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Xue B, Tamaru Y, Fu Y, Yuan H, Lan P, Mücke OD, Suda A, Midorikawa K, Takahashi EJ. Fully stabilized multi-TW optical waveform synthesizer: Toward gigawatt isolated attosecond pulses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay2802. [PMID: 32494595 PMCID: PMC7164932 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay2802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A stable 50-mJ three-channel optical waveform synthesizer is demonstrated and used to reproducibly generate a high-order harmonic supercontinuum in the soft x-ray region. This synthesizer is composed of pump pulses from a 10-Hz repetition-rate Ti:sapphire pump laser and signal and idler pulses from an infrared two-stage optical parametric amplifier driven by this pump laser. With full active stabilization of all relative time delays, relative phases, and the carrier-envelope phase, a shot-to-shot stable intense continuum harmonic spectrum is obtained around 60 eV with pulse energy above 0.24 μJ. The peak power of the soft x-ray continuum is evaluated to be beyond 1 GW with a 170-as transform limit duration. We found a characteristic delay dependence of the multicycle waveform synthesizer and established its control scheme. Compared with the one-color case, we experimentally observe an enhancement of the cutoff spectrum intensity by one to two orders of magnitude using three-color waveform synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xue
- Attosecond Science Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan
| | - Yuuki Tamaru
- Attosecond Science Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuxi Fu
- Attosecond Science Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan
| | - Hua Yuan
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory of Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Pengfei Lan
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory of Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Oliver D. Mücke
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Akira Suda
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Katsumi Midorikawa
- Attosecond Science Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan
| | - Eiji J. Takahashi
- Attosecond Science Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan
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Alismail A, Wang H, Barbiero G, Altwaijry N, Hussain SA, Pervak V, Schweinberger W, Azzeer AM, Krausz F, Fattahi H. Multi-octave, CEP-stable source for high-energy field synthesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax3408. [PMID: 32110723 PMCID: PMC7021495 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax3408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-energy, high-power, multi-octave light transients is currently the subject of intense research driven by emerging applications in attosecond spectroscopy and coherent control. We report on a phase-stable, multi-octave source based on a Yb:YAG amplifier for light transient generation. We demonstrate the amplification of a two-octave spectrum to 25 μJ of energy in two broadband amplification channels and their temporal compression to 6 and 18 fs at 1 and 2 μm, respectively. In this scheme, due to the intrinsic temporal synchronization between the pump and seed pulses, the temporal jitter is restricted to long-term drift. We show that the intrinsic stability of the synthesizer allows subcycle detection of an electric field at 0.15 PHz. The complex electric field of the 0.15-PHz pulses and their free induction decay after interaction with water molecules are resolved by electro-optic sampling over 2 ps. The scheme is scalable in peak and average power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Alismail
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Faculty of Physics, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haochuan Wang
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Faculty of Physics, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gaia Barbiero
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Faculty of Physics, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Najd Altwaijry
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Faculty of Physics, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Syed Ali Hussain
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Faculty of Physics, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Pervak
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Faculty of Physics, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schweinberger
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Faculty of Physics, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Abdallah M. Azzeer
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ferenc Krausz
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Faculty of Physics, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Hanieh Fattahi
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Faculty of Physics, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Li X, Fan J, Ma J, Wang G, Jin C. Application of optimized waveforms for enhancing high-harmonic yields in a three-color laser-field synthesizer. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:841-854. [PMID: 30696164 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We apply the optimization method suggested by Jin et al. [Nat. Commun.5, 4003 (2014)24873949] to a three-color laser-field synthesizer in a recent experiment by Burger et al. [Opt. Express25(25), 31130 (2017)29245790] for efficient high-order harmonic generation (HHG). With the experimental laser parameters being precisely tuned according to those returned by the genetic optimization, the three-color waveform composed by a 790-nm laser with its second and third harmonic fields, can enhance the macroscopic HHG yields by one to two orders with only 80% pulse energy compared to the fundamental single-color field. We check that this enhancement can be realized for He or Ne gas at both low and high gas pressures. The optimized waveform enables the short-trajectory emissions dominant to facilitate the buildup of the harmonic field, which is revealed by analyzing the behaviors of electron trajectories and the time-frequency pictures of the single-atom and macroscopic HHG. We also optimize the two-color waveform consisting of the fundamental laser and its third harmonic field for the flexible choice in the experiment. This study provides with a practical route to implement the optimization technique in the experiment for the high-flux harmonic generation from the extreme ultraviolet to the X-rays.
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Artificial Neural Network Trained to Predict High-Harmonic Flux. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8112106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work we present the results obtained with an artificial neural network (ANN) which we trained to predict the expected output of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) process, while exploring a multi-dimensional parameter space. We argue on the utility and efficiency of the ANN model and demonstrate its ability to predict the outcome of HHG simulations. In this case study we present the results for a loose focusing HHG beamline, where the changing parameters are: the laser pulse energy, gas pressure, gas cell position relative to focus and medium length. The physical quantity which we predict here using ANN is directly related to the total harmonic yield in a specified spectral domain (20–40 eV). We discuss the versatility and adaptability of the presented method.
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Kroh T, Jin C, Krogen P, Keathley PD, Calendron AL, Siqueira JP, Liang H, Falcão-Filho EL, Lin CD, Kärtner FX, Hong KH. Enhanced high-harmonic generation up to the soft X-ray region driven by mid-infrared pulses mixed with their third harmonic. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:16955-16969. [PMID: 30119513 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.016955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We systematically study the efficiency enhancement of high-harmonic generation (HHG) in an Ar gas cell up to the soft X-ray (SXR) range using a two-color laser field composed of 2.1 μm (ω) and 700 nm (3ω) with parallel linear polarization. Our experiment follows the recent theoretical investigations that determined two-color mid-infrared (IR) pulses, mixed with their third harmonic (ω + 3ω), to be close to optimal driving waveforms for enhancing HHG efficiency in the SXR region [Jin et al., Nature Comm. 5, 4003 (2014)]. We observed sub-optical-cycle-dependent efficiency enhancements of up to 8.2 of photon flux integrated between 20 - 70 eV, and up to 2.2 between 85 - 205 eV. Enhancement of HHG efficiency was most pronounced for the lowest tested backing pressure (≈ 140 mbar), and decreased monotonically as the pressure was increased. The single-color (ω)-driven HHG was optimal at the highest backing pressure tested in the experiment (≈ 375 mbar). Our numerical simulations based on single-atom response and 3D pulse propagation show good qualitative agreement with experimental observations. The lower enhancement at high pressure and higher photon energy indicates that phase matching of two-color-driven HHG is more sensitive to ionization rate and pulse propagation effects than the single-color case. We show that with further improvements to the relative phase jitter and the spatio-temporal overlap of the two beams, the efficiency enhancement could be further improved by at least a factor of ≈ 2.
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Theoretical Study: High Harmonic Generation by Light Transients. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8050728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jin C, Hong KH, Lin CD. Optimal generation of spatially coherent soft X-ray isolated attosecond pulses in a gas-filled waveguide using two-color synthesized laser pulses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38165. [PMID: 27929036 PMCID: PMC5144061 DOI: 10.1038/srep38165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We numerically demonstrate the generation of intense, low-divergence soft X-ray isolated attosecond pulses in a gas-filled hollow waveguide using synthesized few-cycle two-color laser waveforms. The waveform is a superposition of a fundamental and its second harmonic optimized such that highest harmonic yields are emitted from each atom. We then optimize the gas pressure and the length and radius of the waveguide such that bright coherent high-order harmonics with angular divergence smaller than 1 mrad are generated, for photon energy from the extreme ultraviolet to soft X-rays. By selecting a proper spectral range enhanced isolated attosecond pulses are generated. We study how dynamic phase matching caused by the interplay among waveguide mode, neutral atomic dispersion, and plasma effect is achieved at the optimal macroscopic conditions, by performing time-frequency analysis and by analyzing the evolution of the driving laser's electric field during the propagation. Our results, when combined with the on-going push of high-repetition-rate lasers (sub- to few MHz's) may eventually lead to the generation of high-flux, low-divergence soft X-ray tabletop isolated attosecond pulses for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jin
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, P. R. China
| | - Kyung-Han Hong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C. D. Lin
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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Çankaya H, Calendron AL, Zhou C, Chia SH, Mücke OD, Cirmi G, Kärtner FX. 40-µJ passively CEP-stable seed source for ytterbium-based high-energy optical waveform synthesizers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:25169-25180. [PMID: 27828455 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.025169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate experimentally for the first time a ~40-µJ two-octave-wide passively carrier-envelope phase (CEP)-stable parametric front-end for seeding an ytterbium (Yb)-pump-based, few-optical-cycle, high-energy optical parametric waveform synthesizer. The system includes a CEP-stable white-light continuum and two-channel optical parametric chirped pulse amplifiers (OPCPAs) in the near- and mid-infrared spectral regions spanning altogether a two-octave-wide spectrum driven by a regenerative amplifier. The output pulses are compressed and fully characterized to demonstrate the well-behaved spectral phase of this seed source.
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Murari K, Cankaya H, Kroetz P, Cirmi G, Li P, Ruehl A, Hartl I, Kärtner FX. Intracavity gain shaping in millijoule-level, high gain Ho:YLF regenerative amplifiers. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:1114-1117. [PMID: 26977647 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.001114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate intracavity gain shaping inside a 2 μm Ho:YLF regenerative amplifier with a spectral bandwidth of 2.9 nm broadened to 5.4 nm, corresponding to Fourier-limited pulses of 1 ps duration. The intracavity gain shaping is achieved by using a simple etalon, which acts as a frequency-selective filter. The output of the regenerative amplifier is amplified by a single-pass amplifier, and we achieve total energy of 2.2 mJ and pulse duration of 2.4 ps at 1 kHz with pulse fluctuations <1%. The amplifier chain is seeded by a home-built mode-locked holmium-doped fiber oscillator.
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Jin C, Hong KH, Lin CD. Optimal generation of high harmonics in the water-window region by synthesizing 800-nm and mid-infrared laser pulses. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:3754-3757. [PMID: 26274652 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.003754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method to optimally synthesize a strong 800-nm Ti:sapphire laser pulse and a relatively weak mid-infrared laser pulse to enhance harmonic yields in the water-window region. The required wavelength of the mid-infrared laser is varied from about 2.0 to 3.2 μm. The optimized waveforms generate comparable harmonic yields as the waveforms proposed in [Sci. Rep.4, 7067 (2014)], but with much weaker intensity for the mid-infrared laser. This method provides an alternative scheme based on the available laser technology to help realize tabletop light source in the water-window region by high-order harmonic generation.
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Jin C, Stein GJ, Hong KH, Lin CD. Generation of Bright, Spatially Coherent Soft X-Ray High Harmonics in a Hollow Waveguide Using Two-Color Synthesized Laser Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:043901. [PMID: 26252685 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.043901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the efficient generation of low-divergence high-order harmonics driven by waveform-optimized laser pulses in a gas-filled hollow waveguide. The drive waveform is obtained by synthesizing two-color laser pulses, optimized such that highest harmonic yields are emitted from each atom. Optimization of the gas pressure and waveguide configuration has enabled us to produce bright and spatially coherent harmonics extending from the extreme ultraviolet to soft x rays. Our study on the interplay among waveguide mode, atomic dispersion, and plasma effect uncovers how dynamic phase matching is accomplished and how an optimized waveform is maintained when optimal waveguide parameters (radius and length) and gas pressure are identified. Our analysis should help laboratory development in the generation of high-flux bright coherent soft x rays as tabletop light sources for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jin
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Gregory J Stein
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Kyung-Han Hong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C D Lin
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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Enhanced multi-colour gating for the generation of high-power isolated attosecond pulses. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10084. [PMID: 25997917 PMCID: PMC4441196 DOI: 10.1038/srep10084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated attosecond pulses (IAP) generated by high-order harmonic generation are valuable tools that enable dynamics to be studied on the attosecond time scale. The applicability of these IAP would be widened drastically by increasing their energy. Here we analyze the potential of using multi-colour driving pulses for temporally gating the attosecond pulse generation process. We devise how this approach can enable the generation of IAP with the available high-energy kHz-repetition-rate Ytterbium-based laser amplifiers (delivering 180-fs, 1030-nm pulses). We show theoretically that this requires a three-colour field composed of the fundamental and its second harmonic as well as a lower-frequency auxiliary component. We present pulse characterization measurements of such auxiliary pulses generated directly by white-light seeded OPA with the required significantly shorter pulse duration than that of the fundamental. This, combined with our recent experimental results on three-colour waveform synthesis, proves that the theoretically considered multi-colour drivers for IAP generation can be realized with existing high-power laser technology. The high-energy driver pulses, combined with the strongly enhanced single-atom-level conversion efficiency we observe in our calculations, thus make multi-colour drivers prime candidates for the development of unprecedented high-energy IAP sources in the near future.
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