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Gao J, Lan J, Liao H, Yang F, Qiu P, Jin F, Wang S, Shen L, Chao T, Zhang C, Zhu Y. Promising preclinical patient-derived organoid (PDO) and xenograft (PDX) models in upper gastrointestinal cancers: progress and challenges. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1205. [PMID: 38062430 PMCID: PMC10702130 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers (gastric cancer, oesophageal cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, etc.) are the most common cancers with the highest morbidity and mortality in the world. The therapy for most GI cancers is difficult and is associated with a poor prognosis. In China, upper GI cancers, mainly gastric cancer (GC) and oesophageal cancer (EC), are very common due to Chinese people's characteristics, and more than half of patients are diagnosed with distant metastatic or locally advanced disease. Compared to other solid cancers, such as lung cancer and breast cancer, personalized therapies, especially targeted therapy and immunotherapy, in GC and EC are relatively lacking, leading to poor prognosis. For a long time, most studies were carried out by using in vitro cancer cell lines or in vivo cell line-derived xenograft models, which are unable to reproduce the characteristics of tumours derived from patients, leading to the possible misguidance of subsequent clinical validation. The patient-derived models represented by patient-derived organoid (PDO) and xenograft (PDX) models, known for their high preservation of patient tumour features, have emerged as a very popular platform that has been widely used in numerous studies, especially in the research and development of antitumour drugs and personalized medicine. Herein, based on some of the available published literature, we review the research and application status of PDO and PDX models in GC and EC, as well as detail their future challenges and prospects, to promote their use in basic and translational studies or personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianqiang Lan
- Guangdong Research Center of Organoid Engineering and Technology, No. 11 Kaiyuan Avenue, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Liao
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pei Qiu
- Guangdong Research Center of Organoid Engineering and Technology, No. 11 Kaiyuan Avenue, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shubin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Tengfei Chao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu Zhu
- Guangdong Research Center of Organoid Engineering and Technology, No. 11 Kaiyuan Avenue, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, China.
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Obreque J, Vergara-Gómez L, Venegas N, Weber H, Owen GI, Pérez-Moreno P, Leal P, Roa JC, Bizama C. Advances towards the use of gastrointestinal tumor patient-derived organoids as a therapeutic decision-making tool. Biol Res 2023; 56:63. [PMID: 38041132 PMCID: PMC10693174 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00476-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2022 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) removed the requirement that drugs in development must undergo animal testing before clinical evaluation, a declaration that now demands the establishment and verification of ex vivo preclinical models that closely represent tumor complexity and that can predict therapeutic response. Fortunately, the emergence of patient-derived organoid (PDOs) culture has enabled the ex vivo mimicking of the pathophysiology of human tumors with the reassembly of tissue-specific features. These features include histopathological variability, molecular expression profiles, genetic and cellular heterogeneity of parental tissue, and furthermore growing evidence suggests the ability to predict patient therapeutic response. Concentrating on the highly lethal and heterogeneous gastrointestinal (GI) tumors, herein we present the state-of-the-art and the current methodology of PDOs. We highlight the potential additions, improvements and testing required to allow the ex vivo of study the tumor microenvironment, as well as offering commentary on the predictive value of clinical response to treatments such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Obreque
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Office 526, 8330024, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Prevención y Control de Cáncer (CECAN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Vergara-Gómez
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Biomedicine and Translational Research Lab, Universidad de La Frontera, 4810296, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nicolás Venegas
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Office 526, 8330024, Santiago, Chile
| | - Helga Weber
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Biomedicine and Translational Research Lab, Universidad de La Frontera, 4810296, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gareth I Owen
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Prevención y Control de Cáncer (CECAN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Pérez-Moreno
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Office 526, 8330024, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Leal
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Biomedicine and Translational Research Lab, Universidad de La Frontera, 4810296, Temuco, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Office 526, 8330024, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Prevención y Control de Cáncer (CECAN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Bizama
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Office 526, 8330024, Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile.
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro de Prevención y Control de Cáncer (CECAN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Fukuoka S, Koga Y, Yamauchi M, Koganemaru S, Yasunaga M, Shitara K, Doi T, Yoshino T, Kuronita T, Elenbaas B, Wahra P, Zhang H, Crowley L, Jenkins MH, Clark A, Kojima T. p70S6K/Akt dual inhibitor DIACC3010 is efficacious in preclinical models of gastric cancer alone and in combination with trastuzumab. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16017. [PMID: 37749105 PMCID: PMC10520030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3K-Akt-mTOR (PAM) pathway is implicated in tumor progression in many tumor types, including metastatic gastric cancer (GC). The initial promise of PAM inhibitors has been unrealized in the clinic, presumably due, in part, to the up-regulation of Akt signaling that occurs when the pathway is inhibited. Here we present that DIACC3010 (formerly M2698), an inhibitor of two nodes in the PAM pathway, p70S6K and Akt 1/3, blocks the pathway in in vitro and in vivo preclinical models of GC while providing a mechanism that inhibits signaling from subsequent Akt up-regulation. Utilizing GC cell lines and xenograft models, we identified potential markers of DIACC3010-sensitivity in Her2-negative tumors, i.e., PIK3CA mutations, low basal pERK, and a group of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The combination of DIACC3010 and trastuzumab was evaluated in Her2-positive cell lines and models. Potential biomarkers for the synergistic efficacy of the combination of DIACC3010 + trastuzumab also included DEGs as well as a lack of up-regulation of pERK. Of 27 GC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models tested in BALB/c nu/nu mice, 59% were sensitive to DIACC3010 + trastuzumab. Of the 21 HER2-negative PDX models, DIACC3010 significantly inhibited the growth of 38%. Altogether, these results provide a path forward to validate the potential biomarkers of DIACC3010 sensitivity in GC and support clinical evaluation of DIACC3010 monotherapy and combination with trastuzumab in patients with HER2- negative and positive advanced GCs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Fukuoka
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Koga
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yamauchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Koganemaru
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yasunaga
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kohei Shitara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Doi
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Toshio Kuronita
- Merck Biopharma Co., Ltd. (an affiliate of Merck KGaA), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Brian Elenbaas
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (an affiliate of Merck KGaA), Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Pamela Wahra
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (an affiliate of Merck KGaA), Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (an affiliate of Merck KGaA), Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Lindsey Crowley
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (an affiliate of Merck KGaA), Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Molly H Jenkins
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (an affiliate of Merck KGaA), Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Anderson Clark
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (an affiliate of Merck KGaA), Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan.
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Zeng M, Ruan Z, Tang J, Liu M, Hu C, Fan P, Dai X. Generation, evolution, interfering factors, applications, and challenges of patient-derived xenograft models in immunodeficient mice. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:120. [PMID: 37344821 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishing appropriate preclinical models is essential for cancer research. Evidence suggests that cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease. This follows the growing use of cancer models in cancer research to avoid these differences between xenograft tumor models and patient tumors. In recent years, a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor model has been actively generated and applied, which preserves both cell-cell interactions and the microenvironment of tumors by directly transplanting cancer tissue from tumors into immunodeficient mice. In addition to this, the advent of alternative hosts, such as zebrafish hosts, or in vitro models (organoids and microfluidics), has also facilitated the advancement of cancer research. However, they still have a long way to go before they become reliable models. The development of immunodeficient mice has enabled PDX to become more mature and radiate new vitality. As one of the most reliable and standard preclinical models, the PDX model in immunodeficient mice (PDX-IM) exerts important effects in drug screening, biomarker development, personalized medicine, co-clinical trials, and immunotherapy. Here, we focus on the development procedures and application of PDX-IM in detail, summarize the implications that the evolution of immunodeficient mice has brought to PDX-IM, and cover the key issues in developing PDX-IM in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zijing Ruan
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiaxi Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Maozhu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chengji Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xinhua Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Shi J, Li J, Li Z, Li Y, Xu L, Zhang Y. Prediction of pathological response grading for esophageal squamous carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy based on MRI imaging using PDX. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1160815. [PMID: 37377911 PMCID: PMC10292012 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1160815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To confirm the efficacy of magnetic resonance-diffusion weighted imaging (MR-DWI) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) early pathological response prediction and assessment to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) using patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). Methods PDX-bearing mice were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group receiving cisplatin combined with radiotherapy, whereas the control group receiving normal saline. MRI scans were performed in treatment groups in the before, middle, and end of treatment. The correlations between tumor volumes, ADC values and tumor pathological response at different time nodes were explored. Then, expression of proliferation marker and apoptotic marker were detected using immunohistochemistry, and apoptosis rate was detected by TUNEL assay to further verify the results observed in the PDX models. Results The ADC values of the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group in the both middle and end stage of treatment (all P< 0.001), however, significant difference was only observed in tumor volume at the end stage of treatment (P< 0.001). Furthermore, the △ADCmid-pre in our study may able to identify tumors with or without pCR to nCRT at an early stage, due to these changes were prior to the changes of tumor volume after treatment. Finally, TUNEL results also showed that the apoptosis rate of the experiment groups increased the most in the middle stage of treatment, especially the groups with pCR, but the highest apoptosis rate occurred in the end of the treatment. Further, the two PDX models with pCR exhibited the highest levels of apoptotic marker (Bax), and lowest levels of proliferation marker (PCNA and Ki-67) in the both middle and end stage of the treatment. Conclusions ADC values could be used to determine the tumor's response to nCRT, especially in the middle stages of treatment and before the tumor tissue morphology changes, and further, the ADC values were consistent with the potential biomarkers reflecting histopathological changes. Therefore, we suggest that radiation oncologists could refer to the ADC values in the middle stages of treatment when predicting the tumor histopathological response to n CRT in patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Shi
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianbin Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenxiang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yankang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Chen A, Neuwirth I, Herndler-Brandstetter D. Modeling the Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunotherapy in Next-Generation Humanized Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2989. [PMID: 37296949 PMCID: PMC10251926 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has brought significant clinical benefits to numerous patients with malignant disease. However, only a fraction of patients experiences complete and durable responses to currently available immunotherapies. This highlights the need for more effective immunotherapies, combination treatments and predictive biomarkers. The molecular properties of a tumor, intratumor heterogeneity and the tumor immune microenvironment decisively shape tumor evolution, metastasis and therapy resistance and are therefore key targets for precision cancer medicine. Humanized mice that support the engraftment of patient-derived tumors and recapitulate the human tumor immune microenvironment of patients represent a promising preclinical model to address fundamental questions in precision immuno-oncology and cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we provide an overview of next-generation humanized mouse models suitable for the establishment and study of patient-derived tumors. Furthermore, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of modeling the tumor immune microenvironment and testing a variety of immunotherapeutic approaches using human immune system mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dietmar Herndler-Brandstetter
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.C.); (I.N.)
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Targeting HER3 or MEK overcomes acquired Trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive gastric cancer-derived xenograft. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:478. [PMID: 36463209 PMCID: PMC9719506 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01259-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Acquired Trastuzumab resistance is a complicated and disastrous event for HER2-positive gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we successfully established a GC PDX model with Trastuzumab sensitivity (176P) and induced a homologous model with acquired Trastuzumab resistance (176R), then comprehensively delineated the landscape of Trastuzumab resistance mechanisms using single-cell transcriptome sequencing, as well as protein profiling and genomic variation analysis. According to multi-omics study, different gene expression profiles, rather than genetic changes, contributed to acquired Trastuzumab resistance. The mechanisms underlying acquired Trastuzumab resistance present great complexity as multiple molecules and pathways were involved, including ERBB family, MAPK, PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, and cell cycle pathways. Through phenotypical and molecular validation, we found that Trastuzumab combined with HER3-targeted antibody or MEK inhibitor demonstrated excellent antitumor activity and good tolerance, which may serve as promising strategies for overcoming acquired Trastuzumab resistance.
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Yu X, Chen Y, Lu J, He K, Chen Y, Ding Y, Jin K, Wang H, Zhang H, Wang H, Teng L. Patient-derived xenograft models for gastrointestinal tumors: A single-center retrospective study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:985154. [PMID: 36465411 PMCID: PMC9716308 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.985154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models have shown a great efficiency in preclinical and translational applications. Gastrointestinal (GI) tumors have a strong heterogeneity, and the engraftment rate of PDX models remarkably vary. However, the clinicopathological and molecular characteristics affecting the engraftment rate still remain elusive. METHODS A total of 312 fresh tumor tissue samples from patients with GI cancer were implanted into immunodeficient mice. The median follow-up time of patients was 37 months. Patients' characteristics were compared in terms of PDX growth and overall survival. PDX models of 3-6 generations were used for drug evaluation. RESULTS In total, 171 (54.8%, 171/312) PDX models were established, including 85 PDX models of colorectal cancer, 21 PDX models of esophageal cancer, and 65 PDX models of gastric cancer. Other than tumor site, histology, differentiation degree, and serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, no significant differences were found between transplantation of xenografts and patients' characteristics. For patients who had undergone neoadjuvant therapy, the incidence of tumor formation was higher in those with progressive disease (PD) or stable disease (SD). In gastric cancer, the results showed a higher transplantation rate in deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) tumors, and Ki-67 could be an important factor affecting the engraftment rate. The gene mutation status of RAS and BRAF, two important molecular markers in colorectal cancer, showed a high degree of consistency between patients' tumors and PDXs. However, no significant effects of these two mutations on PDX engraftment rate were observed. More importantly, in this study although KRAS mutations were detected in two clinical cases, evident tumor inhibition was still observed after cetuximab treatment in both PDX models and patients. CONCLUSION A large-scale PDX model including 171 cases was successfully established for GI tumors in our center. The relationship between clinicopathological and molecular features and engraftment rates were clarified. Furthermore, this resource provides us with profound insights into tumor heterogeneity, making these models valuable for PDX-guided treatment decisions, and offering the PDX model as a great tool for personalized treatment and translation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfei Yu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiran Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kuifeng He
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongfeng Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ketao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haibin Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haohao Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lisong Teng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Kiblitskaya AA, Maksimov AY, Goncharova AS, Nepomnyashchaya YM, Zlatnik YY, Yegorov GY, Lukbanova YA, Zaikina YV, Volkova AV. Variants of creating heterotopic and orthotopic PDX models of human colorectal cancer. BULLETIN OF SIBERIAN MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2022-3-50-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aim. To create heterotopic and orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of colorectal cancer (CRC) by transplantation of patient’s tumor samples into immunodeficient BALB / c Nude mice.Materials and methods. The study was performed on 15 female BALB / c Nude mice aged 6–8 weeks weighing 21–25 g. All animals underwent transplantation of the tumor material obtained from CRC patients into the following sites: heterotopic transplantation (under the skin of the thigh and into the omentum), orthotopic transplantation (into the descending and ascending colon and into the cecum). Weight and general condition of the animals and the size of the tumor nodule had been monitored for 80 days. The success of each model was assessed by the degree of engraftment, the dynamics of tumor growth, and the reproducibility of histopathologic characteristics. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation.Results. 100% survival of the animals and similar tumor growth dynamics in the xenograft models were observed throughout the experiment. The analysis of histologic specimens obtained from the xenografts and patient’s tumor showed their correspondence to moderately differentiated intestinal adenocarcinoma. The main advantages and disadvantages of different variants of PDX models were described.Conclusion. Heterotopic and orthotopic PDX models reproduce the morpho-histologic characteristics of human tumors and demonstrate stable growth dynamics. Therefore, they are a suitable tool for the development, testing, and validation of potential anticancer drugs.
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Wagner DL, Koehl U, Chmielewski M, Scheid C, Stripecke R. Review: Sustainable Clinical Development of CAR-T Cells – Switching From Viral Transduction Towards CRISPR-Cas Gene Editing. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865424. [PMID: 35784280 PMCID: PMC9248912 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells modified for expression of Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CARs) were the first gene-modified cell products approved for use in cancer immunotherapy. CAR-T cells engineered with gammaretroviral or lentiviral vectors (RVs/LVs) targeting B-cell lymphomas and leukemias have shown excellent clinical efficacy and no malignant transformation due to insertional mutagenesis to date. Large-scale production of RVs/LVs under good-manufacturing practices for CAR-T cell manufacturing has soared in recent years. However, manufacturing of RVs/LVs remains complex and costly, representing a logistical bottleneck for CAR-T cell production. Emerging gene-editing technologies are fostering a new paradigm in synthetic biology for the engineering and production of CAR-T cells. Firstly, the generation of the modular reagents utilized for gene editing with the CRISPR-Cas systems can be scaled-up with high precision under good manufacturing practices, are interchangeable and can be more sustainable in the long-run through the lower material costs. Secondly, gene editing exploits the precise insertion of CARs into defined genomic loci and allows combinatorial gene knock-ins and knock-outs with exciting and dynamic perspectives for T cell engineering to improve their therapeutic efficacy. Thirdly, allogeneic edited CAR-effector cells could eventually become available as “off-the-shelf” products. This review addresses important points to consider regarding the status quo, pending needs and perspectives for the forthright evolution from the viral towards gene editing developments for CAR-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios L. Wagner
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- BIH-Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Koehl
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI) as well as Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Chmielewski
- Clinic I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Scheid
- Clinic I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Renata Stripecke
- Clinic I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (Rebirth), Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Cancer Research Center Cologne Essen (CCCE), Cologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Renata Stripecke, ;
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11
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Zeng M, Pi C, Li K, Sheng L, Zuo Y, Yuan J, Zou Y, Zhang X, Zhao W, Lee RJ, Wei Y, Zhao L. Patient-Derived Xenograft: A More Standard "Avatar" Model in Preclinical Studies of Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:898563. [PMID: 35664756 PMCID: PMC9161630 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.898563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, gastric cancer remains the third most common cause of cancer-related death in humans. The establishment of relevant animal models of gastric cancer is critical for further research. Due to the complexity of the tumor microenvironment and the genetic heterogeneity of gastric cancer, the commonly used preclinical animal models fail to adequately represent clinically relevant models of gastric cancer. However, patient-derived models are able to replicate as much of the original inter-tumoral and intra-tumoral heterogeneity of gastric cancer as possible, reflecting the cellular interactions of the tumor microenvironment. In addition to implanting patient tissues or primary cells into immunodeficient mouse hosts for culture, the advent of alternative hosts such as humanized mouse hosts, zebrafish hosts, and in vitro culture modalities has also facilitated the advancement of gastric cancer research. This review highlights the current status, characteristics, interfering factors, and applications of patient-derived models that have emerged as more valuable preclinical tools for studying the progression and metastasis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chao Pi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lin Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ying Zuo
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Comprehensive Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiyuan Yuan
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Clinical Trial Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yonggen Zou
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Academy of Chinese MateriaMedica, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Robert J. Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yumeng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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12
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Liu S, Zhu P, Tian Y, Chen Y, Liu Y, Chen W, Liping D, Wu C. Preparation and application of taste bud organoids in biomedicine towards chemical sensation mechanisms. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2015-2030. [PMID: 35441364 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Taste is one of the most basic and important sensations that is able to monitor the food quality and avoid intake of potential danger materials. Whether as an inevitable symptom of aging or a complication of cancer treatment, taste loss very seriously affects the patient's life quality. Taste bud organoids provide an alternative and convenient approach for the research of taste functions and the underlying mechanisms due to their characteristics of availability, strong maneuverability, and high similarity to the in-vivo taste buds. This review gives a systemic and comprehensive introduction to the preparation and application of taste bud organoids towards chemical sensing mechanisms. For the first, the basic structure and functions of taste buds will be briefly introduced. Then, the currently available approaches for the preparation of taste bud organoids are summarized and discussed, which are mainly divided into two categories, i.e. the stem/progenitor cell-derived approach and the tissue-derived approach. For the next, different applications of taste bud organoids in biomedicine are outlined based on their central roles such as disease modeling, biological sensing, gene regulation, and signal transduction. Finally, the current challenges, future development trends and prospects of research in taste bud organoids are proposed and discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuge Liu
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yulan Tian
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yating Chen
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yage Liu
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Du Liping
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Chunsheng Wu
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, 710061, China
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13
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Multicellular Modelling of Difficult-to-Treat Gastrointestinal Cancers: Current Possibilities and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063147. [PMID: 35328567 PMCID: PMC8955095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers affecting the gastrointestinal system are highly prevalent and their incidence is still increasing. Among them, gastric and pancreatic cancers have a dismal prognosis (survival of 5–20%) and are defined as difficult-to-treat cancers. This reflects the urge for novel therapeutic targets and aims for personalised therapies. As a prerequisite for identifying targets and test therapeutic interventions, the development of well-established, translational and reliable preclinical research models is instrumental. This review discusses the development, advantages and limitations of both patient-derived organoids (PDO) and patient-derived xenografts (PDX) for gastric and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). First and next generation multicellular PDO/PDX models are believed to faithfully generate a patient-specific avatar in a preclinical setting, opening novel therapeutic directions for these difficult-to-treat cancers. Excitingly, future opportunities such as PDO co-cultures with immune or stromal cells, organoid-on-a-chip models and humanised PDXs are the basis of a completely new area, offering close-to-human models. These tools can be exploited to understand cancer heterogeneity, which is indispensable to pave the way towards more tumour-specific therapies and, with that, better survival for patients.
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14
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Karalis JD, Yoon LY, Hammer STG, Hong C, Zhu M, Nassour I, Ju MR, Xiao S, Castro-Dubon EC, Agrawal D, Suarez J, Reznik SI, Mansour JC, Polanco PM, Yopp AC, Zeh HJ, Hwang TH, Zhu H, Porembka MR, Wang SC. Lenvatinib inhibits the growth of gastric cancer patient-derived xenografts generated from a heterogeneous population. J Transl Med 2022; 20:116. [PMID: 35255940 PMCID: PMC8900296 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lenvatinib is a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is being tested in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat advanced gastric cancer; however, little data exists regarding the efficacy of lenvatinib monotherapy. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) are established by engrafting human tumors into immunodeficient mice. The generation of PDXs may be hampered by growth of lymphomas. In this study, we compared the use of mice with different degrees of immunodeficiency to establish PDXs from a diverse cohort of Western gastric cancer patients. We then tested the efficacy of lenvatinib in this system. METHODS PDXs were established by implanting gastric cancer tissue into NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) or Foxn1nu (nude) mice. Tumors from multiple passages from each PDX line were compared histologically and transcriptomically. PDX-bearing mice were randomized to receive the drug delivery vehicle or lenvatinib. After 21 days, the percent tumor volume change (%Δvtumor) was calculated. RESULTS 23 PDX models were established from Black, non-Hispanic White, Hispanic, and Asian gastric cancer patients. The engraftment rate was 17% (23/139). Tumors implanted into NSG (16%; 18/115) and nude (21%; 5/24) mice had a similar engraftment rate. The rate of lymphoma formation in nude mice (0%; 0/24) was lower than in NSG mice (20%; 23/115; p < 0.05). PDXs derived using both strains maintained histologic and gene expression profiles across passages. Lenvatinib treatment (mean %Δvtumor: -33%) significantly reduced tumor growth as compared to vehicle treatment (mean %Δvtumor: 190%; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Nude mice are a superior platform than NSG mice for generating PDXs from gastric cancer patients. Lenvatinib showed promising antitumor activity in PDXs established from a diverse Western patient population and warrants further investigation in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Karalis
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lynn Y Yoon
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Suntrea T G Hammer
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Changjin Hong
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Min Zhu
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ibrahim Nassour
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michelle R Ju
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shu Xiao
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Esther C Castro-Dubon
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Deepak Agrawal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jorge Suarez
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Scott I Reznik
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John C Mansour
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Patricio M Polanco
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Adam C Yopp
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tae Hyun Hwang
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Matthew R Porembka
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sam C Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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15
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Cheng Y, Qin SK, Li J, Dai GH, Shen BY, Ying JE, Ba Y, Liang H, Wang XB, Xu Y, Zhou L, Ding KF, Qin YR, Yang SJ, Guan WX, Zheng H, Wang Q, Song H, Zhu YP. A multicenter clinical study: personalized medication for advanced gastrointestinal carcinomas with the guidance of patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX). J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:673-684. [PMID: 33864522 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Establish patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) from advanced GICs and assess the clinical value and applicability of PDTX for the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal cancers. METHODS Patients with advanced GICs were enrolled in a registered multi-center clinical study (ChiCTR-OOC-17012731). The performance of PDTX was evaluated by analyzing factors that affect the engraftment rate, comparing the histological consistency between primary tumors and tumorgrafts, examining the concordance between the drug effectiveness in PDTXs and clinical responses, and identifying genetic variants and other factors associated with prognosis. RESULTS Thirty-three patients were enrolled in the study with the engraftment rate of 75.8% (25/33). The success of engraftment was independent of age, cancer types, pathological stages of tumors, and particularly sampling methods. Tumorgrafts retained the same histopathological characteristics as primary tumors. Forty-nine regimens involving 28 drugs were tested in seventeen tumorgrafts. The median time for drug testing was 134.5 days. Follow-up information was obtained about 10 regimens from 9 patients. The concordance of drug effectiveness between PDTXs and clinical responses was 100%. The tumor mutation burden (TMB) was correlated with the effectiveness of single drug regimens, while the outgrowth time of tumorgrafts was associated with the effectiveness of combined regimens. CONCLUSION The engraftment rate in advanced GICs was higher than that of other cancers and meets the acceptable standard for applying personalized therapeutic strategies. Tumorgrafts from PDTX kept attributes of the primary tumor. Predictions from PDTX modeling closely agreed with clinical drug responses. PDTX may already be clinically applicable for personalized medication in advanced GICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- Bayi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu-Kui Qin
- Bayi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jin Li
- Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | | | | | - Jie-Er Ying
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Ba
- Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Liang
- Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin-Bo Wang
- Eastern Theater General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Shanghai Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- 302 Military Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Feng Ding
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan-Ru Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Wen-Xian Guan
- Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hang Song
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhu
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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16
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Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading contributor to global cancer incidence and mortality. Pioneering genomic studies, focusing largely on primary GCs, revealed driver alterations in genes such as ERBB2, FGFR2, TP53 and ARID1A as well as multiple molecular subtypes. However, clinical efforts targeting these alterations have produced variable results, hampered by complex co-alteration patterns in molecular profiles and intra-patient genomic heterogeneity. In this Review, we highlight foundational and translational advances in dissecting the genomic cartography of GC, including non-coding variants, epigenomic aberrations and transcriptomic alterations, and describe how these alterations interplay with environmental influences, germline factors and the tumour microenvironment. Mapping of these alterations over the GC life cycle in normal gastric tissues, metaplasia, primary carcinoma and distant metastasis will improve our understanding of biological mechanisms driving GC development and promoting cancer hallmarks. On the translational front, integrative genomic approaches are identifying diverse mechanisms of GC therapy resistance and emerging preclinical targets, enabled by technologies such as single-cell sequencing and liquid biopsies. Validating these insights will require specifically designed GC cohorts, converging multi-modal genomic data with longitudinal data on therapeutic challenges and patient outcomes. Genomic findings from these studies will facilitate 'next-generation' clinical initiatives in GC precision oncology and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khay Guan Yeoh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patrick Tan
- Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore, Singapore.
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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17
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Chen Z, Yuan J, Xu Y, Zhang C, Li Z, Gong J, Li Y, Shen L, Gao J. From AVATAR Mice to Patients: RC48-ADC Exerted Promising Efficacy in Advanced Gastric Cancer With HER2 Expression. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:757994. [PMID: 35069192 PMCID: PMC8769204 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.757994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RC48-ADC is a novel humanized antibody specific for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)in conjugation with a microtubule inhibitor via a cleavable linker. This study was to evaluate the antitumor activity and mechanism of RC48-ADC in gastric cancer (GC) and explore the population that may benefit from RC48-ADC treatment. Four human GC cell lines and nine patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models were exploited to evaluate the antitumor effect of RC48-ADC or trastuzumab treatment in vitro and in vivo. The expression and phosphorylation of HER2 were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Critical molecules of downstream PI3K/AKT and cell cycle and apoptosis signaling pathways were detected and quantified by immunoblotting. Combined with preliminary results of preclinical research, three patients with IHC3+, IHC2+/FISH+, and IHC2+/FISH- of HER2 were enrolled to verify the efficacy of RC48-ADC treatment in advanced GC. In vitro, RC48-ADC had superior antiproliferative effects in a dose-dependent manner on GC cells, especially on HER2-positive cells. In vivo, RC48-ADC exceeded trastuzumab in GC PDX models with HER2 expression, even in models with moderate to low expression of HER2. Further exploration of mechanism showed that RC48-ADC exerted the antitumor effect by inhibiting phosphorylation of HER2, inducing G2/M phase arrest and cell apoptosis in HER2-expressed PDX models. In clinical practice, RC48-ADC had satisfactory efficacy in HER2-positive and HER2 moderately expressed GC patients and demonstrated promising efficacy in HER2-positive patients who have progressed after anti-HER2 therapy. In conclusion, RC48-ADC exerted promising antitumor activity in HER2-positive as well as score of 2+ in IHC and ISH-negative AGC patients after progression of systematic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jifang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Gao
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
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Yin Z, Maswikiti EP, Liu Q, Bai Y, Li X, Qi W, Liu L, Ma Y, Chen H. Current research developments of patient-derived tumour xenograft models (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1206. [PMID: 34584551 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) models are established by transferring patient tumors into immunodeficient mice. In these murine models, the characteristics of the primary tumor are retained, including the microenvironment of tumor cell growth and histopathology. Due to this, it has become the most reliable in vivo human cancer model. However, the success rates differ by type of tumor, site of transplantation and tumor aggressiveness. Subcutaneous transplantation is a standard method for PDTX, and subrenal capsule transplantation improves the engraftment rate. Recently, PDTX models are frequently used in the fields of precision medicine, predictive biomarkers, evaluation of drug efficacy and preclinical research on tumor immunotherapeutic drugs. The aim of the present article was to review the establishment, clinical applications and limitations of the PDTX model in tumor research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Yin
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Ewetse Paul Maswikiti
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Yuping Bai
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Qi
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Le Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Oncology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
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Liao H, Tian T, Sheng Y, Peng Z, Li Z, Wang J, Li Y, Zhang C, Gao J. The Significance of MET Expression and Strategies of Targeting MET Treatment in Advanced Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:719217. [PMID: 34557411 PMCID: PMC8453156 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.719217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate assessment of predictive biomarker expression is critical in patient selection in clinical trials or clinical practice. However, changes in biomarker expression may occur after treatment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of chemotherapy on MET expression in gastric cancer (GC). Methods MET expression was examined immunohistochemically before and after treatment in 122 patients with unresectable or recurrent GC, and was evaluated according to H-score or the scoring criteria used in the MetMAb trial. MET gene amplification was assessed by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). The antitumor effect of MET targeted therapy was investigated in human gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were analyzed by western blot. Results MET expression was associated with Lauren classification as well as tumor differentiation by either scoring system. MET amplification was not associated with clinical characteristics. Of the 71 patients who had paired pre- and post-treatment tumor tissues, 28 patients (39%) were initially positive for MET expression, and 43 (61%) were negative. Twenty-five patients (35%) showed significant changes in MET expression after treatment (P=0.007). Additionally, there was a concomitant overexpression of MET and HER2 in a subset of GC patients. MET inhibitor volitinib could significantly inhibit cell proliferation and xenograft growth in vitro and in vivo in MKN45 cells with MET and phosphorylated MET (pMET) high expressions via suppressing downstream PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, combination therapy targeting both MET and HER2 demonstrated a synergistic antitumor activity. Conclusions MET expression is altered post chemotherapy and MET status should be evaluated in real-time. Both MET and pMET expressions might need to be considered for patients suitable for volitinib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liao
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tiantian Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yuling Sheng
- School of Medicine, The Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Gao
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
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20
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Venkatasamy A, Guerin E, Blanchet A, Orvain C, Devignot V, Jung M, Jung AC, Chenard MP, Romain B, Gaiddon C, Mellitzer G. Ultrasound and Transcriptomics Identify a Differential Impact of Cisplatin and Histone Deacetylation on Tumor Structure and Microenvironment in a Patient-Derived In Vivo Model of Gastric Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1485. [PMID: 34575561 PMCID: PMC8467189 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The reasons behind the poor efficacy of transition metal-based chemotherapies (e.g., cisplatin) or targeted therapies (e.g., histone deacetylase inhibitors, HDACi) on gastric cancer (GC) remain elusive and recent studies suggested that the tumor microenvironment could contribute to the resistance. Hence, our objective was to gain information on the impact of cisplatin and the pan-HDACi SAHA (suberanilohydroxamic acid) on the tumor substructure and microenvironment of GC, by establishing patient-derived xenografts of GC and a combination of ultrasound, immunohistochemistry, and transcriptomics to analyze. The tumors responded partially to SAHA and cisplatin. An ultrasound gave more accurate tumor measures than a caliper. Importantly, an ultrasound allowed a noninvasive real-time access to the tumor substructure, showing differences between cisplatin and SAHA. These differences were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and transcriptomic analyses of the tumor microenvironment, identifying specific cell type signatures and transcription factor activation. For instance, cisplatin induced an "epithelial cell like" signature while SAHA favored a "mesenchymal cell like" one. Altogether, an ultrasound allowed a precise follow-up of the tumor progression while enabling a noninvasive real-time access to the tumor substructure. Combined with transcriptomics, our results underline the different intra-tumoral structural changes caused by both drugs that impact differently on the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Venkatasamy
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
- IHU-Strasbourg (Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire), 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Guerin
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
| | - Anais Blanchet
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
| | - Christophe Orvain
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
| | - Véronique Devignot
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
| | | | - Alain C. Jung
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, ICANS, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Chenard
- Pathology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Benoit Romain
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
- Digestive Surgery Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
| | - Georg Mellitzer
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
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21
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Gao Y, Zhou R, Huang JF, Hu B, Cheng JW, Huang XW, Wang PX, Peng HX, Guo W, Zhou J, Fan J, Yang XR. Patient-Derived Xenograft Models for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Their Application in Guiding Personalized Medicine. Front Oncol 2021; 11:704042. [PMID: 34327143 PMCID: PMC8315044 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.704042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains one of the most intractable malignancies. The development of effective drug treatments for ICC is seriously hampered by the lack of reliable tumor models. At present, patient derived xenograft (PDX) models prove to accurately reflect the genetic and biological diversity required to decipher tumor biology and therapeutic vulnerabilities. This study was designed to investigate the establishment and potential application of PDX models for guiding personalized medicine and identifying potential biomarker for lenvatinib resistance. Methods We generated PDX models from 89 patients with ICC and compared the morphological and molecular similarities of parental tumors and passaged PDXs. The clinicopathologic features affecting PDX engraftment and the prognostic significance of PDX engraftment were analyzed. Drug treatment responses were analyzed in IMF-138, IMF-114 PDX models and corresponding patients. Finally, lenvatinib treatment response was examined in PDX models and potential drug resistance mechanism was revealed. Results Forty-nine PDX models were established (take rate: 55.1%). Successful PDX engraftment was associated with negative HbsAg (P = 0.031), presence of mVI (P = 0.001), poorer tumor differentiation (P = 0.023), multiple tumor number (P = 0.003), presence of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001), and later TNM stage (P = 0.039). Moreover, patients with tumor engraftment had significantly shorter time to recurrence (TTR) (P < 0.001) and worse overall survival (OS) (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that PDX engraftment was an independent risk factor for shortened TTR (HR = 1.84; 95% CI, 1.05–3.23; P = 0.034) and OS (HR = 2.13; 95% CI, 1.11–4.11; P = 0.024). PDXs were histologically and genetically similar to their parental tumors. We also applied IMF-138 and IMF-114 PDX drug testing results to guide clinical treatment for patients with ICC and found similar treatment responses. PDX models also facilitated personalized medicine for patients with ICC based on drug screening results using whole exome sequencing data. Additionally, PDX models reflected the heterogeneous sensitivity to lenvatinib treatment and CDH1 might be vital to lenvatinib-resistance. Conclusion PDX models provide a powerful platform for preclinical drug discovery, and potentially facilitate the implementation of personalized medicine and improvement of survival of ICC cancer patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Feng Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Wen Cheng
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Wu Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng-Xiang Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Xiang Peng
- Shanghai Dunwill Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Epione Medlab Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Rong Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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22
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Chen Z, Xu Y, Gong J, Kou F, Zhang M, Tian T, Zhang X, Zhang C, Li J, Li Z, Lai Y, Zou J, Zhu X, Gao J, Shen L. Pyrotinib combined with CDK4/6 inhibitor in HER2-positive metastatic gastric cancer: A promising strategy from AVATAR mouse to patients. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e148. [PMID: 32898333 PMCID: PMC7424666 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrotinib was well tolerated but its efficacy was unsatisfactory in patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer (GC) (NCT02378389). This study was to optimize the efficacy of pyrotinib. METHODS Human GC cell lines and AVATAR mice were used to explore the refractory mechanisms of pyrotinib. A pyrotinib-combined strategy was proposed, which was validated in preclinical AVATAR mouse and in clinical patients enrolled in a phase I clinical trial (NCT03480256). RESULTS Dysregulation of CCND1-CDK4/6-Rb axis might be the key to pyrotinib refractory. The strategy of pyrotinib combined with a CDK4/6 inhibitor SHR6390 was proposed and validated in preclinical AVATAR mouse, which was successfully verified in clinical patients. For five patients treated with pyrotinib plus SHR6390 who had available response evaluation, the best response was partial response in three patients, stable disease in one patient, and progressive disease in one patient. The progression-free survival times were 120, 200, 532, 109, and 57 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This translational study suggests that pyrotinib combined with SHR6390 may serve as a promising strategy for patients with HER2-positive GC. TRIAL REGISTRATION The ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers are NCT02378389 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT02378389, registered in 11 February 2015) and NCT03480256 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT03480256, registered in 8 March 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhua Chen
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal OncologyPeking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yingying Xu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal OncologyPeking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Jifang Gong
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal OncologyPeking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Furong Kou
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal OncologyPeking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal OncologyPeking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Tiantian Tian
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal OncologyPeking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal OncologyPeking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal OncologyPeking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Jian Li
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal OncologyPeking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of PathologyPeking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Yumei Lai
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of PathologyPeking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Jianjun Zou
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co, LtdJiangsuChina
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co, LtdJiangsuChina
| | - Jing Gao
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeShenzhenChina
| | - Lin Shen
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal OncologyPeking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
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23
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Shi J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Li J, Li Z. Anlotinib Combined With Chemoradiotherapy Exhibits Significant Therapeutic Efficacy in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:995. [PMID: 32754439 PMCID: PMC7365939 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of anlotinib combined with chemoradiotherapy for treating esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) using patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). Methods: PDX-bearing mice were randomly divided into five groups, as follows: control group receiving normal saline, the group receiving radiotherapy, the group receiving cisplatin combined with radiotherapy, the group receiving anlotinib combined with radiotherapy, and the group receiving anlotinib, and cisplatin combined with radiotherapy. Tumor volumes and body weights were measured three times weekly for 2 weeks. The PDXs were initially assessed by comparing the histology of the original patient tumor tissues with that of the corresponding serially passaged xenografts by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and P63 staining. Then, expression of Bax, c-PARP, PCNA, and CD31 was detected using immunohistochemistry, and apoptosis was detected by a TUNEL assay. Cytokines released into plasma were analyzed using protein chip technology. Finally, two case studies of ESCC patients were presented to further verify the results observed in the PDX models. Results: The pathological characteristics of the serially passaged patient tumor-derived xenografts established in our study were in line with those of the original ESCC patient samples. The group receiving anlotinib and cisplatin plus radiotherapy exhibited the strongest antitumor response among the groups. Moreover, the ideal anticancer effects of anlotinib combined with chemoradiotherapy observed in clinical patients were consistent with the results observed in the PDX models, and no serious side effects were observed during treatment. Conclusions: Combination therapy with anlotinib and chemoradiotherapy may be an effective regimen for the treatment of advanced ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Shi
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jianbin Li
- Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenxiang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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24
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Peille AL, Vuaroqueaux V, Wong SS, Ting J, Klingner K, Zeitouni B, Landesfeind M, Kim WH, Lee HJ, Kong SH, Wulur I, Bray S, Bronsert P, Zanella N, Donoho G, Yang HK, Fiebig HH, Reinhard C, Aggarwal A. Evaluation of molecular subtypes and clonal selection during establishment of patient-derived tumor xenografts from gastric adenocarcinoma. Commun Biol 2020; 3:367. [PMID: 32647357 PMCID: PMC7347869 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) have emerged as an important translational research tool for understanding tumor biology and enabling drug efficacy testing. They are established by transfer of patient tumor into immune compromised mice with the intent of using them as Avatars; operating under the assumption that they closely resemble patient tumors. In this study, we established 27 PDX from 100 resected gastric cancers and studied their fidelity in histological and molecular subtypes. We show that the established PDX preserved histology and molecular subtypes of parental tumors. However, in depth investigation of the entire cohort revealed that not all histological and molecular subtypes are established. Also, for the established PDX models, genetic changes are selected at early passages and rare subclones can emerge in PDX. This study highlights the importance of considering the molecular and evolutionary characteristics of PDX for a proper use of such models, particularly for Avatar trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Lise Peille
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH (formerly Oncotest GmbH), Am Flughafen 12-14, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- 4HF Biotec GmbH, Am Flughafen 14, Freiburg, 79108, Germany
| | - Vincent Vuaroqueaux
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH (formerly Oncotest GmbH), Am Flughafen 12-14, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- 4HF Biotec GmbH, Am Flughafen 14, Freiburg, 79108, Germany
| | - Swee-Seong Wong
- Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
- LifeOmic, 351 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jason Ting
- Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Kerstin Klingner
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH (formerly Oncotest GmbH), Am Flughafen 12-14, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bruno Zeitouni
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH (formerly Oncotest GmbH), Am Flughafen 12-14, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Landesfeind
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH (formerly Oncotest GmbH), Am Flughafen 12-14, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- Evotec International GmbH, Marie-Curie-Strasse, 37079, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Kong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Isabella Wulur
- Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Steven Bray
- Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
- LifeOmic, 351 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Peter Bronsert
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Zanella
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH (formerly Oncotest GmbH), Am Flughafen 12-14, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Greg Donoho
- Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heinz-Herbert Fiebig
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH (formerly Oncotest GmbH), Am Flughafen 12-14, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
- 4HF Biotec GmbH, Am Flughafen 14, Freiburg, 79108, Germany.
| | - Christoph Reinhard
- Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA.
| | - Amit Aggarwal
- Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA.
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Liu Y, Zhu YP, Cai MZ, Ke B, Li B, Liu N, Xue Q, Zhan HJ, Deng JY, Zhang L, Hao YP, Wang ZQ, Wang L, Liang H. A Preliminary Study on the Establishment of the PDTX Model. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:1969-1979. [PMID: 32256107 PMCID: PMC7096243 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s230668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The current study aims to explore the establishment of the patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) model. Materials and Methods Twenty patients with gastric cancer, 10 males and 10 females, were enrolled in the current study. Firstly, the volume, invasion and metastasis of the xenografts were observed. Subsequently, the correlation between tumor tissues of the PDTX mouse model and the patients' primary tumor tissues was evaluated by pathological H&E staining and immunohistochemistry. Results The results showed that the PDTX models corresponding to 15 of the 20 patients were successfully established, and the success rate of PDTX model establishment was 75%. Furthermore, the PDTX models maintained the differentiation degree, morphological characteristics and structural characteristics of tumor cells. Conclusion A PDTX model can be used as a substitute for cancer patients in clinical practice and may be suitable for clinical pharmacodynamic screening and new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhu
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Zhi Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Ke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jie Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yu Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Peng Hao
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Liao H, Zheng T, Wang J, Guo D, Lu Z, Li Z, Chen Y, Shen L, Zhang Y, Gao J. Conditionally reprogrammed colorectal cancer cells combined with mouse avatars identify synergy between EGFR and MEK or CDK4/6 inhibitors. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:249-262. [PMID: 32064165 PMCID: PMC7017732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical models, including patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and organoid and primary cell culture, are essential for studies of cancer cell biology and facilitate translational research and individualization of therapy. We explored the optimum preclinical model by modifying the conventional conditional reprogramming (CR) system followed by screening effective targeted drug combinations against colorectal cancer (CRC). By modifying the ingredients of the culture medium used in a conventional CR system, a novel individualized CR system (termed i-CR) was established. Tumor samples from CRC patients were collected and PDX models were derived followed by high-throughput i-CR drug screening and validation of the effective targeted drug combinations. The i-CR system selectively expanded tumor cells rather than normal epithelial cells and facilitated high-throughput drug screening when combined with high-content imaging and quantitative analysis of cell proliferation. Using inhibitors targeting multiple signaling pathways identified by high-throughput i-CR drug screening, we discovered that inhibition of the EGFR and MEK or CDK4/6 pathways exerted a synergistic inhibitory effect against CRC, and we noted super-synergistic effects when EGFR, MEK, and CDK4/6 inhibitors were used simultaneously. These data were validated using paired PDX models, which showed marked inhibition of tumor growth. The novel i-CR system combined with PDX models will enable individualization of therapy and drug discovery, and strategies combining EGFR, MEK, and CDK4/6 inhibitors warrant clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing, China
| | - Haiyan Liao
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeShenzhen 518116, China
| | - Tongsen Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbin, China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing, China
| | | | - Zhihao Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing, China
| | | | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing, China
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbin, China
| | - Jing Gao
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeShenzhen 518116, China
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Okada S, Vaeteewoottacharn K, Kariya R. Application of Highly Immunocompromised Mice for the Establishment of Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX) Models. Cells 2019; 8:E889. [PMID: 31412684 PMCID: PMC6721637 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are created by engraftment of patient tumor tissues into immunocompetent mice. Since a PDX model retains the characteristics of the primary patient tumor including gene expression profiles and drug responses, it has become the most reliable in vivo human cancer model. The engraftment rate increases with the introduction of Non-obese diabetic Severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID)-based immunocompromised mice, especially the NK-deficient NOD strains NOD/SCID/interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain(IL2Rγ)null (NOG/NSG) and NOD/SCID/Jak3(Janus kinase 3)null (NOJ). Success rates differ with tumor origin: gastrointestinal tumors acquire a higher engraftment rate, while the rate is lower for breast cancers. Subcutaneous transplantation is the most popular method to establish PDX, but some tumors require specific environments, e.g., orthotropic or renal capsule transplantation. Human hormone treatment is necessary to establish hormone-dependent cancers such as prostate and breast cancers. PDX mice with human hematopoietic and immune systems (humanized PDX) are powerful tools for the analysis of tumor-immune system interaction and evaluation of immunotherapy response. A PDX biobank equipped with patients' clinical data, gene-expression patterns, mutational statuses, tumor tissue architects, and drug responsiveness will be an authoritative resource for developing specific tumor biomarkers for chemotherapeutic predictions, creating individualized therapy, and establishing precise cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
| | - Kulthida Vaeteewoottacharn
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ryusho Kariya
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
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Jeon J, Cheong JH. Clinical Implementation of Precision Medicine in Gastric Cancer. J Gastric Cancer 2019; 19:235-253. [PMID: 31598369 PMCID: PMC6769368 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2019.19.e25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the deadliest malignancies in the world. Currently, clinical treatment decisions are mostly made based on the extent of the tumor and its anatomy, such as tumor-node-metastasis staging. Recent advances in genome-wide molecular technology have enabled delineation of the molecular characteristics of GC. Based on this, efforts have been made to classify GC into molecular subtypes with distinct prognosis and therapeutic response. Simplified algorithms based on protein and RNA expressions have been proposed to reproduce the GC classification in the clinical field. Furthermore, a recent study established a single patient classifier (SPC) predicting the prognosis and chemotherapy response of resectable GC patients based on a 4-gene real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. GC patient stratification according to SPC will enable personalized therapeutic strategies in adjuvant settings. At the same time, patient-derived xenografts and patient-derived organoids are now emerging as novel preclinical models for the treatment of GC. These models recapitulate the complex features of the primary tumor, which is expected to facilitate both drug development and clinical therapeutic decision making. An integrated approach applying molecular patient stratification and patient-derived models in the clinical realm is considered a turning point in precision medicine in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewook Jeon
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Yang W, Fan WS, Ye MX, Li Z, Gu CL, Zhu YP, Hao YP, Wang ZQ, Wang L, Meng YG. Establishment of the PDTX model of gynecological tumors. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:3779-3789. [PMID: 31312388 PMCID: PMC6614644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fresh tumor tissues from patients with gynecological tumors were obtained by surgery or biopsy, and transplanted into NOD-Prkdcem26ll2rgem26Nju (NCG) mice to establish a patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 15 patients with gynecologic tumors were enrolled into the present study. Among these patients, 12 patients had epithelial fallopian tube/ovarian/peritoneal cancer, one patient had metastatic ovarian cancer, and two patients had cervical cancer. Furthermore, among these patients, three patients were treated with puncture or microscopy biopsy, six patients underwent laparoscopic surgery, and six patients underwent robotic surgery. The tumor formation latency, tumor formation rate, tumor volume, tumor invasion and metastasis of the transplanted tumor were observed, the consistency of the PDTX model tumor tissue and patient's primary tumor tissue was compared by pathological H&E staining, and pharmacodynamics testing was performed. RESULTS Seven of 15 PDTX models were successfully established, with a success rate of 46.7%. The tumor formation time ranged within 21-130 days, with a median tumor formation time of 73 days. The PDTX model maintained the differentiation, morphological and structural characteristics of tumor cells, and the pharmacodynamic test was completed in five patients. CONCLUSION The PDTX model is highly consistent with the pathology of the patient's tumor, and can be used as a substitute for clinical patients to guide the accurate treatment and scientific research of gynecological tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese PLA General Hospital28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese PLA General Hospital28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ming-Xia Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese PLA General Hospital28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese PLA General Hospital28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Cheng-Lei Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese PLA General Hospital28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhu
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd.568 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Peng Hao
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd.568 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd.568 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd.568 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan-Guang Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese PLA General Hospital28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
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30
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Establishment of Novel Gastric Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts and Cell Lines: Pathological Comparison between Primary Tumor, Patient-Derived, and Cell-Line Derived Xenografts. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060585. [PMID: 31207870 PMCID: PMC6627523 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models have been recognized as being more suitable for predicting therapeutic efficacy than cell-culture models. However, there are several limitations in applying PDX models in preclinical studies, including their availability—especially for cancers such as gastric cancer—that are not frequently encountered in Western countries. In addition, the differences in morphology between primary, PDX, and tumor cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) models have not been well established. In this study, we aimed to establish a series of gastric cancer PDXs and cell-lines from a relatively large number of gastric cancer patients. We also investigated the clinicopathological factors associated with the establishment of PDX and CDX models, and compared the histology between the primary tumor, PDX, and CDX that originated from the same patient. We engrafted 232 gastric cancer tissues into immune-deficient mice subcutaneously and successfully established 35 gastric cancer PDX models (15.1% success rate). Differentiated type adenocarcinomas (DAs, 19.4%) were more effectively established than poorly differentiated type adenocarcinomas (PDAs, 10.8%). For establishing CDXs, the success rate was less influenced by histological differentiation grade (DA vs. PDA, 12.1% vs. 9.8%). In addition, concordance of histological differentiation grade between primary tumors and PDXs was significant (p < 0.01), while concordance between primary tumors and CDXs was not. Among clinicopathological factors investigated, pathological nodal metastasis status (pN) was significantly associated with the success rate of PDX establishment. Although establishing cell lines from ascites fluid was more efficient (41.2%, 7/17) than resected tissues, it should be noted that all CDXs from ascites fluid had the PDA phenotype. In conclusion, we established 35 PDX and 32 CDX models from 249 gastric cancer patients; among them, 21 PDX/CDX models were established from the same patients. Our findings may provide helpful insights for establishing PDX and CDX models not only from gastric but from other cancer types, as well as select preclinical models for developing new therapeutics.
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Wang J, Xing B, Liu W, Li J, Wang X, Li J, Yang J, Ji C, Li Z, Dong B, Gao J, Shen L. Molecularly annotation of mouse avatar models derived from patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Theranostics 2019; 9:3485-3500. [PMID: 31281492 PMCID: PMC6587174 DOI: 10.7150/thno.32033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver is the most common metastatic site in advanced colorectal cancer. Most patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) do not benefit from current treatment. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) with defined molecular signatures are attractive models for preclinical studies. Methods: Successfully established PDXs were evaluated to elucidate their fidelity of patients' biologic characteristics (pathologic, genetic and protein properties, together with chemosensitivity). The genomic variations of PDXs were analyzed by next-generation sequencing to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of metastasis and potential therapeutic targets. Results: CRLM (N=73) showed a significantly higher successful PDX establishment rate than primary specimens (N=26; 76.7% vs. 57.7%). CRLM PDXs recapitulated the pathologic, genetic and protein properties of parental tumors, as well as chemosensitivity. Frequent altered genes in PDXs showed high consistency compared to patients' genomic alterations and were enriched in MAPK, ErbB, cell cycle, focal adhesion pathways for CRLM PDXs, whereas primary tumor-derived PDXs only exhibited genomic variations involving ErbB and cell cycle. The genetic alterations showed high concordance between paired PDXs from primary and metastatic tissues, except for recurrent gene mutations (ARID1A, CDK8, ETV1, STAT5B and WNK3) and common copy number gains in chromosomes 20q (e.g., SRC/AURKA). Several potential drug targets such as KRAS, HER2, and FGFR2 were validated using corresponding inhibitors. Additionally, PDX models could also be used in screening efficient regimens for patients with no druggable alterations. Conclusion: This study has successfully established and validated a large panel of molecularly annotated platforms from patients with CRLM for preclinical studies.
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Zhang Z, Zhao W, Lin X, Gao J, Zhang Z, Shen L. Voltage-dependent calcium channel α2δ1 subunit is a specific candidate marker for identifying gastric cancer stem cells. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:4707-4718. [PMID: 31213895 PMCID: PMC6536713 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s199329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells with self-renewal property and responsible for tumor malignancy, progression and drug resistance. Researches on CSC-specific markers in gastric cancer remain limited. Our current study explored the expression of voltage-dependent calcium channel α2δ1 subunit and the potential of using α2δ1 as a CSC marker in gastric cancer. We also compared the specificity of α2δ1 and CD44 in identifying gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs). Materials and methods: Expression of α2δ1 was analyzed in gastric cancer cell lines, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and clinical samples of malignant ascites of gastric cancer patients. α2δ1+ gastric cancer cells were isolated from gastric cancer cell lines. CSC properties of α2δ1+ gastric cancer cells were then verified by subsequent tests both in vitro and in vivo. Results: The expression level of α2δ1 was found to differ drastically among gastric cancer cell lines, PDX models and clinical samples of malignant ascites. α2δ1+ gastric cancer cells sorted from HGC-27 and SGC-7901 cell lines demonstrated significant self-renewal properties, including tumorigenic capacity, sphere-formation capacity and asymmetric differentiation potential. Knockdown of α2δ1 in α2δ1+ HGC-27 significantly inhibited CSC properties and rendered HGC-27 more sensitive to chemotherapy. Flow cytometry showed that α2δ1+ gastric cancer cells accounted for a small fraction of CD44+ gastric cancer cells. Isolated CD44+α2δ1+ HGC-27 cells displayed more significant tumorigenic capacity and sphere-forming capacity compared with their CD44+α2δ1− counterparts. Conclusion: α2δ1+ gastric cancer cells possessed CSC properties. α2δ1 could be a proper marker in identifying GCSCs with superior specificity than CD44. The combination of α2δ1 and CD44 could be used to identify GCSCs with improved accuracy. Knockdown of α2δ1 combined with chemotherapy displayed higher therapeutic efficacy on gastric cancer cells, suggesting that α2δ1 could be a potential target for anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Lin
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Establishment and characterization of melanoma patient-derived xenograft models for preclinical evaluation of novel therapeutics. Melanoma Res 2019; 28:527-535. [PMID: 30086074 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models mostly retain the histological and genetic features of their donor tumors, which have been used for investigating various types of cancer. However, PDX models for melanoma, especially acral melanoma, are reported occasionally. We aimed to establish a large panel of melanoma PDX models representing the predominant Asian melanomas. Ninety-three fresh melanoma samples were implanted subcutaneously into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice. The histological and genetic characteristics were analyzed in both patient tumors and PDX models using immunohistochemistry, PCR amplification, and Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, the sensitivities of PDX models harboring distinct mutation profiles to binimetinib (a MEK inhibitor), vemubrafenib (a BRAF inhibitor), and imatinib (a KIT inhibitor) were also evaluated. Twenty-five PDX models were established successfully [25/93 (26.9%)] and passaged to maintain tumors in vivo. Clinical stage and origin of tumor sample were correlated with successful establishment rates (P=0.008 and <0.001, respectively). The histological (expression of NRAS, P16, and RB) and genetic (mutation status of NRAS, BRAF, and KIT) characteristics were stably maintained from patient tumors to PDX models. Targeted drugs could inhibit the tumor growth of PDX models harboring the corresponding target gene mutations. These PDX models constitute a pharmacological platform, enabling personalized development of therapeutic strategies for Asian melanomas.
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Chen Z, Liu Z, Zhang M, Huang W, Li Z, Wang S, Zhang C, Dong B, Gao J, Shen L. EPHA2 blockade reverses acquired resistance to afatinib induced by EPHA2-mediated MAPK pathway activation in gastric cancer cells and avatar mice. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:2440-2449. [PMID: 30957241 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Afatinib is a pan-HER inhibitor approved for specific types of lung cancer. We explored antitumor activity, predictive biomarkers and the potential mechanisms underlying antitumor effect and acquired resistance of afatinib in gastric cancer (GC) in vitro and in vivo. Five human GC cell lines and eight patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models with clear molecular profiling were used to evaluate the antitumor activity and mechanisms of afatinib. The ErbB family and downstream PI3K/AKT/mTOR and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were evaluated before and after afatinib treatment. An afatinib-resistant PDX model was established to explore both the potential mechanisms of drug resistance and reversal strategies. We found that afatinib exerted a strong tumor suppression in EGFR/HER2 highly amplified (copy number >6) or overexpressed (IHC 3+) PDX models and a moderate tumor suppression in EGFR/HER2 moderately expressed (IHC 2+) PDX models. Afatinib selectively inhibited the proliferation of HER2 highly amplified GC cells in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Afatinib also exerted its antitumor effect by inducing cell apoptosis and cell arrest at G1 phase. Diminished activation of the ErbB family and downstream PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways was also observed. Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor A2 (EPHA2) upregulation and phosphorylation might be involved in afatinib-acquired resistance, and EPHA2 blockade could restore afatinib sensitivity. GC patients with amplification (copy number >6) or overexpression (IHC 3+) of EGFR/HER2 were most likely to benefit from afatinib treatment and EPHA2 blockade reversed acquired resistance to afatinib treatment, which could provide solid evidences for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhua Chen
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhentao Liu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Huang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shubin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Park CH, Kim H, Jo JH, Hahn KY, Yoon JH, Kim SY, Lee YC, Noh SH, Chung HC, Lee SK. Role of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy-targeted biopsy in the molecular and histopathological study of gastric cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 34:84-91. [PMID: 30221400 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM A high yield of biopsy is mandatory to perform molecular genetic research with endoscopically obtained gastric cancer tissues. We evaluated whether probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) can increase the yield of endoscopic biopsy for gastric cancer compared with white light endoscopy (WLE). METHODS All lesions in the pCLE and WLE groups were initially evaluated through WLE. In the pCLE group, lesions were further examined through pCLE. In the pilot study, five and three biopsy specimens were obtained for histopathological examination and tumor marker analysis, respectively. In the confirmatory study, six biopsy specimens for histopathological evaluation were obtained. RESULTS A total of 30 gastric cancers and 61 undifferentiated-type gastric cancers were analyzed in the pilot and confirmatory studies, respectively. The proportion of cancer cells in biopsy samples of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or signet ring cell carcinoma was higher in the pCLE group than in the WLE group in both the pilot and confirmatory studies (pilot: median proportion, 65% vs 30%, P = 0.010; confirmatory: mean ± standard deviation, 49.5 ± 29.3 vs 29.3 ± 13.7, P = 0.002). The expression ratio of tumor markers including carcinoembryonic antigen, GW112, HOX transcript antisense RNA, and H19 tended to be higher in the pCLE group than in the WLE group. CONCLUSION Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy-targeted biopsy provided superior results in terms of the proportion of cancer cells in biopsy samples compared with WLE-targeted biopsy in gastric cancer with undifferentiated histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hyuk Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Hyunki Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Jo
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Yeon Hahn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Yoon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Young Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Chan Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Noh
- Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Chung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Kil Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Cancer Stem Cells in Radiation Oncology. Radiat Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-52619-5_104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Nagle PW, Plukker JTM, Muijs CT, van Luijk P, Coppes RP. Patient-derived tumor organoids for prediction of cancer treatment response. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:258-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wang Z, Fu S, Zhao J, Zhao W, Shen Z, Wang D, Duan J, Bai H, Wan R, Yu J, Wang S, Chen H, Chen B, Wang L, Wang J. Transbronchoscopic patient biopsy-derived xenografts as a preclinical model to explore chemorefractory-associated pathways and biomarkers for small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 440-441:180-188. [PMID: 30347283 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient tumor tissue is a major barrier for cancer biology research in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and has driven the development of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) from biopsy tumor tissues. Here, we utilized transbronchoscopic biopsy specimens from SCLC tumors to establish PDXs and evaluated the genomic profile using next-generation sequencing and an RNA sequencing platform. The PDX establishment rate was 54.1% (40/74). PDXs largely recapitulated the major characteristics of their corresponding primary tumors, such as histopathology, genetic profile, and chemo-responsiveness. Compared with chemosensitive (chemo-S) PDXs, chemorefractory (chemo-R) PDXs demonstrated significant gene aberrances in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and a higher frequency of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-related genes. Phosphorylated ERK (pERK) was associated with chemo-R status. Patients with positive pERK expression demonstrated significantly inferior progression-free survival after first-line chemotherapy compared with that of patients who were negative for pERK (p < 0.001). Collectively, transbronchoscopic biopsy SCLC PDXs can serve as a model for genomic profiling and identifying biomarkers predictive of chemo-R status. Using PDXs, RTK-related gene aberrances and pERK expression were found to be associated with chemo-R SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhirong Shen
- The BeiGene Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianchun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhang Wang
- GCP Center, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hanxiao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bolu Chen
- CATS Academy Boston, 2001 Washington Street, Braintree, MA, 02184, USA
| | - Lai Wang
- The BeiGene Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Guo X, Zhu H, Zhou N, Chen Z, Liu T, Liu F, Xu X, Jin H, Shen L, Gao J, Yang Z. Noninvasive Detection of HER2 Expression in Gastric Cancer by 64Cu-NOTA-Trastuzumab in PDX Mouse Model and in Patients. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:5174-5182. [PMID: 30251865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish the quality control and quantify the novel 64Cu-NOTA-Trastuzumab in gastric cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDX) mice models and patients by applying the molecular imaging technique. Trastuzumab was labeled with 64Cu using NCS-Bz-NOTA as bifunctional chelator, and hIgG1 was labeled with the same procedures as a negative control agent. HER2-positive (case 176, n = 12) and HER2-negative (case 168, n = 3) PDX models were established and validated by Western blot, DNA amplification, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Both models were conducted for micro-PET imaging by tail injection of 18.5 MBq of 64Cu-NOTA-Trastuzumab or 64Cu-NOTA-hIgG1. Radioprobe uptake in tumor and main organs was quantified by region of interested (ROI) analysis of the micro-PET images and autoradiography. Finally, gastric cancer patients were enrolled in preliminary 64Cu-NOTA-Trastuzumab PET/CT scans. NOTA-Trastuzumab was efficiently radiolabeled with 64Cu over a 99% radiochemical purity and 17.5 GBq/μmol specific activity. The immune activity was preserved as the nonmodified antibody, and the radiopharmaceutical proved to be stable for up to 5 half-decay lives of 64Cu both in vitro and in vivo. Two serials of PDX gastric cancer models were successfully established: case 176 for HER2 positive and case 168 for HER2 negative. In micro-PET imaging studies, 64Cu-NOTA-Trastuzumab exhibits a significant higher tumor uptake (11.45 ± 0.42 ID%/g) compared with 64Cu-NOTA-IgG1 (3.25 ± 0.28 ID%/g, n = 5, p = 0.0004) at 36 h after intravenous injection. Lower level uptake of 64Cu-NOTA-Trastuzumab (6.35 ± 0.48 ID%/g) in HER2-negative PDX tumor models further confirmed specific binding of the radioprobe. Interestingly, the coinjection of 2.0 mg of Trastuzumab (15.52 ± 1.97 ID%/g) or 2.0 mg of hIgG1 (15.64 ± 3.54 ID%/g) increased the 64Cu-NOTA-Trastuzumab tumor uptake in PDX tumor (HER2+) models compared with 64Cu-NOTA-Trastuzumab alone ( p < 0.05) at 36 h postinjection. There were good correlations between micro-PET images and IHC ( n = 4) and autoradiography in PDX (HER2+) tumor tissues. Therefore, 64Cu-NOTA-Trastuzumab successfully translated to clinical PET imaging, and 64Cu-NOTA-Trastuzumab PET/CT scan in gastric cancer patients showed good detection ability. In conclusion, we reported quality control and application of novel 64Cu-NOTA-Trastuzumab for HER2 expression in PDX gastric cancer mice models and gastric cancer patients. Moreover, 64Cu-NOTA-Trastuzumab holds great potential for noninvasive PET detection, staging, and follow-up of HER2 expression in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Nina Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Zuhua Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Teli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Xiaoxia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Hongjun Jin
- Research Center of Molecular Imaging and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University, the Fifth Affiliation Hospital , Zhuhai , Guangdong Province 519000 , China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
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Liu Z, Chen Z, Wang J, Zhang M, Li Z, Wang S, Dong B, Zhang C, Gao J, Shen L. Mouse avatar models of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma proved the potential for EGFR-TKI afatinib and uncovered Src family kinases involved in acquired resistance. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:109. [PMID: 30157900 PMCID: PMC6114252 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0651-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background No approved targeted agents are available for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Informative genomic analysis and mouse patient-derived xenografts (PDX) also called mouse avatar can greatly expedite drug discovery. Methods Six ESCC cell lines and 7 out of 25 PDX models derived from 188 biopsies with clear molecular features were employed to evaluate the sensitivity of several EGFR blockers in vitro and in vivo, as well as the underlying antitumor mechanisms of the most promising EGFR-TKI afatinib. Mechanisms involved in acquired resistance of afatinib were explored based on established resistant cell lines and PDX models followed by an attempt to reverse resistance. Results Compared with other EGFR blockers, the second-generation EGFR-TKI afatinib exerted superior antitumor effects in ESCC, and EGFR copy number gain (CNG) or overexpression was proposed to be predictive biomarkers. Afatinib played its antitumor effects by inhibiting EGFR downstream pathways, as well as inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G1. It was increased phosphorylation of Src family kinases (SFKs), rather than MET upregulation, that conferred to acquired resistance of afatinib. Dual blockade of EGFR and SFKs could overcome afatinib resistance and warrants validation in clinical practice. Conclusion Both ESCC cell lines and PDXs with EGFR CNG or overexpression are potential candidates for afatinib, and concomitant EGFR/SFKs inhibition could reverse afatinib-acquired resistance caused by SFKs activation in ESCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-018-0651-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Liu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zuhua Chen
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Shubin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Road, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China. .,Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Road, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lin Shen
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China. .,Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Road, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China.
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Wu Y, Yuan L, Guo Y, Lu A, Zheng W, Xu H, Yang Y, Hu P, Gu S, Wang B, Deng H. Identification of a GNE homozygous mutation in a Han-Chinese family with GNE myopathy. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5533-5538. [PMID: 30160005 PMCID: PMC6201217 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GNE myopathy is a rare, recessively inherited, early adult‐onset myopathy, characterized by distal and proximal muscle degeneration which often spares the quadriceps. It is caused by mutations in the UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine 2‐epimerase/N‐acetylmannosamine kinase gene (GNE). This study aimed to identify the disease‐causing mutation in a three‐generation Han‐Chinese family with members who have been diagnosed with myopathy. A homozygous missense mutation, c.1627G>A (p.V543M) in the GNE gene co‐segregates with the myopathy present in this family. A GNE myopathy diagnosis is evidenced by characteristic clinical manifestations, rimmed vacuoles in muscle biopsies and the presence of biallelic GNE mutations. This finding broadens the GNE gene mutation spectrum and extends the GNE myopathy phenotype spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lamei Yuan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Medical Information, Information Security and Big Data Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Anjie Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbo Xu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengzhi Hu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shaojuan Gu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bingqi Wang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Alessandrini L, Manchi M, De Re V, Dolcetti R, Canzonieri V. Proposed Molecular and miRNA Classification of Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1683. [PMID: 29882766 PMCID: PMC6032377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant neoplasm worldwide and one of the main cause of cancer-related deaths. Despite some advances in therapies, long-term survival of patients with advanced disease remains poor. Different types of classification have been used to stratify patients with GC for shaping prognosis and treatment planning. Based on new knowledge of molecular pathways associated with different aspect of GC, new pathogenetic classifications for GC have been and continue to be proposed. These novel classifications create a new paradigm in the definition of cancer biology and allow the identification of relevant GC genomic subsets by using different techniques such as genomic screenings, functional studies and molecular or epigenetic characterization. An improved prognostic classification for GC is essential for the development of a proper therapy for a proper patient population. The aim of this review is to discuss the state-of-the-art on combining histological and molecular classifications of GC to give an overview of the emerging therapeutic possibilities connected to the latest discoveries regarding GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Alessandrini
- Pathology, IRCCS CRO National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Melissa Manchi
- Pathology, IRCCS CRO National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Valli De Re
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, IRCCS CRO National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
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Shi J, Li F, Yao X, Mou T, Xu Z, Han Z, Chen S, Li W, Yu J, Qi X, Liu H, Li G. The HER4-YAP1 axis promotes trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive gastric cancer by inducing epithelial and mesenchymal transition. Oncogene 2018. [PMID: 29535422 PMCID: PMC5978807 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Trastuzumab is the only target to be approved as the first-line treatment of HER2 positive metastatic gastric cancer, but ubiquitous resistance decreases its therapeutic benefit. In this study, we found HER4, phosphorylation HER4 (p-HER4) and the mesenchymal marker Vimentin increased in trastuzumab-resistant cells (MKN45TR and NCI-N87TR), while epithelial markers expressions in trastuzumab-resistant cell lines and animal models decreased. Additionally, silencing HER4 prevented the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and led to decreased proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo. The expression of YAP1, a vital downstream interacted target of HER4, decreased when HER4 was knocked down. Interestingly, stimulation of NRG1 could compromise the inhibitory impact and rescue cell survival; whereas, transfection of siYAP1 sensitized trastuzumab-treated cells. Expression analysis of the proteins in patient-derived xenograft model (PDX) mice showed that HER4, p-HER4, YAP1, and Vimentin were clearly upregulated in the trastuzumab-resistant mice compared to mice without trastuzumab resistance. However, HER2 and E-cadherin were downregulated in response to continuous treatment with trastuzumab. These findings elucidated that the central role of the HER4-YAP1 axis in trastuzumab resistance of HER2-positive gastric cancer cells through induction of EMT. Hence, regulating the HER4-YAP1 axis might be a promising strategy for clinical interventions in patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaolong Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengping Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingyu Mou
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Han
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wende Li
- Department of Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, China.
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Chen Z, Huang W, Tian T, Zang W, Wang J, Liu Z, Li Z, Lai Y, Jiang Z, Gao J, Shen L. Characterization and validation of potential therapeutic targets based on the molecular signature of patient-derived xenografts in gastric cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:20. [PMID: 29433585 PMCID: PMC5809945 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models with definite molecular signature are attractive preclinical models for development of novel targeted drugs. Here, we profiled and explored potential therapeutic targets based on characterized PDX models for advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Methods The genomic variation and molecular profile of 50 PDX models from AGC patients were analyzed by targeted next-generation sequencing, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. The antitumor activities of several targeted drugs were investigated in the PDX models. Furthermore, response biomarkers were explored. Results Each PDX model had individual histopathological and molecular features, and recurrent alterations in the MAPK, ErbB, VEGF, mTOR, and cell cycle signaling pathways were major events in these PDX models. Several potential drug targets, such as EGFR, MET, and CCNE1, were selected and validated in this study. Volitinib demonstrated strong antitumor activity in PDX models with MET and phosphorylated MET (pMET) overexpression. The EGFR monoclonal antibodies BK011 and cetuximab inhibited tumor growth in a PDX model with EGFR amplification. Afatinib inhibited tumor growth in the PDX models with EGFR amplification, EGFR overexpression, or HER2 amplification. Apatinib was more sensitive in the PDX models with high microvessel density. The CDK1/2/9 inhibitor AZD5438 had superior anti-tumor activity in two models with higher copy number of CCNE1. Conclusions PDX models with defined molecular signature are useful for preclinical studies with targeted drugs, and the results should be validated in larger studies with PDX models or in clinical trials. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-018-0563-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Wenwen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Tiantian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Wanchun Zang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhentao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yumei Lai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Jiang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
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Zou J, Liu Y, Wang J, Liu Z, Lu Z, Chen Z, Li Z, Dong B, Huang W, Li Y, Gao J, Shen L. Establishment and genomic characterizations of patient-derived esophageal squamous cell carcinoma xenograft models using biopsies for treatment optimization. J Transl Med 2018; 16:15. [PMID: 29370817 PMCID: PMC5785825 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Squamous cell carcinoma is the dominant type of esophageal cancer in China with many patients initially diagnosed at advanced stage. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) models have been developed to be an important platform for preclinical research. This study aims to establish and characterize PDX models using biopsy tissue from advanced esophageal cancer patients to lay the foundation of preclinical application. Methods Fresh endoscopic biopsy tissues were harvested from patients with advanced esophageal cancer and implanted subcutaneously into NOD/SCID mice. Then, the PDXs were serially passaged for up to four generations. Transplantation was analyzed and genomic characteristics of xenografts were profiled using next-generation sequencing. Results Twenty-five PDX models were established (13.3%, 25/188). The latency period was 75.12 ± 19.87 days (50–120 days) for the first passage and it decreased with increasing passaging. Other than tumor stages, no differences were found between transplantations of xenografts and patient characteristics, irrespective of chemotherapy. Histopathological features and chemosensitivity of PDXs were in great accordance with primary patient tumors. Each PDX was assessed for molecular characteristics including copy number variations, somatic mutations, and signaling pathway abnormalities and these were similar to patient results. Conclusions Our PDX models were established from real time biopsies and molecularly profiled. They might be promising for drug development and individualized therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1379-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Zou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Genetics, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhentao Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhihao Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zuhua Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
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Chen Z, Liu Z, Huang W, Li Z, Zou J, Wang J, Lin X, Li B, Chen D, Hu Y, Ji J, Gao J, Shen L. Gimatecan exerts potent antitumor activity against gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo via AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. J Transl Med 2017; 15:253. [PMID: 29237470 PMCID: PMC5729429 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1360-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated antitumor activity and underlying mechanisms of DNA topoisomerase I (TopI) inhibitor gimatecan and irinotecan in gastric cancer (GC) in vitro cell lines and in vivo patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Methods GC cell lines SNU-1, HGC27, MGC803 and NCI-N87 were used to evaluate cell viability and apoptosis after gimatecan or irinotecan treatment, using a cell proliferation assay and flow cytometry, respectively. DNA TopI expression and critical molecules of PI3K/AKT, MAPK and apoptosis signaling pathways were analyzed with western blot. For in vivo studies, five PDXs models were treated with gimatecan or irinotecan to assess its antitumor activity. Immunohistochemistry staining of Ki-67 was performed after mice were sacrificed. Results Gimatecan inhibited the proliferation of GC cells in vitro in a dose- and time-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis, and gimatecan had greater inhibitory effects than irinotecan. In addition, both gimatecan and irinotecan demonstrated significant tumor growth inhibition in in vivo PDX models. Gimatecan treatment significantly inhibited the expression of DNA TopI, phosphorylated AKT (pAKT), phosphorylated MEK (pMEK) and phosphorylated ERK (pERK). Meanwhile, gimatecan could also activate the JNK2 and p38 MAPK pathway as indicated by upregulation of phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p-p38) and phosphorylated JNK2 (pJNK2). Conclusions For the first time, we have shown that the antitumor activity of gimatecan in GC via suppressing AKT and ERK pathway and activating JNK2 and p38 MAPK pathway, which indicated that gimatecan might be an alternative to irinotecan in the treatment of GC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-017-1360-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhua Chen
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhentao Liu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Wenwen Huang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jianling Zou
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiaoting Lin
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Beifang Li
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Dongshao Chen
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yanting Hu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Lin Shen
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
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Wu JQ, Zhai J, Li CY, Tan AM, Wei P, Shen LZ, He MF. Patient-derived xenograft in zebrafish embryos: a new platform for translational research in gastric cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:160. [PMID: 29141689 PMCID: PMC5688753 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0631-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is among the most commonly cancer occurred in Asian, especially in China. With its high heterogeneity and few of validated drug targets, GC remains to be one of the most under explored areas of precision medicine. In this study, we aimed to establish an in vivo patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model based on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, allowing for a rapid analysis of the angiogenic and invasive potentials, as well as a fast drug sensitivity testing. Methods Two human gastric cancer cell lines (AGS and SGC-7901) were xenografted into zebrafish embryos, their sensitivity to 5-FU were tested both in vitro and in vivo. Fourteen human primary cells from gastric cancer tissue were xenografted into zebrafish embryos, their proliferating, angiogenic and metastatic activities were evaluated in vivo. Sensitivity to 5-FU, docetaxel, and apatinib were also tested on primary samples from four patients. Results SGC-7901 showed higher sensitivity to 5-FU than AGS both in vitro (6.3 ± 0.9 μM vs.10.5 ± 1.8 μM) and in vivo. Nine out of fourteen patient samples were successfully transplanted in zebrafish embryos and all showed proliferating, angiogenic and metastatic potentials in the living embryos. Four cases showed varied sensitivity to the selected three chemotherapeutic drugs. Conclusions Our zebrafish PDX (zPDX) model is a preclinically reliable in vivo model for GC. The zPDX model is also a promising platform for the translational research and personalized treatment on GC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-017-0631-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhai
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Surgery Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Chong-Yong Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Min Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Zong Shen
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming-Fang He
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China.
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Jung J, Kim J, Lim HK, Kim KM, Lee YS, Park JS, Yoon DS. Establishing a colorectal cancer liver metastasis patient-derived tumor xenograft model for the evaluation of personalized chemotherapy. Ann Surg Treat Res 2017; 93:173-180. [PMID: 29094026 PMCID: PMC5658298 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2017.93.4.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In order to suggest optimal anticancer drugs for patient-tailored chemotherapy, we developed a colorectal cancer (CRC)-liver metastasis patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) model. Methods Tissue obtained from a patient with CRC-liver metastasis (F0) was transplanted in a nonobese female mouse with diabetic/severe combined immune deficiency (F1) and the tumor tissue was retransplanted into nude mice (F2). When tumor volumes reached ~500 mm3, the F2 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 4/group) of doxorubicin, cisplatin, docetaxel, and nontreated control groups. The tumor tissues were investigated using H&E staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assays, and immunohistochemistry. To determine where the mutant allele frequencies varied across the different passages, we isolated genomic DNA from the primary tumor, liver metastasis, and PDTX models (F1/F2). Results The physiological properties of the tumor were in accord with those of the patient's tumors. Anticancer drugs delayed tumor growth, inhibited proliferation, and caused apoptosis. Histological assessments revealed no observable heterogeneity among the intragenerational PDTX models. Target exon sequencing analysis without high-quality filter conditions revealed some genetic variations in the 83 cancer-related genes across the generations. However, when de novo mutations were defined as a total count of zero in F0 and ≥5 in F2, exactly prognostic impact of clone cancer profiling (EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, NRAS, APC and TP53) were detected in the paired. Conclusion A CRC liver metastasis PDTX model was established for the evaluation of chemotherapeutic efficacy. This model retained the physiological characters of the patient tumors and potentially provides a powerful means of assessing chemotherapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohee Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.,Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jisup Kim
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Lim
- Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Mee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Sun Lee
- Pancreatobiliary Cancer Clinic, Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Seong Park
- Pancreatobiliary Cancer Clinic, Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Sup Yoon
- Pancreatobiliary Cancer Clinic, Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Zhuang YP, Zhu YP, Wang HY, Sun L, Zhang J, Hao YP, Wang L. Establishment of patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) models using samples from CT-guided percutaneous biopsy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e6000. [PMID: 28538836 PMCID: PMC5479387 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of the establishment of a human cancer xenograft model using samples from computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous biopsy. Fresh tumor tissues obtained from 10 cancer patients by CT-guided percutaneous biopsy were subcutaneously inoculated into NOD-Prkdcem26Il2rgem26Nju (NCG) mice to establish human patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) models. The formation of first and second generation xenografts was observed, and tumor volume was recorded over time. Tumor tissue consistency between the PDTX model and primary tumors in patients was compared using H&E staining and immunohistochemistry. Pharmacodynamic tests of clinically used chemotherapeutic drugs were conducted on second generation xenografts, and their effects on tumor growth and body weight were observed. CT-guided percutaneous biopsy samples were successfully collected from 10 patients with advanced cancers. The PDTX model was established in mice using tumor samples obtained from 4 cancer patients, including one small cell carcinoma sample, two adenocarcinoma samples, and one squamous cell carcinoma sample. The success rate was 40%. The obtained PDTX model maintained a degree of differentiation, and morphological and structural characteristics were similar to primary tumors. The pharmacodynamic test of chemotherapeutic drugs in the PDTX model revealed a therapeutic effect on tumor growth, as expected. CT-guided percutaneous biopsy samples can be effectively used to establish a PDTX model, and test these chemotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-P Zhuang
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Cancer Institute and Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y-P Zhu
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - H-Y Wang
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Cancer Institute and Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - L Sun
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Cancer Institute and Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Cancer Institute and Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y-P Hao
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - L Wang
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Current status and perspectives of patient-derived xenograft models in cancer research. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:106. [PMID: 28499452 PMCID: PMC5427553 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0470-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers remain a major public health problem worldwide, which still require profound research in both the basic and preclinical fields. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are created when cancerous cells or tissues from patients' primary tumors are implanted into immunodeficient mice to simulate human tumor biology in vivo, which have been extensively used in cancer research. The routes of implantation appeared to affect the outcome of PDX research, and there has been increasing applications of patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models. In this review, we firstly summarize the methodology to establish PDX models and then go over recent application and function of PDX models in basic cancer research on the areas of cancer characterization, initiation, proliferation, metastasis, and tumor microenvironment and in preclinical explorations of anti-cancer targets, drugs, and therapeutic strategies and finally give our perspectives on the future prospects of PDX models.
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