Enantio-relay catalysis constructs chiral biaryl alcohols over cascade Suzuki cross-coupling-asymmetric transfer hydrogenation

Ionic Liquids in Metal, Photo-, Electro-, and (Bio) Catalysis

Ionic liquids (ILs) have unique physicochemical properties that make them advantageous for catalysis, such as low vapor pressure, non-flammability, high thermal and chemical stabilities, and the ability to enhance the activity and stability of (bio)catalysts. ILs can improve the efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability of bio(transformations) by acting as activators of enzymes, selectively dissolving substrates and products, and reducing toxicity. They can also be recycled and reused multiple times without losing their effectiveness. ILs based on imidazolium cation are preferred for structural organization aspects, with a semiorganized layer surrounding the catalyst. ILs act as a container, providing a confined space that allows modulation of electronic and geometric effects, miscibility of reactants and products, and residence time of species. ILs can stabilize ionic and radical species and control the catalytic activity of dynamic processes. Supported IL phase (SILP) derivatives and polymeric ILs (PILs) are good options for molecular engineering of greener catalytic processes. The major factors governing metal, photo-, electro-, and biocatalysts in ILs are discussed in detail based on the vast literature available over the past two and a half decades. Catalytic reactions, ranging from hydrogenation and cross-coupling to oxidations, promoted by homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in both single and multiphase conditions, are extensively reviewed and discussed considering the knowledge accumulated until now.

Asymmetric one-pot reactions using heterogeneous chemical catalysis: recent steps towards sustainable processes

Asymmetric one-pot reactions applying heterogeneous chemical catalysts and unifying the benefits of these catalytic materials with the advantages of one-pot methods, are surveyed.

Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation–Sonogashira coupling one-pot enantioselective tandem reaction catalysed by Pd(0)–Ru(iii)/diamine-bifunctionalized periodic mesoporous organosilica

Pd(0)–Ru(iii)/diamine-functionalized periodic mesoporous organosilica for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation–Sonogashira coupling of iodoacetophenone and arynes is investigated.

One-pot synthesis of optically pure β-hydroxy sulfones via a heterogeneous ruthenium/diamine-promoted nucleophilic substitution-asymmetric transfer hydrogenation tandem process

Chiral ruthenium/diamine-functionalized mesoporous silica is synthesized and its application in the one-pot synthesis of chiral β-hydroxy sulfones is investigated.

Yolk–shell-structured mesoporous silica: a bifunctional catalyst for nitroaldol–Michael one-pot cascade reaction

A site-isolated yolk–shell-structured mesoporous silica for the nitroaldol–Michael one-pot enantio-relay reaction to convert aldehydes, nitromethane and acetylacetone to chiral diones is developed.

Enantioselective tandem reaction over a site-isolated bifunctional catalyst

An active site-isolated organoruthenium-/organopalladium-functionalized yolk–shell-structured mesoporous silica is developed and its application in the one-pot enantioselective tandem Sonogashira coupling–asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of haloacetophenones and arylacetylenes to various chiral conjugated alkynols is investigated.

Ru coordinated with BINAP in knitting aryl network polymers for heterogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation of methyl acetoacetate

The aryl network polymers formed by Friedel–Crafts reaction with no-modified BINAP chiral ligand, and its application in asymmetric hydrogenation.