1
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Caliendo F, Vitu E, Wang J, Kuo SH, Sandt H, Enghuus CN, Tordoff J, Estrada N, Collins JJ, Weiss R. Customizable gene sensing and response without altering endogenous coding sequences. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01733-y. [PMID: 39266721 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic biology aims to modify cellular behaviors by implementing genetic circuits that respond to changes in cell state. Integrating genetic biosensors into endogenous gene coding sequences using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and Cas9 enables interrogation of gene expression dynamics in the appropriate chromosomal context. However, embedding a biosensor into a gene coding sequence may unpredictably alter endogenous gene regulation. To address this challenge, we developed an approach to integrate genetic biosensors into endogenous genes without modifying their coding sequence by inserting into their terminator region single-guide RNAs that activate downstream circuits. Sensor dosage responses can be fine-tuned and predicted through a mathematical model. We engineered a cell stress sensor and actuator in CHO-K1 cells that conditionally activates antiapoptotic protein BCL-2 through a downstream circuit, thereby increasing cell survival under stress conditions. Our gene sensor and actuator platform has potential use for a wide range of applications that include biomanufacturing, cell fate control and cell-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Caliendo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elvira Vitu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Junmin Wang
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuo-Hsiu Kuo
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hayden Sandt
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Casper Nørskov Enghuus
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jesse Tordoff
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Neslly Estrada
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James J Collins
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ron Weiss
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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2
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Röth S, Kocaturk NM, Sathyamurthi PS, Carton B, Watt M, Macartney TJ, Chan KH, Isidro-Llobet A, Konopacka A, Queisser MA, Sapkota GP. Identification of KLHDC2 as an efficient proximity-induced degrader of K-RAS, STK33, β-catenin, and FoxP3. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1261-1276.e7. [PMID: 37591251 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD), induced by enforcing target proximity to an E3 ubiquitin ligase using small molecules has become an important drug discovery approach for targeting previously undruggable disease-causing proteins. However, out of over 600 E3 ligases encoded by the human genome, just over 10 E3 ligases are currently utilized for TPD. Here, using the affinity-directed protein missile (AdPROM) system, in which an anti-GFP nanobody was linked to an E3 ligase, we screened over 30 E3 ligases for their ability to degrade 4 target proteins, K-RAS, STK33, β-catenin, and FoxP3, which were endogenously GFP-tagged. Several new E3 ligases, including CUL2 diGly receptor KLHDC2, emerged as effective degraders, suggesting that these E3 ligases can be taken forward for the development of small-molecule degraders, such as proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs). As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that a KLHDC2-recruiting peptide-based PROTAC connected to chloroalkane is capable of degrading HALO-GFP protein in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Röth
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Nur Mehpare Kocaturk
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Preethi S Sathyamurthi
- Protein Degradation Group, Medicines Research Centre, GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, UK
| | - Bill Carton
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Matthew Watt
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Thomas J Macartney
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Kwok-Ho Chan
- Protein Degradation Group, Medicines Research Centre, GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, UK
| | - Albert Isidro-Llobet
- Chemical Biology, Medicines Research Centre, GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, UK
| | - Agnieszka Konopacka
- Protein Degradation Group, Medicines Research Centre, GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, UK
| | - Markus A Queisser
- Protein Degradation Group, Medicines Research Centre, GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, UK
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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3
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Zhou L, Yao S. Recent advances in therapeutic CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing: mechanisms and applications. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:10. [PMID: 37027099 PMCID: PMC10080534 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 derived editing tools had significantly improved our ability to make desired changes in the genome. Wild-type Cas9 protein recognizes the target genomic loci and induced local double strand breaks (DSBs) in the guidance of small RNA molecule. In mammalian cells, the DSBs are mainly repaired by endogenous non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway, which is error prone and results in the formation of indels. The indels can be harnessed to interrupt gene coding sequences or regulation elements. The DSBs can also be fixed by homology directed repair (HDR) pathway to introduce desired changes, such as base substitution and fragment insertion, when proper donor templates are provided, albeit in a less efficient manner. Besides making DSBs, Cas9 protein can be mutated to serve as a DNA binding platform to recruit functional modulators to the target loci, performing local transcriptional regulation, epigenetic remolding, base editing or prime editing. These Cas9 derived editing tools, especially base editors and prime editors, can introduce precise changes into the target loci at a single-base resolution and in an efficient and irreversible manner. Such features make these editing tools very promising for therapeutic applications. This review focuses on the evolution and mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas9 derived editing tools and their applications in the field of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zhou
- Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Renmin Nanlu 17, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaohua Yao
- Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Renmin Nanlu 17, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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4
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Medwig-Kinney TN, Sirota SS, Gibney TV, Pani AM, Matus DQ. An in vivo toolkit to visualize endogenous LAG-2/Delta and LIN-12/Notch signaling in C. elegans. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2022; 2022:10.17912/micropub.biology.000602. [PMID: 35966395 PMCID: PMC9372767 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Notch/Delta signaling regulates numerous cell-cell interactions that occur during development, homeostasis, and in disease states. In many cases, the Notch/Delta pathway mediates lateral inhibition between cells to specify alternative fates. Here, we provide new tools for use in C. elegans to investigate feedback between the Notch receptor LIN-12 and the ligand LAG-2 (Delta) in vivo . We report new, endogenously tagged strains to visualize LAG-2 protein and lag-2 transcription, which we combined with endogenously tagged LIN-12 to visualize Notch and Delta dynamics over the course of a stochastic Notch-mediated cell fate decision. To validate these tools in a functional context, we demonstrated that our endogenous lag-2 transcriptional reporter was expressed in ectopic anchor and primary vulval precursor cells after auxin-mediated depletion of LIN-12. This toolkit provides new reagents for the C. elegans research community to further investigate Notch/Delta signaling mechanisms and functions for this pathway in vivo .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sydney S Sirota
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- current address, Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, NY, USA
| | - Theresa V Gibney
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ariel M Pani
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - David Q Matus
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- D.Q.M. is a paid consultant of Arcadia Science
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Batool A, Malik F, Andrabi KI. Expansion of the CRISPR/Cas Genome-Sculpting Toolbox: Innovations, Applications and Challenges. Mol Diagn Ther 2020; 25:41-57. [PMID: 33185860 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-020-00500-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of the versatile gene-editing technology using programmable sequence-specific endonuclease system (CRISPR-Cas9) has instigated a major upheaval in biomedical research. In a brief span of time, CRISPR/Cas has been adopted by research labs around the globe because of its potential for significant progress and applicability in terms of efficiency, versatility and simplicity. It is a breakthrough technique for systematic genetic engineering, genome labelling, epigenetic and transcriptional modulation, and multiplexed gene editing, amongst others. This review provides an illustrative overview of the current research trends using CRISPR/Cas technology. We highlight the latest developments in CRISPR/Cas technique including CRISPR imaging, discovery of novel CRISPR systems, and applications in altering the genome, epigenome or RNA in different organisms. Finally, we address the potential challenges of this technique for its future use. Development of new CRISPR/Cas systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiya Batool
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Branch Srinagar, Jammu, J&K, 190005, India. .,Department of Biotechnology, Science Block, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India.
| | - Fayaz Malik
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Branch Srinagar, Jammu, J&K, 190005, India
| | - Khurshid Iqbal Andrabi
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Block, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
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6
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Dimond A, Van de Pette M, Fisher AG. Illuminating Epigenetics and Inheritance in the Immune System with Bioluminescence. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:994-1005. [PMID: 33036908 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable process of light emission by living organisms has fascinated mankind for thousands of years. A recent expansion in the repertoire of catalytic luciferase enzymes, coupled with the discovery of the genes and pathways that encode different luciferin substrates, means that bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is set to revolutionize longitudinal and dynamic studies of gene control within biomedicine, including the regulation of immune responses. In this review article, we summarize recent advances in bioluminescence-based imaging approaches that promise to enlighten our understanding of in vivo gene and epigenetic control within the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dimond
- Lymphocyte Development Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mathew Van de Pette
- Epigenetic Mechanisms of Toxicity, MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Amanda G Fisher
- Lymphocyte Development Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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7
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Hutchinson LD, Darling NJ, Nicolaou S, Gori I, Squair DR, Cohen P, Hill CS, Sapkota GP. Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) regulate TGFβ-mediated transcriptional and apoptotic responses. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:49. [PMID: 31969556 PMCID: PMC6976658 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The signalling pathways initiated by members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family of cytokines control many metazoan cellular processes, including proliferation and differentiation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis. TGFβ signalling is therefore strictly regulated to ensure appropriate context-dependent physiological responses. In an attempt to identify novel regulatory components of the TGFβ signalling pathway, we performed a pharmacological screen by using a cell line engineered to report the endogenous transcription of the TGFβ-responsive target gene PAI-1. The screen revealed that small molecule inhibitors of salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) attenuate TGFβ-mediated transcription of PAI-1 without affecting receptor-mediated SMAD phosphorylation, SMAD complex formation or nuclear translocation. We provide evidence that genetic inactivation of SIK isoforms also attenuates TGFβ-dependent transcriptional responses. Pharmacological inhibition of SIKs by using multiple small-molecule inhibitors potentiated apoptotic cell death induced by TGFβ stimulation. Our data therefore provide evidence for a novel function of SIKs in modulating TGFβ-mediated transcriptional and cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke D Hutchinson
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Nicola J Darling
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Stephanos Nicolaou
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Ilaria Gori
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Daniel R Squair
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Philip Cohen
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Caroline S Hill
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
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8
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Ngidi NPD, Ollengo MA, Nyamori VO. Tuning the properties of boron-doped reduced graphene oxide by altering the boron content. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03909h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Boron-doping enhanced the occurrence of the energy bandgap, the pore structure and interfacial charge transfer characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonjabulo P. D. Ngidi
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Westville Campus
- Durban 4000
- South Africa
| | - Moses A. Ollengo
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Westville Campus
- Durban 4000
- South Africa
| | - Vincent O. Nyamori
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Westville Campus
- Durban 4000
- South Africa
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9
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Bahrami S, Amiri-Yekta A, Daneshipour A, Jazayeri SH, Mozdziak PE, Sanati MH, Gourabi H. Designing A Transgenic Chicken: Applying New Approaches toward A Promising Bioreactor. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 22:133-139. [PMID: 31721526 PMCID: PMC6874784 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Specific developmental characteristics of the chicken make it an attractive model for the generation of transgenic organisms. Chicken possess a strong potential for recombinant protein production and can be used as a powerful bioreactor to produce pharmaceutical and nutritional proteins. Several transgenic chickens have been generated during the last two decades via viral and non-viral transfection. Culturing chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) and their ability for germline transmission ushered in a new stage in this regard. With the advent of CRISPR/Cas9 system, a new phase of studies for manipulating genomes has begun. It is feasible to integrate a desired gene in a predetermined position of the genome using CRISPR/Cas9 system. In this review, we discuss the new approaches and technologies that can be applied to generate a transgenic chicken with regards to recombinant protein productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salahadin Bahrami
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Amiri-Yekta
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Daneshipour
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Hoda Jazayeri
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein Sanati
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.Electronic Address: .,Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Gourabi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
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10
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Wu KZL, Jones RA, Tachie-Menson T, Macartney TJ, Wood NT, Varghese J, Gourlay R, Soares RF, Smith JC, Sapkota GP. Pathogenic FAM83G palmoplantar keratoderma mutations inhibit the PAWS1:CK1α association and attenuate Wnt signalling. Wellcome Open Res 2019. [PMID: 31656861 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15403.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Two recessive mutations in the FAM83G gene, causing A34E and R52P amino acid substitutions in the DUF1669 domain of the PAWS1 protein, are associated with palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) in humans and dogs respectively. We have previously reported that PAWS1 associates with the Ser/Thr protein kinase CK1α through the DUF1669 domain to mediate canonical Wnt signalling. Methods: Co-immunoprecipitation was used to investigate possible changes to PAWS1 interactors caused by the mutations. We also compared the stability of wild-type and mutant PAWS1 in cycloheximide-treated cells. Effects on Wnt signalling were determined using the TOPflash luciferase reporter assay in U2OS cells expressing PAWS1 mutant proteins. The ability of PAWS1 to induce axis duplication in Xenopus embryos was also tested. Finally, we knocked-in the A34E mutation at the native gene locus and measured Wnt-induced AXIN2 gene expression by RT-qPCR. Results: We show that these PAWS1 A34E and PAWS1 R52P mutants fail to interact with CK1α but, like the wild-type protein, do interact with CD2AP and SMAD1. Like cells carrying a PAWS1 F296A mutation, which also abolishes CK1α binding, cells carrying the A34E and R52P mutants respond poorly to Wnt signalling to an extent resembling that observed in FAM83G gene knockout cells. Consistent with this observation, these mutants, in contrast to the wild-type protein, fail to induce axis duplication in Xenopus embryos. We also found that the A34E and R52P mutant proteins are less abundant than the native protein and appear to be less stable, both when overexpressed in FAM83G-knockout cells and when knocked-in at the native FAM83G locus. Ala 34 of PAWS1 is conserved in all FAM83 proteins and mutating the equivalent residue in FAM83H (A31E) also abolishes interaction with CK1 isoforms. Conclusions: We propose that mutations in PAWS1 cause PPK pathogenesis through disruption of the CK1α interaction and attenuation of Wnt signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Z L Wu
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Theresa Tachie-Menson
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Thomas J Macartney
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Nicola T Wood
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Joby Varghese
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Robert Gourlay
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Renata F Soares
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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11
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Fulcher LJ, He Z, Mei L, Macartney TJ, Wood NT, Prescott AR, Whigham AJ, Varghese J, Gourlay R, Ball G, Clarke R, Campbell DG, Maxwell CA, Sapkota GP. FAM83D directs protein kinase CK1α to the mitotic spindle for proper spindle positioning. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e47495. [PMID: 31338967 PMCID: PMC6726907 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201847495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The concerted action of many protein kinases helps orchestrate the error-free progression through mitosis of mammalian cells. The roles and regulation of some prominent mitotic kinases, such as cyclin-dependent kinases, are well established. However, these and other known mitotic kinases alone cannot account for the extent of protein phosphorylation that has been reported during mammalian mitosis. Here we demonstrate that CK1α, of the casein kinase 1 family of protein kinases, localises to the spindle and is required for proper spindle positioning and timely cell division. CK1α is recruited to the spindle by FAM83D, and cells devoid of FAM83D, or those harbouring CK1α-binding-deficient FAM83DF283A/F283A knockin mutations, display pronounced spindle positioning defects, and a prolonged mitosis. Restoring FAM83D at the endogenous locus in FAM83D-/- cells, or artificially delivering CK1α to the spindle in FAM83DF283A/F283A cells, rescues these defects. These findings implicate CK1α as new mitotic kinase that orchestrates the kinetics and orientation of cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Fulcher
- Medical Research CouncilProtein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Zhengcheng He
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research ProgramBritish Columbia Children's HospitalUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Lin Mei
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research ProgramBritish Columbia Children's HospitalUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Thomas J Macartney
- Medical Research CouncilProtein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Nicola T Wood
- Medical Research CouncilProtein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Alan R Prescott
- Dundee Imaging FacilitySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Arlene J Whigham
- Flow Cytometry and Sorting FacilitySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Joby Varghese
- Medical Research CouncilProtein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Robert Gourlay
- Medical Research CouncilProtein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Graeme Ball
- Dundee Imaging FacilitySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Rosemary Clarke
- Flow Cytometry and Sorting FacilitySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - David G Campbell
- Medical Research CouncilProtein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Christopher A Maxwell
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research ProgramBritish Columbia Children's HospitalUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research CouncilProtein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
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12
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Popow O, Paulo JA, Tatham MH, Volk MS, Rojas-Fernandez A, Loyer N, Newton IP, Januschke J, Haigis KM, Näthke I. Identification of Endogenous Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Interaction Partners and β-Catenin-Independent Targets by Proteomics. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1828-1841. [PMID: 31160382 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) is the most frequently mutated gene in colorectal cancer. APC negatively regulates the Wnt signaling pathway by promoting the degradation of β-catenin, but the extent to which APC exerts Wnt/β-catenin-independent tumor-suppressive activity is unclear. To identify interaction partners and β-catenin-independent targets of endogenous, full-length APC, we applied label-free and multiplexed tandem mass tag-based mass spectrometry. Affinity enrichment-mass spectrometry identified more than 150 previously unidentified APC interaction partners. Moreover, our global proteomic analysis revealed that roughly half of the protein expression changes that occur in response to APC loss are independent of β-catenin. Combining these two analyses, we identified Misshapen-like kinase 1 (MINK1) as a putative substrate of an APC-containing destruction complex. We validated the interaction between endogenous MINK1 and APC and further confirmed the negative, and β-catenin-independent, regulation of MINK1 by APC. Increased Mink1/Msn levels were also observed in mouse intestinal tissue and Drosophila follicular cells expressing mutant Apc/APC when compared with wild-type tissue/cells. Collectively, our results highlight the extent and importance of Wnt-independent APC functions in epithelial biology and disease. IMPLICATIONS: The tumor-suppressive function of APC, the most frequently mutated gene in colorectal cancer, is mainly attributed to its role in β-catenin/Wnt signaling. Our study substantially expands the list of APC interaction partners and reveals that approximately half of the changes in the cellular proteome induced by loss of APC function are mediated by β-catenin-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesja Popow
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - João A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael H Tatham
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie S Volk
- Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe) and Institute of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Nicolas Loyer
- Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ian P Newton
- Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Januschke
- Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M Haigis
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Digestive Disease Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Inke Näthke
- Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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13
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Nash A, Urdaneta GM, Beaghton AK, Hoermann A, Papathanos PA, Christophides GK, Windbichler N. Integral gene drives for population replacement. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio037762. [PMID: 30498016 PMCID: PMC6361204 DOI: 10.1242/bio.037762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A first generation of CRISPR-based gene drives has now been tested in the laboratory in a number of organisms, including malaria vector mosquitoes. Challenges for their use in the area-wide genetic control of vector-borne disease have been identified, including the development of target site resistance, their long-term efficacy in the field, their molecular complexity, and practical and legal limitations for field testing of both gene drive and coupled anti-pathogen traits. We have evaluated theoretically the concept of integral gene drive (IGD) as an alternative paradigm for population replacement. IGDs incorporate a minimal set of molecular components, including drive and anti-pathogen effector elements directly embedded within endogenous genes - an arrangement that in theory allows targeting functionally conserved coding sequences without disrupting their function. Autonomous and non-autonomous IGD strains could be generated, optimized, regulated and imported independently. We performed quantitative modeling comparing IGDs with classical replacement drives and show that selection for the function of the hijacked host gene can significantly reduce the establishment of resistant alleles in the population, while drive occurring at multiple genomic loci prolongs the duration of transmission blockage in the face of pre-existing target site variation. IGD thus has potential as a more durable and flexible population replacement strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Nash
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Giulia Mignini Urdaneta
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andrea K Beaghton
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Astrid Hoermann
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Philippos Aris Papathanos
- Centre of Functional Genomics, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
- Department of Entomology, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - George K Christophides
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nikolai Windbichler
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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14
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Hutchinson LD, Bozatzi P, Macartney T, Sapkota GP. Generation of Endogenous BMP Transcriptional Reporter Cells Through CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1891:29-35. [PMID: 30414124 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8904-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional reporter systems allow researchers to investigate the function and regulation of transcription factors. Conventional systems employ artificial cDNA overexpression vectors containing either a promoter fragment or specific nucleotide sequence repeats upstream of firefly luciferase or fluorescent reporters, such as green fluorescence protein (GFP) cDNA. These systems suffer mainly from the lack of chromatin context. Here, we describe the rapid generation of endogenous transcriptional reporter cells for the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. In principle, our methodology can be applied to any cell line. The endogenous reporters will provide a robust system for the investigation of BMP transcriptional activity in the context of native chromatin landscape and facilitate chemical and genetic screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke D Hutchinson
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Polyxeni Bozatzi
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Thomas Macartney
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
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15
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Wu KZL, Jones RA, Tachie-Menson T, Macartney TJ, Wood NT, Varghese J, Gourlay R, Soares RF, Smith JC, Sapkota GP. Pathogenic FAM83G palmoplantar keratoderma mutations inhibit the PAWS1:CK1α association and attenuate Wnt signalling. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:133. [PMID: 31656861 PMCID: PMC6798324 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15403.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Two recessive mutations in the FAM83G gene, causing A34E and R52P amino acid substitutions in the DUF1669 domain of the PAWS1 protein, are associated with palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) in humans and dogs respectively. We have previously reported that PAWS1 associates with the Ser/Thr protein kinase CK1α through the DUF1669 domain to mediate canonical Wnt signalling. Methods: Co-immunoprecipitation was used to investigate possible changes to PAWS1 interactors caused by the mutations. We also compared the stability of wild-type and mutant PAWS1 in cycloheximide-treated cells. Effects on Wnt signalling were determined using the TOPflash luciferase reporter assay in U2OS cells expressing PAWS1 mutant proteins. The ability of PAWS1 to induce axis duplication in Xenopus embryos was also tested. Finally, we knocked-in the A34E mutation at the native gene locus and measured Wnt-induced AXIN2 gene expression by RT-qPCR. Results: We show that these PAWS1 A34E and PAWS1 R52P mutants fail to interact with CK1α but, like the wild-type protein, do interact with CD2AP and SMAD1. Like cells carrying a PAWS1 F296A mutation, which also abolishes CK1α binding, cells carrying the A34E and R52P mutants respond poorly to Wnt signalling to an extent resembling that observed in FAM83G gene knockout cells. Consistent with this observation, these mutants, in contrast to the wild-type protein, fail to induce axis duplication in Xenopus embryos. We also found that the A34E and R52P mutant proteins are less abundant than the native protein and appear to be less stable, both when overexpressed in FAM83G-knockout cells and when knocked-in at the native FAM83G locus. Ala 34 of PAWS1 is conserved in all FAM83 proteins and mutating the equivalent residue in FAM83H (A31E) also abolishes interaction with CK1 isoforms. Conclusions: We propose that mutations in PAWS1 cause PPK pathogenesis through disruption of the CK1α interaction and attenuation of Wnt signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Z L Wu
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Theresa Tachie-Menson
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Thomas J Macartney
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Nicola T Wood
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Joby Varghese
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Robert Gourlay
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Renata F Soares
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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16
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Zaini MN, Patel SA, Syafruddin SE, Rodrigues P, Vanharanta S. Endogenous HIF2A reporter systems for high-throughput functional screening. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12063. [PMID: 30104738 PMCID: PMC6089976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-specific transcriptional programs control most biological phenotypes, including disease states such as cancer. However, the molecular details underlying transcriptional specificity is largely unknown, hindering the development of therapeutic approaches. Here, we describe novel experimental reporter systems that allow interrogation of the endogenous expression of HIF2A, a critical driver of renal oncogenesis. Using a focused CRISPR-Cas9 library targeting chromatin regulators, we provide evidence that these reporter systems are compatible with high-throughput screening. Our data also suggests redundancy in the control of cancer type-specific transcriptional traits. Reporter systems such as those described here could facilitate large-scale mechanistic dissection of transcriptional programmes underlying cancer phenotypes, thus paving the way for novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nazhif Zaini
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Saroor A Patel
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Saiful E Syafruddin
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom.,UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaa'cob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Paulo Rodrigues
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sakari Vanharanta
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom.
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17
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Fulcher LJ, Bozatzi P, Tachie-Menson T, Wu KZL, Cummins TD, Bufton JC, Pinkas DM, Dunbar K, Shrestha S, Wood NT, Weidlich S, Macartney TJ, Varghese J, Gourlay R, Campbell DG, Dingwell KS, Smith JC, Bullock AN, Sapkota GP. The DUF1669 domain of FAM83 family proteins anchor casein kinase 1 isoforms. Sci Signal 2018; 11:eaao2341. [PMID: 29789297 PMCID: PMC6025793 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao2341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Members of the casein kinase 1 (CK1) family of serine-threonine protein kinases are implicated in the regulation of many cellular processes, including the cell cycle, circadian rhythms, and Wnt and Hedgehog signaling. Because these kinases exhibit constitutive activity in biochemical assays, it is likely that their activity in cells is controlled by subcellular localization, interactions with inhibitory proteins, targeted degradation, or combinations of these mechanisms. We identified members of the FAM83 family of proteins as partners of CK1 in cells. All eight members of the FAM83 family (FAM83A to FAM83H) interacted with the α and α-like isoforms of CK1; FAM83A, FAM83B, FAM83E, and FAM83H also interacted with the δ and ε isoforms of CK1. We detected no interaction between any FAM83 member and the related CK1γ1, CK1γ2, and CK1γ3 isoforms. Each FAM83 protein exhibited a distinct pattern of subcellular distribution and colocalized with the CK1 isoform(s) to which it bound. The interaction of FAM83 proteins with CK1 isoforms was mediated by the conserved domain of unknown function 1669 (DUF1669) that characterizes the FAM83 family. Mutations in FAM83 proteins that prevented them from binding to CK1 interfered with the proper subcellular localization and cellular functions of both the FAM83 proteins and their CK1 binding partners. On the basis of its function, we propose that DUF1669 be renamed the polypeptide anchor of CK1 domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Fulcher
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Polyxeni Bozatzi
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Theresa Tachie-Menson
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Kevin Z L Wu
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Timothy D Cummins
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Joshua C Bufton
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel M Pinkas
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karen Dunbar
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Sabin Shrestha
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Nicola T Wood
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Simone Weidlich
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Thomas J Macartney
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Joby Varghese
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Robert Gourlay
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - David G Campbell
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | - Alex N Bullock
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
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18
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Bozatzi P, Dingwell KS, Wu KZ, Cooper F, Cummins TD, Hutchinson LD, Vogt J, Wood NT, Macartney TJ, Varghese J, Gourlay R, Campbell DG, Smith JC, Sapkota GP. PAWS1 controls Wnt signalling through association with casein kinase 1α. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:e44807. [PMID: 29514862 PMCID: PMC5891436 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The BMP and Wnt signalling pathways determine axis specification during embryonic development. Our previous work has shown that PAWS1 (also known as FAM83G) interacts with SMAD1 and modulates BMP signalling. Here, surprisingly, we show that overexpression of PAWS1 in Xenopus embryos activates Wnt signalling and causes complete axis duplication. Consistent with these observations in Xenopus, Wnt signalling is diminished in U2OS osteosarcoma cells lacking PAWS1, while BMP signalling is unaffected. We show that PAWS1 interacts and co-localises with the α isoform of casein kinase 1 (CK1), and that PAWS1 mutations incapable of binding CK1 fail both to activate Wnt signalling and to elicit axis duplication in Xenopus embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Bozatzi
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Kevin Zl Wu
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Timothy D Cummins
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | - Luke D Hutchinson
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | - Janis Vogt
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | - Nicola T Wood
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | - Thomas J Macartney
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | - Joby Varghese
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | - Robert Gourlay
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | - David G Campbell
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
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19
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Applications of genetically engineered human pluripotent stem cell reporters in cardiac stem cell biology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 52:66-73. [PMID: 29579626 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The advent of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has benefited many fields, from regenerative medicine to disease modeling, with an especially profound effect in cardiac research. Coupled with other novel technologies in genome engineering, hPSCs offer a great opportunity to delineate human cardiac lineages, investigate inherited cardiovascular diseases, and assess the safety and efficacy of cell-based therapies. In this review, we provide an overview of methods for generating genetically engineered hPSC reporters and a succinct synopsis of a variety of hPSC reporters, with a particular focus on their applications in cardiac stem cell biology.
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20
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Maldonado-Agurto R, Dickson AJ. Multiplexed Digital mRNA Expression Analysis Profiles System-Wide Changes in mRNA Abundance and Responsiveness of UPR-Specific Gene Expression Changes During Batch Culture of Recombinant Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700429. [PMID: 29323465 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway is viewed as critical for setting the effectiveness of recombinant protein expression in CHO cells. In this study, Nanostring nCounter technology is used to study expression of a group of genes associated with cellular processes linked to UPR activation under ER stress and the changing environment of a batch culture. Time course induction of ER stress, using tunicamycin (TM), shows a group of genes such as Chop, Trb3, Sqstm1, Grp78, and Herpud1 respond rapidly to TM inhibition of N-glycosylation, while others such as Atf5, Odz4, and Birc5 exhibits a delayed response. In batch culture, expression of "classical" UPR markers only increases when cells enter decline phase. In addition to providing a detailed analysis of the expression of process-relevant UPR markers during batch culture and in response to imposed chemical stress, we also highlighted six genes (Herpud1, Odz4, Sqstm1, Trb3, Syvn1, and Birc5) associated with the perception of ER stress responses in recombinant CHO cells. Herpud1 (involved in ER-associated degradation) exhibits a rapid (primary) response to stress and its relationship (and that of the other five genes) to the overall cellular UPR may identify novel targets to modulate recombinant protein production in CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Maldonado-Agurto
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Univ. Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, San Joaquín, P.O. Box, 8940577, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alan J Dickson
- The University of Manchester, Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
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21
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Abstract
Reporter gene assays are widely used in high-throughput screening (HTS) to identify compounds that modulate gene expression. Traditionally a reporter gene assay is built by cloning an endogenous promoter sequence or synthetic response elements in the regulatory region of a reporter gene to monitor transcriptional activity of a specific biological process (exogenous reporter assay). In contrast, an endogenous locus reporter has a reporter gene inserted in the endogenous gene locus that allows the reporter gene to be expressed under the control of the same regulatory elements as the endogenous gene, thus more accurately reflecting the changes seen in the regulation of the actual gene. In this chapter, we introduce some of the considerations behind building a reporter gene assay for high-throughput compound screening and describe the methods we have utilized to establish 1536-well format endogenous locus reporter and exogenous reporter assays for the screening of compounds that modulate Myc pathway activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Liu
- Screening & Protein Sciences, Merck Research Labs, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Hermes
- Screening and Translational Enzymology, Roche, Basel, Roche, Basel, Canton of Basel-Stadt, Switzerland
| | - Jing Li
- Screening & Protein Sciences, Merck Research Labs, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Tudor
- Screening & Protein Sciences, Merck Research Labs, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA.
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22
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Fulcher LJ, Macartney T, Bozatzi P, Hornberger A, Rojas-Fernandez A, Sapkota GP. An affinity-directed protein missile system for targeted proteolysis. Open Biol 2017; 6:rsob.160255. [PMID: 27784791 PMCID: PMC5090066 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) protein serves to recruit the hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF1α) protein under normoxia to the CUL2 E3 ubiquitin ligase for its ubiquitylation and degradation through the proteasome. In this report, we modify VHL to engineer an affinity-directed protein missile (AdPROM) system to direct specific endogenous target proteins for proteolysis in mammalian cells. The proteolytic AdPROM construct harbours a cameloid anti-green fluorescence protein (aGFP) nanobody that is fused to VHL for either constitutive or tetracycline-inducible expression. For target proteins, we exploit CRISPR/Cas9 to rapidly generate human kidney HEK293 and U2OS osteosarcoma homozygous knock-in cells harbouring GFP tags at the VPS34 (vacuolar protein sorting 34) and protein associated with SMAD1 (PAWS1, aka FAM83G) loci, respectively. Using these cells, we demonstrate that the expression of the VHL-aGFP AdPROM system results in near-complete degradation of the endogenous GFP-VPS34 and PAWS1-GFP proteins through the proteasome. Additionally, we show that Tet-inducible destruction of GFP-VPS34 results in the degradation of its associated partner, UVRAG, and reduction in levels of cellular phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Fulcher
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Thomas Macartney
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Polyxeni Bozatzi
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Annika Hornberger
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System and Institute of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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23
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Lopez-Guerrero AM, Pascual-Caro C, Martin-Romero FJ, Pozo-Guisado E. Store-operated calcium entry is dispensable for the activation of ERK1/2 pathway in prostate cancer cells. Cell Signal 2017; 40:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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24
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Quantitative Systems Biology to decipher design principles of a dynamic cell cycle network: the "Maximum Allowable mammalian Trade-Off-Weight" (MAmTOW). NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2017; 3:26. [PMID: 28944079 PMCID: PMC5605530 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-017-0028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Network complexity is required to lend cellular processes flexibility to respond timely to a variety of dynamic signals, while simultaneously warranting robustness to protect cellular integrity against perturbations. The cell cycle serves as a paradigm for such processes; it maintains its frequency and temporal structure (although these may differ among cell types) under the former, but accelerates under the latter. Cell cycle molecules act together in time and in different cellular compartments to execute cell type-specific programs. Strikingly, the timing at which molecular switches occur is controlled by abundance and stoichiometry of multiple proteins within complexes. However, traditional methods that investigate one effector at a time are insufficient to understand how modulation of protein complex dynamics at cell cycle transitions shapes responsiveness, yet preserving robustness. To overcome this shortcoming, we propose a multidisciplinary approach to gain a systems-level understanding of quantitative cell cycle dynamics in mammalian cells from a new perspective. By suggesting advanced experimental technologies and dedicated modeling approaches, we present innovative strategies (i) to measure absolute protein concentration in vivo, and (ii) to determine how protein dosage, e.g., altered protein abundance, and spatial (de)regulation may affect timing and robustness of phase transitions. We describe a method that we name “Maximum Allowable mammalian Trade–Off–Weight” (MAmTOW), which may be realized to determine the upper limit of gene copy numbers in mammalian cells. These aspects, not covered by current systems biology approaches, are essential requirements to generate precise computational models and identify (sub)network-centered nodes underlying a plethora of pathological conditions.
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Ramos-Sánchez JM, Triozzi PM, Moreno-Cortés A, Conde D, Perales M, Allona I. Real-time monitoring of PtaHMGB activity in poplar transactivation assays. PLANT METHODS 2017; 13:50. [PMID: 28638438 PMCID: PMC5472981 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-017-0199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precise control of gene expression is essential to synchronize plant development with the environment. In perennial plants, transcriptional regulation remains poorly understood, mainly due to the long time required to perform functional studies. Transcriptional reporters based on luciferase have been useful to study circadian and diurnal regulation of gene expression, both by transcription factors and chromatin remodelers. The high mobility group proteins are considered transcriptional chaperones that also modify the chromatin architecture. They have been found in several species, presenting in some cases a circadian expression of their mRNA or protein. RESULTS Transactivation experiments have been shown as a powerful and fast method to obtain information about the potential role of transcription factors upon a certain reporter. We designed and validated a luciferase transcriptional reporter using the 5' sequence upstream ATG of Populus tremula × alba LHY2 gene. We showed the robustness of this reporter line under long day and continuous light conditions. Moreover, we confirmed that pPtaLHY2::LUC activity reproduces the accumulation of PtaLHY2 mRNA. We performed transactivation studies by transient expression, using the reporter line as a genetic background, unraveling a new function of a high mobility group protein in poplar, which can activate the PtaLHY2 promoter in a gate-dependent manner. We also showed PtaHMGB2/3 needs darkness to produce that activation and exhibits an active degradation after dawn, mediated by the 26S proteasome. CONCLUSIONS We generated a stable luciferase reporter poplar line based on the circadian clock gene PtaLHY2, which can be used to investigate transcriptional regulation and signal transduction pathway. Using this reporter line as a genetic background, we established a methodology to rapidly assess potential regulators of diurnal and circadian rhythms. This tool allowed us to demonstrate that PtaHMGB2/3 promotes the transcriptional activation of our reporter in a gate-dependent manner. Moreover, we added new information about the PtaHMGB2/3 protein regulation along the day. This methodology can be easily adapted to other transcription factors and reporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Ramos-Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paolo M. Triozzi
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Moreno-Cortés
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Conde
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Allona
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Using nanoBRET and CRISPR/Cas9 to monitor proximity to a genome-edited protein in real-time. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3187. [PMID: 28600500 PMCID: PMC5466623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) has been a vital tool for understanding G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) function. It has been used to investigate GPCR-protein and/or -ligand interactions as well as GPCR oligomerisation. However the utility of BRET is limited by the requirement that the fusion proteins, and in particular the donor, need to be exogenously expressed. To address this, we have used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair to generate protein-Nanoluciferase (Nluc) fusions under endogenous promotion, thus allowing investigation of proximity between the genome-edited protein and an exogenously expressed protein by BRET. Here we report BRET monitoring of GPCR-mediated β-arrestin2 recruitment and internalisation where the donor luciferase was under endogenous promotion, in live cells and in real time. We have investigated the utility of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to create genome-edited fusion proteins that can be used as BRET donors and propose that this strategy can be used to overcome the need for exogenous donor expression.
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Fernandez-Alonso R, Davidson L, Hukelmann J, Zengerle M, Prescott AR, Lamond A, Ciulli A, Sapkota GP, Findlay GM. Brd4-Brd2 isoform switching coordinates pluripotent exit and Smad2-dependent lineage specification. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:1108-1122. [PMID: 28588073 PMCID: PMC5494510 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201643534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) hold great clinical potential, as they possess the capacity to differentiate into fully specialised tissues such as pancreas, liver, neurons and cardiac muscle. However, the molecular mechanisms that coordinate pluripotent exit with lineage specification remain poorly understood. To address this question, we perform a small molecule screen to systematically identify novel regulators of the Smad2 signalling network, a key determinant of PSC fate. We reveal an essential function for BET family bromodomain proteins in Smad2 activation, distinct from the role of Brd4 in pluripotency maintenance. Mechanistically, BET proteins specifically engage Nodal gene regulatory elements (NREs) to promote Nodal signalling and Smad2 developmental responses. In pluripotent cells, Brd2‐Brd4 occupy NREs, but only Brd4 is required for pluripotency gene expression. Brd4 downregulation facilitates pluripotent exit and drives enhanced Brd2 NRE occupancy, thereby unveiling a specific function for Brd2 in differentiative Nodal‐Smad2 signalling. Therefore, distinct BET functionalities and Brd4‐Brd2 isoform switching at NREs coordinate pluripotent exit with lineage specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Fernandez-Alonso
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, The University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Lindsay Davidson
- Pluripotent Stem Cell Facility, School of Life Sciences, The University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jens Hukelmann
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, The University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Michael Zengerle
- Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, The University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Alan R Prescott
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, The University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Angus Lamond
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, The University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Alessio Ciulli
- Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, The University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, The University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Greg M Findlay
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, The University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Mezzanotte L, van 't Root M, Karatas H, Goun EA, Löwik CWGM. In Vivo Molecular Bioluminescence Imaging: New Tools and Applications. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 35:640-652. [PMID: 28501458 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLi) is an optical molecular imaging technique used to visualize molecular and cellular processes in health and diseases and to follow the fate of cells with high sensitivity using luciferase-based gene reporters. The high sensitivity of this technique arises from efficient photon production, followed by the reaction between luciferase enzymes and luciferin substrates. Novel discoveries and developments of luciferase reporters, substrates, and gene-editing techniques, and emerging fields of applications, promise a new era of deeper and more sensitive molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mezzanotte
- Optical Molecular imaging, Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Moniek van 't Root
- Optical Molecular imaging, Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hacer Karatas
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Imaging, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena A Goun
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Imaging, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clemens W G M Löwik
- Optical Molecular imaging, Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Regulation of membrane ruffling by polarized STIM1 and ORAI1 in cortactin-rich domains. Sci Rep 2017; 7:383. [PMID: 28341841 PMCID: PMC5428229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell motility and migration requires the reorganization of the cortical cytoskeleton at the leading edge of cells and extracellular Ca2+ entry is essential for this reorganization. However the molecular nature of the regulators of this pathway is unknown. This work contributes to understanding the role of STIM1 and ORAI1 in the promotion of membrane ruffling by showing that phospho-STIM1 localizes at the leading edge of cells, and that both phospho-STIM1 and ORAI1 co-localize with cortactin (CTTN), a regulator of the cytoskeleton at membrane ruffling areas. STIM1-KO and ORAI1-KO cell lines were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in U2OS cells. In both cases, KO cells presented a notable reduction of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) that was rescued by expression of STIM1-mCherry and ORAI1-mCherry. These results demonstrated that SOCE regulates membrane ruffling at the leading edge of cells. Moreover, endogenous ORAI1 and overexpressed ORAI1-GFP co-immunoprecipitated with endogenous CTTN. This latter result, in addition to the KO cells’ phenotype, the preservation of ORAI1-CTTN co-localization during ruffling, and the inhibition of membrane ruffling by the Ca2+-channel inhibitor SKF96365, further supports a functional link between SOCE and membrane ruffling.
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Guichard SM. CRISPR–Cas9 for Drug Discovery in Oncology. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.armc.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Mei Y, Wang Y, Chen H, Sun ZS, Ju XD. Recent Progress in CRISPR/Cas9 Technology. J Genet Genomics 2016; 43:63-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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