1
|
Wong TI, Ng C, Lin S, Chen Z, Zhou X. Adaptive Fabrication of Electrochemical Chips with a Paste-Dispensing 3D Printer. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2844. [PMID: 38732950 PMCID: PMC11086071 DOI: 10.3390/s24092844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical (EC) detection is a powerful tool supporting simple, low-cost, and rapid analysis. Although screen printing is commonly used to mass fabricate disposable EC chips, its mask is relatively expensive. In this research, we demonstrated a method for fabricating three-electrode EC chips using 3D printing of relatively high-viscosity paste. The electrodes consisted of two layers, with carbon paste printed over silver/silver chloride paste, and the printed EC chips were baked at 70 °C for 1 h. Engineering challenges such as bulging of the tubing, clogging of the nozzle, dripping, and local accumulation of paste were solved by material selection for the tube and nozzle, and process optimization in 3D printing. The EC chips demonstrated good reversibility in redox reactions through cyclic voltammetry tests, and reliably detected heavy metal ions Pb(II) and Cd(II) in solutions using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry measurements. The results indicate that by optimizing the 3D printing of paste, EC chips can be obtained by maskless and flexible 3D printing techniques in lieu of screen printing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ten It Wong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore;
| | - Candy Ng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N4.1, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (C.N.); (Z.C.)
| | - Shengxuan Lin
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore;
| | - Zhong Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N4.1, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (C.N.); (Z.C.)
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reizabal A, Saiz PG, Luposchainsky S, Liashenko I, Chasko D, Lanceros-Méndez S, Lindberg G, Dalton PD. Cryo-Electrohydrodynamic Jetting of Aqueous Silk Fibroin Solutions. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1843-1855. [PMID: 37988293 PMCID: PMC10934238 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of 3D-printing principles with electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jetting provides a harmonious balance between resolution and processing speed, allowing for the creation of high-resolution centimeter-scale constructs. Typically, EHD jetting of polymer melts offers the advantage of rapid solidification, while processing polymer solutions requires solvent evaporation to transition into solid fibers, creating challenges for reliable printing. This study navigates a hybrid approach aimed at minimizing printing instabilities by combining viscous solutions and achieving rapid solidification through freezing. Our method introduces and fully describes a modified open-source 3D printer equipped with a frozen collector that operates at -35 °C. As a proof of concept, highly concentrated silk fibroin aqueous solutions are processed into stable micrometer scale jets, which rapidly solidify upon contact with the frozen collector. This results in the formation of uniform microfibers characterized by an average diameter of 27 ± 5 μm, a textured surface, and porous internal channels. The absence of instabilities and the notably fast direct writing speed of 42 mm·s-1 enable precise, fast, and reliable deposition of these fibers into porous constructs spanning several centimeters. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by the consistent production of biologically relevant scaffolds that can be customized with varying pore sizes and shapes. The achieved degree of control over micrometric jet solidification and deposition dynamics represents a significant advancement in EHD jetting, particularly within the domain of aqueous polymer solutions, offering new opportunities for the development of intricate and functional biological structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ander Reizabal
- Phil
and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, 1505 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene 97403, Oregon, United States
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, Bldg. Martina Casiano, UPV/EHU Science
Park, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Paula G. Saiz
- Phil
and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, 1505 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene 97403, Oregon, United States
- Macromolecular
Chemistry Group (LABQUIMAC), Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, E-48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Simon Luposchainsky
- Phil
and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, 1505 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene 97403, Oregon, United States
| | - Ievgenii Liashenko
- Phil
and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, 1505 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene 97403, Oregon, United States
| | - DeShea Chasko
- Phil
and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, 1505 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene 97403, Oregon, United States
| | | | - Gabriella Lindberg
- Phil
and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, 1505 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene 97403, Oregon, United States
| | - Paul D. Dalton
- Phil
and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, 1505 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene 97403, Oregon, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang W, Wu G, Zeng H, Li Z, Wu W, Jiang H, Zhang W, Wu R, Huang Y, Lei Z. The Preparation, Structural Design, and Application of Electroactive Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-Based Materials for Wearable Sensors and Human Energy Harvesters. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2766. [PMID: 37447413 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to their biocompatibility, chemical stability, film-forming ability, cost-effectiveness, and excellent electroactive properties, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and PVDF-based polymers are widely used in sensors, actuators, energy harvesters, etc. In this review, the recent research progress on the PVDF phase structures and identification of different phases is outlined. Several approaches for obtaining the electroactive phase of PVDF and preparing PVDF-based nanocomposites are described. Furthermore, the potential applications of these materials in wearable sensors and human energy harvesters are discussed. Finally, some challenges and perspectives for improving the properties and boosting the applications of these materials are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Zhang
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Guohua Wu
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Hailan Zeng
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Ziyu Li
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Haiyun Jiang
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Weili Zhang
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Ruomei Wu
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yiyang Huang
- Shenzhen Glareway Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Zhiyong Lei
- Shenzhen Glareway Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Reizabal A, Tandon B, Lanceros-Méndez S, Dalton PD. Electrohydrodynamic 3D Printing of Aqueous Solutions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205255. [PMID: 36482162 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Among the various electrohydrodynamic (EHD) processing techniques, electrowriting (EW) produces the most complex 3D structures. Aqueous solution EW similarly retains the potential for additive manufacturing well-resolved 3D structures, while providing new opportunities for processing biologically derived polymers and eschewing organic solvents. However, research on aqueous-based EHD processing is still limited. To summarize the field and advocate for increased use of aqueous bio-based materials, this review summarizes the most significant contributions of aqueous solution processing. Special emphasis has been placed on understanding the effects of different printing parameters, the prospects for 3D processing new materials, and future challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ander Reizabal
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, 1505 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, 97403, OR, USA
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Biranche Tandon
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, 1505 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, 97403, OR, USA
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Paul D Dalton
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, 1505 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, 97403, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Experimental Analysis of Wax Micro-Droplet 3D Printing Based on a High-Voltage Electric Field-Driven Jet Deposition Technology. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
High-voltage electric field-driven jet deposition technology is a novel high resolution micro scale 3D printing method. In this paper, a novel micro 3D printing method is proposed to fabricate wax micro-structures. The mechanism of the Taylor cone generation and droplet eject deposition was analyzed, and a high-voltage electric field-driven jet printing experimental system was developed based on the principle of forming. The effects of process parameters, such as pulse voltages, gas pressures, pulse width, pulse frequency, and movement velocity, on wax printing were investigated. The experimental results show that the increasing of pulse width and duration of pulse high voltage increased at the same pulse frequency, resulting in the micro-droplet diameter being increased. The deposited droplet underwent a process of spreading, shrinking, and solidifying. The local remelting and bonding were acquired between the contact surfaces of the adjacent deposited droplets. According to the experiment results, a horizontal line and a vertical micro-column were fabricated by adjusting the process parameters; their size deviation was controlled within 2%. This research shows that it is feasible to fabricate the micro-scale wax structure using high-voltage electric field-driven jet deposition technology.
Collapse
|
6
|
King WE, Bowlin GL. Near-Field Electrospinning and Melt Electrowriting of Biomedical Polymers-Progress and Limitations. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1097. [PMID: 33808288 PMCID: PMC8037214 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-field electrospinning (NFES) and melt electrowriting (MEW) are the process of extruding a fiber due to the force exerted by an electric field and collecting the fiber before bending instabilities occur. When paired with precise relative motion between the polymer source and the collector, a fiber can be directly written as dictated by preprogrammed geometry. As a result, this precise fiber control results in another dimension of scaffold tailorability for biomedical applications. In this review, biomedically relevant polymers that to date have manufactured fibers by NFES/MEW are explored and the present limitations in direct fiber writing of standardization in published setup details, fiber write throughput, and increased ease in the creation of complex scaffold geometries are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William E. King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Gary L. Bowlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cheeney JE, Hsieh ST, Myung NV, Haberer ED. Whispering gallery mode emission from dye-doped polymer fiber cross-sections fabricated by near-field electrospinning. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:9873-9883. [PMID: 32347272 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00147c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators demonstrate great potential for photonic and sensing applications. Yet, these devices are often disadvantaged by costly materials or complex fabrication approaches, in addition to lack of manufacturing scalability. Near-field electrospinning (NFES), a recently emerged facile fiber fabrication method, offers a solution. Here, WGM resonances are reported in Rhodamine 6G-doped poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) microfibers via NFES. Diameters are tuned over a range of more than 10 μm by varying substrate stage speed. Fibers display uniform distribution of dye, smooth surfaces, and circular cross-sections, all critical for supporting WGMs. High quality (Q) resonances are confirmed within fiber cross-sections through polarization experiments, free-spectral range analysis, and Mie-theory-derived mode assignment. In addition to WGMs, groups of associated spiral or conical modes are observed due to taper-induced weak optical confinement along the fiber axis. Crosslinked, dye-doped PVA fibers are utilized to sense the ethanol concentration in ethanol-water mixtures and actuation mechanisms are evaluated by comparison to theoretical spectra. The demonstration of high-Q resonances within NFES polymer microfibers is a critical step toward simple, cost effective, high-volume fabrication of WGM resonators for optoelectronics and biomedical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Cheeney
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Stephen T Hsieh
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Nosang V Myung
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Elaine D Haberer
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
George D, Garcia A, Pham Q, Perez MR, Deng J, Nguyen MT, Zhou T, Martinez-Chapa SO, Won Y, Liu C, Lo RC, Ragan R, Madou M. Fabrication of patterned graphitized carbon wires using low voltage near-field electrospinning, pyrolysis, electrodeposition, and chemical vapor deposition. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:7. [PMID: 34567622 PMCID: PMC8433379 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-019-0117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We herein report a high-resolution nanopatterning method using low voltage electromechanical spinning with a rotating collector to obtain aligned graphitized micro and nanowires for carbon nanomanufacturing. A small wire diameter and a small inter-wire spacing were obtained by controlling the electric field, the spinneret-to-collector distance, the pyrolysis parameters, the linear speed of the spinneret, the rotational speed of the collector. Using a simple scaling analysis, we show how the straightness and the diameter of the wires can be controlled by the electric field and the distance of the spinneret to the collector. A small inter-wire spacing, as predicted by a simple model, was achieved by simultaneously controlling the linear speed of the spinneret and the rotational speed of the collector. Rapid drying of the polymer nanowires enabled the facile fabrication of suspended wires over various structures. Patterned polyacrylonitrile wires were carbonized using standard stabilization and pyrolysis to obtain carbon nanowires. Suspended carbon nanowires with a diameter of <50 nm were obtained. We also established a method for making patterned, highly graphitized structures by using the aforementioned carbon wire structures as a template for chemical vapor deposition of graphite. This patterning technique offers high throughput for nano writing, which outperforms other existing nanopatterning techniques, making it a potential candidate for large-scale carbon nanomanufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derosh George
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Adrian Garcia
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Quang Pham
- Materials and Manufacturing Technology, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Mario Ramos Perez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Present Address: Mechanical Engineering, Centro de Enseñanza Técnica y Superior Universidad, Mexicali, Mexico
| | - Jufeng Deng
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA
- Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | | | - Tuo Zhou
- Materials and Manufacturing Technology, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | | | - Yoonjin Won
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA
- Materials and Manufacturing Technology, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Chong Liu
- Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Roger C. Lo
- Chemical Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, USA
| | - Regina Ragan
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Marc Madou
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kiremitler NB, Torun I, Altintas Y, Patarroyo J, Demir HV, Puntes VF, Mutlugun E, Onses MS. Writing chemical patterns using electrospun fibers as nanoscale inkpots for directed assembly of colloidal nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:895-903. [PMID: 31833522 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08056b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Applications that range from electronics to biotechnology will greatly benefit from low-cost, scalable and multiplex fabrication of spatially defined arrays of colloidal inorganic nanocrystals. In this work, we present a novel additive patterning approach based on the use of electrospun nanofibers (NFs) as inkpots for end-functional polymers. The localized grafting of end-functional polymers from spatially defined nanofibers results in covalently bound chemical patterns. The main factors that determine the width of the nanopatterns are the diameter of the NF and the extent of spreading during the thermal annealing process. Lowering the surface energy of the substrates via silanization and a proper choice of the grafting conditions enable the fabrication of nanoscale patterns over centimeter length scales. The fabricated patterns of end-grafted polymers serve as the templates for spatially defined assembly of colloidal metal and metal oxide nanocrystals of varying sizes (15 to 100 nm), shapes (spherical, cube, rod), and compositions (Au, Ag, Pt, TiO2), as well as semiconductor quantum dots, including the assembly of semiconductor nanoplatelets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Burak Kiremitler
- ERNAM - Erciyes University Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nagle AR, Fay CD, Wallace GG, Xie Z, Wang X, Higgins MJ. Patterning and process parameter effects in 3D suspension near-field electrospinning of nanoarrays. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:495301. [PMID: 31426035 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab3c87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) contains nanofibrous proteins and proteoglycans. Nanofabrication methods have received growing interest in recent years as a means of recapitulating these elements within the ECM. Near-field electrospinning (NFES) is a versatile fibre deposition method, capable of layer-by-layer nano-fabrication. The maximum layer height is generally limited in layer-by-layer NFES as a consequence of electrostatic effects of the polymer at the surface, due to residual charge and polymer dielectric properties. This restricts the total volume achievable by layer-by-layer techniques. Surpassing this restriction presents a complex challenge, leading to research innovations aimed at increasing patterning precision, and achieving a translation from 2D to 3D additive nanofabrication. Here we investigated a means of achieving this translation through the use of 3D electrode substrates. This was addressed by in-house developed technology in which selective laser melt manufactured standing pillar electrodes were combined with a direct suspension near-field electrospinning (SNFES) technique, which implements an automated platform to manoeuvre the pillar electrodes around the emitter in order to suspend fibres in the free space between the electrode support structures. In this study SNFES was used in multiple operation modes, investigating the effects of varying process parameters, as well as pattern variations on the suspended nanoarrays. Image analysis of the nanoarrays allowed for the assessment of fibre directionality, isotropy, and diameter; identifying optimal settings to generate fibres for tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Nagle
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, AIIM Facility, Squires Way, North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li J, Kong T, Yu J, Lee KH, Tang YH, Kwok KW, Kim JT, Shum HC. Electrocoiling-guided printing of multiscale architectures at single-wavelength resolution. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1953-1960. [PMID: 31044199 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00145j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The rope coiling observed in liquid ink with high viscosity has been exploited in additive printing to fabricate architectures with periodically curled structures and tune their mechanical properties. However, the control over the coiling path relying on mechanical motion restricts the spatiotemporal resolution. We develop an electrically assisted high-resolution technique to manipulate coiling paths of viscous ink and structures of the deposited filament. By spatially programming the voltage applied onto the viscous ink, we show that the switching between different filament structures can be accomplished at single wavelength resolution, facilitating the rapid and accurate construction of sophisticated patterns. Furthermore, translational guiding of the electrocoiling enables rapid printing of filaments with complex structures at a line speed of 102 mm s-1. With a simplified trajectory of the printing head, large-area and multiscale patterns can be printed at an unprecedented speed; for instance, centimeter-sized architectures constructed from nanofibers with micron-sized curled structures can be completed in a few minutes. By enabling the printing of complex fiber networks with tunable shape and density, our work provides a route towards custom-design of fiber architectures with unique features such as spatially varying mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingmei Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077, Hong Kong. and HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Tiantian Kong
- China Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518037, China
| | - Jiazuo Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077, Hong Kong.
| | - Kit Hang Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077, Hong Kong.
| | - Yuk Heng Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077, Hong Kong. and HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Ka-Wai Kwok
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077, Hong Kong.
| | - Ji Tae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077, Hong Kong.
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077, Hong Kong. and HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nagle AR, Fay CD, Xie Z, Wallace GG, Wang X, Higgins MJ. A direct 3D suspension near-field electrospinning technique for the fabrication of polymer nanoarrays. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:195301. [PMID: 30673646 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab011b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Near-field electrospinning (NFES) is widely recognized as a versatile nanofabrication method, one suitable for applications in tissue engineering. Rapid developments in this field have given rise to layered nanofibrous scaffolds. However, this electrostatic fabrication process is limited by the electric field inhibitory effects of polymer deposition. This leads to a major challenge: how to surpass this limitation on planar/layered constructs. While the current focus in this area largely lies with the investigation of new materials, techniques and increasing precision of NFES systems and patterning, exploration of complex collector substrates is often restricted by (i) available technology and (ii) access to complex electrode manufacturing tools. To achieve nanofiber arrays suspended in free space, this paper documents both the development of an integrated NFES system and the potential of standing electrodes manufactured via selective laser melting. This system was first tested by 2D patterning on planar silicon, using polyethylene oxide polymer solution. To demonstrate suspension NFES, two patterns operating within and around the standing electrodes produced high volume suspended nanoarrays. Image analysis of the arrays allowed for the assessment of fiber directionality and isotropy. By scanning electron microscopy, it was found that a mean fiber diameter of 310 nm of the arrays was achieved. Effectively manoeuvring between the electrode pillars required a precision automated system (unavailable off-the-shelf), developed in-house. This technique can be applied to the fabrication of nanofiber structures of sufficient volume for tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Nagle
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, AIIM Facility, Squires Way, North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Charged Satellite Drop Avoidance in Electrohydrodynamic Dripping. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10030172. [PMID: 30832274 PMCID: PMC6471250 DOI: 10.3390/mi10030172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The quality of electrohydrodynamic jet (e-jet) printing is crucially influenced by the satellite drop formed when the primary drop detaches from the meniscus. If the satellite drop falls onto the substrate, the patterns on the substrate will be contaminated. The electric charge carried by the satellite drop leads to more complex satellite/meniscus interaction than that in traditional inkjet printing. Here, we numerically study the formation and flight behavior of the charged satellite drop. This paper discovered that the charge relaxation time (CRT) of the liquid determines the electric repulsion force between the satellite drop and meniscus. The satellite drop will merge with the meniscus at long CRT, and fail to merge and deteriorate the printing quality at short CRT. The simulations are adopted to discover the mechanism of generation and flight behavior of charged satellite drops. The results show that the critical CRT decreases with the dielectric constant of the liquid and the supplied flow rate. Namely, for small dielectric constant and fixed CRT, the satellite drop is less likely to merge with the meniscus, and for high flow rate, the satellite drop is prone to merge with the meniscus due to the delay of necking thread breakup. These results will help to choose appropriate parameters to avoid the satellite drop from falling onto the substrate.
Collapse
|
15
|
Sun J, Jing L, Fan X, Gao X, Liang YC. Electrohydrodynamic printing process monitoring by microscopic image identification. Int J Bioprint 2018; 5:164. [PMID: 32923733 PMCID: PMC7481098 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v5i1.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrohydrodynamic printing (EHDP) is able to precisely manipulate the position, size, and morphology of micro-/nano-fibers and fabricate high-resolution scaffolds using viscous biopolymer solutions. However, less attention has been paid to the influence of EHDP jet characteristics and key process parameters on deposited fiber patterns. To ensure the printing quality, it is very necessary to establish the relationship between the cone shapes and the stability of scaffold fabrication process. In this work, we used a digital microscopic imaging technique to monitor EHDP cones during printing, with subsequent image processing algorithms to extract related features, and a recognition algorithm to determine the suitability of Taylor cones for EHDP scaffold fabrication. Based on the experimental data, it has been concluded that the images of EHDP cone modes and the extracted features (centroid, jet diameter) are affected by their process parameters such as nozzle-substrate distance, the applied voltage, and stage moving speed. A convolutional neural network is then developed to classify these EHDP cone modes with the consideration of training time consumption and testing accuracy. A control algorithm will be developed to regulate the process parameters at the next stage for effective scaffold fabrication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Department of Industrial Design, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China
| | - Linzhi Jing
- Departments of Food Science and Technology Programme, and Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Advanced 3D Bioprinting Laboratory, National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, China
| | - Xiaotian Fan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xueying Gao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yung C Liang
- Advanced 3D Bioprinting Laboratory, National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, China.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shi Y, Pei P, Cheng X, Yan Z, Han M, Li Z, Gao C, Rogers JA, Huang Y, Zhang Y. An analytic model of two-level compressive buckling with applications in the assembly of free-standing 3D mesostructures. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:8828-8837. [PMID: 30349911 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01753k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently developed methods for mechanically-guided assembly exploit stress release in prestretched elastomeric substrates to guide the controlled formation of complex three-dimensional (3D) mesostructures in advanced functional materials and integrated electronic devices. The techniques of interfacial photopolymerization allow for realization of such 3D mesostructures in free-standing forms, separated from their elastomeric substrate, via formation of an integrated base layer. Theoretical models for the complex modes of deformation associated with this scheme are essential in the optimal design of the process parameters. Here, we present an analytic finite-deformation model of an isolated double-ribbon structure to describe the buckling process and morphology change of the assembled mesostructures upon removal of the substrate. As validated by finite element analyses (FEA), this analytic model can accurately predict the profiles of the double-ribbon structure with a range of different design parameters. We further illustrate the extension of this model to the analyses of 3D mesostructures with different geometries. Inspired by analytic results for flexible base structures, combined experimental results and numerical simulations demonstrate that mechanical interactions between the two different layers can be leveraged to achieve hierarchical assembly of 3D mesostructures. These findings could be useful in further advances in designs of free-standing 3D mesostructures based on mechanically-guided assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Park YS, Oh JM, Cho YK. Non-lithographic nanofluidic channels with precisely controlled circular cross sections. RSC Adv 2018; 8:19651-19658. [PMID: 35540964 PMCID: PMC9080766 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03496f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanofluidic channels have received growing interest due to their potential for applications in the manipulation of nanometric objects, such as DNA, proteins, viruses, exosomes, and nanoparticles. Although significant advances in nanolithography-based fabrication techniques over the past few decades have allowed us to explore novel nanofluidic transport phenomena and unique applications, the development of new technologies enabling the low-cost preparation of nanochannels with controllable and reproducible shapes and dimensions is still lacking. Thus, we herein report the application of a nanofiber printed using a near-field electrospinning method as a sacrificial mold for the preparation of polydimethylsiloxane nanochannels with circular cross sections. Control of the size and shape of these nanochannels allowed the preparation of nanochannels with channel widths ranging from 70-368 nm and height-to-width ratios of 0.19-1.00. Capillary filling tests confirmed the excellent uniformity and reproducibility of the nanochannels. These results therefore are expected to inspire novel nanofluidic studies due to the simple and low-cost nature of this fabrication process, which allows precise control of the shape and dimensions of the circular cross section.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Seok Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Multi-length scale bioprinting towards simulating microenvironmental cues. Biodes Manuf 2018; 1:77-88. [PMID: 30546920 PMCID: PMC6267274 DOI: 10.1007/s42242-018-0014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It is envisaged that the creation of cellular environments at multiple length scales, that recapitulate in vivo bioactive and structural roles, may hold the key to creating functional, complex tissues in the laboratory. This review considers recent advances in biofabrication and bioprinting techniques across different length scales. Particular focus is placed on 3D printing of hydrogels and fabrication of biomaterial fibres that could extend the feature resolution and material functionality of soft tissue constructs. The outlook from this review discusses how one might create and simulate microenvironmental cues in vitro. A fabrication platform that integrates the competencies of different biofabrication technologies is proposed. Such a multi-process, multiscale fabrication strategy may ultimately translate engineering capability into an accessible life sciences toolkit, fulfilling its potential to deliver in vitro disease models and engineered tissue implants.
Collapse
|
19
|
Mecozzi L, Gennari O, Coppola S, Olivieri F, Rega R, Mandracchia B, Vespini V, Bramanti A, Ferraro P, Grilli S. Easy Printing of High Viscous Microdots by Spontaneous Breakup of Thin Fibers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:2122-2129. [PMID: 29278322 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrohydrodynamic jetting is emerging as a successful technique for printing inks with resolutions well beyond those offered by conventional inkjet printers. However, the variety of printable inks is still limited to those with relatively low viscosities (typically <20 mPa s) due to nozzle clogging problems. Here, we show the possibility of printing ordered microdots of high viscous inks such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) by exploiting the spontaneous breakup of a thin fiber generated through nozzle-free pyro-electrospinning. The PLGA fiber is deposited onto a partially wetting surface, and the breakup is achieved simply by applying an appropriate thermal stimulation, which is able to induce polymer melting and hence a mechanism of surface area minimization due to the Plateau-Rayleigh instability. The results show that this technique is a good candidate for extending the printability at the microscale to high viscous inks, thus extending their applicability to additional applications, such as cell behavior under controlled morphological constraints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Mecozzi
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems of the National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - O Gennari
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems of the National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - S Coppola
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems of the National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - F Olivieri
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems of the National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
- Department of Chemical Materials and Production Engineering of the University "Federico II" , P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - R Rega
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems of the National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - B Mandracchia
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems of the National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - V Vespini
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems of the National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - A Bramanti
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems of the National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - P Ferraro
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems of the National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - S Grilli
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems of the National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen Q, Mei X, Shen Z, Wu D, Zhao Y, Wang L, Chen X, He G, Yu Z, Fang K, Sun D. Direct write micro/nano optical fibers by near-field melt electrospinning. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:5106-5109. [PMID: 29240148 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.005106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple fabrication method of micro/nano-optical fibers (MNOFs) based on near-field melt electrospinning (NMES) is proposed in this Letter. Single fibers with diameters ranging from 500 nm to 6 μm were directly written by near-field electrospinning of molten poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The morphology and transmission characteristics of single PMMA MNOFs were experimentally measured. The results showed that PMMA MNOFs have the advantages of smooth surfaces, uniform diameters, and low loss. As an example of one-step fabrication for MNOF devices, a planar helical MNOF structure was directly written and optically characterized. To demonstrate the versatility of the NMES process, in combination with the microfluidic technique, a liquid refractive index-sensing chip was fabricated and tested. Our results demonstrate that the proposed fabrication method has strong potential in the direct writing of patterned optical devices and heterogeneous integrated devices.
Collapse
|
21
|
Bian J, Ding Y, Duan Y, Wan X, Huang Y. Buckling-driven self-assembly of self-similar inspired micro/nanofibers for ultra-stretchable electronics. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:7244-7254. [PMID: 28944394 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01686g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-similar structures are capable of highly enhancing the deformability of stretchable electronics. We presented a self-assembly method based on the tunable buckling of serpentine fiber-based interconnects (FiberBIs), which are deposited using our presented helix electrohydrodynamic printing (HE-printing) technique, to fabricate self-similar structures with enhanced stretchability (up to 250%). It provides a low-cost, printing-based approach for the generation of large-scale self-similar FiberBIs. Distinct buckling behaviors and modes occur under specific conditions. To elucidate the mechanics governing this phenomenon, we present detailed experimental and theoretical studies of the buckling mechanics of serpentine microfibers on compliant substrates. Firstly, the effect of the magnitude and direction of prestrain on the buckling behavior of a fiber-on-substrate is discussed. Secondly, the critical geometry of a serpentine fiber as a key parameter for fabricating uniform self-similar fibers is also figured out. Finally, the cross-sectional geometry of the fiber as a judgment criterion for determining the in-surface or out-of-surface buckling of the fiber is established. The investigation can guide the fabrication process of large-scale self-similar structures for high-performance electronic devices with extreme stretchability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu Y, He K, Chen G, Leow WR, Chen X. Nature-Inspired Structural Materials for Flexible Electronic Devices. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12893-12941. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Liu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible
Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ke He
- Innovative Centre for Flexible
Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Geng Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible
Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wan Ru Leow
- Innovative Centre for Flexible
Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible
Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu H, Huang Y, Xu F, Duan Y, Yin Z. Energy Harvesters for Wearable and Stretchable Electronics: From Flexibility to Stretchability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:9881-9919. [PMID: 27677428 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The rapid advancements of wearable electronics have caused a paradigm shift in consumer electronics, and the emerging development of stretchable electronics opens a new spectrum of applications for electronic systems. Playing a critical role as the power sources for independent electronic systems, energy harvesters with high flexibility or stretchability have been the focus of research efforts over the past decade. A large number of the flexible energy harvesters developed can only operate at very low strain level (≈0.1%), and their limited flexibility impedes their application in wearable or stretchable electronics. Here, the development of highly flexible and stretchable (stretchability >15% strain) energy harvesters is reviewed with emphasis on strategies of materials synthesis, device fabrication, and integration schemes for enhanced flexibility and stretchability. Due to their particular potential applications in wearable and stretchable electronics, energy-harvesting devices based on piezoelectricity, triboelectricity, thermoelectricity, and dielectric elastomers have been largely developed and the progress is summarized. The challenges and opportunities of assembly and integration of energy harvesters into stretchable systems are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - YongAn Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Portland Technology Development, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, 97124, USA
| | - Yongqing Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhouping Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li X, Li Z, Wang L, Ma G, Meng F, Pritchard RH, Gill EL, Liu Y, Huang YYS. Low-Voltage Continuous Electrospinning Patterning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:32120-32131. [PMID: 27807979 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning is a versatile technique for the construction of microfibrous and nanofibrous structures with considerable potential in applications ranging from textile manufacturing to tissue engineering scaffolds. In the simplest form, electrospinning uses a high voltage of tens of thousands volts to draw out ultrafine polymer fibers over a large distance. However, the high voltage limits the flexible combination of material selection, deposition substrate, and control of patterns. Prior studies show that by performing electrospinning with a well-defined "near-field" condition, the operation voltage can be decreased to the kilovolt range, and further enable more precise patterning of fibril structures on a planar surface. In this work, by using solution dependent "initiators", we demonstrate a further lowering of voltage with an ultralow voltage continuous electrospinning patterning (LEP) technique, which reduces the applied voltage threshold to as low as 50 V, simultaneously permitting direct fiber patterning. The versatility of LEP is shown using a wide range of combination of polymer and solvent systems for thermoplastics and biopolymers. Novel functionalities are also incorporated when a low voltage mode is used in place of a high voltage mode, such as direct printing of living bacteria; the construction of suspended single fibers and membrane networks. The LEP technique reported here should open up new avenues in the patterning of bioelements and free-form nano- to microscale fibrous structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Zhaoying Li
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge , Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Liyun Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guokun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Fanlong Meng
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Robyn H Pritchard
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth L Gill
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge , Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge , Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Yan Shery Huang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge , Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Song J, Feng X, Huang Y. Mechanics and thermal management of stretchable inorganic electronics. Natl Sci Rev 2016; 3:128-143. [PMID: 27547485 PMCID: PMC4991896 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwv078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stretchable electronics enables lots of novel applications ranging from wearable electronics, curvilinear electronics to bio-integrated therapeutic devices that are not possible through conventional electronics that is rigid and flat in nature. One effective strategy to realize stretchable electronics exploits the design of inorganic semiconductor material in a stretchable format on an elastomeric substrate. In this review, we summarize the advances in mechanics and thermal management of stretchable electronics based on inorganic semiconductor materials. The mechanics and thermal models are very helpful in understanding the underlying physics associated with these systems, and they also provide design guidelines for the development of stretchable inorganic electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jizhou Song
- Department of Engineering Mechanics and Soft Matter Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Electrostatic-Force-Assisted Dispensing Printing to Construct High-Aspect-Ratio of 0.79 Electrodes on a Textured Surface with Improved Adhesion and Contact Resistivity. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16704. [PMID: 26576857 PMCID: PMC4649362 DOI: 10.1038/srep16704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
As a novel route to construct fine and abnormally high-aspect-ratio electrodes with excellent adhesion and reduced contact resistivity on a textured surface, an electrostatic-force-assisted dispensing printing technique is reported and compared with conventional dispensing and electrohydrodynamic jet printing techniques. The electrostatic force applied between a silver paste and the textured surface of a crystalline silicon solar cell wafer significantly improves the physical adhesion of the electrodes, whereas those fabricated using a conventional dispensing printing technique peel off with a silver paste containing 2 wt% of a fluorosurfactant. Moreover, the contact resistivity and dimensionless deviation of total resistance are significantly reduced from 2.19 ± 1.53 mΩ · cm(2) to 0.98 ± 0.92 mΩ · cm(2) and from 0.10 to 0.03, respectively. By utilizing electrodes with an abnormally high-aspect-ratio of 0.79 (the measured thickness and width are 30.4 μm and 38.3 μm, respectively), the cell efficiency is 17.2% on a polycrystalline silicon solar cell with an emitter sheet resistance of 60 Ω/sq. This cell efficiency is considerably higher than previously reported values obtained using a conventional electrohydrodynamic jet printing technique, by +0.48-3.5%p.
Collapse
|
27
|
Onses MS, Sutanto E, Ferreira PM, Alleyne AG, Rogers JA. Mechanisms, Capabilities, and Applications of High-Resolution Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:4237-4266. [PMID: 26122917 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This review gives an overview of techniques used for high-resolution jet printing that rely on electrohydrodynamically induced flows. Such methods enable the direct, additive patterning of materials with a resolution that can extend below 100 nm to provide unique opportunities not only in scientific studies but also in a range of applications that includes printed electronics, tissue engineering, and photonic and plasmonic devices. Following a brief historical perspective, this review presents descriptions of the underlying processes involved in the formation of liquid cones and jets to establish critical factors in the printing process. Different printing systems that share similar principles are then described, along with key advances that have been made in the last decade. Capabilities in terms of printable materials and levels of resolution are reviewed, with a strong emphasis on areas of potential application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Serdar Onses
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center (ERNAM), Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Erick Sutanto
- The Dow Chemical Company, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Placid M Ferreira
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Andrew G Alleyne
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Controllable Direct-Writing of Serpentine Micro/Nano Structures via Low Voltage Electrospinning. Polymers (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/polym7081471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
29
|
Fang F, Du Z, Zeng J, Zhu Z, Chen X, Chen X, Lv Y, Wang H. Micro/nanoscale continuous printing: direct-writing of wavy micro/nano structures via electrospinning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/87/1/012018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
30
|
Wang X, Sun F, Huang Y, Duan Y, Yin Z. A patterned ZnO nanorod array/gas sensor fabricated by mechanoelectrospinning-assisted selective growth. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3117-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08876j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Micropatterned ZnO nanorod arrays fabricated by mechanoelectrospinning and the hydrothermal growth method exhibited excellent sensitivity response to NO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Fazhe Sun
- Analysis Testing Center
- Shandong University of Technology
- Zibo 255100
- China
| | - Yongan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Yongqing Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Zhouping Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| |
Collapse
|