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Vasileva F, Font-Lladó R, Carreras-Badosa G, Roman-Viñas B, Cadellans-Arróniz A, López-Bermejo A, Prats-Puig A. Salivary cardiac-enriched FHL2-interacting protein is associated with higher diastolic-to-systolic-blood pressure ratio, sedentary time and center of pressure displacement in healthy 7-9 years old school-children. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1292653. [PMID: 38304464 PMCID: PMC10830845 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1292653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardiac-enriched FHL2-interacting protein (CEFIP) is a recently identified protein, first found in the z-disc of striated muscles, and related to cardiovascular diseases. Our objectives are: 1) to quantify CEFIP in saliva in healthy 7-9 years old school-children; and 2) to assess the associations of salivary CEFIP concentration and blood pressure, physical (in)activity and physical fitness in these children. Methods A total of 72 children (7.6 ± 0.3 years) were included in the study, recruited in primary schools in Girona (Spain). A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used (abx506878; Abbexa, United Kingdom) to quantify CEFIP in saliva. Anthropometric evaluation was performed [body mass, height and body mass index (BMI)]. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured by means of an electronic oscillometer and the diastolic-to-systolic blood pressure ratio (D/S BP ratio) was calculated. Physical (in)activity [sedentary time and time spent in physical activity (PA)] were assessed by means of a triaxial Actigraph GT3X accelerometer (Actigraph, Pensacola, FL, USA) that children were instructed to wear for 24h during 7 conssecutive days. Finally, physical fitness (speed and agility, explosive power of legs, handgrip strength, flexibility and balance) were assessed through validated and standardized testing batteries. Results CEFIP was easily detected and measured in all saliva samples (mean concentration: 0.6 ± 0.2 pg/ml). Salivary CEFIP was positively associated with D/S BP ratio (r=0.305, p=0.010) and sedentary time (r=0.317, p=0.012), but negatively associated with PA in 7-9 years old school-children (r=-0.350, p=0.002). Furthermore, salivary CEFIP was related to lower level of balance i.e., higher center of pressure (CoP) displacement in these children (r=0.411, p<0.001). The associations of salivary CEFIP with D/S BP ratio (Beta=0.349, p=0.004), sedentary time (Beta=0.354, p=0.009) and CoP displacement (Beta=0.401, p=0.001), were maintained significant after adjustment for potential confounding variables such as age, gender and BMI in linear regression analyses. Conclusion CEFIP can be easily assessed in saliva as a promising biomarker associated with cardiovascular health in 7-9 years old school-children. Interestingly, higher salivary CEFIP concentration was related to higher D/S BP ratio, more sedentary time and higher CoP displacement i.e., lower level of balance in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidanka Vasileva
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Girona, Spain
- University School of Health and Sport, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Raquel Font-Lladó
- University School of Health and Sport, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Research Group of Culture and Education, Institute of Educational Research, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Gemma Carreras-Badosa
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Girona, Spain
| | - Blanca Roman-Viñas
- University School of Health and Sport, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Blanquerna-Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aïda Cadellans-Arróniz
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Prats-Puig
- University School of Health and Sport, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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Kumari S, Samara M, Ampadi Ramachandran R, Gosh S, George H, Wang R, Pesavento RP, Mathew MT. A Review on Saliva-Based Health Diagnostics: Biomarker Selection and Future Directions. BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS & DEVICES (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37363139 PMCID: PMC10243891 DOI: 10.1007/s44174-023-00090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The human body has a unique way of saying when something is wrong with it. The molecules in the body fluids can be helpful in the early detection of diseases by enabling health and preventing disease progression. These biomarkers enabling better healthcare are becoming an extensive area of research interest. Biosensors that detect these biomarkers are becoming the future, especially Point Of Care (POC) biosensors that remove the need to be physically present in the hospital. Detection of complex and systemic diseases using biosensors has a long way to go. Saliva-based biosensors are gaining attention among body fluids due to their non-invasive collection and ability to detect periodontal disease and identify systemic diseases. The possibility of saliva-based diagnostic biosensors has gained much publicity, with companies sending home kits for ancestry prediction. Saliva-based testing for covid 19 has revealed effective clinical use and relevance of the economic collection. Based on universal biomarkers, the detection of systemic diseases is a booming research arena. Lots of research on saliva-based biosensors is available, but it still poses challenges and limitations as POC devices. This review paper talks about the relevance of saliva and its usefulness as a biosensor. Also, it has recommendations that need to be considered to enable it as a possible diagnostic tool. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Kumari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Mesk Samara
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Sujoy Gosh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Haritha George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Russell P. Pesavento
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Mathew T. Mathew
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
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Grootveld M, Page G, Bhogadia M, Hunwin K, Edgar M. Updates and Original Case Studies Focused on the NMR-Linked Metabolomics Analysis of Human Oral Fluids Part III: Implementations for the Diagnosis of Non-Cancerous Disorders, Both Oral and Systemic. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010066. [PMID: 36676991 PMCID: PMC9864626 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This communication represents Part III of our series of reports based on the applications of human saliva as a useful and conveniently collectable medium for the discovery, identification and monitoring of biomarkers, which are of some merit for the diagnosis of human diseases. Such biomarkers, or others reflecting the dysfunction of specific disease-associated metabolic pathways, may also be employed for the prognostic pathological tracking of these diseases. Part I of this series set the experimental and logistical groundwork for this report, and the preceding paper, Part II, featured the applications of newly developed metabolomics technologies to the diagnosis and severity grading of human cancer conditions, both oral and systemic. Clearly, there are many benefits, both scientific and economic, associated with the donation of human saliva samples (usually as whole mouth saliva) from humans consenting to and participating in investigations focused on the discovery of biomolecular markers of diseases. These include usually non-invasive collection protocols, relatively low cost when compared against blood sample collection, and no requirement for clinical supervision during collection episodes. This paper is centred on the employment and value of 'state-of-the-art' metabolomics technologies to the diagnosis and prognosis of a wide range of non-cancerous human diseases. Firstly, these include common oral diseases such as periodontal diseases (from type 1 (gingivitis) to type 4 (advanced periodontitis)), and dental caries. Secondly, a wide range of extra-oral (systemic) conditions are covered, most notably diabetes types 1 and 2, cardiovascular and neurological diseases, and Sjögren's syndrome, along with a series of viral infections, e.g., pharyngitis, influenza, HIV and COVID-19. Since the authors' major research interests lie in the area of the principles and applications of NMR-linked metabolomics techniques, many, but not all, of the studies reviewed were conducted using these technologies, with special attention being given to recommended protocols for their operation and management, for example, satisfactory experimental model designs; sample collection and laboratory processing techniques; the selection of sample-specific NMR pulse sequences for saliva analysis; and strategies available for the confirmation of resonance assignments for both endogenous and exogenous molecules in this biofluid. This article also features an original case study, which is focussed on the use of NMR-based salivary metabolomics techniques to provide some key biomarkers for the diagnosis of pharyngitis, and an example of how to 'police' such studies and to recognise participants who perceive that they actually have this disorder but do not from their metabolic profiles and multivariate analysis pattern-based clusterings. The biochemical and clinical significance of these multidimensional metabolomics investigations are discussed in detail.
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Zhao S, Yin C, Zhai Y, Jia Z, Su S, Lu Y, Meng L, Li C, Liu X, Cong Y, Li Y, Liu Y, Chen L, Wang J, Xu Z, Zheng Y, Sun Z, Luo RY, Yu X, Yang HS, Liu X, Zhao Z, Cao Z. Serum peptidomic screening identified circulating peptide biomarkers predictive for preeclampsia. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:946433. [PMID: 36304541 PMCID: PMC9595599 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.946433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reliable biomarkers are needed to improve preeclampsia (PE) prediction accuracy. With the investigational tool of peptidomics, we aimed to identify and validate potential serum peptide biomarkers in cohorts suspected for PE development in middle or late pregnancy. Methods Totally 195 serum samples were prospectively collected from pregnant women with PE-related syndromes who were followed up for PE development until delivery. Serum peptidomic analysis was performed in the discovery cohort of 115 samples using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight coupled with Linear Trap Quadropole Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The candidate biomarkers were further validated using an in-house developed liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method in an independent validation cohort of 80 serum samples. Results We identified 8 peptides that were differentially expressed and originated from fibrinogen alpha chain (FGA), inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 (ITIH4) and complement component 3. In the subsequent LC-MS/MS quantitation analysis, the levels of the three peptides (FGA-1033.4, ITIH4-2026.9, ITIH4-2051.1) exhibited a significant difference between the PE-positive and PE-negative groups. Further, the three-peptide panel yielded an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.985 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.965-1.000] and 0.923 (95% CI 0.845-1.000) in the discovery and validation cohorts respectively, with negative predictive values of 98.1-98.8% and positive predictive values of 73.1-85.3% that were much improved when compared with that of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1/placental growth factor (sFlt-1/PlGF) ratio. Conclusions We have discovered and validated a novel three-peptide biomarker panel predictive for the occurrence PE in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Zhai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Jia
- Department of Information and Statistics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaofei Su
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lanlan Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Youran Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengwen Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruben Y. Luo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - He S. Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Xiaowei Liu
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States,Zhen Zhao
| | - Zheng Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Zheng Cao
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Liu T, Wang G, Zhang X, Liu X, Liang Z, Ren X, Yan D, Zhang W. B serum proteome profiles revealed dysregulated proteins and mechanisms associated with insomnia patients: A preliminary study. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:936955. [PMID: 35958162 PMCID: PMC9360785 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.936955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insomnia is a clinical problem of significant public health importance; however, the underlying pathogenesis of this disorder is not comprehensively understood. Methods To identify potential treatment targets and unfold one of the gaps that were involved in insomnia pathological mechanisms, we employed a tandem mass tag-based (TMT) quantitative proteomics technology to detect differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in serum from patients with insomnia and controls. DEPs were further analyzed by bioinformatics platforms. In addition, parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) was used to verify the TMT results. Results Patients with insomnia had poorer sleep quality compared with healthy controls. A total of 106 DEPs were identified among patients with insomnia and controls. They were mainly enriched in immune and inflammation-related biological functions and signaling pathways. Using the protein–protein interaction network, we screened the 10 most connected proteins as key DEPs. We predicted that four key DEPs were subject to targeted regulation by natural compounds of herbs. Eight key DEPs were validated using PRM in an additional 15 patients with insomnia and 15 controls, and the results also supported the experimental findings. Conclusion We identified aberrantly expressed proteins in insomnia that may be involved in the immune-inflammatory response. The 10 key DEPs screened may be potential targets for insomnia, especially FN1, EGF, HP, and IGF1. The results of this study will broaden our understanding of the pathological mechanisms of insomnia and provide more possibilities for pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
- Postdoctoral Workstation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
| | - Guanying Wang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xingping Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
- *Correspondence: Xingping Zhang,
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Zhengting Liang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ren
- Xinjiang Urumqi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Ürümqi, China
| | - Deqi Yan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
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Reichert E, Mosiewicz J, Myśliński W, Jaroszyński A, Stanek A, Brożyna-Tkaczyk K, Madejska-Mosiewicz B. Level of Serum Fetuin-A Correlates with Heart Rate in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients without Metabolic and Cardiovascular Comorbidities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116422. [PMID: 35682006 PMCID: PMC9180227 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common type of sleep-induced breathing disorder in the adult population and significantly affects the condition of the cardiovascular system. Fetuin-A (Fet-A) is a hepato- and adipokine, which prevents vessel calcification, and its level correlates with atherogenesis and metabolic disorders. The associations of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) both with OSA, which increases CVD risk, and Fet-A, which prevents CVD, justify the question of their mutual interactions in patients with OSA. Therefore, we sought to analyze Fet-A as an early biomarker of CVD risk in OSA patients without metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities except for properly controlled arterial hypertension. We have found that in these patients, OSA does not appear to directly affect Fet-A levels. However, high Fet-A levels were more common in the group of patients with OSA, and the hypopnea index was significantly higher among subjects with the highest Fet-A levels. The level of Fet-A in OSA patients positively correlates with pulse rate, and it does not correlate with pulse pressure in this group unlike in the control group, where such a relationship exists. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to analyze this relationship in OSA patients without any significant cardiovascular comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Reichert
- Individual Specialist Medical Practice, Włostowicka 293 C St., 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Mosiewicz
- Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (J.M.); (W.M.)
| | - Wojciech Myśliński
- Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (J.M.); (W.M.)
| | - Andrzej Jaroszyński
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 23-517 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Agata Stanek
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 St., 41-902 Bytom, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Klaudia Brożyna-Tkaczyk
- Department of Internal Diseases, 1st Public University Hospital No. 1 in Lublin, Staszica 16 St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (K.B.-T.); (B.M.-M.)
| | - Barbara Madejska-Mosiewicz
- Department of Internal Diseases, 1st Public University Hospital No. 1 in Lublin, Staszica 16 St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (K.B.-T.); (B.M.-M.)
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Cui Y, Yang M, Zhu J, Zhang H, Duan Z, Wang S, Liao Z, Liu W. Developments in diagnostic applications of saliva in Human Organ Diseases. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Chang S, Guo H, Li J, Ji Y, Jiang H, Ruan L, Du M. Comparative Analysis of Salivary Mycobiome Diversity in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:781246. [PMID: 34926323 PMCID: PMC8671614 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.781246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports on alterations in the oral mycobiome of HIV-infected patients are still limited. This study was designed to compare the salivary mycobiome between 30 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and 30 healthy controls and explore the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) administration on the oral mycobiome of HIV infections. Results showed that the diversity and richness of salivary mycobiome in HIV-infected individuals were higher than those of controls (P < 0.05). After ART, the diversity and richness of salivary mycobiome in HIV-infected patients were reduced significantly (P < 0.05). Candida, Mortierella, Malassezia, Simplicillium, and Penicillium were significantly enriched in the HIV group and dramatically decreased after ART. While the relative abundance of Verticillium, Issatchenkia, and Alternaria significantly increased in patients with HIV after ART. Correlation analysis revealed that Mortierella, Malassezia, Simplicillium, and Chaetomium were positively correlated with viral load (VL), whereas Thyrostroma and Archaeorhizomyces were negatively related to VL and positively related to CD4+ T-cell counts. All results showed that HIV infection and ART administration affected the composition of salivary mycobiome communities. Furthermore, differences of salivary mycobiome in HIV infections after ART were complex and might mirror the immune state of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Chang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiying Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaoting Ji
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lianguo Ruan
- Department of Infectious Diseases Treatment, Wuhan Medical Treatment Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Minquan Du
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Li CX, Zhang L, Yan YR, Ding YJ, Lin YN, Zhou JP, Li N, Li HP, Li SQ, Sun XW, Li QY. A narrative review of exploring potential salivary biomarkers in respiratory diseases: still on its way. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:4541-4553. [PMID: 34422380 PMCID: PMC8339781 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Saliva is abundant with proteins, metabolites, DNA, and a diverse range of bacterial species. During the past two decades, saliva has emerged as a novel diagnostic and evaluation medium for several diseases. Collection of saliva samples is simple, minimally invasive, and convenient even in infants, children, and patients with anxious. Furthermore, with the development of hypersensitive techniques [e.g., microsensor arrays, enzyme-labeled immunosensors, nanoparticle-labeled immunosensors, capacitive or impedimetric immunosensors, magneto immunosensors, field effect transistor immunosensors, and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)], the sensitivity and accuracy of saliva diagnostic procedures have been improved. Nowadays, saliva has been used as a potential medium for several disease diagnosis and assessment, such as periodontitis, caries, cancers, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. Saliva has been used widely for studying microbiomics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics of respiratory diseases, however, the use of salivary biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of respiratory disease is still in its infancy. Herein, we review the progress of research on salivary biomarkers related to several respiratory diseases, including bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and cystic fibrosis (CF). Furthermore, several limitations of saliva test such as the lack of standard protocol for saliva collection and reasonable reference values for saliva test are also mentioned in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Xiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, The Third Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Ru Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Jie Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Ni Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Peng Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Qi Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Wen Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Yun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Conte L, Greco M, Toraldo DM, Arigliani M, Maffia M, De Benedetto M. A review of the "OMICS" for management of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 40:164-172. [PMID: 32773777 PMCID: PMC7416376 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-n0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnaea (OSA) syndrome is a condition characterised by the presence of complete or partial collapse of the upper airways during sleep, resulting in fragmentation of sleep associated with rapid episodes of intermittent hypoxia (IH), activation of the sympathetic nervous system and oxidative stress. OSA is associated with a broad spectrum of cardiovascular, metabolic and neurocognitive comorbidities that appear to be particularly evident in obese patients, while affecting both sexes in a different manner and varying in severity according to gender and age. In recent years, studies on OSA have increased considerably, but in clinical practice, it is still a highly underdiagnosed disease. To date, the gold standard for the diagnosis of OSA is nocturnal polysomnography (PSG). However, since it is not well suited for a large number of patients, the Home Sleep Test (HST) is also an accepted diagnostic method. Currently, the major aim of research is to identify non-invasive methods to achieve a highly predictive, non-invasive screening system for these subjects. The most recent reports indicate that research in this field has made significant progress in identifying possible biomarkers in OSA, using -OMIC approaches, particularly in the fields of proteomics and metabolomics. In this review, we analyse these OMIC biomarkers found in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Conte
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Applied Research in Medicine (DReAM), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.,Laboratory of Advanced Data Analysis for Medicine (ADAM), Department of Mathematics and Physics "E. De Giorgi", University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marco Greco
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Applied Research in Medicine (DReAM), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.,Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Domenico Maurizio Toraldo
- Department Rehabilitation "V. Fazzi" Hospital, Cardio-Respiratory Unit Care, ASL-Lecce, San Cesario di Lecce (LE), Italy
| | | | - Michele Maffia
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Applied Research in Medicine (DReAM), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.,Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Proteomic, "Giovanni Paolo II" Hospital, ASL-Lecce, Italy
| | - Michele De Benedetto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Applied Research in Medicine (DReAM), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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11
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Jain A, Kotimoole CN, Ghoshal S, Bakshi J, Chatterjee A, Prasad TSK, Pal A. Identification of potential salivary biomarker panels for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3365. [PMID: 33564003 PMCID: PMC7873065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide with the maximum number of incidences and deaths reported from India. One of the major causes of poor survival rate associated with OSCC has been attributed to late presentation due to non-availability of a biomarker. Identification of early diagnostic biomarker will help in reducing the disease morbidity and mortality. We validated 12 salivary proteins using targeted proteomics, identified initially by relative quantification of salivary proteins on LC-MS, in OSCC patients and controls. Salivary AHSG (p = 0.0041**) and KRT6C (p = 0.002**) were upregulated in OSCC cases and AZGP1 (p ≤ 0.0001***), KLK1 (p = 0.006**) and BPIFB2 (p = 0.0061**) were downregulated. Regression modelling resulted in a significant risk prediction model (p < 0.0001***) consisting of AZGP1, AHSG and KRT6C for which ROC curve had AUC, sensitivity and specificity of 82.4%, 78% and 73.5% respectively for all OSCC cases and 87.9%, 87.5% and 73.5% respectively for late stage (T3/T4) OSCC. AZGP1, AHSG, KRT6C and BPIFB2 together resulted in ROC curve (p < 0.0001***) with AUC, sensitivity and specificity of 94%, 100% and 77.6% respectively for N0 cases while KRT6C and AZGP1 for N+ cases with ROC curve (p < 0.0001***) having AUC sensitivity and specificity of 76.8%, 73% and 69.4%. Our data aids in the identification of biomarker panels for the diagnosis of OSCC cases with a differential diagnosis between early and late-stage cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Chinmaya Narayana Kotimoole
- Centre for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed To Be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Sushmita Ghoshal
- Department of Radiotherapy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Jaimanti Bakshi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bengaluru, 560066, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Arnab Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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12
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Bencharit S, Redenz RG, Brody ER, Chiang H. Salivary biomarkers associated with obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:223-233. [PMID: 33404265 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1873132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to define and characterize current literature describing salivary biomarker changes with the goal of improving diagnosis and treatment outcomes for sleep apnea.Area Covered: A search of six databases yielded 401 peer-reviewed articles published through October 2019 corresponded to 221 unique references following deduplication. Twenty studies were selected. The sample size ranged from 17 to 99. The samples were mostly whole saliva and selected glandular areas.Expert Opinion: Most targeted studies focused on the level of salivary cortisol and ɑ-amylase. One study used RNA transcriptome analysis of 96 genes. Only two explored novel targets using mass spectrometry. ɑ-amylase, myeloperoxidase, and IL-6 were among those biomarkers found associated with OSA. Cytokeratin, CystatinB, calgranulin A, and alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein are upregulated in OSA patients based on non-targeting mass spectrometry. Salivary cortisol and ɑ-amylase and others appeared to be associated with severity of OSA and OSA treatment. There were inconsistencies in saliva collection and processing protocols. More studies are needed in exploring novel biomarkers to examine if these biomarkers are capable of diagnosing and monitoring OSA through proteomics or transcriptomics. Salivary biomarkers have a potential to be a noninvasive measure for the disease diagnosis and treatment outcome monitoring for sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sompop Bencharit
- Department of General Practice and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Robert G Redenz
- School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Erica R Brody
- VCU Libraries
- Tompkins-McCaw Library for the Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Harmeet Chiang
- Department of General Practice, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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13
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Bahbah EI, Noehammer C, Pulverer W, Jung M, Weinhaeusel A. Salivary biomarkers in cardiovascular disease: An insight into the current evidence. FEBS J 2020; 288:6392-6405. [PMID: 33370493 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of mortality worldwide. In acute cardiovascular conditions, time is a crucial player in the outcomes of disease management. Given the ease and noninvasiveness of obtaining saliva, salivary biomarkers may provide a rapid and efficient diagnosis of CVD. Here, we reviewed the published data on the value of salivary molecules for diagnosis of CVD, especially in acute care settings. In this review, we show that some biomarkers such as salivary creatinine kinase myocardial band, C-reactive protein, troponin-1, and myoglobin exhibited promising diagnostic values that were comparable to their serum counterparts. Other molecules were also investigated and showed controversial results, including myeloperoxidase, brain natriuretic peptide, and some oxidative stress markers. Based on our review, we concluded that the clinical use of salivary biomarkers to diagnose CVD is promising; however, it is still in the early stage of development. Further studies are needed to validate these findings, determine cutoff values for diagnosis, and compare them to other established biomarkers currently in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshak I Bahbah
- AIT Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria.,Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Christa Noehammer
- AIT Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Pulverer
- AIT Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Jung
- AIT Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Weinhaeusel
- AIT Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Zhang YY, Zhao ZD, Kong PY, Gao L, Yu YN, Liu J, Wang PQ, Li B, Zhang XX, Yang LQ, Wang Z. A comparative pharmacogenomic analysis of three classic TCM prescriptions for coronary heart disease based on molecular network modeling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:735-744. [PMID: 32051552 PMCID: PMC7471444 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has evolved over several thousands of years, which has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Three classical TCM prescriptions, namely Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction, Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Decoction, and Gualou Xiebai Banxia Decoction, have been extensively used in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). Based on molecular network modeling, we performed a comparative pharmacogenomic analysis to systematically determine the drug-targeting spectrum of the three prescriptions at molecular level. Wide-area target molecules of CHD were covered, which was a common feature of the three decoctions, demonstrating their therapeutic functions. Meanwhile, collective signaling involved metabolic/pro-metabolic pathways, driving and transferring pathways, neuropsychiatric pathways, and exocrine or endocrine pathways. These organized pharmacological disturbance was mainly focused on almost all stages of CHD intervention, such as anti-atherosclerosis, lipid metabolism, inflammation, vascular wall function, foam cells formation, platelets aggregation, thrombosis, arrhythmia, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, heterogeneity analysis of the global pharmacological molecular spectrum revealed that signaling crosstalk, cascade convergence, and key targets were tendentious among the three decoctions. After all, it is unadvisable to rank the findings on targeting advantages of the three decoctions. Comparative pharmacological evidence may provide an appropriate decoction scheme for individualized intervention of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zi-de Zhao
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100040, China
| | - Peng-Yun Kong
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Ya-Nan Yu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Peng-Qian Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bing Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Zhang
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100040, China
| | - Li-Qiang Yang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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15
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A New Approach for the Diagnosis of Systemic and Oral Diseases Based on Salivary Biomolecules. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:8761860. [PMID: 30906485 PMCID: PMC6398069 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8761860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis represents the target of contemporary medicine and has an important role in the prognosis and further treatment. Saliva is a biofluid that generated a high interest among researchers due to its multiple advantages over other body fluids. The multitude of components that can act as biomarkers influenced the existing technologies to develop protocols that could allow saliva to become the new noninvasive diagnostic method. Saliva as a diagnostic tool can bring substantial addition to the diagnostic armamentarium, providing important information about oral and general health. The diagnostic applications of saliva extended and had a rapid evolution due to the advancement in salivaomics. The present review summarizes the latest researches in saliva-related studies and explores the information and correlations that saliva can offer regarding the systemic and oral diseases, highlighting its great potential of diagnosis. It is expected that in the future specific guidelines and results regarding the salivary diagnostics are to be available, together with high-sensitivity and specificity tests for multiple systemic and oral diseases.
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16
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Tóthová Ľ, Celec P, Mucska I, Hodosy J. Short-term effects of continuous positive airway pressure on oxidative stress in severe sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2019; 23:857-863. [PMID: 30685847 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-018-01777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with oxidative stress that is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and metabolic complications. The concentrations of salivary markers of oxidative stress in patients with OSA increase considerably during the night. The dynamics is not affected by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in mild to moderate OSA. The aim of this study was to analyze the short-term effects of CPAP on salivary oxidative stress markers in patients with severe OSA. METHODS Salivary samples were collected from 24 patients with apnea-hypopnea index higher than 30 during the first (diagnostic) night, who were treated by CPAP during the second (therapeutic) night. RESULTS The salivary markers of oxidative stress (TBARS, AGEs, and AOPP) were higher in the morning after the diagnostic night when compared to the evening concentrations (p < 0.01 for TBARS and p < 0.05 for AGEs and AOPP). Treatment by CPAP significantly decreased the morning concentrations of TBARS, AOPP (p < 0.01 for both), and AGEs (p < 0.05). Also, TBARS and AGEs positively correlated with apnea-hypopnea index (r = 0.48 and 0.49, respectively; p < 0.05). Antioxidant statuss was not affected. CONCLUSION Severe OSA is associated with increased levels of saliva markers for lipid peroxidation, protein oxidative damage, and carbonyl damage. Even short-term CPAP partially prevents oxidative and carbonyl stress during the night and this can be monitored non-invasively using saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ľubomíra Tóthová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 841 01, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 841 01, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Július Hodosy
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 841 01, Bratislava, Slovakia. .,Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia. .,University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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17
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Zhang H, Yang F, Guo Y, Wang L, Fang F, Wu H, Nie S, Wang Y, Fung ML, Huang Y, Deng H, Qin Y, Ma X, Wei Y. The contribution of chronic intermittent hypoxia to OSAHS: From the perspective of serum extracellular microvesicle proteins. Metabolism 2018. [PMID: 29522771 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is an independent risk factor for many clinical complications. However, how OSAHS cause multiple organ injury and initiate inter-organ communication remains unclear. Moreover, despite it is well-recognized that chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a main feature of OSAHS, specific contribution of CIH to overall OSAHS-initiated pathological complications remains unclear. This study aimed to use an unbiased proteomic approach to determine whether OSAHS alters protein profiles of serum extracellular microvesicles (SEMVs) and how CIH contributes to such alterations. METHODS Tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomics assay was used to compare the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in SEMVs of OSAHS patients and non-OSAHS subjects. To evaluate the contribution of CIH to OSAHS, CIH rodent model was constructed and the same comparative proteomics study was performed in SEMVs from CIH and normoxia rats. The similarity and disparity of DEPs and DEPs-related functions predicted by bioinformatics tools were compared in above-mentioned two models, and several DEPs were selected and further verified by ELISA or Western blotting. RESULTS TMT-labeled quantitative proteomics assay unravels 32 DEPs in OSAHS patient SEMVs from a total of 560 human SEMV proteins identified. Four DEPs, namely C-reactive protein (CRP), Haptoglobin (HP),Fibronectin (FN1) and Platelet factor 4 (PF4), were further verified by ELISA and three of them (CRP, FN1 and Hp) showed significant difference in expression level between OSAHS and non-OSAHS groups. In SEMVs of rat CIH model, 121 DEPs out of 723 proteins were identified. By comparing the DEPs identified from the two models, 3 proteins (CRP and FN1 and F13a1) were found identical with the same alteration pattern (CRP was upregulated, FN1 and F13a1 were downregulated) in SEMVs from OSAHS patients and CIH rats, which were further verified by Western blotting. Computational functional analysis further revealed the common and distinct DEP-involved pathways under OSAHS or CIH status. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence that OSAHS causes significant alteration in SEMV protein composition, which may contribute to OSAHS-triggered multiple organ injury and organ-to-organ communication. Moreover, we have demonstrated that CIH is the primary contributor for increased inflammatory protein expression in SEMV. As CRP is being increasingly recognized not only as a marker but also a mediator of inflammatory response to tissue injury, increased SEMV CRP in CIH/OSAHS may play an important role in OSAHS-induced tissue injury, suggesting SEMV CRP might be a therapeutic target against OSAHS-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huina Zhang
- Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yichen Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Sleep Medical Center, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Sleep Medical Center, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- Department of Emergency, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Lung Fung
- Department of Physiology, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwen Qin
- Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Yongxiang Wei
- Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.
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18
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Gohel V, Jones JA, Wehler CJ. Salivary biomarkers and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 56:1432-1442. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the literature examining associations between salivary biomarkers and cardiovascular disease (CVD) status.
Contents:
An advanced search was conducted using MeSH terms related to salivary biomarkers and CVD, and entered into the PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar search databases. Four hundred and thirty-three records were narrowed to 22 accepted articles. Included titles were assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, and ranked into categories of low, moderate, or high.
Summary:
A total of 40 salivary biomarkers were analyzed among accepted articles. The most studied markers were salivary creatine kinase isoform MB, C-reactive protein (CRP), matrix metalloproteinase-9, troponin I, myeloperoxidase, myoglobin, and brain natriuretic peptide. Salivary CRP provided the most consistent trends. Statistically significant increases of salivary CRP were present with CVD in every study that analyzed it. The remaining six markers demonstrated varying patterns.
Outlook:
Existing studies provide insufficient data to draw definitive conclusions. Current research shows that there is an association between some salivary biomarkers and CVD, but the details of existing studies are conflicting. Despite inconclusive results, the diagnostic potential of saliva shows promise as a non-invasive means of cardiovascular risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Gohel
- Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine , 100 East Newton Street , Boston, MA 02118-2308 , USA
| | - Judith A. Jones
- Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine , Boston, MA , USA
- University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry , Detroit, MI , USA
| | - Carolyn J. Wehler
- Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine , Boston, MA , USA
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19
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Han Q, Li G, Ip MS, Zhang Y, Zhen Z, Mak JC, Zhang N. Haemin attenuates intermittent hypoxia-induced cardiac injury via inhibiting mitochondrial fission. J Cell Mol Med 2018. [PMID: 29512942 PMCID: PMC5908095 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH) is closely associated with cardiovascular diseases. IH confers cardiac injury via accelerating cardiomyocyte apoptosis, whereas the underlying mechanism has remained largely enigmatic. This study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms involved in the IH‐induced cardiac damage performed with the IH‐exposed cell and animal models and to investigate the protective effects of haemin, a potent haeme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) activator, on the cardiac injury induced by IH. Neonatal rat cardiomyocyte (NRC) was treated with or without haemin before IH exposure. Eighteen male Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into three groups: control group, IH group (PBS, ip) and IH + haemin group (haemin, 4 mg/kg, ip). The cardiac function was determined by echocardiography. Mitochondrial fission was evaluated by Mitotracker staining. The mitochondrial dynamics‐related proteins (mitochondrial fusion protein, Mfn2; mitochondrial fission protein, Drp1) were determined by Western blot. The apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and heart sections was examined by TUNEL. IH regulated mitochondrial dynamics‐related proteins (decreased Mfn2 and increased Drp1 expressions, respectively), thereby leading to mitochondrial fragmentation and cell apoptosis in cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo, while haemin‐induced HO‐1 up‐regulation attenuated IH‐induced mitochondrial fragmentation and cell apoptosis. Moreover, IH resulted in left ventricular hypertrophy and impaired contractile function in vivo, while haemin ameliorated IH‐induced cardiac dysfunction. This study demonstrates that pharmacological activation of HO‐1 pathway protects against IH‐induced cardiac dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis through the inhibition of mitochondrial fission and cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Han
- State Key Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihua Li
- State Key Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mary SiuMan Ip
- Li Kashing Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Li Kashing Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhe Zhen
- Li Kashing Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Judith ChoiWo Mak
- Li Kashing Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nuofu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Saliva as a source of new phosphopeptide biomarkers: Development of a comprehensive analytical method based on shotgun peptidomics. Talanta 2018; 183:245-249. [PMID: 29567172 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The paper describes the development of an enrichment method for the analysis of the endogenous phosphopeptides in saliva. The method was based on magnetic solid phase extraction by a magnetic graphitized carbon black-TiO2 composite material and was developed considering different saliva pre-treatments, namely C18 solid phase extraction for purification, direct dilution in loading buffer or acetonitrile precipitation. The method was based on a shotgun proteomics workflow and the enriched peptide mixture was analysed by nanoHPLC and high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Acetonitrile precipitation provided the best results, with up to 165 endogenous phosphopeptides identified in saliva samples from healthy individuals. The physico-chemical features of the identified endogenous phosphopeptides indicated that such peptides were large, hydrophilic and basic.
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Gutiérrez-Corrales A, Campano-Cuevas E, Castillo-Dalí G, Torres-Lagares D, Gutiérrez-Pérez JL. Ability of salivary biomarkers in the prognostic of systemic and buccal inflammation. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e716-e722. [PMID: 28512552 PMCID: PMC5429487 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a growing interest in using saliva as an alternative sample for the diagnosis, prediction and progression of several diseases. It has been established that some molecules found in saliva are related to oral inflammatory processes and systemic health status. Furthermore, it is known that saliva is crucial for the carrying out of different functions in the oral cavity and its role in the local modulation of inflammatory and immune response is being thoroughly studied by the health research community. The aim of this review is to analyze the most important biomarkers which have been utilized in biomedicine during the last two decades in order to establish a correlation between certain specific salivary biomarkers and systemic inflammation. Then, we discuss the utility of total proteins, immunoglobulin A and alpha-amylase as biomarkers for the prognostic of local inflammation after oral surgery.
Key words:Inflammation, salivary biomarkers, systemic disease, buccal surgery, total proteins, inmunoglobulin A, Alpha-amylase.
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Xingqun C, Xuedong Z, Xin X. [Application of saliva in disease diagnosis]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2016; 34:647-653. [PMID: 28318170 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Saliva is secreted by salivary glands and performs a variety of functions, including mouth cleaning and protection, antibacterial activity, and digestion. With the rapid progress in salivaomics, saliva became recognized as a potential pool of biological markers. Being a non-invasive and safe source, saliva is a potential substitute for blood in diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. This review summarizes the latest advancement in saliva-related studies and presents the potential value of saliva in early diagnosis of oral diseases, such as dental caries, periodontal disease, cancer, diabetes, and other systemic disorders. Saliva biomarkers can reveal changes ranging from changes in biochemical index, DNA, RNA, and proteins to the diversification of microbiota structure. By integrating recent data, this paper discusses the clinical significance and application prospect of saliva in early diagnosis of diseases and in translational and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xingqun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhou Xuedong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xu Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Gingival Crevicular Fluid as a Novel Potential Source of Biomarkers Distinguishes Pubertal from Post-Pubertal Subjects. Diagnostics (Basel) 2016; 6:diagnostics6040041. [PMID: 27869666 PMCID: PMC5192516 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics6040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of pubertal growth peak is vital in orthodontic treatment timing and planning. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) contains abundant proteins from different sources and has been proven to be an ideal source of biomarkers. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) is an advanced technique that can detect low-molecular-weight peptides with high sensitivity and resolution. The aim of this research was to identify novel candidate biomarkers in GCF to help the diagnosis of pubertal growth peak by MALDI-TOF/MS. Results showed that the peak intensities of six peptides were significantly different between two groups: 1660.2 Da, 1783.0 Da, 2912.5 Da, 4178.6 Da, 5064.9 Da, and 6108.9 Da and are considered to be potential candidate biomarkers to identify pubertal growth peak. Further studies are needed to identify sequence information of these candidate biomarkers.
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Abstract
Saliva is secreted from the salivary glands and has multiple functions, including mouth cleaning and protection, antibacterial effects and digestion. With the rapid advancement in salivaomics, saliva is well recognized as a pool of biological markers. Saliva, as a non-invasive and safe source, could be a substitute for blood in the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. This review summarizes the latest advancements in saliva-related studies and addresses the potential value of saliva in the early diagnosis of oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal disease, as well as cancer, diabetes and other systemic disorders. Saliva biomarkers range from changes in the biochemical indices of DNA, RNA and proteins to the diversification of microbiota structures. This study integrates data reported in the recent literature and discusses the clinical significance and prospects for the application of saliva in the early diagnosis of diseases, translational medicine and precision medicine.
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Metabolomics Profiling for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Simple Snorers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30958. [PMID: 27480913 PMCID: PMC4969608 DOI: 10.1038/srep30958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Few clinical studies have explored altered urinary metabolite levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Thus, we applied a metabolomics approach to analyze urinary metabolites in three groups of participants: patients with polysomnography (PSG)-confirmed OSA, simple snorers (SS), and normal subjects. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used. A total of 21 and 31 metabolites were differentially expressed in the SS and OSA groups, respectively. Patients with OSA had 18 metabolites different from those with SS. Of the 56 metabolites detected among the 3 groups, 24 were consistently higher or lower. A receiver operator curve analysis revealed that the combination of 4-hydroxypentenoic acid, arabinose, glycochenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate, isoleucine, serine, and xanthine produced a moderate diagnostic score with a sensitivity (specificity) of 75% (78%) for distinguishing OSA from those without OSA. The combination of 4-hydroxypentenoic acid, 5-dihydrotestosterone sulfate, serine, spermine, and xanthine distinguished OSA from SS with a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 80%. Multiple metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with SS and OSA were identified using the metabolomics approach, and the altered metabolite signatures could potentially serve as an alternative diagnostic method to PSG.
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Xu H, Zheng X, Jia W, Yin S. Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry-Based Biomarkers in the Field of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1541. [PMID: 26448002 PMCID: PMC4616745 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarker assessment is based on quantifying several proteins and metabolites. Recent developments in proteomics and metabolomics have enabled detection of these small molecules in biological samples and exploration of the underlying disease mechanisms in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This systemic review was performed to identify biomarkers, which were only detected by chromatography and/or mass spectrometry (MS) and to discuss the role of these biomarkers in the field of OSA. We systemically reviewed relevant articles from PubMed and EMBASE referring to proteins and metabolite profiles of biological samples in patients with OSA. The analytical platforms in this review were focused on chromatography and/or MS. In total, 30 studies evaluating biomarkers in patients with OSA using chromatography and/or MS methods were included. Numerous proteins and metabolites, including lipid profiles, adrenergic/dopaminergic biomarkers and derivatives, amino acids, oxidative stress biomarkers, and other micromolecules were identified in patients with OSA. Applying chromatography and/or MS methods to detect biomarkers helps develop an understanding of OSA mechanisms. More proteomic and metabolomic studies are warranted to develop potential diagnostic and clinical monitoring methods for OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Xu
- From the Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (HX, XZ, SY); and Center for Translational Medicine, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China (HX, XZ, WJ)
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Kubo H, Shibato J, Saito T, Ogawa T, Rakwal R, Shioda S. Unraveling the Rat Intestine, Spleen and Liver Genome-Wide Transcriptome after the Oral Administration of Lavender Oil by a Two-Color Dye-Swap DNA Microarray Approach. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129951. [PMID: 26161641 PMCID: PMC4498626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of lavender oil (LO)--a commonly, used oil in aromatherapy, with well-defined volatile components linalool and linalyl acetate--in non-traditional medicine is increasing globally. To understand and demonstrate the potential positive effects of LO on the body, we have established an animal model in this current study, investigating the orally administered LO effects genome wide in the rat small intestine, spleen, and liver. The rats were administered LO at 5 mg/kg (usual therapeutic dose in humans) followed by the screening of differentially expressed genes in the tissues, using a 4×44-K whole-genome rat chip (Agilent microarray platform; Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA, USA) in conjunction with a dye-swap approach, a novelty of this study. Fourteen days after LO treatment and compared with a control group (sham), a total of 156 and 154 up (≧ 1.5-fold)- and down (≦ 0.75-fold)-regulated genes, 174 and 66 up- (≧ 1.5-fold)- and down (≦ 0.75-fold)-regulated genes, and 222 and 322 up- (≧ 1.5-fold)- and down (≦ 0.75-fold)-regulated genes showed differential expression at the mRNA level in the small intestine, spleen and liver, respectively. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) validation of highly up- and down-regulated genes confirmed the regulation of the Papd4, Lrp1b, Alb, Cyr61, Cyp2c, and Cxcl1 genes by LO as examples in these tissues. Using bioinformatics, including Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), differentially expressed genes were functionally categorized by their Gene Ontology (GO) and biological function and network analysis, revealing their diverse functions and potential roles in LO-mediated effects in rat. Further IPA analysis in particular unraveled the presence of novel genes, such as Papd4, Or8k5, Gprc5b, Taar5, Trpc6, Pld2 and Onecut3 (up-regulated top molecules) and Tnf, Slc45a4, Slc25a23 and Samt4 (down-regulated top molecules), to be influenced by LO treatment in the small intestine, spleen and liver, respectively. These results are the first such inventory of genes that are affected by lavender essential oil (LO) in an animal model, forming the basis for further in-depth bioinformatics and functional analyses and investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Kubo
- Department of Anatomy I, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Oriental Aromatherapy College, Katsushika, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Shibato
- Department of Anatomy I, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Research Center for Innovative Life Science, Peptide Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomomi Saito
- Department of Anatomy I, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ogawa
- Department of Anatomy I, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Department of Anatomy I, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Research Center for Innovative Life Science, Peptide Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences & Tsukuba International Academy for Sport Studies (TIAS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiji Shioda
- Department of Anatomy I, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Research Center for Innovative Life Science, Peptide Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
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Majem B, Rigau M, Reventós J, Wong DT. Non-coding RNAs in saliva: emerging biomarkers for molecular diagnostics. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:8676-98. [PMID: 25898412 PMCID: PMC4425103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16048676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a complex body fluid that comprises secretions from the major and minor salivary glands, which are extensively supplied by blood. Therefore, molecules such as proteins, DNA, RNA, etc., present in plasma could be also present in saliva. Many studies have reported that saliva body fluid can be useful for discriminating several oral diseases, but also systemic diseases including cancer. Most of these studies revealed messenger RNA (mRNA) and proteomic biomarker signatures rather than specific non-coding RNA (ncRNA) profiles. NcRNAs are emerging as new regulators of diverse biological functions, playing an important role in oncogenesis and tumor progression. Indeed, the small size of these molecules makes them very stable in different body fluids and not as susceptible as mRNAs to degradation by ribonucleases (RNases). Therefore, the development of a non-invasive salivary test, based on ncRNAs profiles, could have a significant applicability to clinical practice, not only by reducing the cost of the health system, but also by benefitting the patient. Here, we summarize the current status and clinical implications of the ncRNAs present in human saliva as a source of biological information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Majem
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Lab 209, Collserola Building, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) and University Hospital, Pg. Vall Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marina Rigau
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Lab 209, Collserola Building, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) and University Hospital, Pg. Vall Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jaume Reventós
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Lab 209, Collserola Building, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) and University Hospital, Pg. Vall Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
- IDIBELL-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute & Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - David T Wong
- Center for Oral/Head & Neck Oncology Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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