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Skidanov A, Ashukina N, Maltseva V, Skidanov M, Danyshchuk Z, Radchenko V. The relationship between structural changes in paraspinal muscles and intervertebral disc and facet joint degeneration in the lumbar spine of rats. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:58. [PMID: 38217024 PMCID: PMC10785363 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degenerative spine disease is one of the largest causes of disability worldwide and has a multifactorial aetiology. Determining the leading causes of this multifactorial disease could help create new treatment approaches. PURPOSE Study the impact of degenerative changes in the paraspinal muscles caused by local (prolonged compression) or systemic (high-fat diet) factors on the structure of the intervertebral discs (IVDs) and facet joints of the lumbar spine in rats. METHODS The study was conducted using two animal models to create degenerative changes in the paraspinal muscles of 10 white laboratory rats for 90 days and five control rats: 1) high-fat diet model (model 1) involved keeping the rats on a high calorie diet; 2) compression model (model 2) involved binding the paraspinal muscles from L2 to S1 using non-absorbable sutures. Histological analysis for the facet joints and IVDs of rats (at the L1-L4 level) with semi-quantitative analysis of the structure conducted used by degeneration grading system for IVDs and cartilage degeneration score (OARSI) for facet joint. RESULTS In both models, 90 days after the experiment, the degenerative changes observed in the rats' IVDs were more severe in the annulus fibrosus than in the nucleus pulposus. The height of the IVD in model 1 did not differ from the control group, but in the model 2 was 1.3 times greater (p < 0.001) compared with control. Degenerative changes in the IVD were scored out 5.3 ± 1.7 in model 1 and 5.32 ± 2.1 in model 2 of a possible 16. The height of the articular cartilage of the facet joints was smaller by 1.5 times (p < 0.001) and 1.4 times (p < 0.001) in model 1 and model 2, respectively, compared to the control. Degenerative changes of facet joint were scored out 3.7 ± 0.6 in model 1 and 3.8 ± 0.6 in model 2 of five points according to the cartilage degeneration score. CONCLUSIONS It was determined that rats who had structural changes in the lumbar paraspinal muscles as a result of being kept on a high-fat diet or subjected to prolonged compression for 90 days, showed degenerative changes in intervertebral discs and osteoarthritis in facet joints of lumbar spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Skidanov
- Laboratory of Connective Tissue Morphology, Sytenko Institute of Spine and Joint Pathology National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 80 Pushkinska St., Kharkiv, 61024, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya Ashukina
- Laboratory of Connective Tissue Morphology, Sytenko Institute of Spine and Joint Pathology National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 80 Pushkinska St., Kharkiv, 61024, Ukraine
| | - Valentyna Maltseva
- Laboratory of Connective Tissue Morphology, Sytenko Institute of Spine and Joint Pathology National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 80 Pushkinska St., Kharkiv, 61024, Ukraine.
| | - Mykyta Skidanov
- Laboratory of Connective Tissue Morphology, Sytenko Institute of Spine and Joint Pathology National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 80 Pushkinska St., Kharkiv, 61024, Ukraine
| | - Zinaida Danyshchuk
- Laboratory of Connective Tissue Morphology, Sytenko Institute of Spine and Joint Pathology National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 80 Pushkinska St., Kharkiv, 61024, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Radchenko
- Laboratory of Connective Tissue Morphology, Sytenko Institute of Spine and Joint Pathology National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 80 Pushkinska St., Kharkiv, 61024, Ukraine
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Fainor M, Orozco BS, Muir VG, Mahindroo S, Gupta S, Mauck RL, Burdick JA, Smith HE, Gullbrand SE. Mechanical crosstalk between the intervertebral disc, facet joints, and vertebral endplate following acute disc injury in a rabbit model. JOR Spine 2023; 6:e1287. [PMID: 38156057 PMCID: PMC10751980 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vertebral endplate sclerosis and facet osteoarthritis have been documented in animals and humans. However, it is unclear how these adjacent pathologies engage in crosstalk with the intervertebral disc. This study sought to elucidate this crosstalk by assessing each compartment individually in response to acute disc injury. Methods Eleven New Zealand White rabbits underwent annular disc puncture using a 16G or 21G needle. At 4 and 10 weeks, individual compartments of the motion segment were analyzed. Discs underwent T 1 relaxation mapping with MRI contrast agent gadodiamide as well T 2 mapping. Both discs and facets underwent mechanical testing via vertebra-disc-vertebra tension-compression creep testing and indentation testing, respectively. Endplate bone density was quantified via μCT. Discs and facets were sectioned and stained for histology scoring. Results Intervertebral discs became more degenerative with increasing needle diameter and time post-puncture. Bone density also increased in endplates adjacent to both 21G and 16G punctured discs leading to reduced gadodiamide transport at 10 weeks. The facet joints, however, did not follow this same trend. Facets adjacent to 16G punctured discs were less degenerative than facets adjacent to 21G punctured discs at 10 weeks. 16G facets were more degenerative at 4 weeks than at 10, suggesting the cartilage had recovered. The formation of severe disc osteophytes in 16G punctured discs between 4 and 10 weeks likely offloaded the facet cartilage, leading to the recovery observed. Conclusions Overall, this study supports that degeneration spans the whole spinal motion segment following disc injury. Vertebral endplate thickening occurred in response to disc injury, which limited the diffusion of small molecules into the disc. This work also suggests that altered disc mechanics can induce facet degeneration, and that extreme bony remodeling adjacent to the disc may promote facet cartilage recovery through offloading of the articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Fainor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research CenterCorporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Brianna S. Orozco
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research CenterCorporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Victoria G. Muir
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Sonal Mahindroo
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research CenterCorporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of BiologySt. Bonaventure UniversitySt. BonaventureNew YorkUSA
| | - Sachin Gupta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research CenterCorporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research CenterCorporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jason A. Burdick
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Harvey E. Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research CenterCorporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Sarah E. Gullbrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research CenterCorporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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Zhao J, Sun Y, Sheng X, Xu J, Dai G, He R, Jin Y, Liu Z, Xie Y, Wu T, Cao Y, Hu J, Duan C. Hypoxia-treated adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes attenuate lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis. Mol Med 2023; 29:120. [PMID: 37670256 PMCID: PMC10478461 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis (LFJ OA) is a common disease, and there is still a lack of effective disease-modifying therapies. Our aim was to determine the therapeutic effect of hypoxia-treated adipose mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC)-derived exosomes (Hypo-ADSC-Exos) on the protective effect against LFJ OA. METHODS The protective effect of Hypo-ADSC-Exos against LFJ OA was examined in lumbar spinal instability (LSI)-induced LFJ OA models. Spinal pain behavioural assessments and CGRP (Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide positive) immunofluorescence were evaluated. Cartilage degradation and subchondral bone remodelling were assessed by histological methods, immunohistochemistry, synchrotron radiation-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (SR-FTIR), and 3D X-ray microscope scanning. RESULTS Hypoxia enhanced the protective effect of ADSC-Exos on LFJ OA. Specifically, tail vein injection of Hypo-ADSC-Exos protected articular cartilage from degradation, as demonstrated by lower FJ OA scores of articular cartilage and less proteoglycan loss in lumbar facet joint (LFJ) cartilage than in the ADSC-Exo group, and these parameters were significantly improved compared to those in the PBS group. In addition, the levels and distribution of collagen and proteoglycan in LFJ cartilage were increased in the Hypo-ADSC-Exo group compared to the ADSC-Exo or PBS group by SR-FTIR. Furthermore, Hypo-ADSC-Exos normalized uncoupled bone remodelling and aberrant H-type vessel formation in subchondral bone and effectively reduced symptomatic spinal pain caused by LFJ OA in mice compared with those in the ADSC-Exo or PBS group. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that hypoxia is an effective method to improve the therapeutic effect of ADSC-Exos on ameliorating spinal pain and LFJ OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xiaolong Sheng
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Guoyu Dai
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Rundong He
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yuxin Jin
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhide Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Tianding Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Chunyue Duan
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Singh C, Yadav S, Loha S, Prakash S, Paswan AK. Comparison of intra-articular lumbar facet joint injection of platelet-rich plasma and steroid in the treatment of chronic low back pain: A prospective study. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDICS, TRAUMA AND REHABILITATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/22104917231161836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Study design: Prospective randomized clinical study. Purpose: To compare the effectiveness and safety of intra-articular platelet-rich plasma (PCP) and steroid along with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of chronic low back pain (LBP) due to facet joint arthropathy. Overview of literature: Facet joint pathology is an important cause of LBP—15–30% of all LBP cases. Lumbar intra-articular PRP is a relatively new method in the treatment of LBP. PRP stimulates the cells involved in regeneration. Hence, it seems a suitable option for the treatment of lumbar facet joint syndrome. Methods: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of facet joint injections in LBP secondary to facet joint arthropathy. Chronic LBP for ≥3 months (visual analogue scale (VAS) > 4), failed conservative treatment, no neurological deficit, unilateral facet joint pain, focal tenderness with hyperextension pain, and relief by diagnostic medial branch block were included. Patients were randomly allocated to Group S: Steroid (Triamcinolone) + RFA or Group P: PRP + RFA or Group R: 0.9% saline + RFA as control. Demographic, clinico-radiological, and outcome parameters were recorded till 6 months. Data were analyzed using SPSS and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: We studied 45 patients (n = 15 in each group) in the final analysis. Mean age was 45.7 ± 13.6 years and 60% were females in all groups. VAS decreased to 1.6 ± 0.8 (Group S) and 3.2 ± 0.8 (Group P) on day 1 ( p < 0.05). At 3 and 6 months, VAS reduced more in Group P (0.47 ± 0.5; 0.07 ± 0.2) versus Group S (2.53 ± 0.5; 3.07 ± 0.2) ( p < 0.001). Mean Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score at baseline was 72.8 ± 7.6 (all groups). At 1 month, Group S (17.2 ± 3.2) showed better improvement than Group P (23.2 ± 3.1) ( p < 0.05). At 6 months, Group P (8.9 ± 1.2) had more decrease in ODI than Group S (29.0 ± 2.1) ( p < 0.001). NSAIDs usage and Patient Satisfaction Score (PSS) were significantly better at 6 months in Group P than Group S ( p < 0.01; p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Both PRP and corticosteroid injections were determined to be effective and safe for the treatment of lumbar facet joint syndrome after 6 months of follow-up. However, autologous PRP may be a superior treatment option for longer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Singh
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sanjay Yadav
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sandeep Loha
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shashi Prakash
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Anil Kumar Paswan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Induced Models of Osteoarthritis in Animal Models: A Systematic Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020283. [PMID: 36829562 PMCID: PMC9953428 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The most common induction methods for OA are mechanical, surgical and chemical. However, there is not a gold standard in the choice of OA animal models, as different animals and induction methods are helpful in different contexts. Reporting the latest evidence and results in the literature could help researchers worldwide to define the most appropriate indication for OA animal-model development. This review aims to better define the most appropriate animal model for various OA conditions. The research was conducted on the following literature databases: Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Studies reporting cases of OA in animal models and their induction from January 2010 to July 2021 were included in the study and reviewed by two authors. The literature search retrieved 1621 articles, of which 36 met the selection criteria and were included in this review. The selected studies included 1472 animals. Of all the studies selected, 8 included information about the chemical induction of OA, 19 were focused on mechanical induction, and 9 on surgical induction. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that several induction models, mechanical, surgical and chemical, have been proven suitable for the induction of OA in animals.
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Jiang A, Xu P, Yang Z, Zhao Z, Tan Q, Li W, Song C, Dai H, Leng H. Increased Sparc release from subchondral osteoblasts promotes articular chondrocyte degeneration under estrogen withdrawal. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:26-38. [PMID: 36241137 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of osteoarthritis (OA) in menopausal women is significantly higher than in same-aged men. Investigating the role of subchondral osteoblasts in estrogen deficiency-induced OA may help elucidate the pathological mechanism, providing new insights for the diagnosis and treatment of menopausal OA. METHODS A classical ovariectomy-induced OA (OVX-OA) rat model was utilized to isolate primary articular chondrocytes and subchondral osteoblasts, which were identified and then cocultured in Transwell. The expression of chondrocyte anabolic and catabolic indicators was evaluated. The differentially expressed proteins in the conditioned medium (CM) of osteoblasts were identified by Liquid Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). Normal chondrocytes were treated with osteoblast CM, and then RNA sequencing was performed on the treated chondrocytes. KEGG was used to identify significant enrichment of signaling pathways, and Simple Western was used to verify the expression of related proteins in the signaling pathways. RESULTS Coculture of OVX-OA subchondral osteoblasts with chondrocytes significantly downregulated the expression of the anabolic indicators and upregulated the expression of the catabolic indicators in chondrocytes. 1,601 proteins were identified in both normal and OVX osteoblast culture supernatants. Protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed that Sparc was one of the hub proteins. The AMPK/Foxo3a signaling pathway of chondrocytes was downregulated by OVX-OA osteoblasts CM. AICAR, the AMPK agonist, partially reversed the catabolic effect of OVX-OA osteoblasts on chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS Sparc secreted by OVX-OA subchondral osteoblasts can downregulate the AMPK/Foxo3a signaling pathway of chondrocytes, thereby promoting chondrocyte degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Department of General Surgery, Beijing Pinggu Hospital, Beijing 101299, China
| | - P Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Z Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Q Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - W Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - C Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Lab of Spine Diseases, Beijing 100191, China
| | - H Dai
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - H Leng
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
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Yang D, Hu W, Li H, Shao YC, Shan JC, Xiong X, Shuang F. Establishment of a bipedal rat model of lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis using intraarticular injection of urinary plasminogen activator. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:447. [PMID: 36224572 PMCID: PMC9555121 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have demonstrated that by injecting uPA into the lumbar facet joints (LFJ) of normal rats, a rat LFJOA animal model can be successfully established. However, there is no evidence that intraarticular injection of uPA can induce or much serious osteoarthritis in bipedal rats, which biomechanics is much more similar to human than normal rats. To investigate whether intraarticular injection of urinary plasminogen activator (uPA) can induce LFJOA and low back pain symptoms in bipedal rats. Methods An experimental study on the construction of a modified animal model of lumbar facet joints osteoarthritis (LFJOA) which biomechanics is similar to human. Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with intraarticular injection of uPA in the L5–L6 facet joints (uPA group, n = 15) or saline (saline group, n = 15). The forelimbs of both two group rats were amputated. Mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in the ipsilateral hind paws were evaluated using von Frey hairs and a thermoalgesia instrument, respectively. Toluidine blue staining, hematoxylin–eosin staining, and immunohistochemical examination of the LFJ was performed. Results The saline group rats have not demonstrated significant osteoarthritis in rats LFJ after surgery. The uPA group has not been induced significantly higher mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in comparison with the saline group. But intraarticular injection of uPA in biped rats induced significantly stronger articular cartilage damage, synovitis, and proliferation of synovial cells in the LFJ. Inflammatory factors such as iNOS, IL-1β, and TNF-a were more significantly expressed in bipedal rat injected with uPA (p < 0.05). Conclusions Intraarticular injection of uPA can induce LFJOA in bipedal rats, while upright posture does not induce osteoarthritis in rats LFJ in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The 908th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No.1028 Jinggangshan Street, Qingyunpu District, Nanchang, 330002, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The 908th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No.1028 Jinggangshan Street, Qingyunpu District, Nanchang, 330002, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The 908th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No.1028 Jinggangshan Street, Qingyunpu District, Nanchang, 330002, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yin-Chu Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, The 908th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No.1028 Jinggangshan Street, Qingyunpu District, Nanchang, 330002, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ji-Chun Shan
- Department of Orthopedics, The 908th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No.1028 Jinggangshan Street, Qingyunpu District, Nanchang, 330002, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xu Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, The 908th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No.1028 Jinggangshan Street, Qingyunpu District, Nanchang, 330002, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Feng Shuang
- Department of Orthopedics, The 908th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No.1028 Jinggangshan Street, Qingyunpu District, Nanchang, 330002, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Wang J, Lu Q, Mackay MJ, Liu X, Feng Y, Burton DC, Asher MA. Spontaneous Facet Joint Osteoarthritis in NFAT1-Mutant Mice: Age-Dependent Histopathologic Characteristics and Molecular Mechanisms. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2022; 104:928-940. [PMID: 35167509 PMCID: PMC9208959 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.21.00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facet joint (FJ) osteoarthritis (FJOA) is a widely prevalent spinal disorder but its pathogenesis remains unclear, largely due to the difficulties in conducting longitudinal human studies and lack of spontaneous-FJOA animal models for mechanistic investigations. This study aimed to investigate whether spontaneous FJOA occurs in mice bearing mutant NFAT1 (nuclear factor of activated T cells 1) transcription factor. METHODS The lumbar FJs of 50 NFAT1-mutant mice and of 50 wild-type control mice, of both sexes, were examined by histopathology, quantitative gene expression analysis, semiquantitative immunohistochemistry, and a novel FJOA scoring system for semiquantitative assessment of the histopathologic changes at 2, 6, 12, and 18 months of age. Age-dependent and tissue-specific histopathologic and gene or protein expression changes were analyzed statistically. RESULTS FJs in NFAT1-mutant mice displayed significantly increased expression of specific catabolic genes (p < 0.05) and proteins (p < 0.001) in cartilage and synovium as early as 2 months of age, followed by early osteoarthritic structural changes such as articular surface fissuring and chondro-osteophyte formation at 6 months. More severe cartilage lesions, osteophytes, subchondral bone changes, synovitis, and tissue-specific molecular alterations in FJs of NFAT1-mutant mice were observed at 12 and 18 months. Osteoarthritic structural changes were not detected in FJs of wild-type mice at any ages, although age-related cartilage degeneration was observed at 18 months. The novel FJOA scoring system had high intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility (correlation coefficients: r > 0.97). Whole-joint FJOA scoring showed significantly higher OA scores in FJs of NFAT1-mutant mice compared with wild-type mice at all time points (p = 0.0033 at 2 months, p = 0.0001 at 6 months, p < 0.0001 at 12 and 18 months). CONCLUSIONS This study has identified the NFAT1-mutant mouse as a novel animal model of spontaneous FJOA with age-dependent and slowly progressing osteoarthritic features, developed the first FJOA scoring system, and elucidated the molecular mechanisms of NFAT1 mutation-induced FJOA. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This murine FJOA model resembles the features of human FJOA and may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of and therapeutic strategies for FJOA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxi Wang
- Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA,Correspondence to: Jinxi Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS #3017, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, Tel: 913-588-0870, Fax: 913-945-7773,
| | - Qinghua Lu
- Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Matthew J. Mackay
- Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Xiangliang Liu
- Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Yi Feng
- Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA,Current address: Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Douglas C. Burton
- Marc A. Asher MD Comprehensive Spine Center and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Marc A. Asher
- Marc A. Asher MD Comprehensive Spine Center and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Wu C, Yu J, Xu G, Bao G, Zhang J, Xue P, Jiang J, Chen J, Chen C, Hong H, Cui Z. Wnt16 protects chondrocytes from lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in low back pain patients. Somatosens Mot Res 2021; 38:339-346. [PMID: 34553673 DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2021.1977267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low back pain (LBP) is a long-lasting and chronic symptom without any exact cause. This study attempts to propose a new staging system based on the original grading system combined with pathological results and clinical symptoms to better clarify the dynamic evolution of LBP related to cartilage degeneration during facet joint osteoarthritis (FJOA). To explore a potential target for diagnosis, treatment, and drug intervention of facet joint osteoarthritis related LBP via protecting chondrocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the facet joints were divided into 4 groups according to our new degenerative staging system based on Weishaupt grade, CT and MRI. Collect the facet joint samples from patients whom suffered lumbar fusion surgery for lumbar disc herniation. Molecular biology experiments were used to explore the effect of Wnt16 on the degeneration of facet joints. Micro-CT examination and pain stimulation test checked the biological function of Wnt16 in rats. RESULTS Wnt16 was significantly increased and more aggregated in the facet joint chondrocytes in the Phase III and Phase IV, which is consistent with the pathological findings of cartilage degeneration (OARSI). We found that Wnt16 participated in the regulation of FJOA via Wnt/β-catenin pathway in vitro, which was inhibited by specific inhibitor DKK1. The rats, rich expressed Wnt16, showed higher paw withdrawal thresholds and prolonged paw withdrawal latency to FJOA related LBP. Micro-CT examination for the lumbar spine of rats showed Wnt16 protected the chondrocytes from FJOA. CONCLUSIONS This study defined a new staging system for LBP related cartilage degeneration of facet joint based on the original grading system combined with pathological results and clinical symptoms. Wnt16 is expected to be a potential target for treatment of FJOA via protecting chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunshuai Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, PR China
| | - Jinjuan Yu
- Outpatient Department, The Third People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, PR China
| | - Guanhua Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, PR China
| | - Guofeng Bao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, PR China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, PR China
| | - Pengfei Xue
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, PR China
| | - Jiawei Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, PR China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, PR China
| | - Chu Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, PR China
| | - Hongxiang Hong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, PR China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, PR China
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10
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Klahsen O, Clark AL, Brown SHM. Investigating how combined multifidus injury and facet joint compression influence changes in surrounding muscles and facet degeneration in the rat. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2021; 30:2613-2621. [PMID: 34050807 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-021-06877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine whether unilateral multifidus damage could promote degeneration at the L5-6 facet joint (FJ) and compensatory changes in lumbo-pelvic muscles in rats. METHODS 12 facet clamp, 12 facet sham and 7 control rats were studied. Facet clamp and sham animals had the left L5-6 FJ exposed, and the clamp group had a mild compressive clamp applied using hemostatic forceps to model post-traumatic arthritis. Both groups then had the left multifidus detached from the L1-L6 spinous processes. Animals were euthanized 28 days post-surgery. Muscle mass and fascicle length were evaluated bilaterally for the paraspinal muscles, gluteal muscles and biceps femoris. Intra-muscular collagen of the paraspinal muscles was measured histologically. FJ transverse plane angles were measured from micro-computed tomography scans. L5-6 FJ degeneration was evaluated through the 24-point OARSI scale. RESULTS Differences, compared to control, were observed in the detached multifidus from both facet clamp and sham groups; namely decreased mass and fascicle length and increased collagen content. However, no between group differences were found for any other muscle. Further, mild FJ degeneration was more prevalent in the groups that had experienced multifidus injury but was not exacerbated by the mild compressive clamping of the FJ. CONCLUSION Unilateral multifidus injury with or without FJ compressive clamping does not have a clear impact on the characteristics of surrounding spinal musculature within 28 days post-surgery in rats. Mild FJ degeneration was present in some animals from all three groups, and the impact of multifidus injury on this degeneration is inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Klahsen
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Andrea L Clark
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Stephen H M Brown
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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11
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Experimentally induced spine osteoarthritis in rats leads to neurogenic inflammation within neurosegmentally linked myotomes. Exp Gerontol 2021; 149:111311. [PMID: 33744392 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring spine osteoarthritis is clinically associated with the manifestation of chronic inflammatory muscle (myofascial) disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal association between experimentally induced spine osteoarthritis and neurogenic inflammatory responses within neurosegmentally linked myotomes. Wistar Kyoto rats were randomly assigned to spine facet compression surgery (L4-L6) or sham surgery. Animals exposed to facet compression surgery demonstrated radiographic signs of facet-osteoarthritis (L4-L6 spinal levels) and sensory changes (allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia) at 7, 14 and 21 days post-intervention, consistent with the induction of central sensitization; no radiologic or sensory changes were observed after sham surgery. Increased levels of proinflammatory biomarkers including substance P (SP), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) and calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) were observed post-surgery within neurosegmentally-linked rectus femoris (L2-L5) muscle when compared to the non-segmentally linked biceps brachii (C4-C7) muscle; no differences were observed between muscles in the sham surgery group. These findings offer novel insight into the potential role of spine osteoarthritis and neurogenic inflammatory mechanisms in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory muscle (myofascial) disease.
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12
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Lu Y, Pei S, Hou S. Development of a novel rat model of lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis induced by persistent compressive injury. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:3740-3748. [PMID: 32855725 PMCID: PMC7444380 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop a novel animal model of lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis induced by persistent compressive injury. An intraspinal compression spring was randomly implanted into either the L4/5 or the L5/6 spinal segments of 40 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats to induce compression. Sham-operations were used in the other segment of the same rats as the control levels. The animals were sacrificed at 7, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days after surgery, prior to the radiological confirmation of the spring location. Degeneration of the lumbar facet joints was evaluated by macroscopic observation in addition to histological and immunohistological analyses. The results of this present study revealed the absence of spring dislocation during the entire observation period. Macroscopic and Osteoarthritis Research Society International scores of the compression levels were found to be higher in the compression levels compared with those noted in the control levels (P<0.05). In addition, interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α expression in the compression levels were increased over time compared with those recorded in the control levels. In conclusion, persistent compressive injury may induce degeneration of the lumbar facet joint. This novel animal model could serve as a useful tool for further studies into the mechanisms of action and potential treatment of lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Shishen Pei
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth People's Hospital of Hengshui City, Hengshui, Hebei 053000, P.R. China
| | - Shuxun Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
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13
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Sensory innervation in porous endplates by Netrin-1 from osteoclasts mediates PGE2-induced spinal hypersensitivity in mice. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5643. [PMID: 31822662 PMCID: PMC6904550 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13476-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal pain is a major clinical problem, however, its origins and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that in mice, osteoclasts induce sensory innervation in the porous endplates which contributes to spinal hypersensitivity in mice. Sensory innervation of the porous areas of sclerotic endplates in mice was confirmed. Lumbar spine instability (LSI), or aging, induces spinal hypersensitivity in mice. In these conditions, we show that there are elevated levels of PGE2 which activate sensory nerves, leading to sodium influx through Nav 1.8 channels. We show that knockout of PGE2 receptor 4 in sensory nerves significantly reduces spinal hypersensitivity. Inhibition of osteoclast formation by knockout Rankl in the osteocytes significantly inhibits LSI-induced porosity of endplates, sensory innervation, and spinal hypersensitivity. Knockout of Netrin-1 in osteoclasts abrogates sensory innervation into porous endplates and spinal hypersensitivity. These findings suggest that osteoclast-initiated porosity of endplates and sensory innervation are potential therapeutic targets for spinal pain. Spinal pain is a major clinical problem. Here the authors show that osteoclasts create porous area of endplates of the vertebrae and sensory innervation of porous endplates by Netrin-1 release from osteoclasts mediates PGE2-induced spinal hypersensitivity in mice.
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14
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Unilateral Osteotomy of Lumbar Facet Joint Induces a Mouse Model of Lumbar Facet Joint Osteoarthritis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2019; 44:E930-E938. [PMID: 30896583 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000003023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN The lumbar facet joint (LFJ) osteoarthritis (OA) model that highly mimics the clinical conditions was established and evaluated. OBJECTIVE Here, we innovatively constructed and evaluated the aberrant mechanical loading-related LFJ OA model. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA LFJ is the only true synovial joint in a functional spinal unit in mammals. The LFJ osteoarthritis is considered to contribute 15% to 45% of low back pain. The establish of animal models highly mimicking the clinical conditions is a useful tool for the investigation of LFJ OA. However, the previously established animal models damaged the LFJ structure directly, which did not demonstrate the effect of aberrant mechanical loading on the development of LFJ osteoarthritis. METHODS In the present study, an animal model for LFJ degeneration was established by the unilateral osteotomy of LFJ (OLFJ) in L4/5 unit to induce the spine instability. Then, the change of contralateral LFJ was evaluated by morphological and molecular biological techniques. RESULTS We showed that the OLFJ induced instability accelerated the cartilage degeneration of the contralateral LFJ. Importantly, the SRμCT elucidated that the three-dimensional structure of the subchondral bone changed in contralateral LFJ, indicated as the abnormity of bone volume/total volume ratio (BV/TV), trabecular pattern factor (Tb. Pf), and the trabecular thickness (Tb. Th). Immunostaining further demonstrated the uncoupled osteoclastic bone resorption, and bone formation in the subchondral bone of contralateral LFJ, indicated as increased activity of osteoclast, osteoblast, and Type H vessels. CONCLUSION We develop a novel LFJ OA model demonstrating the effect of abnormal mechanical instability on the degeneration of LFJ. This LFJ degeneration model that highly mimics the clinical conditions is a valuable tool to investigate the LFJ osteoarthritis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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15
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Zhou X, Zhang L, Guo X, Liu G, Wang G, Fu S. A Macaca Fascicularis Knee Osteoarthritis Model Developed by Modified Hulth Combined with Joint Scratches. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3393-3404. [PMID: 29789519 PMCID: PMC5994139 DOI: 10.12659/msm.906626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative disease of joints, and animal models have important significance in the investigation of this disease. The aim of this study was to develop a better method for developing osteoarthritis models in primates by comparing the modified Hulth score combined with joint scratches modeling method with others. MATERIAL AND METHODS We randomly divided 15 young male Macaca fascicularis and 3 old male Macaca fascicularis into 6 groups (n=3). Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) models were developed with different methods: modified Hulth combined with joint scratches (Group A), modified Hulth (Group B), Hulth (Group C), spontaneous models (Group D); sham-operated (Group E), and blank control (Group F). Morphology and pathology of knee joints were observed at the 8th week after surgery. The levels of WBC, IL-1b, and TGF-b1 in synovial fluid were detected by ELISA. The levels of COL-II, ACAN, and MMP-13 in articular cartilage were examined by RT-qPCR and Western blot. RESULTS In Brittberg and modified Mankin score, Group A was higher than B (P<0.05) and lower than C (P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference between Group A and D (P>0.05). Except for Group E and F, the differences were statistically significant among others in WBC, IL-1β, and TGF-β1 (P<0.05). COL-II and ACAN decreased and MMP-13 increased, and there was no significant difference between Groups A and D (P>0.05) or between Groups E and F (P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences among other groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The models developed by modified Hulth combined with joint scratches were the closet to spontaneous models at the 8th week after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoguang Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Guoyou Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Shijie Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
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16
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Shi C, Qiu S, Riester SM, Das V, Zhu B, Wallace AA, van Wijnen AJ, Mwale F, Iatridis JC, Sakai D, Votta-Velis G, Yuan W, Im HJ. Animal models for studying the etiology and treatment of low back pain. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:1305-1312. [PMID: 28921656 PMCID: PMC6287742 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic low back pain is a major cause of disability and health care costs. Effective treatments are inadequate for many patients. Animal models are essential to further understanding of the pain mechanism and testing potential therapies. Currently, a number of preclinical models have been developed attempting to mimic aspects of clinical conditions that contribute to low back pain (LBP). This review focused on describing these animal models and the main behavioral tests for assessing pain in each model. Animal models of LBP can be divided into the following five categories: Discogenic LBP, radicular back pain, facet joint osteoarthritis back pain, muscle-induced LBP, and spontaneous occurring LBP models. These models are important not only for enhancing our knowledge of how LBP is generated, but also for the development of novel therapeutic regimens to treat LBP in patients. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1305-1312, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgui Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital,
Second Military Medical University of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Sujun Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital,
Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Scott M. Riester
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
Minnesota
| | - Vaskar Das
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center,
Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bingqian Zhu
- Departments of Biobehavioral Health Science, University of
Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Fackson Mwale
- Department of Surgery, McGill University and Orthopaedic
Research Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, SMBD-Jewish General
Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - James C. Iatridis
- Leni & Peter May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School
of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Gina Votta-Velis
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at
Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois,,Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center (JBVAMC) at
Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wen Yuan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital,
Second Military Medical University of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Hee-Jeong Im
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center (JBVAMC) at
Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at
Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois
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17
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Nauta HJ, McIlwrath SL, Westlund KN. Punctate Midline Myelotomy Reduces Pain Responses in a Rat Model of Lumbar Spine Pain: Evidence that the Postsynaptic Dorsal Column Pathway Conveys Pain from the Axial Spine. Cureus 2018; 10:e2371. [PMID: 29805940 PMCID: PMC5969797 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.2371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Punctate midline myelotomy (PMM) has been successfully applied clinically in humans for the relief of intractable visceral pain. The operation is thought to work by interrupting the postsynaptic dorsal column pathway (PSDC) of the spinal cord. In fact, PMM was developed specifically for that purpose after it was demonstrated in rats that the PSDC conveyed about 90% of the visceral pain information to the thalamus. The application of PMM also to the problem of severe intractable back or spine pain was never tested, and it has never been established whether the PSDC pathway relates only to visceral pain or whether there may be a broader involvement with pain affecting structures of embryological midline origin, perhaps including the spine. Retrospective analyses of decades of results from various attempted myelotomy procedures in man for the relief of pain are consistent with the notion that the common element crucial to the successful midline or visceral pain relief was the interruption--even incomplete--of the PSDC pathway. Herein, we present evidence from a rat model of lumbar facet pain that interruption of the PSDC significantly reduces pain responses. The implications for the possible treatment of severe intractable spine pain in man are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabrina L McIlwrath
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine
| | - Karin N Westlund
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine
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18
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Wu J, Zhou J, Liu C, Zhang J, Xiong W, Lv Y, Liu R, Wang R, Du Z, Zhang G, Liu Q. A Prospective Study Comparing Platelet-Rich Plasma and Local Anesthetic (LA)/Corticosteroid in Intra-Articular Injection for the Treatment of Lumbar Facet Joint Syndrome. Pain Pract 2017; 17:914-924. [PMID: 27989008 DOI: 10.1111/papr.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness and safety between autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and Local Anesthetic (LA)/corticosteroid in intra-articular injection for the treatment of lumbar facet joint syndrome. METHODS Forty-six eligible patients with lumbar facet joint syndrome were randomized into group A (intra-articular injection with PRP) and group B (intra-articular injection with LA/corticosteroid). The following contents were evaluated: pain visual analog scale (VAS) at rest and during flexion, and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMQ), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and modified MacNab criteria for pain relief and applications of post-treatment drugs. All outcome assessments were performed immediately after and at 1 week, 1, 2, 3, and 6 months after treatment. RESULTS No significant difference between groups was observed at baseline. Compared with pretreatment, both group A and group B demonstrated statistical improvements in the pain VAS score at rest or during flexion, the RMQ, and the ODI (P < 0.01). And there were significant differences between the 2 groups on the above-mentioned items (P < 0.05). For group B, subjective satisfaction based on the modified MacNab criteria and objective success rate were highest (80% and 85%) after 1 month, but only 50% and 20% after 6 months. However, for group A, they increased over time. In addition, there were no treatment-related complications in either group during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Both autologous PRP and LA/corticosteroid for intra-articular injection are effective, easy, and safe enough in the treatment of lumbar facet joint syndrome. However, autologous PRP is a superior treatment option for longer duration efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuping Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Department of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chibing Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ruiqiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhenwu Du
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guizhen Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qinyi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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3D visualization of the lumbar facet joint after degeneration using propagation phase contrast micro-tomography. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21838. [PMID: 26907889 PMCID: PMC4764819 DOI: 10.1038/srep21838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumbar facet joint (LFJ) degeneration is believed to be an important cause of low back pain (LBP). Identifying the morphological changes of the LFJ in the degeneration process at a high-resolution level could be meaningful for our better understanding of the possible mechanisms underlying this process. In the present study, we determined the 3D morphology of the LFJ using propagation phase contrast micro-tomography (PPCT) in rats to assess the subtle changes that occur during the degeneration process. PPCT provides vivid 3D images of micromorphological changes in the LFJ during its degeneration process, and the changes in the subchondral bone occurred earlier than in the cartilage during the early stage of degeneration of the LFJ. The delineation of this alteration was similar to that with the histological method. Our findings demonstrated that PPCT could serve as a valuable tool for 3D visualization of the morphology of the LFJ by providing comprehensive information about the cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone and their changes during degeneration processes. It might also have great potential for providing effective diagnostic tools to track changes in the cartilage and to evaluate the effects of therapeutic interventions for LFJ degeneration in preclinical studies.
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Zhao Y, Li Z, Wang W, Zhang H, Chen J, Su P, Liu L, Li W. Naringin Protects Against Cartilage Destruction in Osteoarthritis Through Repression of NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2015; 39:385-392. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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