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Libbrecht S, Vankerckhoven A, de Wijs K, Baert T, Thirion G, Vandenbrande K, Van Gorp T, Timmerman D, Coosemans A, Lagae L. A Microfluidics Approach for Ovarian Cancer Immune Monitoring in an Outpatient Setting. Cells 2023; 13:7. [PMID: 38201211 PMCID: PMC10778191 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Among cancer diagnoses in women, ovarian cancer has the fifth-highest mortality rate. Current treatments are unsatisfactory, and new therapies are highly needed. Immunotherapies show great promise but have not reached their full potential in ovarian cancer patients. Implementation of an immune readout could offer better guidance and development of immunotherapies. However, immune profiling is often performed using a flow cytometer, which is bulky, complex, and expensive. This equipment is centralized and operated by highly trained personnel, making it cumbersome and time-consuming. We aim to develop a disposable microfluidic chip capable of performing an immune readout with the sensitivity needed to guide diagnostic decision making as close as possible to the patient. As a proof of concept of the fluidics module of this concept, acquisition of a limited immune panel based on CD45, CD8, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), and a live/dead marker was compared to a conventional flow cytometer (BD FACSymphony). Based on a dataset of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 15 patients with ovarian cancer across different stages of treatment, we obtained a 99% correlation coefficient for the detection of CD8+PD1+ T cells relative to the total amount of CD45+ white blood cells. Upon further system development comprising further miniaturization of optics, this microfluidics chip could enable immune monitoring in an outpatient setting, facilitating rapid acquisition of data without the need for highly trained staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Libbrecht
- Life Science Technologies, imec, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (S.L.)
| | - Ann Vankerckhoven
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (A.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Koen de Wijs
- Life Science Technologies, imec, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (S.L.)
| | - Thaïs Baert
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Gynecological Oncology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gitte Thirion
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (A.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Katja Vandenbrande
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (A.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Toon Van Gorp
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Gynecological Oncology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Timmerman
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Coosemans
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (A.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Liesbet Lagae
- Life Science Technologies, imec, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (S.L.)
- Physics Department, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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2
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Aghaamoo M, Cardenas-Benitez B, Lee AP. A High-Throughput Microfluidic Cell Sorter Using a Three-Dimensional Coupled Hydrodynamic-Dielectrophoretic Pre-Focusing Module. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1813. [PMID: 37893250 PMCID: PMC10609158 DOI: 10.3390/mi14101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a powerful tool for label-free sorting of cells, even those with subtle differences in morphological and dielectric properties. Nevertheless, a major limitation is that most existing DEP techniques can efficiently sort cells only at low throughputs (<1 mL h-1). Here, we demonstrate that the integration of a three-dimensional (3D) coupled hydrodynamic-DEP cell pre-focusing module upstream of the main DEP sorting region enables cell sorting with a 10-fold increase in throughput compared to conventional DEP approaches. To better understand the key principles and requirements for high-throughput cell separation, we present a comprehensive theoretical model to study the scaling of hydrodynamic and electrostatic forces on cells at high flow rate regimes. Based on the model, we show that the critical cell-to-electrode distance needs to be ≤10 µm for efficient cell sorting in our proposed microfluidic platform, especially at flow rates ≥ 1 mL h-1. Based on those findings, a computational fluid dynamics model and particle tracking analysis were developed to find optimum operation parameters (e.g., flow rate ratios and electric fields) of the coupled hydrodynamic-DEP 3D focusing module. Using these optimum parameters, we experimentally demonstrate live/dead K562 cell sorting at rates as high as 10 mL h-1 (>150,000 cells min-1) with 90% separation purity, 85% cell recovery, and no negative impact on cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aghaamoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.A.); (B.C.-B.)
- Center for Advanced Design & Manufacturing of Integrated Microfluidics (CADMIM), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Braulio Cardenas-Benitez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.A.); (B.C.-B.)
- Center for Advanced Design & Manufacturing of Integrated Microfluidics (CADMIM), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Abraham P. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.A.); (B.C.-B.)
- Center for Advanced Design & Manufacturing of Integrated Microfluidics (CADMIM), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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3
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Abdulhameed A, Halim MM, Halin IA. Dielectrophoretic alignment of carbon nanotubes: theory, applications, and future. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:242001. [PMID: 36921341 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acc46c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nominated to be the successor of several semiconductors and metals due to their unique physical and chemical properties. It has been concerning that the anisotropic and low controllability of CNTs impedes their adoption in commercial applications. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is known as the electrokinetics motion of polarizable nanoparticles under the influence of nonuniform electric fields. The uniqueness of this phenomenon allows DEP to be employed as a novel method to align, assemble, separate, and manipulate CNTs suspended in liquid mediums. This article begins with a brief overview of CNT structure and production, with the emphasize on their electrical properties and response to electric fields. The DEP phenomenon as a CNT alignment method is demonstrated and graphically discussed, along with its theory, procedure, and parameters. We also discussed the side forces that arise in DEP systems and how they negatively or positively affect the CNT alignment. The article concludes with a brief review of CNT-based devices fabricated using DEP, as well as the method's limitations and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohd Mahadi Halim
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia
| | - Izhal Abdul Halin
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia
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4
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Jiang D, Liu S, Tang W. Fabrication and Manipulation of Non-Spherical Particles in Microfluidic Channels: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1659. [PMID: 36296012 PMCID: PMC9611947 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Non-spherical shape is a general appearance feature for bioparticles. Therefore, a mechanical mechanism study of non-spherical particle migration in a microfluidic chip is essential for more precise isolation of target particles. With the manipulation of non-spherical particles, refined disease detection or medical intervention for human beings will be achievable in the future. In this review, fabrication and manipulation of non-spherical particles are discussed. Firstly, various fabrication methods for non-spherical microparticle are introduced. Then, the active and passive manipulation techniques for non-spherical particles are briefly reviewed, including straight inertial microchannels, secondary flow inertial microchannels and deterministic lateral displacement microchannels with extremely high resolution. Finally, applications of viscoelastic flow are presented which obviously increase the precision of non-spherical particle separation. Although various techniques have been employed to improve the performance of non-spherical particle manipulation, the universal mechanism behind this has not been fully discussed. The aim of this review is to provide a reference for non-spherical particle manipulation study researchers in every detail and inspire thoughts for non-spherical particle focused device design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jiang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jiangsu Yuyue Medical Equipment and Supply Co., Ltd., Danyang 212300, China
| | - Shaowei Liu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenlai Tang
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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5
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Ugawa M, Lee H, Baasch T, Lee M, Kim S, Jeong O, Choi YH, Sohn D, Laurell T, Ota S, Lee S. Reduced acoustic resonator dimensions improve focusing efficiency of bacteria and submicron particles. Analyst 2021; 147:274-281. [PMID: 34889326 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01891d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate an acoustofluidic device that enables single-file focusing of submicron particles and bacteria using a two-dimensional (2D) acoustic standing wave. The device consists of a 100 μm × 100 μm square channel that supports 2D particle focusing in the channel center at an actuation frequency of 7.39 MHz. This higher actuation frequency compared with conventional bulk acoustic systems enables radiation-force-dominant motion of submicron particles and overcomes the classical size limitation (≈2 μm) of acoustic focusing. We present acoustic radiation force-based focusing of particles with diameters less than 0.5 μm at a flow rate of 12 μL min-1, and 1.33 μm particles at flow rates up to 80 μL min-1. The device focused 0.25 μm particles by the 2D acoustic radiation force while undergoing a channel cross-section centered, single-vortex acoustic streaming. A suspension of bacteria was also investigated to evaluate the biological relevance of the device, which demonstrated the alignment of bacteria in the channel at a flow rate of up to 20 μL min-1. The developed acoustofluidic device can align submicron particles within a narrow flow stream in a highly robust manner, validating its use as a flow-through focusing chamber to perform high-throughput and accurate flow cytometry of submicron objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Ugawa
- RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 153-8904, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hoyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Thierry Baasch
- Department of Biomedical engineering, Lund University, 22363, Lund, Sweden
| | - Minho Lee
- School of integrative engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Soyun Kim
- Convergence Research Institute, Korea University, 02841, Seoul, Korea.,PCL Inc., 05854, Seoul, Korea
| | - OkChan Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae-si, 50834, Korea
| | | | - Daewon Sohn
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical engineering, Lund University, 22363, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sadao Ota
- RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 153-8904, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - SangWook Lee
- RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 153-8904, Tokyo, Japan. .,Bio-health Product Research Center, Inje University, Gimhae-si, 50834, Korea
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6
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Venugopal D, Kasani N, Manjunath Y, Li G, Kaifi JT, Kwon JW. Clog-free high-throughput microfluidic cell isolation with multifunctional microposts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16685. [PMID: 34404819 PMCID: PMC8370995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics have been applied to filtration of rare tumor cells from the blood as liquid biopsies. Processing is highly limited by low flow rates and device clogging due to a single function of fluidic paths. A novel method using multifunctional hybrid functional microposts was developed. A swift by-passing route for non-tumor cells was integrated to prevent very common clogging problems. Performance was characterized using microbeads (10 µm) and human cancer cells that were spiked in human blood. Design-I showed a capture efficiency of 96% for microbeads and 87% for cancer cells at 1 ml/min flow rate. An improved Design-II presented a higher capture efficiency of 100% for microbeads and 96% for cancer cells. Our method of utilizing various microfluidic functions of separation, bypass and capture has successfully guaranteed highly efficient separation of rare cells from biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Venugopal
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Nanda Kasani
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Yariswamy Manjunath
- Department of Surgery, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Guangfu Li
- Department of Surgery, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Jussuf T Kaifi
- Department of Surgery, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Jae W Kwon
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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7
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Zhou Q, Li M, Fu C, Ren X, Xu Z, Liu X. Precise micro-particle and bubble manipulation by tunable ultrasonic bottle beams. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 75:105602. [PMID: 34052721 PMCID: PMC8176366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a method to generate tunable bottle beams using an ultrasonic lens, by which the bottle position can be precisely adjusted with the change of the acoustic frequency. Therefore, the position of a single particle or bubble in liquid can be manipulated without using phased array which is costly and huge with complex circuits. Furthermore, we introduced this method to multiple bubble manipulation using acoustic holography. The bottle properties against frequency are theoretically and experimentally analyzed. It is shown that the bottle position depends almost linearly on the operating frequency, which provides a basis for the precise manipulation of bubbles and particles. In addition, the relationship between the acoustic radiation force and the drag force under different incident acoustic pressures is considered, establishing a limit on the moving velocity of the trapped particles. The ultrasonic field observation is further demonstrated by Schlieren imaging system. The proposed method has potential biomedical applications, such as more flexible cell manipulation and targeted drug delivery in vivo, as well as potential applications in the study of chemical reactions between micro objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinxin Zhou
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Meiying Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Putuo Hospital, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Chiyuan Fu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuemei Ren
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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8
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Jiang D, Ni C, Tang W, Huang D, Xiang N. Inertial microfluidics in contraction-expansion microchannels: A review. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:041501. [PMID: 34262632 PMCID: PMC8254650 DOI: 10.1063/5.0058732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Inertial microfluidics has brought enormous changes in the conventional cell/particle detection process and now become the main trend of sample pretreatment with outstanding throughput, low cost, and simple control method. However, inertial microfluidics in a straight microchannel is not enough to provide high efficiency and satisfying performance for cell/particle separation. A contraction-expansion microchannel is a widely used and multifunctional channel pattern involving inertial microfluidics, secondary flow, and the vortex in the chamber. The strengthened inertial microfluidics can help us to focus particles with a shorter channel length and less processing time. Both the vortex in the chamber and the secondary flow in the main channel can trap the target particles or separate particles based on their sizes more precisely. The contraction-expansion microchannels are also capable of combining with a curved, spiral, or serpentine channel to further improve the separation performance. Some recent studies have focused on the viscoelastic fluid that utilizes both elastic forces and inertial forces to separate different size particles precisely with a relatively low flow rate for the vulnerable cells. This article comprehensively reviews various contraction-expansion microchannels with Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids for particle focusing, separation, and microfluid mixing and provides particle manipulation performance data analysis for the contraction-expansion microchannel design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jiang
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| | - Chen Ni
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | | | - Di Huang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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Sarno B, Heineck D, Heller MJ, Ibsen SD. Dielectrophoresis: Developments and applications from 2010 to 2020. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:539-564. [PMID: 33191521 PMCID: PMC7986072 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The 20th century has seen tremendous innovation of dielectrophoresis (DEP) technologies, with applications being developed in areas ranging from industrial processing to micro- and nanoscale biotechnology. From 2010 to present day, there have been 981 publications about DEP. Of over 2600 DEP patents held by the United States Patent and Trademark Office, 106 were filed in 2019 alone. This review focuses on DEP-based technologies and application developments between 2010 and 2020, with an aim to highlight the progress and to identify potential areas for future research. A major trend over the last 10 years has been the use of DEP techniques for biological and clinical applications. It has been used in various forms on a diverse array of biologically derived molecules and particles to manipulate and study them including proteins, exosomes, bacteria, yeast, stem cells, cancer cells, and blood cells. DEP has also been used to manipulate nano- and micron-sized particles in order to fabricate different structures. The next 10 years are likely to see the increase in DEP-related patent applications begin to result in a greater level of technology commercialization. Also during this time, innovations in DEP technology will likely be leveraged to continue the existing trend to further biological and medical-focused applications as well as applications in microfabrication. As a tool leveraged by engineering and imaginative scientific design, DEP offers unique capabilities to manipulate small particles in precise ways that can help solve problems and enable scientific inquiry that cannot be addressed using conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Sarno
- Oregon Health and Science University–The Knight Cancer Institute's Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research CenterPortlandORUSA
- University of California San Diego–NanoengineeringLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Daniel Heineck
- Oregon Health and Science University–The Knight Cancer Institute's Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research CenterPortlandORUSA
| | - Michael J. Heller
- Oregon Health and Science University–The Knight Cancer Institute's Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research CenterPortlandORUSA
- University of California San Diego–NanoengineeringLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Stuart D. Ibsen
- Oregon Health and Science University–The Knight Cancer Institute's Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research CenterPortlandORUSA
- Oregon Health and Science University–Biomedical EngineeringPortlandORUSA
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10
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Continuous microfluidic 3D focusing enabling microflow cytometry for single-cell analysis. Talanta 2021; 221:121401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Hydrophoresis — A Microfluidic Principle for Directed Particle Migration in Flow. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-020-4107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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De Jesús Vega M, Wakim J, Orbey N, Barry C. Numerical evaluation and experimental validation of cross-flow microfiltration device design. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:21. [PMID: 30790088 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This research presents a comprehensive analysis of the design and validation of a cross-flow microfiltration device for separation of microspheres based on size. Simulation results showed that pillar size, pillar shape, incorporation of back-flow preventers, and rounding of pillar layouts affected flow patterns in a cross-flow microfiltration device. Simulation results suggest that larger pillar sizes reduce filtration capacity by decreasing the density of microfiltration gaps in the device. Therefore, 10 μm rather than 20 μm diameter pillars were incorporated in the device. Fluid flow was not greatly affected when comparing circular, octagonal, and hexagonal pillars. However, side-channel fluid velocities decreased when using triangular and square pillars. The lengths of back-flow prevention walls were optimized to completely prevent back flow without inhibiting filtration ability. A trade-off was observed in the designs of the pillar layouts; while rounding the pillars layout in the channels bends eliminated stagnation areas, the design also decreased side-channel fluid velocity compared to the right-angle layout. Experimental separation efficiency was tested using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and silicon microfluidic devices with microspheres simulating white and red blood cells. Efficiencies for separation of small microspheres to the side channels ranged from 73 to 75%. The silicon devices retained the large microspheres in the main channel with efficiencies between 95 and 100%, but these efficiencies were lower with PDMS devices and were affected by sphere concentration. Additionally, PDMS devices resulted in greater agglomeration of spheres when compared to silicon devices. PDMS devices, however, were easier and less expensive to fabricate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisel De Jesús Vega
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Joseph Wakim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Nese Orbey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.
| | - Carol Barry
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
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13
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Chen Q, Yuan YJ. A review of polystyrene bead manipulation by dielectrophoresis. RSC Adv 2019; 9:4963-4981. [PMID: 35514668 PMCID: PMC9060650 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09017c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploitation of the intrinsic electrical properties of particles has recently emerged as an appealing approach for trapping and separating various scaled particles. Initiative particle manipulation by dielectrophoresis (DEP) showed remarkable advantages including high speed, ease of handling, high precision and being label-free. Herein, we provide a general overview of the manipulation of polystyrene (PS) beads and related particles via DEP; especially, the wide applications of these manipulated PS beads in the quantitative evaluation of device performance for model validation and standardization have been discussed. The motion and polarizability of the PS beads induced by DEP were analyzed and classified into two categories as positive and negative DEP within the time and space domains. The DEP techniques used for bioparticle manipulation were demonstrated, and their applications were conducted in four fields: trapping of single-sized PS beads, separation of multiple-sized PS beads by size, separation of PS beads and non-bioparticles, and separation of PS beads and bioparticles. Finally, future perspectives on DEP-on-a-chip have been proposed to discriminate bio-targets in the network of microfluidic channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoying Chen
- Laboratory of Biosensing and MicroMechatronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan 610031 China
| | - Yong J Yuan
- Laboratory of Biosensing and MicroMechatronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan 610031 China
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14
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Reale R, De Ninno A, Businaro L, Bisegna P, Caselli F. A simple electrical approach to monitor dielectrophoretic focusing of particles flowing in a microchannel. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1400-1407. [PMID: 30661234 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports an impedance-based system for the quantitative assessment of dielectrophoretic (DEP) focusing of single particles flowing in a microchannel. Particle lateral positions are detected in two electrical sensing zones placed before and after a DEP-focusing region, respectively. In each sensing zone, particle lateral positions are estimated using the unbalance between the opposite pulses of a differential current signal obtained with a straightforward coplanar electrode configuration. The system is used to monitor the focusing of polystyrene beads of 7 or 10 μm diameter, under various conditions of DEP field intensities and flow rates that produce different degrees of focusing. This electrical approach represents a simple and valuable alternative to optical methods for monitoring of particle focusing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Reale
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Adele De Ninno
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Businaro
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Bisegna
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Caselli
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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15
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Serhatlioglu M, Asghari M, Tahsin Guler M, Elbuken C. Impedance-based viscoelastic flow cytometry. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:906-913. [PMID: 30632175 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Elastic nature of the viscoelastic fluids induces lateral migration of particles into a single streamline and can be used by microfluidic based flow cytometry devices. In this study, we investigated focusing efficiency of polyethylene oxide based viscoelastic solutions at varying ionic concentration to demonstrate their use in impedimetric particle characterization systems. Rheological properties of the viscoelastic fluid and particle focusing performance are not affected by ionic concentration. We investigated the viscoelastic focusing dynamics using polystyrene (PS) beads and human red blood cells (RBCs) suspended in the viscoelastic fluid. Elasto-inertial focusing of PS beads was achieved with the combination of inertial and viscoelastic effects. RBCs were aligned along the channel centerline in parachute shape which yielded consistent impedimetric signals. We compared our impedance-based microfluidic flow cytometry results for RBCs and PS beads by analyzing particle transit time and peak amplitude at varying viscoelastic focusing conditions obtained at different flow rates. We showed that single orientation, single train focusing of nonspherical RBCs can be achieved with polyethylene oxide based viscoelastic solution that has been shown to be a good candidate as a carrier fluid for impedance cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Serhatlioglu
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Asghari
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Caglar Elbuken
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Abstract
Traditional fabrication techniques for microfluidic devices utilize a planar chip format that possesses limited control over the geometry of and materials placement around microchannel cross-sections. This imposes restrictions on the design of flow fields and external forces (electric, magnetic, piezoelectric, etc.) that can be imposed onto fluids and particles. Here we report a method of fabricating microfluidic channels with complex cross-sections. A scaled-up version of a microchannel is dimensionally reduced through a thermal drawing process, enabling the fabrication of meters-long microfluidic fibers with nonrectangular cross-sectional shapes, such as crosses, five-pointed stars, and crescents. In addition, by codrawing compatible materials, conductive domains can be integrated at arbitrary locations along channel walls. We validate this technology by studying unexplored regimes in hydrodynamic flow and by designing a high-throughput cell separation device. By enabling these degrees of freedom in microfluidic device design, fiber microfluidics provides a method to create microchannel designs that are inaccessible using planar techniques.
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17
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Yan S, Yuan D, Zhao Q, Zhang J, Li W. The Continuous Concentration of Particles and Cancer Cell Line Using Cell Margination in a Groove-Based Channel. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:mi8110315. [PMID: 30400505 PMCID: PMC6189968 DOI: 10.3390/mi8110315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the capillary venules, blood cells auto-separate with red blood cells aggregating near the centre of vessel and the nucleated cells marginating toward the wall of vessel. In this experiment, we used cell margination to help enrich the Jurkat cells via a groove-based channel which provides a vertical expansion-contraction structure, wherein the red blood cells invade the grooves and push the Jurkat cells to the bottom of the channel. The secondary flows induced by the anisotropic grooves bring the Jurkat cells to the right sidewall. Rigid, 13-µm diameter polystyrene particles were spiked into the whole blood to verify the operating principle under various working conditions, and then tests were carried out using Jurkat cells (~15 µm). The performance of this device was quantified by analysing the cell distribution in a transverse direction at the outlet, and then measuring the cell concentration from the corresponding outlets. The results indicate that Jurkat cells were enriched by 22.3-fold with a recovery rate of 83.4%, thus proving that this microfluidic platform provides a gentle and passive way to isolate intact and viable Jurkat cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yan
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Dan Yuan
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Qianbin Zhao
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Weihua Li
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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18
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Asghari M, Serhatlioglu M, Ortaç B, Solmaz ME, Elbuken C. Sheathless Microflow Cytometry Using Viscoelastic Fluids. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12342. [PMID: 28955054 PMCID: PMC5617843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microflow cytometry is a powerful technique for characterization of particles suspended in a solution. In this work, we present a microflow cytometer based on viscoelastic focusing. 3D single-line focusing of microparticles was achieved in a straight capillary using viscoelastic focusing which alleviated the need for sheath flow or any other actuation mechanism. Optical detection was performed by fiber coupled light source and photodetectors. Using this system, we present the detection of microparticles suspended in three different viscoelastic solutions. The rheological properties of the solutions were measured and used to assess the focusing performance both analytically and numerically. The results were verified experimentally, and it has been shown that polyethlyene oxide (PEO) and hyaluronic acid (HA) based sheathless microflow cytometer demonstrates similar performance to state-of-the art flow cytometers. The sheathless microflow cytometer was shown to present 780 particles/s throughput and 5.8% CV for the forward scatter signal for HA-based focusing. The presented system is composed of a single capillary to accommodate the fluid and optical fibers to couple the light to the fluid of interest. Thanks to its simplicity, the system has the potential to widen the applicability of microflow cytometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asghari
- UNAM - National Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Serhatlioglu
- UNAM - National Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bülend Ortaç
- UNAM - National Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet E Solmaz
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Caglar Elbuken
- UNAM - National Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
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19
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Biofluid pretreatment using gradient insulator-based dielectrophoresis: separating cells from biomarkers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6405-6414. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Development of a novel magnetophoresis-assisted hydrophoresis microdevice for rapid particle ordering. Biomed Microdevices 2017; 18:54. [PMID: 27289469 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Focusing and ordering of micro- or nanoparticles is an essential ability in microfluidic platforms for bio-sample processing. Hydrophoresis is an effective method utilising hydrodynamic force to focus microparticles, but it is limited by the fixed operational range and the lack of flexibility. Here, we report a work to tune and improve the dynamic range of hydrophoresis device using magnetophoresis. In this work, a novel approach was presented to fabricate the lateral fluidic ports, which allow the flipped chip to remain stable on the stage of microscope. Diamagnetic polystyrene microparticles suspended in a ferrofluidic medium were repelled to the lower level of the channel by negative magnetophoretic force, and then interact with grooves of microchannel to obtain an excellent hydrophoretic ordering. The effects of (i) flow rate, (ii) particle size, (iii) magnetic susceptibility of the medium, and (iv) number of magnets on the particle focusing efficiency were also reported. As the proposed magnetophorsis-assisted hydrophoretic device is tuneable and simple, it holds great potential to be integrated with other microfluidic components to form an integrated sample-to-answer system.
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21
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Kim B, Oh S, You D, Choi S. Microfluidic Pipette Tip for High-Purity and High-Throughput Blood Plasma Separation from Whole Blood. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1439-1444. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Byeongyeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sein Oh
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon You
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyoung Choi
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
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22
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Yan S, Zhang J, Yuan D, Li W. Hybrid microfluidics combined with active and passive approaches for continuous cell separation. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:238-249. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yan
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Dan Yuan
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
| | - Weihua Li
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
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23
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Kim B, Choi YJ, Seo H, Shin EC, Choi S. Deterministic Migration-Based Separation of White Blood Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:5159-5168. [PMID: 27490148 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Functional and phenotypic analyses of peripheral white blood cells provide useful clinical information. However, separation of white blood cells from peripheral blood requires a time-consuming, inconvenient process and thus analyses of separated white blood cells are limited in clinical settings. To overcome this limitation, a microfluidic separation platform is developed to enable deterministic migration of white blood cells, directing the cells into designated positions according to a ridge pattern. The platform uses slant ridge structures on the channel top to induce the deterministic migration, which allows efficient and high-throughput separation of white blood cells from unprocessed whole blood. The extent of the deterministic migration under various rheological conditions is explored, enabling highly efficient migration of white blood cells in whole blood and achieving high-throughput separation of the cells (processing 1 mL of whole blood less than 7 min). In the separated cell population, the composition of lymphocyte subpopulations is well preserved, and T cells secrete cytokines without any functional impairment. On the basis of the results, this microfluidic platform is a promising tool for the rapid enrichment of white blood cells, and it is useful for functional and phenotypic analyses of peripheral white blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongyeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyekyung Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungyoung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Wang Y, Du F, Baune M, Thöming J. Predicting and eliminating Joule heating constraints in large dielectrophoretic IDE separators. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Jia Y, Ren Y, Jiang H. Continuous dielectrophoretic particle separation using a microfluidic device with 3D electrodes and vaulted obstacles. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1744-53. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yankai Jia
- School of Mechatronics Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin P. R. China
| | - Yukun Ren
- School of Mechatronics Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin P. R. China
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin P. R. China
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26
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Jia Y, Ren Y, Jiang H. Continuous-flow focusing of microparticles using induced-charge electroosmosis in a microfluidic device with 3D AgPDMS electrodes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14854e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient continuous-flow focusing of microparticles using induced-charge electroosmosis is presented and 3D AgPDMS electrodes are employed to avoid the negative effects of alternating current electroosmosis and dielectrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankai Jia
- School of Mechatronics Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- PR China 150001
| | - Yukun Ren
- School of Mechatronics Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- PR China 150001
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- PR China 150001
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System
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27
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Yan S, Zhang J, Yuan Y, Lovrecz G, Alici G, Du H, Zhu Y, Li W. A hybrid dielectrophoretic and hydrophoretic microchip for particle sorting using integrated prefocusing and sorting steps. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:284-91. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yan
- School of Mechanical; Materials and Mechatronic Engineering; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Mechanical; Materials and Mechatronic Engineering; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | | | - Gursel Alici
- School of Mechanical; Materials and Mechatronic Engineering; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
| | - Haiping Du
- School of Electric; Computer and Telecommunication Engineering; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
| | - Yonggang Zhu
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship; Clayton Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication/Australian National Fabrication Facility; Clayton Australia
| | - Weihua Li
- School of Mechanical; Materials and Mechatronic Engineering; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
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28
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Yan S, Zhang J, Chen H, Alici G, Du H, Zhu Y, Li W. Making a hydrophoretic focuser tunable using a diaphragm. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:064115. [PMID: 25587372 PMCID: PMC4290633 DOI: 10.1063/1.4903761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic diagnostic devices often require handling particles or cells with different sizes. In this investigation, a tunable hydrophoretic device was developed which consists of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) slab with hydrophoretic channel, a PDMS diaphragm with pressure channel, and a glass slide. The height of the hydrophoretic channel can be tuned simply and reliably by deforming the elastomeric diaphragm with pressure applied on the pressure channel. This operation allows the device to have a large operating range where different particles and complex biological samples can be processed. The focusing performance of this device was tested using blood cells that varied in shape and size. The hydrophoretic channel had a large cross section which enabled a throughput capability for cell focusing of ∼15 000 cells s(-1), which was more than the conventional hydrophoretic focusing and dielectrophoresis (DEP)-active hydrophoretic methods. This tunable hydrophoretic focuser can potentially be integrated into advanced lab-on-a-chip bioanalysis devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yan
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Huaying Chen
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship , Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | | | - Haiping Du
- School of Electric, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | | | - Weihua Li
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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29
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Yan S, Zhang J, Alici G, Du H, Zhu Y, Li W. Isolating plasma from blood using a dielectrophoresis-active hydrophoretic device. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2993-3003. [PMID: 24939716 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00343h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasma is a complex substance that contains proteins and circulating nucleic acids and viruses that can be utilised for clinical diagnostics, albeit a precise analysis depends on the plasma being totally free of cells. We proposed the use of a dielectrophoresis (DEP)-active hydrophoretic method to isolate plasma from blood in a high-throughput manner. This microfluidic device consists of anisotropic microstructures embedded on the top of the channel which generate lateral pressure gradients while interdigitised electrodes lay on the bottom of the channel which can push particles or cells into a higher level using a negative DEP force. Large and small particles or cells (3 μm and 10 μm particles, and red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) can be focused at the same time in our DEP-active hydrophoretic device at an appropriate flow rate and applied voltage. Based on this principle, all the blood cells were filtrated from whole blood and then the plasma was extracted with a purity of 94.2% and a yield of 16.5% at a flow rate of 10 μL min(-1). This solved the challenging problem caused by the relatively low throughput of the DEP based device. Our DEP-active hydrophoretic device is a flexible and tunable system that can control the lateral positions of particles by modulating the external voltages without redesigning and fabricating a new channel, and because it is easy to operate, it is easily compatible with other microfluidic platforms that are used for further detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yan
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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30
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Zhang J, Yan S, Alici G, Nguyen NT, Di Carlo D, Li W. Real-time control of inertial focusing in microfluidics using dielectrophoresis (DEP). RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13075h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we explored the possibility of combining dielectrophoresis (DEP) and inertial focusing in a fully coupled manner and proposed a new concept, which is called DEP-inertial microfluidics. A vertical DEP force is used to tune the inertial focusing pattern and position in three dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- School of Mechanical
- Materials and Mechatronic Engineering
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong, Australia
| | - Sheng Yan
- School of Mechanical
- Materials and Mechatronic Engineering
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong, Australia
| | - Gursel Alici
- School of Mechanical
- Materials and Mechatronic Engineering
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro-and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering
- University of California
- Los Angeles, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute
- Los Angeles, USA
| | - Weihua Li
- School of Mechanical
- Materials and Mechatronic Engineering
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong, Australia
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