.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Hanna Lee
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute (NBRM), Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (M.T.S.); (H.H.); (O.J.L.); (O.A.); (Y.J.L.); (J.S.L.); (H.L.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Soon Hee Kim
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute (NBRM), Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (M.T.S.); (H.H.); (O.J.L.); (O.A.); (Y.J.L.); (J.S.L.); (H.L.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute (NBRM), Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (M.T.S.); (H.H.); (O.J.L.); (O.A.); (Y.J.L.); (J.S.L.); (H.L.); (S.H.K.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Farokhi M, Aleemardani M, Solouk A, Mirzadeh H, Teuschl AH, Redl H. Crosslinking strategies for silk fibroin hydrogels: promising biomedical materials. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:022004. [PMID: 33594992 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abb615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to their strong biomimetic potential, silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels are impressive candidates for tissue engineering, due to their tunable mechanical properties, biocompatibility, low immunotoxicity, controllable biodegradability, and a remarkable capacity for biomaterial modification and the realization of a specific molecular structure. The fundamental chemical and physical structure of SF allows its structure to be altered using various crosslinking strategies. The established crosslinking methods enable the formation of three-dimensional (3D) networks under physiological conditions. There are different chemical and physical crosslinking mechanisms available for the generation of SF hydrogels (SFHs). These methods, either chemical or physical, change the structure of SF and improve its mechanical stability, although each method has its advantages and disadvantages. While chemical crosslinking agents guarantee the mechanical strength of SFH through the generation of covalent bonds, they could cause some toxicity, and their usage is not compatible with a cell-friendly technology. On the other hand, physical crosslinking approaches have been implemented in the absence of chemical solvents by the induction of β-sheet conformation in the SF structure. Unfortunately, it is not easy to control the shape and properties of SFHs when using this method. The current review discusses the different crosslinking mechanisms of SFH in detail, in order to support the development of engineered SFHs for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farokhi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran. Maryam Farokhi and Mina Aleemardani contributed equally
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Kundu B, Brancato V, Oliveira JM, Correlo VM, Reis RL, Kundu SC. Silk fibroin promotes mineralization of gellan gum hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 153:1328-1334. [PMID: 31730995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mineralization is a natural process leading to the formation of mineralized tissue such as bone. The chief mineral component of bone is hydroxyapatite (HAp), which is deposited using an organic template like fibrillar Collagen I under physiological condition. Fibrous silk fibroin is structurally homologous to collagen and acts as nucleation site for HAp mineralization when immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) or fetal bovine serum (FBS), therefore, considered as popular bone regeneration biomaterial. Hence, the mineralization behavior of silk fibroin self-assembled gellan gum enriched 3D hydrogels is investigated under conditions closer to physiological ones using SBF as well as FBS, and also in presence of cells (e.g. human adipose tissue-derived stem cells, ASCs). Incorporation of silk fibroin induces the mineralization in acellular spongy-like hydrogels in composition dependent manner, confirmed by SEM-EDS analysis. In contrast, ASCs mediated mineralization is found in all hydrogel compositions of 3 weeks post-culture under osteogenic conditions as demonstrated by gene expression profile and Alizarin Red S staining. This is perhaps due to the co-existence of fibroin and FBS together induce cell-mediated mineralization. The blending of fibroin offers cheap alternative strategy to improve or guide the repair of mineralized tissue using gellan gum-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banani Kundu
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Virginia Brancato
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - J M Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Vitor M Correlo
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - S C Kundu
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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6
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Kundu B, Bastos ARF, Brancato V, Cerqueira MT, Oliveira JM, Correlo VM, Reis RL, Kundu SC. Mechanical Property of Hydrogels and the Presence of Adipose Stem Cells in Tumor Stroma Affect Spheroid Formation in the 3D Osteosarcoma Model. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:14548-14559. [PMID: 30943004 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is one of the most common metastatic bone cancers, which results in significant morbidity and mortality. Unfolding of effectual therapeutic strategies against osteosarcoma is impeded because of the absence of adequate animal models, which can truly recapitulate disease biology of humans. Tissue engineering provides an opportunity to develop physiologically relevant, reproducible, and tunable in vitro platforms to investigate the interactions of osteosarcoma cells with its microenvironment. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are detected adjacent to osteosarcoma masses and are considered to have protumor effects. Hence, the present study focuses on investigating the role of reactive ASCs in formation of spheroids of osteosarcoma cells (Saos 2) within a three-dimensional (3D) niche, which is created using gellan gum (GG)-silk fibroin. By modifying the blending ratio of GG-silk, the optimum stiffness of the resultant hydrogels such as GG and GG75: S25 is obtained for cancer spheroid formation. This work indicates that the co-existence of cancer and stem cells can form a spheroid, the hallmark of cancer, only in particular microenvironment stiffness. The incorporation of fibrillar silk fibroin within the hydrophilic network of GG in GG75: S25 spongy-like hydrogels closely mimics the stiffness of commercially established cancer biomaterials (e.g., Matrigel, HyStem). The GG75: S25 hydrogel maintains the metabolically active construct for a longer time with elevated expression of osteopontin, osteocalcin, RUNX 2, and bone sialoprotein genes, the biomarkers of osteosarcoma, compared to GG. The GG75: S25 construct also exhibits intense alkaline phosphatase expression in immunohistochemistry compared to GG, indicating itspotentiality to serve as biomimetic niche to model osteosarcoma. Taken together, the GG-silk fibroin-blended spongy-like hydrogel is envisioned as an alternative low-cost platform for 3D cancer modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kundu
- I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics , University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
| | - A R F Bastos
- I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics , University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
| | - V Brancato
- I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics , University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
| | - M T Cerqueira
- I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics , University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
| | - J M Oliveira
- I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics , University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine , Headquarters at University of Minho , Avepark , Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
| | - V M Correlo
- I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics , University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine , Headquarters at University of Minho , Avepark , Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
| | - R L Reis
- I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics , University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine , Headquarters at University of Minho , Avepark , Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
| | - S C Kundu
- I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics , University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
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Chouhan D, Janani G, Chakraborty B, Nandi SK, Mandal BB. Functionalized
PVA
–silk blended nanofibrous mats promote diabetic wound healing via regulation of extracellular matrix and tissue remodelling. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1559-e1570. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimple Chouhan
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati ‐ 781 039 Assam India
| | - G. Janani
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati ‐ 781 039 Assam India
| | - Bijayashree Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and RadiologyWest Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata ‐ 700 037 West Bengal India
| | - Samit K. Nandi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and RadiologyWest Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata ‐ 700 037 West Bengal India
| | - Biman B. Mandal
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati ‐ 781 039 Assam India
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Endothelial Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles Size-dependently Exert Procoagulant Activity Detected by Thromboelastometry. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28623360 PMCID: PMC5473891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are major modulators of hemostasis by expressing and releasing pro- and anticoagulant mediators into the circulation. Previous studies showed that cultured ECs release procoagulant mediators into cell culture supernatants as evidenced by the reduction of viscoelastic clotting time. This effect was reversed with an anti-tissue factor antibody. Here, we aimed to investigate whether tissue factor (TF) was released by endothelial-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and which portion of the released vesicles displays the most prominent procoagulant properties. After stimulation of ECs with tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) the supernatants of EC cultures were subjected to differential centrifugation steps to collect larger and smaller EVs which were then characterised by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and flow cytometry. Mixed with fresh human blood and analysed by thromboelastometry EVs exerted a significant procoagulant stimulus, which could be partly reversed by addition of an anti-TF antibody. Moreover, TF activity was confirmed in the centrifuged fractions. In summary, our results provide evidence of the procoagulant potential of smaller and larger endothelial-derived EV fractions detected by thromboelastometry. The observed effect is most likely due to the release of TF-bearing EVs of different dimensions, which are released upon TNF-α stimulation of endothelial cell cultures.
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Lei C, Zhu H, Li J, Feng X, Chen J. Preparation and hemostatic property of low molecular weight silk fibroin. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2016; 27:403-18. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1136918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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