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Ohto-Fujita E, Shimizu M, Atomi A, Hiruta H, Hosoda R, Horinouchi S, Miyazaki S, Murakami T, Asano Y, Hasebe Y, Atomi Y. Eggshell membrane and its major component lysozyme and ovotransferrin enhance the secretion of decorin as an endogenous antifibrotic mediator from lung fibroblasts and ameliorate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 39:101806. [PMID: 39234595 PMCID: PMC11372621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a high-risk factor for obstructive and fibrotic lung diseases. Fibrotic lung disease leading to decreased lung function is characterized by interstitial remodeling and tissue scarring (sclerosis), with destruction of alveoli and excess deposition of type I collagen, an extracellular matrix component secreted by fibroblasts. Therefore, regulating transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) as a profibrotic signal is essential to suppress pulmonary fibrosis. In pulmonary fibrosis, TGF-β signaling is mediated by Smad and YAP/TAZ, and TAZ linked to the pathology of pulmonary function is observed in lung fibroblasts from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Although fibrosis is thought to be irreversible, it is an interventional condition. Decorin (DCN) blocks TGF-β signaling in pulmonary fibrosis, although there are no cellular pharmacological methods to stimulate DCN secretion. We previously showed that chicken eggshell membrane (ESM, a well-known wound-healing material) promotes dcn gene expression in fibroblasts. In this study, we investigated whether ESM stimulates DCN secretion as an endogenous mediator and ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis. Decorin secretion was significantly enhanced in the WI-38 lung fibroblast culture supernatants supplemented with ESM. This effect was increased with major component lysozyme and maximally promoted in experiments with lysozyme and ovotransferrin (the two main proteins in soluble ESM) at a 16:1 concentration ratio, the ratio in the ESM extract. Decorin secretion by ESM modulates TGF-β signaling in lung fibroblasts by reducing TAZ and pSmad2 nuclear localization. Decorin siRNA experiments confirmed that nuclear localization of TAZ is DCN-dependent. In a mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, all fibrotic markers of ESM treatment group such as hydroxyproline (a collagen deposition marker), and both evaluation of fibrosis density by automated thresholding of picrosirius red-stained lung tissue scan images and Ashcroft fibrosis scores, and also the nuclear localization of TAZ were reduced after 2 weeks compared with control group. Furthermore, long-term (22 week) ESM consumption by healthy individuals significantly improved vital capacity and the forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC). This study reveals that ESM, a well-established wound-healing material, may be a potential preventive medicine for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Ohto-Fujita
- Material Health Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Miho Shimizu
- Material Health Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Aya Atomi
- Material Health Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hiruta
- Material Health Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ryota Hosoda
- Material Health Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Shinya Horinouchi
- Material Health Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Shinya Miyazaki
- Cooperative Dep. Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Murakami
- Cooperative Dep. Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Asano
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | | | - Yoriko Atomi
- Material Health Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
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Jia H, Lyu W, Hirota K, Saito E, Miyoshi M, Hohjoh H, Furukawa K, Saito K, Haritani M, Taguchi A, Hasebe Y, Kato H. Eggshell membrane modulates gut microbiota to prevent murine pre-cachexia through suppression of T helper cell differentiation. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2088-2101. [PMID: 35718758 PMCID: PMC9397561 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia is a life-threatening condition observed in several pathologies, such as cancer or chronic diseases. Interleukin 10 (Il10) gene transfer is known to improve cachexia by downregulating Il6. Here, we used an IL10-knockout mouse model to simulate cachexia and investigate the effects of eggshell membrane (ESM), a resistant protein, on general pre-cachexia symptoms, which is particularly important for the development of cachexia therapeutics. METHODS Five-week-old male C57BL6/J mice were fed an AIN-93G powdered diet (WT), and 5-week-old male B6.129P2-Il10 < tm1Cgn>/J (IL10-/- ) mice were fed either the AIN-93G diet (KO) or an 8% ESM-containing diet (KOE) for 28 weeks. The tissue weight and levels of anaemia-, blood glucose-, lipid metabolism-, and muscular and colonic inflammation-related biochemical markers were measured. Transcriptomic analysis on liver and colon mucus and proteomic analysis on skeletal muscle were performed. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to identify molecular pathways and networks. Caecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were identified using HPLC, and caecal bacteria DNA were subjected to metagenomic analysis. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to measure the CD4+ IL17+ T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes. RESULTS The body weight, weight of gastrocnemius muscle and fat tissues, colon weight/length ratio, plasma HDL and NEFA, muscular PECAM-1 levels (P < 0.01), plasma glucose and colonic mucosal myeloperoxidase activity (P < 0.05) and T helper (Th) 17 cell abundance (P = 0.071) were improved in KOE mice over KO mice. Proteomic analysis indicated the protective role of ESM in muscle weakness and maintenance of muscle formation (>1.5-fold). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that ESM supplementation suppressed the LPS/IL1-mediated inhibition of RXR function pathway in the liver and downregulated the colonic mucosal expression of chemokines and Th cell differentiation-related markers (P < 0.01) by suppressing the upstream BATF pathway. Analysis of the intestinal microenvironment revealed that ESM supplementation ameliorated the microbial alpha diversity and the abundance of microbiota associated with the degree of inflammation (P < 0.05) and increased the level of total organic acids, particularly of SCFAs such as butyrate (2.3-fold), which could inhibit Th1 and Th17 production. CONCLUSIONS ESM supplementation ameliorated the chief symptoms of cachexia, including anorexia, lean fat tissue mass, skeletal muscle wasting and reduced physical function. ESM also improved colon and skeletal muscle inflammation, lipid metabolism and microbial dysbiosis. These results along with the suppressed differentiation of Th cells could be associated with the beneficial intestinal microenvironment and, subsequently, attenuation of pre-cachexia. Our findings provide insights into the potential of ESM in complementary interventions for pre-cachexia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Jia
- Health Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Weida Lyu
- Health Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuki Hirota
- Health Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Eri Saito
- Health Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Moe Miyoshi
- Health Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | | | - Kyohei Furukawa
- Health Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kenji Saito
- Health Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Makoto Haritani
- Environmental Science for Sustainable Development Graduate School of Agriculture and Life SciencesUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Akashi Taguchi
- Research Center for Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | | | - Hisanori Kato
- Health Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
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Yang Y, Jia H, Lyu W, Furukawa K, Li X, Hasebe Y, Kato H. Dietary Eggshell Membrane Powder Improves Survival Rate and Ameliorates Gut Dysbiosis in Interleukin-10 Knockout Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:895665. [PMID: 35662934 PMCID: PMC9162118 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.895665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is known to be associated with compositional and metabolic changes in the gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dietary eggshell membrane (ESM) improves survival rate or ameliorates gut dysbiosis in a spontaneous IBD model of interleukin-10 knockout (IL10−/−) mice. Female C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and IL10−/− mice (KO) were fed an AIN-93G basal diet or an ESM diet (KOE) for 19 weeks. Gut microbiota profiles were analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing, and short-chain fatty acids in cecal content were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography. The results demonstrated that ESM supplementation significantly improved the survival rate and body composition in KO mice. Alpha diversity analysis of the microbiota revealed that ESM supplementation significantly increased gut microbial diversity, which was decreased in IL10−/− mice. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was recovered to a normal level by ESM supplementation, suggesting that ESM helps maintain the compositional balance of the gut microbiota. ESM increased relative abundance of commensal bacterial Ruminococcus and Bacteroidales S24-7 and reduced the abundance of the proinflammatory-related bacterium, Enterobacteriaceae. Additionally, ESM supplementation promoted the production of butyrate in cecal contents and downregulated the expression of proinflammatory genes, including interleukin-1β (Il-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnf-α) in IL10−/− mice colon, indicating anti-inflammatory functions. These findings suggest that ESM may be used as a beneficial dietary intervention for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshou Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Health Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Huijuan Jia
- Health Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Huijuan Jia
| | - Weida Lyu
- Health Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyohei Furukawa
- Health Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xuguang Li
- Health Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hisanori Kato
- Health Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Hisanori Kato
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El-Tantawy WH, Temraz A. Anti-fibrotic activity of natural products, herbal extracts and nutritional components for prevention of liver fibrosis: review. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:382-393. [PMID: 31711319 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1684952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a grave problem worldwide, and the development of this condition is the first step towards cirrhosis. In fact, when lesions of different aetiologies chronically affect the liver, it triggers fibrogenesis, the resulting damage and the progression of fibrosis cause serious clinical influences including severe complications, expensive treatments, and death in end-stage liver disease. Although impressive progress has been reported in understanding the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, no effective agent has been developed to prevent or reverse the fibrotic process directly. This article reviews natural products, herbal medicines and nutritional components that exhibited an anti-fibrotic activity through different mechanisms of action, including suppressing of cytokine production, inhibition of hepatic stellate cells "HSCs" propagation, modulation of the molecular mechanisms leading to hepatic fibrosis, free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abeer Temraz
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy For Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Moriya K, Nishimura N, Namisaki T, Takaya H, Sawada Y, Kawaratani H, Kaji K, Shimozato N, Sato S, Furukawa M, Douhara A, Akahane T, Mitoro A, Yamao J, Yoshiji H. Zinc Administration and Improved Serum Markers of Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2465. [PMID: 34199421 PMCID: PMC8199625 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of long-term zinc supplementation, which is important for the activation of various enzymes that contribute to antioxidant and antifibrotic activities, on the improvement of serum fibrotic markers in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). METHODS A total of 38 patients with AIH under regular treatment at our hospital who provided their consent for being treated with polaprezinc (75 mg twice daily) were included and classified into 2 groups: the patients with zinc elevation (n = 27) and the patients without zinc elevation (n = 11). Serum biomarker of fibrosis, protein expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and their inhibitors (TIMPs) were evaluated. RESULTS A significant difference was found between the variability of serum procollagen type Ⅲ and collagen type Ⅳ-7S between the 2 groups before and after zinc administration for more than 24 months (p = 0.043 and p = 0.049). In the patients with zinc elevation, no significant changes were found in collagenase (MMP-1 and MMP-13) before and after zinc administration, whereas a significant increase in the expression of gelatinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9) was found after administration (p = 0.021 and p = 0.005). As for the relative ratio of MMPs to TIMPs, only MMP-9 to TIMP-1 showed a significant increase (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Long-term treatment with polaprezinc has been demonstrated to safely improve serum fibrosis indices through increases in MMP-2/-9 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 and is expected to be well combined with direct antifibrotic therapies such as molecularly targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Moriya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (N.N.); (T.N.); (H.T.); (Y.S.); (H.K.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (S.S.); (A.D.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Norihisa Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (N.N.); (T.N.); (H.T.); (Y.S.); (H.K.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (S.S.); (A.D.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Tadashi Namisaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (N.N.); (T.N.); (H.T.); (Y.S.); (H.K.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (S.S.); (A.D.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hiroaki Takaya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (N.N.); (T.N.); (H.T.); (Y.S.); (H.K.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (S.S.); (A.D.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yasuhiko Sawada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (N.N.); (T.N.); (H.T.); (Y.S.); (H.K.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (S.S.); (A.D.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hideto Kawaratani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (N.N.); (T.N.); (H.T.); (Y.S.); (H.K.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (S.S.); (A.D.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Kosuke Kaji
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (N.N.); (T.N.); (H.T.); (Y.S.); (H.K.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (S.S.); (A.D.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Naotaka Shimozato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (N.N.); (T.N.); (H.T.); (Y.S.); (H.K.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (S.S.); (A.D.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Shinya Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (N.N.); (T.N.); (H.T.); (Y.S.); (H.K.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (S.S.); (A.D.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Masanori Furukawa
- Department of Endoscopy, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (M.F.); (J.Y.)
| | - Akitoshi Douhara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (N.N.); (T.N.); (H.T.); (Y.S.); (H.K.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (S.S.); (A.D.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Takemi Akahane
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (N.N.); (T.N.); (H.T.); (Y.S.); (H.K.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (S.S.); (A.D.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Akira Mitoro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (N.N.); (T.N.); (H.T.); (Y.S.); (H.K.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (S.S.); (A.D.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Junichi Yamao
- Department of Endoscopy, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (M.F.); (J.Y.)
| | - Hitoshi Yoshiji
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (N.N.); (T.N.); (H.T.); (Y.S.); (H.K.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (S.S.); (A.D.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
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Ebrahimi H, Naderian M, Sohrabpour AA. New Concepts on Reversibility and Targeting of Liver Fibrosis; A Review Article. Middle East J Dig Dis 2018; 10:133-148. [PMID: 30186577 PMCID: PMC6119836 DOI: 10.15171/mejdd.2018.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, liver fibrosis and its complications are regarded as critical health problems.
With the studies showing the reversible nature of liver fibrogenesis, scientists have focused
on understanding the underlying mechanism of this condition in order to develop new
therapeutic strategies. Although hepatic stellate cells are known as the primary cells
responsible for liver fibrogenesis, studies have shown contributing roles for other cells,
pathways, and molecules in the development of fibrosis depending on the etiology of
liver fibrosis. Hence, interventions could be directed in the proper way for each type of
liver diseases to better address this complication. There are two main approaches in clinical
reversion of liver fibrosis; eliminating the underlying insult and targeting the fibrosis
process, which have variable clinical importance in the treatment of this disease. In this
review, we present recent concepts in molecular pathways of liver fibrosis reversibility
and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedyeh Ebrahimi
- The Liver, Pancreatic, and Biliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Naderian
- The Liver, Pancreatic, and Biliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Sohrabpour
- Associate Professor, The Liver, Pancreatic, and Biliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Qin X, Lu Y, Peng Z, Fan S, Yao Y. Systematic Chemical Analysis Approach Reveals Superior Antioxidant Capacity via the Synergistic Effect of Flavonoid Compounds in Red Vegetative Tissues. Front Chem 2018; 6:9. [PMID: 29468147 PMCID: PMC5808280 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The flavonoid system comprises an abundance of compounds with multiple functions; however, their potential synergism in antioxidant function remains unclear. We established an approach using ever-red (RL) and ever-green leaves (GL) of crabapple cultivars during their development to determine interrelationships among flavonoid compounds. RL scored significantly better than GL in terms of the type, composition, and diversity of flavonoids than GL. Principal component analysis predicted flavonoids in RL to have positive interaction effects, and the total antioxidant capacity was significantly higher than the sum of antioxidant capacities of the individual compounds. This synergy was verified by the high antioxidant capacity in rat serum after feeding on red leaves. Our findings suggest that the synergistic effect is a result of the high transcription levels regulated by McMYBs in RL. In summary, individual flavonoids cooperate in a flavonoid system, thus producing a synergistic antioxidant effect, and the approach used herein can provide insights into the roles of flavonoids and other compounds in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shuangxi Fan
- Technology Industry Group, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry Fruit Trees, Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yuncong Yao
- Technology Industry Group, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry Fruit Trees, Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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8
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Jia H, Hanate M, Aw W, Itoh H, Saito K, Kobayashi S, Hachimura S, Fukuda S, Tomita M, Hasebe Y, Kato H. Eggshell membrane powder ameliorates intestinal inflammation by facilitating the restitution of epithelial injury and alleviating microbial dysbiosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43993. [PMID: 28272447 PMCID: PMC5341015 DOI: 10.1038/srep43993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is an essential factor in the shaping of intestinal immune system development and driving inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We report the effects and microbe-host interactions underlying an intervention using fine powder of eggshell membrane (ESM) against IBD. ESM attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokine production and promoted the Caco-2 cell proliferation by up-regulating growth factors in vitro. In a murine model of dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis, ESM significantly suppressed the disease activity index and colon shortening. These effects were associated with significant ameliorations of gene expressions of inflammatory mediators, intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, restitution-related factors and antimicrobial peptides. Multifaceted integrated omics analyses revealed improved levels of energy metabolism-related genes, proteins and metabolites. Concomitantly, cecal metagenomic information established an essential role of ESM in improving dysbiosis characterized by increasing the diversity of bacteria and decreasing absolute numbers of pathogenic bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli, as well as in the regulation of the expansion of Th17 cells by suppressing the overgrowth of segmented filamentous bacteria. Such modulations have functional effects on the host; i.e., repairing the epithelium, regulating energy requirements and eventually alleviating mucosal inflammation. These findings are first insights into ESM’s modulation of microbiota and IBD suppression, providing new perspectives on the prevention/treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Jia
- Corporate Sponsored Research Program "Food for Life," Organization for Interdisciplinary Research Projects, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manaka Hanate
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wanping Aw
- Corporate Sponsored Research Program "Food for Life," Organization for Interdisciplinary Research Projects, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hideomi Itoh
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenji Saito
- Corporate Sponsored Research Program "Food for Life," Organization for Interdisciplinary Research Projects, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Kobayashi
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hachimura
- Research Center for Food Safety and Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | - Hisanori Kato
- Corporate Sponsored Research Program "Food for Life," Organization for Interdisciplinary Research Projects, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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