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Tran TNB, Cheng HW, Xie XY, Raja JAJ, Yeh SD. Concurrent Control of Two Aphid-Borne Potyviruses in Cucurbits by Two-in-One Vaccine. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1583-1594. [PMID: 36935377 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-23-0019-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The application of attenuated viruses has been widely practiced for protecting crops from infection by related severe strains of the same species. Papaya ringspot virus W-type (PRSV W) and zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) devastate cucurbits worldwide. However, the prevailing of these two viruses in cucurbits cannot be prevented by a single protective virus. In this study, we disclosed that co-infection of horn melon plants by two mild strains, PRSV P-type (PRSV P) HA5-1 and ZYMV-ZAC (a previously developed mild mutant of ZYMV) confers concurrent protection against PRSV P and ZYMV. Consequently, mild mutants of PRSV W were created by site-directed mutagenesis through modifications of the pathogenicity motifs FRNK and PD in helper component-protease (HC-Pro). A stable PRSV W mutant WAC (PRSV-WAC) with R181I and D397N mutations in HC-Pro was generated, inducing mild mottling, followed by symptomless recovery in cucurbits. Horn melon plants pre-infected by PRSV-WAC and ZYMV-ZAC showed no apparent interference on viral accumulation with no synergistic effects on symptoms. An agroinfiltration assay of mixed HC-Pros of WACHC-Pro + ZACHC-Pro revealed no additive effect of RNA silencing suppression. PRSV-WAC or ZYMV-ZAC alone only antagonized a severe strain of homologous virus, while co-infection with these two mild strains provided complete protection against both PRSV W and ZYMV. Similar results were reproduced in muskmelon and watermelon plants, indicating the feasibility of a two-in-one vaccine for concurrent control of PRSV W and ZYMV in cucurbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Ngoc-Bich Tran
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Faculty of Agronomy, Nong Lam University-Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Hao-Wen Cheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Xing-Yun Xie
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Joseph A J Raja
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Vietnam Overseas Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Premchand U, Mesta RK, Devappa V, Basavarajappa MP, Venkataravanappa V, Narasimha Reddy LRC, Shankarappa KS. Survey, Detection, Characterization of Papaya Ringspot Virus from Southern India and Management of Papaya Ringspot Disease. Pathogens 2023; 12:824. [PMID: 37375514 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is a significant threat to global papaya cultivation, causing ringspot disease, and it belongs to the species Papaya ringspot virus, genus Potyvirus, and family Potyviridae. This study aimed to assess the occurrence and severity of papaya ringspot disease (PRSD) in major papaya-growing districts of Karnataka, India, from 2019 to 2021. The incidence of disease in the surveyed districts ranged from 50.5 to 100.0 percent, exhibiting typical PRSV symptoms. 74 PRSV infected samples were tested using specific primers in RT-PCR, confirming the presence of the virus. The complete genome sequence of a representative isolate (PRSV-BGK: OL677454) was determined, showing the highest nucleotide identity (nt) (95.8%) with the PRSV-HYD (KP743981) isolate from Telangana, India. It also shared an amino acid (aa) identity (96.5%) with the PRSV-Pune VC (MF405299) isolate from Maharashtra, India. Based on phylogenetic and species demarcation criteria, the PRSV-BGK isolate was considered a variant of the reported species and designated as PRSV-[IN:Kar:Bgk:Pap:21]. Furthermore, recombination analysis revealed four unique recombination breakpoint events in the genomic region, except for the region from HC-Pro to VPg, which is highly conserved. Interestingly, more recombination events were detected within the first 1710 nt, suggesting that the 5' UTR and P1 regions play an essential role in shaping the PRSV genome. To manage PRSD, a field experiment was conducted over two seasons, testing various treatments, including insecticides, biorationals, and a seaweed extract with micronutrients, alone or in combination. The best treatment involved eight sprays of insecticides and micronutrients at 30-day intervals, resulting in no PRSD incidence up to 180 days after transplanting (DAT). This treatment also exhibited superior growth, yield, and yield parameters, with the highest cost-benefit ratio (1:3.54) and net return. Furthermore, a module comprising 12 sprays of insecticides and micronutrients at 20-day intervals proved to be the most effective in reducing disease incidence and enhancing plant growth, flowering, and fruiting attributes, resulting in a maximized yield of 192.56 t/ha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udavatha Premchand
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot 587104, India
| | - Raghavendra K Mesta
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot 587104, India
| | - Venkatappa Devappa
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot 587104, India
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Tran TTY, Cheng HW, Nguyen VH, Yeh SD. Modification of the Helper Component Proteinase of Papaya Ringspot Virus Vietnam Isolate to Generate Attenuated Mutants for Disease Management by Cross Protection. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:334-344. [PMID: 36129763 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-22-0168-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Papaya (Carica papaya) production is seriously limited by papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) worldwide, including in Vietnam. Control of PRSV by cross protection is dependent on the availability of effective mild strains. Here, an infectious cDNA clone was constructed from PRSV isolate TG5 from South Vietnam. Site-directed mutagenesis with point mutations on the essential motifs of the helper component proteinase (HC-Pro) was performed, with or without deleting five amino acids (d5) from its N-terminal region. Mutants TG-d5, TG-d5I7, and TG-d5L206 containing d5, d5 + F7I, and d5 + F206L, respectively, induced mild mottling followed by symptomless recovery on papaya and infected Chenopodium quinoa without lesion formation. Each mutant accumulated in papaya at reduced levels with a zigzag pattern and was stable beyond six monthly passages. The cross-protection effectiveness of the three mutants in papaya against TG5 was investigated, each with 60 plants from three independent trials. The results showed that each mutant provided complete protection (100%) against TG5, 1 month after the challenge inoculation, as verified by the lack of severe symptoms and lack of local lesions in C. quinoa. Further tests revealed that TG-d5I7 also confers high levels of protection against other severe PRSV isolates from South Vietnam, including isolates DN (97%) and ST2 (50%). However, TG-d5I7 is ineffective or less effective (0 to 33%) against seven other severe PRSV strains from different geographic origins, including the isolate HN from North Vietnam. Our results indicate that the protection by the three mutants is highly strain-specific and suitable for the control of PRSV in South Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Thu-Yen Tran
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Southern Horticultural Research Institute, Tiengiang, Vietnam
| | - Hao-Wen Cheng
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Van-Hoa Nguyen
- Southern Horticultural Research Institute, Tiengiang, Vietnam
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Vietnam Overseas Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Tran TTY, Lin TT, Chang CP, Chen CH, Nguyen VH, Yeh SD. Generation of Mild Recombinants of Papaya Ringspot Virus to Minimize the Problem of Strain-Specific Cross-Protection. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:708-719. [PMID: 34384243 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-21-0272-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) causes severe damage to papaya (Carica papaya L.) and is the primary limiting factor for papaya production worldwide. A nitrous acid-induced mild strain, PRSV HA 5-1, derived from Hawaii strain HA, has been applied to control PRSV by cross-protection for decades. However, the problem of strain-specific protection hampers its application in Taiwan and other geographic regions outside Hawaii. Here, sequence comparison of the genomic sequence of HA 5-1 with that of HA revealed 69 nucleotide changes, resulting in 31 aa changes, of which 16 aa are structurally different. The multiple mutations of HA 5-1 are considered to result from nitrous acid induction because 86% of nucleotide changes are transition mutations. The stable HA 5-1 was used as a backbone to generate recombinants carrying individual 3' fragments of Vietnam severe strain TG5, including NIa, NIb, and CP3' regions, individually or in combination. Our results indicated that the best heterologous fragment for the recombinant is the region of CP3', with which symptom attenuation of the recombinant is like that of HA 5-1. This mild recombinant HA51/TG5-CP3' retained high levels of protection against the homologous HA in papaya plants and significantly increased the protection against the heterologous TG-5. Similarly, HA 5-1 recombinants carrying individual CP3' fragments from Thailand SMK, Taiwan YK, and Vietnam ST2 severe strains also significantly increase protection against the corresponding heterologous strains in papaya plants. Thus, our recombinant approach for mild strain generation is a fast and effective way to minimize the problem of strain-specific protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Thu-Yen Tran
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Southern Horticultural Research Institute, TienGiang, Vietnam
| | - Tzu-Tung Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chung-Ping Chang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Hung Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Van-Hoa Nguyen
- Southern Horticultural Research Institute, TienGiang, Vietnam
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Vietnam Overseas Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Kumar KK, Varanavasiappan S, Arul L, Kokiladevi E, Sudhakar D. Strategies for Efficient RNAi-Based Gene Silencing of Viral Genes for Disease Resistance in Plants. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2408:23-35. [PMID: 35325414 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1875-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionarily conserved gene silencing mechanism in eukaryotes including fungi, plants, and animals. In plants, gene silencing regulates gene expression, provides genome stability, and protect against invading viruses. During plant virus interaction, viral genome derived siRNAs (vsiRNA) are produced to mediate gene silencing of viral genes to prevent virus multiplication. After the discovery of RNAi phenomenon in eukaryotes, it is used as a powerful tool to engineer plant viral disease resistance against both RNA and DNA viruses. Despite several successful reports on employing RNA silencing methods to engineer plant for viral disease resistance, only a few of them have reached the commercial stage owing to lack of complete protection against the intended virus. Based on the knowledge accumulated over the years on genetic engineering for viral disease resistance, there is scope for effective viral disease control through careful design of RNAi gene construct. The selection of target viral gene(s) for developing the hairpin RNAi (hp-RNAi) construct is very critical for effective protection against the viral disease. Different approaches and bioinformatics tools which can be employed for effective target selection are discussed. The selection of suitable target regions for RNAi vector construction can help to achieve a high level of transgenic virus resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krish K Kumar
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shanmugam Varanavasiappan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Loganathan Arul
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Easwaran Kokiladevi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Duraialagaraja Sudhakar
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Saleem A, Ali Z, Yeh SD, Saeed W, Binat Imdad A, Akbar MF, Goodman RE, Naseem S. Genetic variability and evolutionary dynamics of atypical Papaya ringspot virus infecting Papaya. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258298. [PMID: 34637470 PMCID: PMC8509892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Papaya ringspot virus biotype-P is a detrimental pathogen of economically important papaya and cucurbits worldwide. The mutation prone feature of this virus perhaps accounts for its geographical dissemination. In this study, investigations of the atypical PRSV-P strain was conducted based on phylogenetic, recombination and genetic differentiation analyses considering of it's likely spread across India and Bangladesh. Full length genomic sequences of 38 PRSV isolates and 35 CP gene sequences were subjected to recombination analysis. A total of 61 recombination events were detected in aligned complete PRSV genome sequences. 3 events were detected in complete genome of PRSV strain PK whereas one was in its CP gene sequence. The PRSV-PK appeared to be recombinant of a major parent from Bangladesh. However, the genetic differentiation based on full length genomic sequences revealed less frequent gene flow between virus PRSV-PK and the population from America, India, Colombia, other Asian Countries and Australia. Whereas, frequent gene flow exists between Pakistan and Bangladesh virus populations. These results provided evidence correlating geographical position and genetic distances. We speculate that the genetic variations and evolutionary dynamics of this virus may challenge the resistance developed in papaya against PRSV and give rise to virus lineage because of its atypical emergence where geographic spread is already occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Saleem
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Pharming Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Ali
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Pharming Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wajeeha Saeed
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Pharming Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amna Binat Imdad
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Pharming Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faheem Akbar
- Department of Agriculture and Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Richard E. Goodman
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Saadia Naseem
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Pharming Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
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7
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Kaur R, Choudhury A, Chauhan S, Ghosh A, Tiwari R, Rajam MV. RNA interference and crop protection against biotic stresses. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2357-2377. [PMID: 34744371 PMCID: PMC8526635 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a universal phenomenon of RNA silencing or gene silencing with broader implications in important physiological and developmental processes of most eukaryotes, including plants. Small RNA (sRNA) are the critical drivers of the RNAi machinery that ensures down-regulation of the target genes in a homology-dependent manner and includes small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and micro RNAs (miRNAs). Plant researchers across the globe have exploited the powerful technique of RNAi to execute targeted suppression of desired genes in important crop plants, with an intent to improve crop protection against pathogens and pests for sustainable crop production. Biotic stresses cause severe losses to the agricultural productivity leading to food insecurity for future generations. RNAi has majorly contributed towards the development of designer crops that are resilient towards the various biotic stresses such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, insect pests, and nematodes. This review summarizes the recent progress made in the RNAi-mediated strategies against these biotic stresses, along with new insights on the future directions in research involving RNAi for crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Kaur
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Aparajita Choudhury
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Sambhavana Chauhan
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Arundhati Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Ruby Tiwari
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Manchikatla Venkat Rajam
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021 India
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Zhao Y, Yang X, Zhou G, Zhang T. Engineering plant virus resistance: from RNA silencing to genome editing strategies. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:328-336. [PMID: 31618513 PMCID: PMC6953188 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Viral diseases severely affect crop yield and quality, thereby threatening global food security. Genetic improvement of plant virus resistance is essential for sustainable agriculture. In the last decades, several modern technologies were applied in plant antiviral engineering. Here we summarized breakthroughs of the two major antiviral strategies, RNA silencing and genome editing. RNA silencing strategy has been used in antiviral breeding for more than thirty years, and many crops engineered to stably express small RNAs targeting various viruses have been approved for commercial release. Genome editing technology has emerged in the past decade, especially CRISPR/Cas, which provides new methods for genetic improvement of plant virus resistance and accelerates resistance breeding. Finally, we discuss the potential of these technologies for breeding crops, and the challenges and solutions they may face in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Zhao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease ControlCollege of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xin Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease ControlCollege of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guohui Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease ControlCollege of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tong Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease ControlCollege of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Integrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Singh K, Dardick C, Kumar Kundu J. RNAi-Mediated Resistance Against Viruses in Perennial Fruit Plants. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100359. [PMID: 31546695 PMCID: PMC6843808 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Small RNAs (sRNAs) are 20–30-nucleotide-long, regulatory, noncoding RNAs that induce silencing of target genes at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. They are key components for cellular functions during plant development, hormone signaling, and stress responses. Generated from the cleavage of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) or RNAs with hairpin structures by Dicer-like proteins (DCLs), they are loaded onto Argonaute (AGO) protein complexes to induce gene silencing of their complementary targets by promoting messenger RNA (mRNA) cleavage or degradation, translation inhibition, DNA methylation, and/or histone modifications. This mechanism of regulating RNA activity, collectively referred to as RNA interference (RNAi), which is an evolutionarily conserved process in eukaryotes. Plant RNAi pathways play a fundamental role in plant immunity against viruses and have been exploited via genetic engineering to control disease. Plant viruses of RNA origin that contain double-stranded RNA are targeted by the RNA-silencing machinery to produce virus-derived small RNAs (vsRNAs). Some vsRNAs serve as an effector to repress host immunity by capturing host RNAi pathways. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) strategies have been used to identify endogenous sRNA profiles, the “sRNAome”, and analyze expression in various perennial plants. Therefore, the review examines the current knowledge of sRNAs in perennial plants and fruits, describes the development and implementation of RNA interference (RNAi) in providing resistance against economically important viruses, and explores sRNA targets that are important in regulating a variety of biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwant Singh
- Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague 161 06, Czech Republic.
| | - Chris Dardick
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA.
| | - Jiban Kumar Kundu
- Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague 161 06, Czech Republic.
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Mishra R, Patil S, Patil A, Patil BL. Sequence diversity studies of papaya ringspot virus isolates in South India reveal higher variability and recombination in the 5'-terminal gene sequences. Virusdisease 2019; 30:261-268. [PMID: 31179365 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-019-00512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is one of the most devastating viruses which causes huge damage to papaya plantations across the globe. PRSV is a positive sense RNA virus encoding for a polyprotein that is processed into ten proteins. In this study for the first time we analyzed the variability for 15 PRSV isolates from a selected geographical region of a South Indian state Karnataka, which is under intensive papaya cultivation. Variability studies were done for two genes at the 5' end of the viral genome, namely P1 and helper component proteinase (Hc-Pro) and towards the 3' end, a 788 nt overlapping region of nuclear inclusion B (NIb, 692 nt) and of capsid protein (CP, 96 nt), referred as NIb-CP. Our studies indicate that the P1 is most variable region with a wider range of sequence identity, followed by Hc-Pro, while the 788 nt of NIb-CP was most conserved. P1 also showed maximum recombination events followed by Hc-Pro, whereas NIb-CP did not show any recombination. Further, the pattern and number of phylogenetic clusters was variable for each of the three genomic regions of PRSV isolates. Estimation of selection pressure for all the three PRSV genomic regions indicated negative and purifying selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Mishra
- 1ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, IARI Campus, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Sharana Patil
- 2University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka India
| | | | - Basavaprabhu L Patil
- 1ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, IARI Campus, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012 India
- 3ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, 560089 India
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Kim HB, Lee Y, Kim CG. Research status of the development of genetically modified papaya (Carica papaya L.) and its biosafety assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5010/jpb.2018.45.3.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Bang Kim
- Life Sciences Research Institute, Biomedic Co., Ltd., Bucheon 14548, Korea
| | - Yi Lee
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Kim
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Korea
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12
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Poque S, Wu HW, Huang CH, Cheng HW, Hu WC, Yang JY, Wang D, Yeh SD. Potyviral Gene-Silencing Suppressor HCPro Interacts with Salicylic Acid (SA)-Binding Protein 3 to Weaken SA-Mediated Defense Responses. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:86-100. [PMID: 29090655 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-17-0128-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The viral infection process is a battle between host defense response and pathogen antagonizing action. Several studies have established a tight link between the viral RNA silencing suppressor (RSS) and the repression of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defense responses, nonetheless host factors directly linking an RSS and the SA pathway remains unidentified. From yeast two-hybrid analysis, we identified an interaction between the potyviral RSS helper-component proteinase (HCPro) and SA-binding protein SABP3. Co-localization and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analyses validated the direct in vivo interaction between Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) HCPro and the Arabidopsis homologue of SABP3, AtCA1. Additionally, transient expression of TuMV HCPro demonstrated its ability to act as a negative regulator of AtCA1. When the plants of the AtCA1 knockout mutant line were inoculated with TuMV, our results indicated that AtCA1 is essential to restrict viral spreading and accumulation, induce SA accumulation, and trigger the SA pathway. Unexpectedly, the AtCA1 overexpression line also displayed a similar phenotype, suggesting that the constitutive expression of AtCA1 antagonizes the SA pathway. Taken together, our results depict AtCA1 as an essential regulator of SA defense responses. Moreover, the interaction of potyviral HCPro with this regulator compromises the SA pathway to weaken host defense responses and facilitate viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Poque
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hui-Wen Wu
- 2 Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University
| | - Chung-Hao Huang
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hao-Wen Cheng
- 3 NCHU-UCD Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University
| | - Wen-Chi Hu
- 3 NCHU-UCD Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University
| | - Jun-Yi Yang
- 4 Institute of Biochemistry, National Chung-Hsing University; and
| | - David Wang
- 5 Department of Forestry, National Chung-Hsing University
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan, R.O.C
- 2 Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University
- 3 NCHU-UCD Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University
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Jia R, Zhao H, Huang J, Kong H, Zhang Y, Guo J, Huang Q, Guo Y, Wei Q, Zuo J, Zhu YJ, Peng M, Guo A. Use of RNAi technology to develop a PRSV-resistant transgenic papaya. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12636. [PMID: 28974762 PMCID: PMC5626737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) seriously limits papaya (Carica papaya L.) production in tropical and subtropical areas throughout the world. Coat protein (CP)- transgenic papaya lines resistant to PRSV isolates in the sequence-homology-dependent manner have been developed in the U.S.A. and Taiwan. A previous investigation revealed that genetic divergence among Hainan isolates of PRSV has allowed the virus to overcome the CP-mediated transgenic resistance. In this study, we designed a comprehensive RNAi strategy targeting the conserved domain of the PRSV CP gene to develop a broader-spectrum transgenic resistance to the Hainan PRSV isolates. We used an optimized particle-bombardment transformation system to produce RNAi-CP-transgenic papaya lines. Southern blot analysis and Droplet Digital PCR revealed that line 474 contained a single transgene insert. Challenging this line with different viruses (PRSV I, II and III subgroup) under greenhouse conditions validated the transgenic resistance of line 474 to the Hainan isolates. Northern blot analysis detected the siRNAs products in virus-free transgenic papaya tissue culture seedlings. The siRNAs also accumulated in PRSV infected transgenic papaya lines. Our results indicated that this transgenic papaya line has a useful application against PRSV in the major growing area of Hainan, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizong Jia
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, 571101, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, 96797, Waipahu, HI, USA
| | - Hui Zhao
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, 571101, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, 571101, Haikou, Hainan, China
- School of Basic and Life Science, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Hua Kong
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, 571101, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, 571101, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jingyuan Guo
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, 571101, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qixing Huang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, 571101, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yunling Guo
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, 571101, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, 571101, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Institute of Banana and Plantain, Haikou Substation, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, 570102, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jiao Zuo
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, 571101, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yun J Zhu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, 571101, Haikou, Hainan, China.
- Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, 96797, Waipahu, HI, USA.
| | - Ming Peng
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, 571101, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Anping Guo
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, 571101, Haikou, Hainan, China.
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Khalid A, Zhang Q, Yasir M, Li F. Small RNA Based Genetic Engineering for Plant Viral Resistance: Application in Crop Protection. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:43. [PMID: 28167936 PMCID: PMC5253543 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small RNAs regulate a large set of gene expression in all plants and constitute a natural immunity against viruses. Small RNA based genetic engineering (SRGE) technology had been explored for crop protection against viruses for nearly 30 years. Viral resistance has been developed in diverse crops with SRGE technology and a few viral resistant crops have been approved for commercial release. In this review we summarized the efforts generating viral resistance with SRGE in different crops, analyzed the evolution of the technology, its efficacy in different crops for different viruses and its application status in different crops. The challenge and potential solution for application of SRGE in crop protection are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
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15
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Zhao H, Jia RZ, Zhang YL, Zhu YJ, Zeng HC, Kong H, McCafferty H, Guo AP, Peng M. Geographical and Genetic Divergence Among Papaya ringspot virus Populations Within Hainan Province, China. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2016; 106:937-944. [PMID: 27070425 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-15-0111-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) severely affects the global papaya industry. Transgenic papaya has been proven to have effective resistance to PRSV isolates from Hawaii, Thailand, Taiwan, and other countries. However, those transgenic cultivars failed to show resistance to Hainan Island isolates. Some 76 PRSV samples, representative of all traditional papaya planting areas across five cities (Wen Chang, n = 13; Cheng Mai, n = 14; Chang Jiang, n = 11; Le Dong, n = 25; and San Ya, n = 13) within Hainan Province, were investigated. Results revealed three genetic diversity groups (Hainan I, II, and III) that correlated with geographical distribution. Frequent mutations among PRSV isolates from Hainan were also observed. The high genetic divergence in PRSV isolates from Hainan is likely to be the cause of the failure of genetically modified papaya that targets sequence-specific virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- First author: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China 570228; first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, and ninth authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, and Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China 571101; and second, fourth, and seventh authors: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Waipahu 96797
| | - Rui Zong Jia
- First author: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China 570228; first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, and ninth authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, and Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China 571101; and second, fourth, and seventh authors: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Waipahu 96797
| | - Yu-Liang Zhang
- First author: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China 570228; first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, and ninth authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, and Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China 571101; and second, fourth, and seventh authors: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Waipahu 96797
| | - Yun Judy Zhu
- First author: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China 570228; first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, and ninth authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, and Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China 571101; and second, fourth, and seventh authors: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Waipahu 96797
| | - Hui-Cai Zeng
- First author: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China 570228; first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, and ninth authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, and Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China 571101; and second, fourth, and seventh authors: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Waipahu 96797
| | - Hua Kong
- First author: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China 570228; first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, and ninth authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, and Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China 571101; and second, fourth, and seventh authors: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Waipahu 96797
| | - Heather McCafferty
- First author: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China 570228; first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, and ninth authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, and Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China 571101; and second, fourth, and seventh authors: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Waipahu 96797
| | - An-Ping Guo
- First author: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China 570228; first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, and ninth authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, and Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China 571101; and second, fourth, and seventh authors: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Waipahu 96797
| | - Ming Peng
- First author: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China 570228; first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, and ninth authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, and Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China 571101; and second, fourth, and seventh authors: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Waipahu 96797
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Complete Genome Sequence of Papaya Ringspot Virus Isolated from Genetically Modified Papaya in Hainan Island, China. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/5/e01056-15. [PMID: 26358610 PMCID: PMC4566192 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01056-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome sequence (10,326 nucleotides) of a papaya ringspot virus isolate infecting genetically modified papaya in Hainan Island of China was determined through reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. The virus shares 92% nucleotide sequence identity with the isolate that is unable to infect PRSV-resistant transgenic papaya.
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