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Tzean Y, Chang HH, Tu TC, Hou BH, Chen HM, Chiu YS, Chou WY, Chang L, Yeh HH. Engineering Plant Resistance to Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Thailand Virus Using a Phloem-Specific Promoter Expressing Hairpin RNA. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:87-97. [PMID: 31638467 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-19-0158-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic approaches employing RNA interference (RNAi) strategies have been successfully applied to generate desired traits in plants; however, variations between RNAi transgenic siblings and the ability to quickly apply RNAi resistance to diverse cultivars remain challenging. In this study, we assessed the promoter activity of a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (35S) and a phloem-specific promoter derived from rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and their efficacy to drive RNAi against the endogenous glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase gene (GSA) that acts as a RNAi marker, through chlorophyll synthesis inhibition, and against tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV), a begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) reported to be the prevalent cause of tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) in Taiwan. Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana expressing hairpin RNA of GSA driven by either the 35S or RTBV promoter revealed that RTBV::hpGSA induced stronger silencing along the vein and more uniformed silencing phenotype among its siblings than 35S::hpGSA. Analysis of transgenic N. benthamiana, 35S::hpTYLCTHV, and RTBV::hpTYLCTHV revealed that, although 35S::hpTYLCTHV generated a higher abundance of small RNA than RTBV::hpTYLCTHV, RTBV::hpTYLCTHV transgenic plants conferred better TYLCTHV resistance than 35S::hpTYLCTHV. Grafting of wild-type (WT) scions to TYLCTHV RNAi rootstocks allowed transferable TYLCTHV resistance to the scion. A TYLCTHV-inoculation assay showed that noninfected WT scions were only observed when grafted to RTBV::hpTYLCTHV rootstocks but not 35S::hpTYLCTHV nor WT rootstocks. Together, our findings demonstrate an approach that may be widely applied to efficiently confer TYLCD resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh Tzean
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Hsiung Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Chin Tu
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Han Hou
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Ming Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shu Chiu
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yi Chou
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Li Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hung Yeh
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Da'an District, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Zhu M, van Grinsven IL, Kormelink R, Tao X. Paving the Way to Tospovirus Infection: Multilined Interplays with Plant Innate Immunity. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 57:41-62. [PMID: 30893008 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-082718-100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tospoviruses are among the most important plant pathogens and cause serious crop losses worldwide. Tospoviruses have evolved to smartly utilize the host cellular machinery to accomplish their life cycle. Plants mount two layers of defense to combat their invasion. The first one involves the activation of an antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) defense response. However, tospoviruses encode an RNA silencing suppressor that enables them to counteract antiviral RNAi. To further combat viral invasion, plants also employ intracellular innate immune receptors (e.g., Sw-5b and Tsw) to recognize different viral effectors (e.g., NSm and NSs). This leads to the triggering of a much more robust defense against tospoviruses called effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Tospoviruses have further evolved their effectors and can break Sw-5b-/Tsw-mediated resistance. The arms race between tospoviruses and both layers of innate immunity drives the coevolution of host defense and viral genes involved in counter defense. In this review, a state-of-the-art overview is presented on the tospoviral life cycle and the multilined interplays between tospoviruses and the distinct layers of defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Irene Louise van Grinsven
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Kormelink
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaorong Tao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
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Kang YC, Wang YC, Hsia CM, Tsai WS, Huang LH, Yeh SD, Chen TC. Molecular Characterization and Detection of a Genetically Distinct Tomato Chlorosis Virus Strain in Taiwan. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:600-607. [PMID: 30673497 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-17-0728-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The whitefly-transmitted tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) belonging to the genus Crinivirus (family Closteroviridae) affects tomato production worldwide. ToCV was first recorded in Taiwan in 1998 affecting tomato production. In this study, a local virus isolate XS was obtained, after serial whitefly transmissions from a diseased tomato plant displaying general chlorosis were collected in central Taiwan. The whole genome sequence of XS was determined from cDNA fragments amplified by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, first using the degenerate primers for viruses of Closteroviridae and followed by degenerate and specific primers designed on available sequences of the ToCV isolates. The nucleotide (nt) sequences of RNA-1 and RNA-2 of the XS shared low identities of 77.8 to 78% and 78 to 78.1%, respectively, with genome segments of other ToCV isolates. Nevertheless, the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), heat shock protein 70 homolog (Hsp70h), and major capsid protein (CP) shared 88.3 to 96.2% amino acid (aa) identities with other ToCV isolates, indicating that XS is a new strain of this virus. Phylogenetic analyses of these three proteins indicated that all ToCV isolates from different counties outside Taiwan are closely related and clustered in the same clade, whereas the XS isolate is distinct and forms a unique branch. A one tube RT-PCR assay using primers designed from the genomic sequence of the XS was able to detect the ToCV-XS in infected tomato plants and in individual whiteflies. A field survey during 2013 to 2016 revealed a high ToCV-XS prevalence of 60.5% in 172 tested tomato samples, demonstrating that ToCV-XS is becoming an emerging threat for tomato production in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chi Kang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Hsia
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shi Tsai
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsin Huang
- Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute, Wufeng, Taichung 41358, Taiwan
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chi Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, and Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Chen S, Yu X, Guo D. CRISPR-Cas Targeting of Host Genes as an Antiviral Strategy. Viruses 2018; 10:E40. [PMID: 29337866 PMCID: PMC5795453 DOI: 10.3390/v10010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, a new gene editing tool-the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) associated (Cas) system-is becoming a promising approach for genetic manipulation at the genomic level. This simple method, originating from the adaptive immune defense system in prokaryotes, has been developed and applied to antiviral research in humans. Based on the characteristics of virus-host interactions and the basic rules of nucleic acid cleavage or gene activation of the CRISPR-Cas system, it can be used to target both the virus genome and host factors to clear viral reservoirs and prohibit virus infection or replication. Here, we summarize recent progress of the CRISPR-Cas technology in editing host genes as an antiviral strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuliang Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Xiao Yu
- Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Deyin Guo
- School of Medicine (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Hadidi A, Flores R, Candresse T, Barba M. Next-Generation Sequencing and Genome Editing in Plant Virology. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1325. [PMID: 27617007 PMCID: PMC4999435 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been applied to plant virology since 2009. NGS provides highly efficient, rapid, low cost DNA, or RNA high-throughput sequencing of the genomes of plant viruses and viroids and of the specific small RNAs generated during the infection process. These small RNAs, which cover frequently the whole genome of the infectious agent, are 21-24 nt long and are known as vsRNAs for viruses and vd-sRNAs for viroids. NGS has been used in a number of studies in plant virology including, but not limited to, discovery of novel viruses and viroids as well as detection and identification of those pathogens already known, analysis of genome diversity and evolution, and study of pathogen epidemiology. The genome engineering editing method, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 system has been successfully used recently to engineer resistance to DNA geminiviruses (family, Geminiviridae) by targeting different viral genome sequences in infected Nicotiana benthamiana or Arabidopsis plants. The DNA viruses targeted include tomato yellow leaf curl virus and merremia mosaic virus (begomovirus); beet curly top virus and beet severe curly top virus (curtovirus); and bean yellow dwarf virus (mastrevirus). The technique has also been used against the RNA viruses zucchini yellow mosaic virus, papaya ringspot virus and turnip mosaic virus (potyvirus) and cucumber vein yellowing virus (ipomovirus, family, Potyviridae) by targeting the translation initiation genes eIF4E in cucumber or Arabidopsis plants. From these recent advances of major importance, it is expected that NGS and CRISPR-Cas technologies will play a significant role in the very near future in advancing the field of plant virology and connecting it with other related fields of biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hadidi
- United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research ServiceBeltsville, MD, USA
| | - Ricardo Flores
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia–Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasValencia, Spain
| | - Thierry Candresse
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Marina Barba
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per la Patologia VegetaleRome, Italy
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Paul JW, Qi Y. CRISPR/Cas9 for plant genome editing: accomplishments, problems and prospects. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:1417-27. [PMID: 27114166 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-1985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The increasing burden of the world population on agriculture requires the development of more robust crops. Dissecting the basic biology that underlies plant development and stress responses will inform the design of better crops. One powerful tool for studying plants at the molecular level is the RNA-programmed genome editing system composed of a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-encoded guide RNA and the nuclease Cas9. Here, some of the recent advances in CRISPR/Cas9 technology that have profound implications for improving the study of plant biology are described. These tools are also paving the way towards new horizons for biotechnologies and crop development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Paul
- Department of Biology, Thomas Harriot College of Arts and Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Yiping Qi
- Department of Biology, Thomas Harriot College of Arts and Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA.
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Genetic Engineering and Sustainable Crop Disease Management: Opportunities for Case-by-Case Decision-Making. SUSTAINABILITY 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/su8050495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Baltes NJ, Hummel AW, Konecna E, Cegan R, Bruns AN, Bisaro DM, Voytas DF. Conferring resistance to geminiviruses with the CRISPR-Cas prokaryotic immune system. NATURE PLANTS 2015; 1:15145. [PMID: 34824864 PMCID: PMC8612103 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2015.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To reduce crop losses due to geminivirus infection, we targeted the bean yellow dwarf virus (BeYDV) genome for destruction with the CRISPR-Cas (clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated proteins) system. Transient assays using BeYDV-based replicons revealed that CRISPR-Cas reagents introduced mutations within the viral genome and reduced virus copy number. Transgenic plants expressing CRISPR-Cas reagents and challenged with BeYDV had reduced virus load and symptoms, thereby demonstrating a novel strategy for engineering resistance to geminiviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Baltes
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Aaron W. Hummel
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Eva Konecna
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Radim Cegan
- Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics ASCR, v.v.i., Kralovopolska street 135, Brno 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Aaron N. Bruns
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for Applied Plant Sciences, and Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - David M. Bisaro
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for Applied Plant Sciences, and Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Daniel F. Voytas
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to D.F.V.
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Baltes NJ, Hummel AW, Konecna E, Cegan R, Bruns AN, Bisaro DM, Voytas DF. Conferring resistance to geminiviruses with the CRISPR-Cas prokaryotic immune system. NATURE PLANTS 2015. [PMID: 34824864 DOI: 10.1039/nplants.2015.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
To reduce crop losses due to geminivirus infection, we targeted the bean yellow dwarf virus (BeYDV) genome for destruction with the CRISPR-Cas (clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated proteins) system. Transient assays using BeYDV-based replicons revealed that CRISPR-Cas reagents introduced mutations within the viral genome and reduced virus copy number. Transgenic plants expressing CRISPR-Cas reagents and challenged with BeYDV had reduced virus load and symptoms, thereby demonstrating a novel strategy for engineering resistance to geminiviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Baltes
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Aaron W Hummel
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Eva Konecna
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Radim Cegan
- Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics ASCR, v.v.i., Kralovopolska street 135, Brno 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Aaron N Bruns
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for Applied Plant Sciences, and Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - David M Bisaro
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for Applied Plant Sciences, and Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Daniel F Voytas
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Leibman D, Prakash S, Wolf D, Zelcer A, Anfoka G, Haviv S, Brumin M, Gaba V, Arazi T, Lapidot M, Gal-On A. Immunity to tomato yellow leaf curl virus in transgenic tomato is associated with accumulation of transgene small RNA. Arch Virol 2015; 160:2727-39. [PMID: 26255053 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gene silencing is a natural defense response of plants against invading RNA and DNA viruses. The RNA post-transcriptional silencing system has been commonly utilized to generate transgenic crop plants that are "immune" to plant virus infection. Here, we applied this approach against the devastating DNA virus tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in its host tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). To generate broad resistance to a number of different TYLCV viruses, three conserved sequences (the intergenic region [NCR], V1-V2 and C1-C2 genes) from the genome of the severe virus (TYLCV) were synthesized as a single insert and cloned into a hairpin configuration in a binary vector, which was used to transform TYLCV-susceptible tomato plants. Eight of 28 independent transgenic tomato lines exhibited immunity to TYLCV-Is and to TYLCV-Mld, but not to tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus, which shares relatively low sequence homology with the transgene. In addition, a marker-free (nptII-deleted) transgenic tomato line was generated for the first time by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation without antibiotic selection, followed by screening of 1180 regenerated shoots by whitefly-mediated TYLCV inoculation. Resistant lines showed a high level of transgene-siRNA (t-siRNA) accumulation (22% of total small RNA) with dominant sizes of 21 nt (73%) and 22 nt (22%). The t-siRNA displayed hot-spot distribution ("peaks") along the transgene, with different distribution patterns than the viral-siRNA peaks observed in TYLCV-infected tomato. A grafting experiment demonstrated the mobility of 0.04% of the t-siRNA from transgenic rootstock to non-transformed scion, even though scion resistance against TYLCV was not achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Leibman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, ARO, Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Shanmugam Prakash
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, ARO, Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Dalia Wolf
- Department of Vegetable Research, ARO, Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Aaron Zelcer
- Department of Vegetable Research, ARO, Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Ghandi Anfoka
- Department of Biotechnology, Al-Balqa' Applied University, Al-Salt, 19117, Jordan
| | - Sabrina Haviv
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, ARO, Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Marina Brumin
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, ARO, Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Victor Gaba
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, ARO, Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Tzahi Arazi
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, ARO, Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Moshe Lapidot
- Department of Vegetable Research, ARO, Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Amit Gal-On
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, ARO, Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel.
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Yazhisai U, Rajagopalan PA, Raja JAJ, Chen TC, Yeh SD. Untranslatable tospoviral NSs fragment coupled with L conserved region enhances transgenic resistance against the homologous virus and a serologically unrelated tospovirus. Transgenic Res 2015; 24:635-49. [PMID: 25721329 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-015-9865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tospoviruses cause severe damages to important crops worldwide. In this study, Nicotiana benthamiana transgenic lines carrying individual untranslatable constructs comprised of the conserved region of the L gene (denoted as L), the 5' half of NSs coding sequence (NSs) or the antisense fragment of whole N coding sequence (N) of Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV), individually or in combination, were generated. A total of 15-17 transgenic N. benthamiana lines carrying individual transgenes were evaluated against WSMoV and the serologically unrelated Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Among lines carrying single or chimeric transgenes, the level of resistance ranged from susceptible to completely resistant against WSMoV. From the lines carrying individual transgenes and highly resistant to WSMoV (56-63% of lines assayed), 30% of the L lines (3/10 lines assayed) and 11% of NSs lines (1/9 lines assayed) were highly resistant against TSWV. The chimeric transgenes provided higher degrees of resistance against WSMoV (80-88%), and the NSs fragment showed an additive effect to enhance the resistance to TSWV. Particularly, the chimeric transgenes with the triple combination of fragments, namely L/NSs/N or HpL/NSs/N (a hairpin construct), provided a higher degree of resistance (both 50%, with 7/14 lines assayed) against TSWV. Our results indicate that the untranslatable NSs fragment is able to enhance the transgenic resistance conferred by the L conserved region. The better performance of L/NSs/N and HpL/NSs/N in transgenic N. benthamiana lines suggests their potential usefulness in generating high levels of enhanced transgenic resistance against serologically unrelated tospoviruses in agronomic crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uthaman Yazhisai
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, National Chung Hsing University, 250-Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, ROC
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