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Chang YJ, Chien YH, Chang CC, Wang PN, Chen YR, Chang YC. Detection of Femtomolar Amyloid-β Peptides for Early-Stage Identification of Alzheimer's Amyloid-β Aggregation with Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:3819-3828. [PMID: 38214471 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Progressive amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrillar aggregates have long been considered as the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Biocompatible and stable cysteine-Aβ peptide-conjugated gold nanoparticles (Cys-Aβ@AuNP) are demonstrated as suitable materials for detecting subfemtomolar Aβ peptides in human plasma. Incubation with Aβ peptides causes the Cys-Aβ@AuNP to aggregate and changes its absorption spectra. The spectral change is especially apparent and noticeable when detecting subfemtomolar Aβ peptides, and the aggregates contain only two or three AuNPs. Cys-Aβ@AuNP can also be used to identify early-stage Aβ oligomerization, which is not possible using the conventional method, in which the fluorescence of thioflavin-T is measured. The ability to detect Aβ oligomerization can facilitate therapeutics for AD. In addition, the binding of Aβ peptides by Cys-Aβ@AuNP in combination with centrifugation redirects the conventional Aβ aggregation pathway and can effectively inhibit the formation of toxic Aβ oligomers or fibrils. Therefore, the proposed Cys-Aβ@AuNP can also be used to develop effective therapeutic agents to inhibit Aβ aggregation. The results obtained in this study are expected to open revolutionary ways to both detect and inhibit Aβ aggregation at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Chien
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chun Chang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, and National Taiwan University, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ning Wang
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Division of General Neurology, Department of Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chorng Chang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, and National Taiwan University, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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2
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Lee D, Ryoo JE, Hong S, Kim HY, Kim Y. Carprofen alleviates Alzheimer-like phenotypes of 5XFAD transgenic mice by targeting the pathological hallmarks induced by amyloid-β aggregation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10889. [PMID: 37407605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by misfolding, oligomerization, and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the brain. Aβ monomers transform into Aβ oligomers, which are toxic species, inducing tau hyperphosphorylation and the downstream effects on microglia and astrocytes, triggering synaptic and cognitive dysfunctions. The oligomers then deposit into Aβ plaques, primarily composed of β-stranded fibrils, required for definitive AD diagnosis. As amyloid burden plays the pivotal role in AD pathogenesis, many efforts are devoted in preventing amyloidosis as a therapeutic approach to impede the disease progression. Here, we discovered carprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, accelerates Aβ aggregating into fibrils and increases Aβ plaques when intraperitoneally injected to 5XFAD transgenic mouse model. However, the drug seems to alleviate the key Alzheimer-like phenotypes induced by Aβ aggregation as we found attenuated neuroinflammation, improved post-synaptic density expression, associated with synaptic plasticity, and decreased phosphorylated tau levels. Carprofen also rescued impaired working memory as we discovered improved spontaneous alternation performance through Y-maze test assessed with Aβ(1-42)-infused mouse model. Collectively, while carprofen accelerates the conversion of Aβ monomers into fibrils in vitro, the drug ameliorates the major pathological hallmarks of AD in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Ryoo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungpyo Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hye Yun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
- Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Vellecco V, Saviano A, Raucci F, Casillo GM, Mansour AA, Panza E, Mitidieri E, Femminella GD, Ferrara N, Cirino G, Sorrentino R, Iqbal AJ, d'Emmanuele di Villa Bianca R, Bucci M, Maione F. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) triggers systemic inflammation, peripheral vascular dysfunction, and related prothrombotic state in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106595. [PMID: 36470548 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent forms of neurodegenerative disorders. Previously, we have shown that in vivo administration of an IL-17 neutralizing antibody (IL-17Ab) rescues amyloid-β-induced neuro-inflammation and memory impairment, demonstrating the pivotal role of IL-17 in AD-derived cognitive deficit. Recently, AD has been recognized as a more intriguing pathology affecting vascular networks and platelet function. However, not much is known about peripheral vascular inflammation and how pro-inflammatory circulating cells/mediators could affect peripheral vessels' function. This study aimed to evaluate whether IL-17Ab treatment could also impact peripheral AD features, such as systemic inflammation, peripheral vascular dysfunction, and related pro-thrombotic state in a non-genetic mouse model of AD. Mice were injected intracerebroventricularly with Aβ1-42 peptide (3 μg/3 μl). To evaluate the systemic/peripheral protective profile of IL-17Ab, we used an intranasal administration of IL-17Ab (1 μg/10 μl) at 5, 12, and 19 days after Aβ1-42 injection. Circulating Th17/Treg cells and related cyto-chemokines, haematological parameters, vascular/endothelial reactivity, platelets and coagulation function in mice were evaluated. IL-17Ab treatment ameliorates the systemic/peripheral inflammation, immunological perturbance, vascular/endothelial impairment and pro-thrombotic state, suggesting a key role for this cytokine in fostering inflammatory processes that characterize the multifaced aspects of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Vellecco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Anella Saviano
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Federica Raucci
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gian Marco Casillo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Adel Abo Mansour
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Elisabetta Panza
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Emma Mitidieri
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Grazia Daniela Femminella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici ICS-Maugeri, Telese Terme, BN, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Cirino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Sorrentino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, School of Medicine, University of Naples, Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Asif Jilani Iqbal
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | | | - Mariarosaria Bucci
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesco Maione
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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4
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Kim T, Morshed MN, Londhe AM, Lim JW, Lee HE, Cho S, Cho SJ, Hwang H, Lim SM, Lee JY, Lee J, Pae AN. The translocator protein ligands as mitochondrial functional modulators for the potential anti-Alzheimer agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:831-846. [PMID: 33752569 PMCID: PMC7996082 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1900158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecule modulators of mitochondrial function have been attracted much attention in recent years due to their potential therapeutic applications for neurodegenerative diseases. The mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) is a promising target for such compounds, given its involvement in the formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in response to mitochondrial stress. In this study, we performed a ligand-based pharmacophore design and virtual screening, and identified a potent hit compound, 7 (VH34) as a TSPO ligand. After validating its biological activity against amyloid-β (Aβ) induced mitochondrial dysfunction and in acute and transgenic Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice, we developed a library of analogs, and we found two most active compounds, 31 and 44, which restored the mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP production, and cell viability under Aβ-induced mitochondrial toxicity. These compounds recovered learning and memory function in acute AD model mice with improved pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- TaeHun Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad N. Morshed
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ashwini M. Londhe
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji W. Lim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha E. Lee
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suengmok Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung J. Cho
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Hwang
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang M. Lim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Y. Lee
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoun Lee
- Department of Global Medical Science, Sungshin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae N. Pae
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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5
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Paulo SL, Ribeiro-Rodrigues L, Rodrigues RS, Mateus JM, Fonseca-Gomes J, Soares R, Diógenes MJ, Solá S, Sebastião AM, Ribeiro FF, Xapelli S. Sustained Hippocampal Neural Plasticity Questions the Reproducibility of an Amyloid-β-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1183-1202. [PMID: 34151790 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of Alzheimer's disease (AD) models obtained by intracerebral infusion of amyloid-β (Aβ) has been increasingly reported in recent years. Nonetheless, these models may present important challenges. OBJECTIVE We have focused on canonical mechanisms of hippocampal-related neural plasticity to characterize a rat model obtained by an intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of soluble amyloid-β42 (Aβ42). METHODS Animal behavior was evaluated in the elevated plus maze, Y-Maze spontaneous or forced alternation, Morris water maze, and open field, starting 2 weeks post-Aβ42 infusion. Hippocampal neurogenesis was assessed 3 weeks after Aβ42 injection. Aβ deposition, tropomyosin receptor kinase B levels, and neuroinflammation were appraised at 3 and 14 days post-Aβ42 administration. RESULTS We found that immature neuronal dendritic morphology was abnormally enhanced, but proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the dentate gyrus was conserved one month after Aβ42 injection. Surprisingly, animal behavior did not reveal changes in cognitive performance nor in locomotor and anxious-related activity. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor related-signaling was also unchanged at 3 and 14 days post-Aβ icv injection. Likewise, astrocytic and microglial markers of neuroinflammation in the hippocampus were unaltered in these time points. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data emphasize a high variability and lack of behavioral reproducibility associated with these Aβ injection-based models, as well as the need for its further optimization, aiming at addressing the gap between preclinical AD models and the human disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Paulo
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Leonor Ribeiro-Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui S Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana M Mateus
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Fonseca-Gomes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Soares
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria J Diógenes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susana Solá
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa F Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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6
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Pyun JM, Kang MJ, Ryoo N, Suh J, Youn YC, Park YH, Kim S. Amyloid Metabolism and Amyloid-Targeting Blood-Based Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 75:685-696. [PMID: 32390633 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) is a key protein in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in that its accumulation induces complex pathological changes. Although there has been extensive research on the metabolism of Aβ in AD, new compelling results have recently emerged. Historically, the production and clearance of Aβ have been thought to originate in the central nervous system (CNS). However, recent evidence suggests that the production and clearance of Aβ can also occur in the peripheral system, and that the peripherally driven Aβ migrates to the CNS and induces amyloidopathy with subsequent AD pathologic changes in the brain. This concept implies that AD is not restricted to the CNS but is a systemic disease instead. As such, the development of blood-based biomarkers targeting Aβ is of great interest. Central and peripheral Aβ are both active contributors to the pathology of AD and interact bidirectionally. Measuring peripheral Aβ is not just observing the reflection of the residual Aβ removed from the CNS but also tracking the ongoing process of AD pathology. Additionally, blood-based biomarkers could be a more accessible tool in clinical and research settings. Through arduous research, several blood-based biomarker assays have demonstrated notable results. In this review, we describe the metabolism of Aβ and the amyloid-targeting blood-based biomarkers of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Pyun
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Kang
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Ryoo
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewon Suh
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Youn
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
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7
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Kim JH, Jung H, Lee Y, Sohn JH. Surgery Performed Under Propofol Anesthesia Induces Cognitive Impairment and Amyloid Pathology in ApoE4 Knock-In Mouse Model. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:658860. [PMID: 33981208 PMCID: PMC8107235 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.658860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) following anesthesia and surgery is a common and severe complication, especially in elderly patients. A pre-existing cognitive impairment may impart susceptibility to further cognitive dysfunction; the mechanism remains unclear. We hypothesized that the specific impacts of anesthesia and surgery on individuals with preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may render them more susceptible to an increase in the risk of cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to compare the cognitive impairment between normal adult mice and those with preclinical AD after propofol anesthesia and surgery. Methods: We performed abdominal surgery in cognitively pre-symptomatic, 5-month-old male mice with sporadic AD (apolipoprotein E4 allele, ApoE4-KI) and age-matched (C57BL/6J) controls. Propofol anesthesia (170 mg/kg) was induced via retro-orbital injection over 2 h. Morris water maze (MWM) and Y-maze tests were conducted 2 days before and 2, 4, and 7 days after surgery. The mean escape latencies and spontaneous alternation percentages were the major outcomes. Neuronal apoptosis in hippocampal sections was evaluated using the terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Hippocampal amyloid beta (Aβ) levels were assessed via quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: The control mice exhibited increased mean escape latencies of MWM at postoperative 2 and 4, but not at day 7; ApoE4-KI mice exhibited such increases at postoperative days 2, 4 and 7. Significant differences between ApoE4-KI and control mice in terms of the mean escape latencies were evident at days 2 and 7 (both P < 0.05). However, performance on a non-hippocampal memory tasks (Y-maze test) did not differ. More TUNEL-positive neurons were evident in the hippocampal CA3 region of ApoE4-KI mice at postoperative days 2 and 4, but not at day 7 compared to the control group (both P < 0.05). IHC revealed significantly elevated Aβ deposition in the hippocampal CA3 region of ApoE4-KI mice at postoperative days 4 and 7 compared to control mice (both P < 0.05). Conclusions: Propofol anesthesia followed by surgery induced persistent changes in cognition, and pathological hippocampal changes in pre-symptomatic, but vulnerable AD mice. It would be appropriate to explore whether preclinical AD patients are more vulnerable to POCD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ho Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Institute of New Frontier Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Harry Jung
- Institute of New Frontier Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yeonkyeong Lee
- Institute of New Frontier Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Sohn
- Institute of New Frontier Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
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8
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Nitzan K, Benhamron S, Valitsky M, Kesner EE, Lichtenstein M, Ben-Zvi A, Ella E, Segalstein Y, Saada A, Lorberboum-Galski H, Rosenmann H. Mitochondrial Transfer Ameliorates Cognitive Deficits, Neuronal Loss, and Gliosis in Alzheimer's Disease Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:587-604. [PMID: 31640104 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases involves dysfunction of mitochondria, one of the most important cell organelles in the brain, with its most prominent roles in producing energy and regulating cellular metabolism. Here we investigated the effect of transferring active intact mitochondria as a potential therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD), in order to correct as many mitochondrial functions as possible, rather than a mono-drug related therapy. For this purpose, AD-mice (amyloid-β intracerebroventricularly injected) were treated intravenously (IV) with fresh human isolated mitochondria. One to two weeks later, a significantly better cognitive performance was noticed in the mitochondria treated AD-mice relative to vehicle treated AD-mice, approaching the performance of non-AD mice. We also detected a significant decrease in neuronal loss and reduced gliosis in the hippocampus of treated mice relative to untreated AD-mice. An amelioration of the mitochondrial dysfunction in brain was noticed by the increase of citrate-synthase and cytochrome c oxidase activities relative to untreated AD-mice, reaching activity levels of non-AD-mice. Increased mitochondrial activity was also detected in the liver of mitochondria treated mice. No treatment-related toxicity was noted. Thus, IV mitochondrial transfer may possibly offer a novel therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Nitzan
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University medical center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sandrine Benhamron
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University medical center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Valitsky
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University medical center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eyal E Kesner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Lichtenstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ayal Ben-Zvi
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ezra Ella
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University medical center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yehudit Segalstein
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University medical center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ann Saada
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah Hebrew University medical center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Haya Lorberboum-Galski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hanna Rosenmann
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University medical center, Jerusalem, Israel
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9
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Na J, Hwang E, Choi JS, Ji MJ, Noh Y, Lim YB, Choi HJ. A Three-Dimensional Sensor to Recognize Amyloid-β in Blood Plasma of Patients. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:27295-27303. [PMID: 33134692 PMCID: PMC7594136 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Detecting amyloid beta (Aβ) in unpurified blood to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD) is challenging owing to low concentrations of Aβ and the presence of many other substances in the blood. Here, we propose a 3D sensor for AD diagnosis using blood plasma, with pairs of 3D silicon micropillar electrodes with a comprehensive circuit configuration. The sensor is developed with synthesized artificial peptide and impedance analysis based on a maximum signal-to-noise ratio. Its sensitivity and selectivity were verified using an in vitro test based on samples of human blood serum, which showed its feasibility for application in diagnosis of AD by testing blood plasma of the AD patient. The 3D sensor is designed to improve reliability by checking the impedance of each pair multiple times via constructing a reference pair and a working pair on the same sensor. Therefore, we demonstrate the ability of the 3D sensor to recognize cases of AD using blood plasma and introduce its potential as a self-health care sensor for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukwan Na
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Euimin Hwang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Shik Choi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jin Ji
- Department
of Health Science and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Noh
- Department
of Health Science and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Neurology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon
University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-beom Lim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Jin Choi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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10
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An update into the medicinal chemistry of translocator protein (TSPO) ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112924. [PMID: 33081988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO) has been discovered in 1977 as an alternative binding site for the benzodiazepine diazepam. It is an evolutionary well-conserved and tryptophan-rich 169-amino acids protein with five alpha helical transmembrane domains stretching the outer mitochondrial membrane, with the carboxyl-terminus in the cytosol and a short amino-terminus in the intermembrane space of mitochondrion. At this level, together with the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) and the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT), it forms the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). TSPO expression is ubiquitary, with higher levels in steroid producing tissues; in the central nervous system, it is mainly expressed in glial cells and in neurons. TSPO is implicated in a variety of fundamental cellular processes including steroidogenesis, heme biosynthesis, mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell proliferation and differentiation, cell life/death balance, oxidative stress. Altered TSPO expression has been found in some pathological conditions. In particular, high TSPO expression levels have been documented in cancer, neuroinflammation, and brain injury. Conversely, low TSPO expression levels have been evidenced in anxiety disorders. Therefore, TSPO is not only an interesting drug target for therapeutic purpose (anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, etc.), but also a valid diagnostic marker of related-diseases detectable by fluorescent or radiolabeled ligands. The aim of this report is to present an update of previous reviews dealing with the medicinal chemistry of TSPO and to highlight the most outstanding advances in the development of TSPO ligands as potential therapeutic or diagnostic tools, especially referring to the last five years.
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11
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He L, de Souto Barreto P, Aggarwal G, Nguyen AD, Morley JE, Li Y, Bateman RJ, Vellas B. Plasma Aβ and neurofilament light chain are associated with cognitive and physical function decline in non-dementia older adults. Alzheimers Res Ther 2020; 12:128. [PMID: 33032662 PMCID: PMC7545881 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00697-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognition is closely associated with physical function. Although high brain amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and neurofilament light chain (NfL) are associated with cognitive and gait speed decline, relationships of combined plasma Aβ and NfL profiles with cognitive and physical functions in older adults remain unknown. The research aim of this study was to investigate the prospective associations of combined plasma Aβ and NfL profiles with cognitive and physical functions in older adults. METHODS Participants (n = 452, aged 76 ± 5 years) who had both plasma Aβ and NfL data collected from the Multidomain Alzheimer's Preventive Trial (MAPT, May 2008 to April 2016) were included in the current study. These participants were from four MAPT groups (multidomain interventions [physical activity and nutritional counselling, and cognitive training], omega-3 supplementation, multidomain plus omega-3 supplementation and control group) and had received a 3-year intervention, followed by a 2-year observational follow-up. Cognitive function was evaluated as Mini-Mental State Examination and composite cognitive score (CCS, a mean Z-score combining four cognitive tests). Physical function was evaluated as gait speed (4-m usual-pace walk test) and chair-stand time (5-time maximal chair-stand test). Cognitive and physical function data measured at the time of and after blood Aβ and NfL tests were used for analysis. Participants with plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios lower than 0.107 and NfL levels greater than 93.04 pg/ml were classified as Aβ+ and NfL+. Multivariable regressions and mixed-effects linear models were used for the analysis. RESULTS At the cross-sectional level, no significant association was found between Aβ+NfL+ and cognitive or physical function after controlling for age, sex, body mass index, education level and MAPT group. Evaluating longitudinal changes, participants with Aβ+NfL+ had greater annual declines in the CCS (β = - 0.11, 95%CI [- 0.17, - 0.05]) and gait speed (β = - 0.03, 95%CI [- 0.05, - 0.005]). After adjusting for APOE ɛ4 genotype, Aβ+NfL+ was associated with a greater decline only in the CCS (β = - 0.09, 95%CI [- 0.15, - 0.02]). CONCLUSIONS Combined low plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and high plasma NfL level was associated with greater declines in cognition and gait speed over time, providing further evidence of the links between cognitive and physical function. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.clinicaltrials.gov [ NCT00672685 ].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao He
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 37 allées Jules Guesdes, 31000, Toulouse, France.
| | - Philipe de Souto Barreto
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 37 allées Jules Guesdes, 31000, Toulouse, France
- UMR UPS/INSERM, 1027 University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Geetika Aggarwal
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew D Nguyen
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John E Morley
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Randall J Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 37 allées Jules Guesdes, 31000, Toulouse, France
- UMR UPS/INSERM, 1027 University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
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12
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Sung WH, Hung JT, Lu YJ, Cheng CM. Paper-Based Detection Device for Alzheimer's Disease-Detecting β-amyloid Peptides (1-42) in Human Plasma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E272. [PMID: 32365918 PMCID: PMC7277973 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is frequently missed or delayed in clinical practice. To remedy this situation, we developed a screening, paper-based (P-ELISA) platform to detect β-amyloid peptide 1-42 (Aβ42) and provide rapid results using a small volume, easily accessible plasma sample instead of cerebrospinal fluid. The protocol outlined herein only requires 3 μL of sample per well and a short operating time (i.e., only 90 min). The detection limit of Aβ42 is 63.04 pg/mL in a buffer system. This P-ELISA-based approach can be used for early, preclinical stage AD screening, including screening for amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD. It may also be used for treatment and stage monitoring purposes. The implementation of this approach may provide tremendous impact for an afflicted population and may well prompt additional and expanded efforts in both academic and commercial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsuan Sung
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Tung Hung
- Institute of Stem Cell & Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkuo Medical Center, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Jen Lu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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13
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Wang X, Sun Y, Li T, Cai Y, Han Y. Amyloid-β as a Blood Biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of Recent Literature. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 73:819-832. [PMID: 31868667 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoni Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Taoran Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanning Cai
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Alzheimer’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
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14
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Kwak DE, Ko T, Koh HS, Ji YW, Shin J, Kim K, Kim HY, Lee HK, Kim Y. Alterations of aqueous humor Aβ levels in Aβ-infused and transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227618. [PMID: 31923257 PMCID: PMC6953883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an ageing-related neurodegenerative disease characterized and diagnosed by deposition of insoluble amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in the brain. The plaque accumulation in the brain directly affects reduced levels of Aβ in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood, as Aβ can freely transport the blood-brain barrier, and clinical investigations have suggested these two biofluids as promising samples for in vitro diagnosis. Given that the human eye structurally resembles the brain and Aβ accumulation often observed in the ocular region of AD patients, in this study, we examined aqueous humor Aβ as another possible surrogate biomarker. First, using the acute Aβ-infused AD mouse model by injecting Aβ to the CSF in intracerebroventricular region of normal ICR mice, we investigated whether Aβ concentration in the aqueous humor in AD models is positively correlated with the concentration in the CSF. Then, we examined the correlation of aqueous humor Aβ levels with increased plaque deposition in the brain and reduced Aβ levels in both CSF and blood in adult and aged 5XFAD Alzheimer transgenic mice. Collectively, the synthetic Aβ injected into CSF immediately migrate to the aqueous humor, however, the age-dependently reducing pattern of Aβ levels in CSF and blood was not observed in the aqueous humor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Eun Kwak
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Ko
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Industrial Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Seok Koh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Woo Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeonghwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Keun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HKL); (YSK)
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Industrial Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Science and Engineering Division, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HKL); (YSK)
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15
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Wong MWK, Braidy N, Pickford R, Sachdev PS, Poljak A. Comparison of Single Phase and Biphasic Extraction Protocols for Lipidomic Studies Using Human Plasma. Front Neurol 2019; 10:879. [PMID: 31496985 PMCID: PMC6712511 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipidomic profiling of plasma is an emerging field, given the importance of lipids in major cellular pathways, and is dependent on efficient lipid extraction protocols. Recent attention has turned to plasma lipidomics as a means to identify potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers related to dementia, neuropsychiatric health and disease. Although several solvent-based lipid extraction protocols have been developed and are currently in use, novel and more efficient methods could greatly simplify lipid analysis in plasma and warrant investigation. Human plasma from normolipidemic adult volunteers was collected to evaluate three different solvent extraction protocols, including the classical Folch method, the methanol/tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE) (Matyash) method, and a recent single-phase methanol/1-butanol (Alshehry) method. Extracted lipids were analyzed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in positive and negative ion mode. Overall, more than 500 different lipids were identified in positive and negative ion mode combined. Our data show that the single phase Alshehry method was as effective as the Folch and Matyash methods in extracting most lipid classes and was more effective in extraction of polar lipids. Normalized peak areas of the Alshehry method were highly and positively correlated with both the Folch and Matyash methods (r 2 = 0.99 and 0.97, respectively). Within- and between- subject correlations were r = 0.99 and 0.96, respectively. Median intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV%) in positive mode was 14.1, 15.1, and 21.8 for the Alshehry, Folch and Matyash methods, respectively. Median Alshehry inter-assay CV (collected over 5 separate days) was 14.4%. In conclusion, the novel Alshehry method was at least as good as, if not better than the established biphasic extraction methods in detecting a wide range of lipid classes, using as little as 10 μL of plasma, and was highly reproducible, safer and more environmentally-friendly as it doesn't require chloroform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wai Kin Wong
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Russell Pickford
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder Singh Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne Poljak
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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16
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Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease utilizing amyloid and tau as fluid biomarkers. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-10. [PMID: 31073121 PMCID: PMC6509326 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0250-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Current technological advancements in clinical and research settings have permitted a more intensive and comprehensive understanding of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This development in knowledge regarding AD pathogenesis has been implemented to produce disease-modifying drugs. The potential for accessible and effective therapeutic methods has generated a need for detecting this neurodegenerative disorder during early stages of progression because such remedial effects are more profound when implemented during the initial, prolonged prodromal stages of pathogenesis. The aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau isoforms are characteristic of AD; thus, they are considered core candidate biomarkers. However, research attempting to establish the reliability of Aβ and tau as biomarkers has culminated in an amalgamation of contradictory results and theories regarding the biomarker concentrations necessary for an accurate diagnosis. In this review, we consider the capabilities and limitations of fluid biomarkers collected from cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and oral, ocular, and olfactory secretions as diagnostic tools for AD, along with the impact of the integration of these biomarkers in clinical settings. Furthermore, the evolution of diagnostic criteria and novel research findings are discussed. This review is a summary and reflection of the ongoing concerted efforts to establish fluid biomarkers as a diagnostic tool and implement them in diagnostic procedures. Markers from body fluids could help clinicians diagnose Alzheimer’s disease before cognitive decline appears. After numerous setbacks in treating advanced Alzheimer’s, researchers are eager to identify biological indicators that facilitate earlier disease detection and interception. A review by YoungSoo Kim and colleagues at Yonsei University in South Korea, explores the promise of ‘fluid biomarkers,’ which enables diagnosis using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, oral, ocular, and olfactory fluid samples. Shifts in CSF levels of amyloid beta and tau, two proteins central to Alzheimer’s pathology, can reliably monitor at-risk individuals. Although CSF collection is unpleasant for patients, it remains more promising than blood, where current data for candidate fluid biomarkers are relatively inconclusive. In this review, investigations to discover safer, cheaper, and more reliable diagnostic tools to shift treatment from alleviation to prevention are introduced.
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17
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Yang SH, Shin J, Shin NN, Hwang JH, Hong SC, Park K, Lee JW, Lee S, Baek S, Kim K, Cho I, Kim Y. A small molecule Nec-1 directly induces amyloid clearance in the brains of aged APP/PS1 mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4183. [PMID: 30862818 PMCID: PMC6414664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the formation of toxic amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers and plaques. Considering that Aβ misfolding and aggregation precedes the progressive development of cognitive impairment in AD, investigating a therapeutic means by clearance of pre-existing Aβ aggregates shows promise as a viable disease-modifying treatment. Here, we report that a small molecule, necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), reduces Aβ aggregates back to non-toxic monomers in vitro and in vivo. Intravenous administration of Nec-1 reduced the levels of Aβ plaques in the brains of aged APP/PS1 double transgenic mice. In addition, Nec-1 exhibited therapeutic effects against Aβ aggregates by inhibiting Aβ-induced brain cell death in neuronal and microglial cell lines. Nec-1 also showed anti-apoptotic and anti-necroptotic effects in the cortex of aged APP/PS1 mice by reducing levels of phosphorylated-RIPK3 and Bax and increasing the levels of Bcl-2. According to our data in vitro and in silico, the methyl group of the amine in the 2-thioxo-4-imidazolidinone is the key moiety of Nec-1 that directs its activity against aggregated Aβ. Given that the accumulation of Aβ aggregates is an important hallmark of AD, our studies provide strong evidence that Nec-1 may serve a key role in the development of AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hoon Yang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.,Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Naewoo Neo Shin
- Integrated Science and Engineering Division, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Hwang
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Hong
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunwan Park
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Wook Lee
- Natural Constituent Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.,Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyeop Baek
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.,Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeonghwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.,Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Illhwan Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.,Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea. .,Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea. .,Integrated Science and Engineering Division, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
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18
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An Enhanced Platform to Analyse Low-Affinity Amyloid β Protein by Integration of Electrical Detection and Preconcentrator. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14303. [PMID: 29084978 PMCID: PMC5662786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) enhancement are essential criteria for the development of ultrasensitive molecular sensors. Although various sensor types have been investigated to enhance sensitivity and LOD, analyte detection and its quantification are still challenging, particularly for protein-protein interactions with low association constants. To solve this problem, here, we used ion concentration polarization (ICP)-based preconcentration to increase the local concentration of analytes in a microfluidic platform for LOD improvement. This was the first demonstration of a microfluidic device with an integrated ICP preconcentrator and interdigitated microelectrode (IME) sensor to detect small changes in surface binding between antigens and antibodies. We detected the amyloid beta (Aβ) protein, an Alzheimer's disease marker, with low binding affinity to its antibodies by adopting ICP preconcentration phenomena. We demonstrated that a combination of ICP preconcentrator and IME sensor increased the LOD by 13.8-fold to femtomolar level (8.15 fM), which corresponds to a significant advance for clinical applications.
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19
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An SSA, Lee BS, Yu JS, Lim K, Kim GJ, Lee R, Kim S, Kang S, Park YH, Wang MJ, Yang YS, Youn YC, Kim S. Dynamic changes of oligomeric amyloid β levels in plasma induced by spiked synthetic Aβ 42. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2017; 9:86. [PMID: 29041968 PMCID: PMC5645921 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background A reliable blood-based assay is required to properly diagnose and monitor Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Many attempts have been made to develop such a diagnostic tool by measuring amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) in the blood, but none have been successful in terms of method reliability. We present a multimer detection system (MDS), initially developed for the detection of prion oligomers in the blood, to detect AβOs. Methods To characterize Aβ in the blood, plasma was spiked with synthetic amyloid-β (Aβ) and incubated over time. Then, the MDS was used to monitor the dynamic changes of AβO levels in the plasma. Results Increasing concentrations of AβOs were observed in the plasma of patients with AD but not in the plasma of normal control subjects. The plasma from patients with AD (n = 27) was differentiated from that of the age-matched normal control subjects (n = 144) with a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 90.0%. Conclusions Synthetic Aβ spiked into the blood plasma of patients with AD, but that of not elderly normal control subjects, induced dynamic changes in the formation of AβOs over time. AβOs were detected by the MDS, which is a useful blood-based assay with high sensitivity and specificity for AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Sub Lee
- Research and Development, PeopleBio Inc., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Yu
- Research and Development, PeopleBio Inc., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuntaek Lim
- Research and Development, PeopleBio Inc., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Je Kim
- Research and Development, PeopleBio Inc., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryan Lee
- Research and Development, PeopleBio Inc., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinwon Kim
- Research and Development, PeopleBio Inc., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Kang
- Research and Development, PeopleBio Inc., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine & Neurocognitive Behavior Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumidong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine & Neurocognitive Behavior Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumidong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soon Yang
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Youn
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine & Neurocognitive Behavior Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumidong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Yoo YK, Kim J, Kim G, Kim YS, Kim HY, Lee S, Cho WW, Kim S, Lee SM, Lee BC, Lee JH, Hwang KS. A highly sensitive plasma-based amyloid-β detection system through medium-changing and noise cancellation system for early diagnosis of the Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8882. [PMID: 28827785 PMCID: PMC5567090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed an interdigitated microelectrode (IME) sensor system for blood-based Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis based on impedimetric detection of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein, which is a representative candidate biomarker for AD. The IME sensing device was fabricated using a surface micromachining process. For highly sensitive detection of several tens to hundreds of picogram/mL of Aβ in blood, medium change from plasma to PBS buffer was utilized with signal cancellation and amplification processing (SCAP) system. The system demonstrated approximately 100-folds higher sensitivity according to the concentrations. A robust antibody-immobilization process was used for stability during medium change. Selectivity of the reaction due to the affinity of Aβ to the antibody and the sensitivity according to the concentration of Aβ were also demonstrated. Considering these basic characteristics of the IME sensor system, the medium change was optimized in relation to the absolute value of impedance change and differentiated impedance changes for real plasma based Aβ detection. Finally, the detection of Aβ levels in transgenic and wild-type mouse plasma samples was accomplished with the designed sensor system and the medium-changing method. The results confirmed the potential of this system to discriminate between patients and healthy controls, which would enable blood-based AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Kyoung Yoo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, South Korea
| | - Jinsik Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gangeun Kim
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, South Korea
| | - Young Soo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy & Integrated Science and Engineering Division, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Hye Yun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy & Integrated Science and Engineering Division, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Sejin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy & Integrated Science and Engineering Division, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Won Woo Cho
- CANTIS.co, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, 426-901, South Korea
| | - Seongsoo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Sang-Myung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, South Korea
| | - Kyo Seon Hwang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
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21
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Study of Alzheimer's Disease-Related Biophysical Kinetics with a Microslit-Embedded Cantilever Sensor in a Liquid Environment. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17081819. [PMID: 28783132 PMCID: PMC5579575 DOI: 10.3390/s17081819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A microsized slit-embedded cantilever sensor (slit cantilever) was fabricated and evaluated as a biosensing platform in a liquid environment. In order to minimize the degradation caused by viscous damping, a 300 × 100 µm2 (length × width) sized cantilever was released by a 5 µm gap-surrounding and vibrated by an internal piezoelectric-driven self-actuator. Owing to the structure, when the single side of the slit cantilever was exposed to liquid a significant quality factor (Q = 35) could be achieved. To assess the sensing performance, the slit cantilever was exploited to study the biophysical kinetics related to Aβ peptide. First, the quantification of Aβ peptide with a concentration of 10 pg/mL to 1 μg/mL was performed. The resonant responses exhibited a dynamic range from 100 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL (−56.5 to −774 ΔHz) and a dissociation constant (KD) of binding affinity was calculated as 1.75 nM. Finally, the Aβ self-aggregation associated with AD pathogenesis was monitored by adding monomeric Aβ peptides. As the concentration of added analyte increased from 100 ng/mL to 10 µg/mL, both the frequency shift values (−813 to −1804 ΔHz) and associate time constant increased. These results showed the excellent sensing performance of the slit cantilever overcoming a major drawback in liquid environments to become a promising diagnostic tool candidate.
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22
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Membrane-Associated Effects of Glucocorticoid on BACE1 Upregulation and Aβ Generation: Involvement of Lipid Raft-Mediated CREB Activation. J Neurosci 2017; 37:8459-8476. [PMID: 28855330 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0074-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid has been widely accepted to induce Alzheimer's disease, but the nongenomic effect of glucocorticoid on amyloid β (Aβ) generation has yet to be studied. Here, we investigated the effect of the nongenomic pathway induced by glucocorticoid on amyloid precursor protein processing enzymes as well as Aβ production using male ICR mice and human neuroblastoma SK-N-MC cells. Mice groups exposed to restraint stress or intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ showed impaired cognition, decreased intracellular glucocorticoid receptor (GR) level, but elevated level of membrane GR (mGR). In this respect, we identified the mGR-dependent pathway evoked by glucocorticoid using impermeable cortisol conjugated to BSA (cortisol-BSA) on SK-N-MC cells. Cortisol-BSA augmented the expression of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), the level of C-terminal fragment β of amyloid precursor protein (C99) and Aβ production, which were maintained even after blocking intracellular GR. We also found that cortisol-BSA enhanced the interaction between mGR and Gαs, which colocalized in the lipid raft. The subsequently activated CREB by cortisol-BSA bound to the CRE site of the BACE1 promoter increasing its expression, which was downregulated by inhibiting CBP. Consistently, blocking CBP attenuated cognitive impairment and Aβ production induced by corticosterone treatment or intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ more efficiently than inhibiting intracellular GR in mice. In conclusion, glucocorticoid couples mGR with Gαs and triggers cAMP-PKA-CREB axis dependent on the lipid raft to stimulate BACE1 upregulation and Aβ generation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been growing sharply and stress is considered as the major environment factor of AD. Glucocorticoid is the primarily responsive factor to stress and is widely known to induce AD. However, most AD patients usually have impaired genomic pathway of glucocorticoid due to intracellular glucocorticoid receptor deficiency. In this respect, the genomic mechanism of glucocorticoid faces difficulties in explaining the consistent amyloid β (Aβ) production. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the novel pathway of glucocorticoid on Aβ generation to find a more selective therapeutic approach to AD patients. In this study, we revealed the importance of nongenomic pathway induced by glucocorticoid where membrane glucocorticoid receptor plays an important role in Aβ formation.
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23
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Vinothkumar G, Kedharnath C, Krishnakumar S, Sreedhar S, Preethikrishnan K, Dinesh S, Sundaram A, Balakrishnan D, Shivashekar G, Sureshkumar, Venkataraman P. Abnormal amyloid β 42 expression and increased oxidative stress in plasma of CKD patients with cognitive dysfunction: A small scale case control study comparison with Alzheimer's disease. BBA CLINICAL 2017; 8:20-27. [PMID: 28702365 PMCID: PMC5491400 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Cognitive dysfunction has been increasingly recognized in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Senile plaques are important pathophysiological characteristic of cognitive dysfunction. The major component of plaques is the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide released from proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Plasma Aβ has been a focus of the growing literature on blood based biomarkers for cognitive dysfunction. Oxidative stress is prevalent in CKD and it plays an important role in cognitive dysfunction. Increased oxidative stress leads to cause cleavage of APP and Aβ production. The aim of this study is to assess the antioxidant status and Aβ42 levels in plasma of CKD patients with cognitive dysfunction compared to CKD without cognitive dysfunction. Methods A total of 60 subjects divided into 30 CKD without cognitive dysfunction and 30 CKD with cognitive dysfunction based on neuropsychological assessment tests. To compare antioxidant status and Aβ42 levels in plasma, the following groups such as healthy subjects (n = 30), normocytic normochromic anemia (n = 30) and Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 10) patients were also maintained. Plasma Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were determined by spectrophotometrically. Aβ level was determined by immunoblotting method. The parameters were statistically compared with healthy, normocytic normochromic anemia and AD subjects. Results Like AD subjects, significantly increased Aβ and LPO level while decreased SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH levels were observed in plasma of CKD patients with cognitive dysfunction when compared to healthy, CKD without cognitive dysfunction and normocytic normochromic anemic subjects. Conclusion Results suggest that elevated plasma oxidative stress and Aβ were seen in CKD patients with cognitive dysfunction may be attributed to pathological changes within the brain. Cognitive dysfunction has been increasingly recognized in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The major component of plaques is the amyloid β peptide released from proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein. Plasma Aβ has been a focus of the growing literature on blood based biomarkers for cognitive dysfunction. Oxidative stress is prevalent in CKD and it plays an important role in cognitive dysfunction. Increased oxidative stress leads to cause cleavage of APP and Aβ production.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vinothkumar
- Department of Medical Research, SRM Medical College Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - C Kedharnath
- Department of Nephrology, SRM Medical College Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - S Krishnakumar
- Department of Nephrology, SRM Medical College Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - S Sreedhar
- Department of Nephrology, SRM Medical College Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - K Preethikrishnan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, SRM Medical College Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - S Dinesh
- Department of Clinical Psychology, SRM Medical College Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - A Sundaram
- Department of Medical Research, SRM Medical College Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - D Balakrishnan
- Department of Medical Research, SRM Medical College Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - G Shivashekar
- Department of Pathology, SRM Medical College Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - Sureshkumar
- Department of Neurology, Balaji Medical College Hospital, Chrompet, Chennai, India
| | - P Venkataraman
- Department of Medical Research, SRM Medical College Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
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24
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Liu L, Yu J, Li L, Zhang B, Liu L, Wu CH, Jong A, Mao DA, Huang SH. Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is required for amyloid pathology in brain endothelial cells induced by Glycoprotein 120, methamphetamine and nicotine. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40467. [PMID: 28074940 PMCID: PMC5225415 DOI: 10.1038/srep40467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most challenging issues in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) caused by HIV-1 virotoxins and drug abuse is the lack of understanding the underlying mechanisms that are commonly associated with disorders of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which mainly consists of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC). Here, we hypothesized that Glycoprotein 120 (gp120), methamphetamine (METH) and nicotine (NT) can enhance amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation in BMEC through Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR). Both in vitro (human BMEC) (HBMEC) and in vivo (mice) models of BBB were used to dissect the role of α7 nAChR in up-regulation of Aβ induced by gp120, METH and NT. Aβ release from and transport across HBMEC were significantly increased by these factors. Methyllycaconitine (MLA), an antagonist of α7 nAChR, could efficiently block these pathogenic effects. Furthermore, our animal data showed that these factors could significantly increase the levels of Aβ, Tau and Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) in mouse cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and Aβ in the mouse brains. These pathogenicities were significantly reduced by MLA, suggesting that α7 nAChR may play an important role in neuropathology caused by gp120, METH and NT, which are the major pathogenic factors contributing to the pathogenesis of HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Saban Research Institute, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90027, USA
| | - Jingyi Yu
- Saban Research Institute, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90027, USA.,School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650034, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Saban Research Institute, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90027, USA.,School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lingjuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Chun-Hua Wu
- Saban Research Institute, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90027, USA
| | - Ambrose Jong
- Saban Research Institute, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90027, USA
| | - Ding-An Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Sheng-He Huang
- Saban Research Institute, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90027, USA.,School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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25
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Kim T, Yang HY, Park BG, Jung SY, Park JH, Park KD, Min SJ, Tae J, Yang H, Cho S, Cho SJ, Song H, Mook-Jung I, Lee J, Pae AN. Discovery of benzimidazole derivatives as modulators of mitochondrial function: A potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 125:1172-1192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Mazzitelli S, Filipello F, Rasile M, Lauranzano E, Starvaggi-Cucuzza C, Tamborini M, Pozzi D, Barajon I, Giorgino T, Natalello A, Matteoli M. Amyloid-β 1-24 C-terminal truncated fragment promotes amyloid-β 1-42 aggregate formation in the healthy brain. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016; 4:110. [PMID: 27724899 PMCID: PMC5057504 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial data indicate that amyloid-β (Aβ), the major component of senile plaques, plays a central role in Alzheimer’s Disease and indeed the assembly of naturally occurring amyloid peptides into cytotoxic aggregates is linked to the disease pathogenesis. Although Aβ42 is a highly aggregating form of Aβ, the co-occurrence of shorter Aβ peptides might affect the aggregation potential of the Aβ pool. In this study we aimed to assess whether the structural behavior of human Aβ42 peptide inside the brain is influenced by the concomitant presence of N-terminal fragments produced by the proteolytic activity of glial cells. We show that the occurrence of the human C-terminal truncated 1–24 Aβ fragment impairs Aβ42 clearance through blood brain barrier and promotes the formation of Aβ42 aggregates even in the healthy brain. By showing that Aβ1-24 has seeding properties for aggregate formation in intracranially injected wild type mice, our study provide the proof-of-concept that peptides produced upon Aβ42 cleavage by activated glial cells may cause phenotypic defects even in the absence of genetic mutations associated with Alzheimer’s Disease, possibly contributing to the development of the sporadic form of the pathology.
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27
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Poljak A, Sachdev PS. Plasma amyloid beta peptides: an Alzheimer’s conundrum or a more accessible Alzheimer’s biomarker? Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 17:3-5. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2016.1217156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Poljak
- Center for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences (SOMS), University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility (BMSF), University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder Singh Sachdev
- Center for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
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28
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Martins IJ. The Role of Clinical Proteomics, Lipidomics, and Genomics in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. Proteomes 2016; 4:proteomes4020014. [PMID: 28248224 PMCID: PMC5217345 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes4020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has become important to the reversal and treatment of neurodegeneration, which may be relevant to premature brain aging that is associated with chronic disease progression. Clinical proteomics allows the detection of various proteins in fluids such as the urine, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis of AD. Interest in lipidomics has accelerated with plasma testing for various lipid biomarkers that may with clinical proteomics provide a more reproducible diagnosis for early brain aging that is connected to other chronic diseases. The combination of proteomics with lipidomics may decrease the biological variability between studies and provide reproducible results that detect a community’s susceptibility to AD. The diagnosis of chronic disease associated with AD that now involves genomics may provide increased sensitivity to avoid inadvertent errors related to plasma versus cerebrospinal fluid testing by proteomics and lipidomics that identify new disease biomarkers in body fluids, cells, and tissues. The diagnosis of AD by various plasma biomarkers with clinical proteomics may now require the involvement of lipidomics and genomics to provide interpretation of proteomic results from various laboratories around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian James Martins
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup 6027, Australia.
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29
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Kim HY, Lee DK, Chung BR, Kim HV, Kim Y. Intracerebroventricular Injection of Amyloid-β Peptides in Normal Mice to Acutely Induce Alzheimer-like Cognitive Deficits. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27023127 DOI: 10.3791/53308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) is a major pathological mediator of both familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the brains of AD patients, progressive accumulation of Aβ oligomers and plaques is observed. Such Aβ abnormalities are believed to block long-term potentiation, impair synaptic function, and induce cognitive deficits. Clinical and experimental evidences have revealed that the acute increase of Aβ levels in the brain allows development of Alzheimer-like phenotypes. Hence, a detailed protocol describing how to acutely generate an AD mouse model via the intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Aβ is necessary in many cases. In this protocol, the steps of the experiment with an Aβ-injected mouse are included, from the preparation of peptides to the testing of behavioral abnormalities. The process of preparing the tools and animal subjects before the injection, of injecting the Aβ into the mouse brain via ICV injection, and of assessing the degree of cognitive impairment are easily explained throughout the protocol, with an emphasis on tips for effective ICV injection of Aβ. By mimicking certain aspects of AD with a designated injection of Aβ, researchers can bypass the aging process and focus on the downstream pathology of Aβ abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yun Kim
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Research Institute, GoshenBiotech, Inc
| | - Dongkeun K Lee
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Bo-Ryehn Chung
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University
| | - Hyunjin V Kim
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Biological Chemistry Program, Korea University of Science and Technology
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Biological Chemistry Program, Korea University of Science and Technology;
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30
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Morgese MG, Tucci P, Mhillaj E, Bove M, Schiavone S, Trabace L, Cuomo V. Lifelong Nutritional Omega-3 Deficiency Evokes Depressive-Like State Through Soluble Beta Amyloid. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2079-2089. [PMID: 26924315 PMCID: PMC5355522 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence pointed out that the prevalence of depression has reached epidemic proportions in last decades. This increase has been linked to many environmental factors, among these the influence of dietary factors has gained great attention. In particular, it has been reported that low n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) intake in diet is correlated to the development of depressive and anxiety-like symptoms. Furthermore, maternal malnutrition is a widely accepted risk factor for developing mental illness in later adulthood; among others, depression has been strongly associated to this event. On the other hand, we have previously found that acute intracerebral injection of the soluble beta amyloid 1–42 (Aβ1–42) peptide induces a depressive-like behavior in rats, associated to altered hypothalamic–pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation and reduced cortical serotonin and neurotrophin levels. The aim of the present work was to study the effect of pre- and post-natal (5 weeks post-weaning) exposure to diets differently enriched in n-3, n-6, as well as n-6/n-3 PUFA balanced, on immobility time displayed on the forced swimming test (FST), along with neuroendocrine quantification in offspring rats. Results showed that n-6 PUFA-enriched diet increased depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, as shown by the elevation in the immobility time in the FST test and self-grooming in the open field test. Those effects were accompanied by reduced cortical serotonin, high plasmatic corticosterone and hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor levels. Finally, enhanced plasmatic Aβ1–42 levels after n-6 PUFA diet and reduced plasmatic Aβ1–42 levels after n-3 PUFA were found. Taken together, our data indicate that Aβ1–42 might be crucially involved in behavioral alterations found after n-6 rich PUFA diet and strongly endorse the protective role of n-3 and the detrimental effect of improper n-6 PUFA diet consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mhillaj
- Physiology and Pharmacology, La Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Bove
- Physiology and Pharmacology, La Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cuomo
- Physiology and Pharmacology, La Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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31
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Cho SM, Lee S, Yang SH, Kim HY, Lee MJ, Kim HV, Kim J, Baek S, Yun J, Kim D, Kim YK, Cho Y, Woo J, Kim TS, Kim Y. Age-dependent inverse correlations in CSF and plasma amyloid-β(1-42) concentrations prior to amyloid plaque deposition in the brain of 3xTg-AD mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20185. [PMID: 26830653 PMCID: PMC4735736 DOI: 10.1038/srep20185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) plays a critical role as a biomarker in Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis. In addition to its diagnostic potential in the brain, recent studies have suggested that changes of Aβ level in the plasma can possibly indicate AD onset. In this study, we found that plasma Aβ(1-42) concentration increases with age, while the concentration of Aβ(1-42) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) decreases in APPswe, PS1M146V and TauP301L transgenic (3xTg-AD) mice, if measurements were made before formation of ThS-positive plaques in the brain. Our data suggests that there is an inverse correlations between the plasma and CSF Aβ(1-42) levels until plaques form in transgenic mice's brains and that the plasma Aβ concentration possesses the diagnostic potential as a biomarker for diagnosis of early AD stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Cho
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biological Chemistry Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejin Lee
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biological Chemistry Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Yang
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yun Kim
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biological Chemistry Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,GoshenBiotech, 83-2 Wolmun-ri, Wabu-eup, Namyangju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Jisoo Lee
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Education, California Northstate University College of Medicine, 9700 W Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Hyunjin Vincent Kim
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biological Chemistry Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Kim
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biological Chemistry Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyeop Baek
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yun
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biological Chemistry Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohee Kim
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Kim
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biological Chemistry Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yakdol Cho
- Center for Neuroscience and Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwan Woo
- Center for Neuroscience and Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Song Kim
- Center for BioMicroSystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biological Chemistry Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Yang SH, Kim J, Lee MJ, Kim Y. Abnormalities of plasma cytokines and spleen in senile APP/PS1/Tau transgenic mouse model. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15703. [PMID: 26503550 PMCID: PMC4621607 DOI: 10.1038/srep15703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-based diagnosis has a potential to provide an alternative approach for easy diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with less invasiveness and low-cost. However, present blood-based AD diagnosis mainly focuses on measuring the plasma Aβ level because no other biomarkers are found to possess evident transport mechanisms to pass the blood-brain barrier. In order to avoid diagnosing non-demented individuals with Aβ abnormality, finding additional biomarkers to supplement plasma Aβ is essential. In this study, we introduce potential neurodegenerative biomarkers for blood-based diagnosis. We observed severe splenomegaly and structural destruction in the spleen with significantly decreased B lymphocytes in senile APPswe, PS1M146V and TauP301L transgenic mice. We also found that inflammatory cytokines associated with splenic dysfunction were altered in the plasma of these mice. These findings suggest potential involvement of the splenic dysfunction in AD and the importance of biomarker level alterations in the plasma as putative diagnostic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hoon Yang
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Kim
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biological Chemistry Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Jisoo Lee
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Education, California Northstate University College of Medicine, 9700 W Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biological Chemistry Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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